caioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, prhident trump hits china w $60 billion in tariffs for stealing u.s. technology and trade secret then, a father's view: fredbe gutt lost his daughter, jaime, in the parkland, florida, school shooting. now he is devoting his life to stopping gun violence. >> until i do something so that no other parent will ever have to go through what my daughter n ugthwe this need to fight like this. re woodruff: and, diving deepsha to giving insight into the island's rich history. >> 150 years, and it's still intact.

that was never heard of and not just in bermuda, but worldwide. i was in the presence of the oldest intact perfume bottle in the world. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation.ce supporting scitechnology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century.

>> carnegie corporation of new york. nupporatnnng i aiondov curity. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoheg support of institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributionso your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: a broadside today from president trump, aimed at china and its trade policies. ut

tariffs, amid warnings that this opening battle could turn into a full-on trade war. william brangham begins our >> this is the first of many. the first one, b the first of many. >> brangham: these latest tariffs directly tget beijing and may total up to $60 billion, about 10% of all chinese impts to the united states. the president also announced restrictions on chinese investments infi.s. technology s. che said the u.s. would sna at the world trade organization for breaking trade laws. >> t word is reciprocal. that's the word i want everyone to remembe we pran tariff or a mirror tax. just use the word reciprocal. if they charge us we charge them the same thing. that's the way it's gotta be.ng >> bm: the president argues this is punishment for

beijing's alleged efforts at violat property rights.ual the tariffs are the first time the administration has directlyw targeted chinah trade sanctions. while earlier tariffs on steel and aluminum, which take effect friday, were meant to curbov chines-production, they also affected other nations as well. the administration temporarily exempted several american allies from those tariffs. china has often said it wants to avoid a trade war but warned it y.would hit back if necess >> ( translated ): china will by no means tolerat our legitimate rights and interests, and we will definitely take all necessary measures to defend our rightste nd sts. >> brangham: chias threatened to impose tariffs of its own on u.s. agricultural exports, particularly soybeans, which is a $14 billion aear business aircraft makers like boeing could also b ivulnerable. e e largest u.s. exporter, chd ooa sech tanotsin order mo from european

competitors ke airbus. on sunday, dozens of business and trade groups sent a letter to the president voicing concerns that he could trigger a trade war with china. and today utah republican senator orrihatch also criticized the president's move. >> i am deeply disappointed in the decision to impose global caused by china, tariffs or ancm ameran manufacturers and families.ra >>ham: still the president found support in unlikely places. democratic leader chuck schumer applauded the tariffs. >> i'm very pleased that this administration is taking strong action to getter deal on china, because china has stolen and extorted the intellectual property of american companies for yeouwiarpet thsircreonus our intellectual property are r family jewels. >> brangham: the list of chinese

seoducts that fall under t tariffs will be made available in 15 days. until then all eyes are on how china might respond. druff: william will be back with a deeper dive on allow of this, after the news summary. worries about a trade war sent wall street into a deep dive of its own. the dow joneindustrial average plunged 724 points, nearly 3%, to close below 23,960. the nasdaq fell 178 points, and the s&p 50slumped 68. a massive spendingill, to fund the government for the rest of the fiscal year, cleared the house today. it totals $1.3 trillion and ru mo than 2,200 pages. leaders in both the house and senate acknowledged it's far t om perfect, but defended a good compromise. >> it funds our war on opioids. it invests in infrastructure. it funds school safety and mental health.

but what this bill is ultimately about, what we've fought f for so long, is finally giving our military the tools and the resources it needs to do the job. >> this is a bill ths the middle class and those struggling to get there first. for nearly a decade, our middle clas needless and self-imposedim austerity,ing investments in jobs and education, infrastructure, scientificar re and more. >> woodruff: the senate now has 24 hours to act avoid another government shutdown.e we'lt lookending bill, and its politics, later in the program. president trump's lead lawyer in handling the russia investigation has resigned. john dowd gave no reason, but said in a statement today: "i love the president, and wish him well." "the new york times" reported mr. trump was ineasingly ignoring dowd's legal advice. meanwhile, the hse

intelligence committee voted to release republican findings that there was no collusion between the trump campaign and russia. there's word the special counsel leading the russia probe, robert mueller, is also examining the trump campaign's data operations. the associated press reports that includes connections to the british firm cambridge analytica. a whistleblower claims the firm stole personal data on 50 million facebook users, and used it for political clients, including the trump campaign. outgoing secretary of state rex tillerson bid farewell to his staff today. tillerson was fired sident trump last week, who announced it with a tweet. tiday, tillerson did not m the president at all, as he told state department employe that their work has never been more essential, and he urged them to respect each other. i like to ask that you undertake to ensurone act of kindness each day towards.

another pers this can be a very mean-spirited town. but you don't have to choose to participate in that. >> woodruff: the president's nominee to succeed tillerson, c.i.a. director mike pompeo, is set to have his senate confirmation hearing next month. investigators in austin, texas,r are stilng to learn what drove a string of bombings that h.lled two people this mo the 23-year-old suspect blew himself up tuesday night as swat teams moved in. last night, police said they've found a 25-minute confession on oms cellphone. it describes the, but says nothing about a motive. the northeastern u.s. started g diggout day from its fourth major storm in three weeks. the storm dumped heavy snow, ales n peitnnsynolvckaned outnd poweo thousands and disrupted air travel.

meanwhile, heavy rain pounded southern and central california today. serious flooding was reported in the fresno area. rldwide carbon emissions hit a record high last year. the international energy agency, based in paris, says thein ease came as global energy demand jumped sharuny. but thed states recorded the largest decline in a tssions, dge lo uely power. d, president trump traded fresh insults today with former vice president joe ber, id . ov ted mric.wo trump's bragging in 2005 about molesting women. he said,if we were in high school, i'd take him behind the gym and beat the hell out of him." mr. trump shot back this morning, in a tweethat said: "he doesn't know me, but he would go down fast and hard, crying all the way."

the president is 71. former vice present biden is 75. still to come on the newshour: congress rushes to pass a $1.3 trillion spending bill. a view from south korea as theu. considers talks with the background reveals about china's larger history, and much more. >> woodruff: president trump has long said he considers china a bad actor when it comeheto trade with.s. today he took his biggest steps yet against the country, with a second wave of tariffs on chinese imports. it comes as the u.s. trade imbalance with china keeps growing. last month, the commerceor department rd the u.s. has a $375 billion trade gap with china. william brangham is back with a

closer looat the potential nsequences of today's move. >> brangham: en as that trade ficit with china has grown, american exports to china have also grown. last year, ty rose to $130 billion. the president's new taxes and tariffs could impact roughly 1,300 chinese imports, products we buy and wear and use every single day. but will these tariffs have the desired effect? ian bremmer is president and founder of the eurasia group, as well as a global researchew professor atork university. welcome. >> good to be with you. >> brangham: the stock market did not like the t trifday, it seems. what's your take on them? >> well, there's no question that a 700-plus point drop is probably the largest we've sen in decades on the back directly on the actio of an american president. so that's significant for a president who's been talking up the marke with reulatory rollback, corporate tax reductions. business has generally been very

thppe markets take a big dump, unlike trump's threatenedri s to allies all over the world, the corporate community has been increasingly saying t the trump administration we think you need to beougher on china, we're not getting reciprocity, we don't have market acess, they're stealing our intellectual property. it's really challging for us to do business there and we need someone to beo kept using the word reciprocal do you think it will have the intended effect that it will curb china's actions that alle thdividuals think are so odious. >> if implemented properly and consistently, i think it would might. i can tell you senior es officials in the past couple of weeks toll me in thew boor rum coming up in april that xi jinping was going to give a big speech. he's already sort of president for life so cleared the decks.

he was plrinning on of a broader reform message in response to american preure. that's big deal. but the americans are fighting with one hand behind our back for a couple ofeasons, first of all because, as you know, american allies are not very happy with the united states now. if we were going to start engage on hitting the chinese had, our european allies are having the same problems, japanese allies are having the same prbl. wouldn't we want them to be aligned with us? that's not where the are. we're hitting them on steel and aluminum. the chinese are iting really big checks. the americans can't even do usks atome. certainly not going it internationally. there's one other big point which is this new taiwan traveli act jusgned into law by president trump which says that ericans can travel senior level to taiwan, will accept taiwanese leaders to the united states. that is a non sequitur to the chinese and a red flag.

they will feel backed in the rner. they consider taiwan to be domestic policy and the fact trump has decided to moe ahead in escalation on taiwan at the same time as he's escalating on trade says to the chinese this isn't just about trade, this isi the amens and trump showing his true colors, we're going to hit you hard. >> brangham: you think because we're not working with our other allies, because we're doing this other action on taiwan, becau we're going at an isolationist way that it won't do what trump wants it to do? >> i think america first ves-a-vis china is a ry workable strategy if it's strategic, leads by example and is multi-lateral. instead it's the antithesis of that. it's unilateralist, transactional in short term,ot it'soing what it needs to do to tell the chinese we're going to take this ser, iously. lo got the chinese under trump to take north korea more

seriously. squeezed tem. they supported unanimousat resolutionhe security council, they cut off smuggling, they broke down joint ventures with the north koreans. ey never would have done that under obama or bush and that was because trump was pressuring them. so it's not that american pressure doesn't work against e chinese and we need t execute and show we' wllillingke us to seriously. but if you want a strategy like this to work, just like on north korea, you need allies and envoys and the rest, trump thats not set himself up for success here. >> brangham: china said today we're not want ago twar but if you're starting one we'll meet you on the battlefld. do you think that's what's going to happen? >> when we hit them with solar panels last month, they hit us with sorghum. if they end up being charged $50 billion, they're going to hit the united stateke they t soybeans, $15 billion export to the chinese, that's going to hit red

states. trump and alies will get it on the children there and hit corporate doing business with china. >> brangham: thank you very much. >> woodruff: as we reported earlier, the house of representatives today passed a rnmmoth $1.3 trillion spending bill to avert a gont shutdown tomorrow. but its fate is less certain in the seexte. john yanores what is ahead. >> yang: judy, for the ve y latest, weined by erica werner, who covers congress for the "washington post." erica, we can onl -- welcome toe "newshour". whatts the state of play ri now in the senate? >> well, it's uncertain. it all depends, as your viewers likely know, on what one senator decides to do, that is rand paul of kentucky, who last month forced the government into a brief sthiewnt lasted just several hours if the course of

one night when heeld up a spending bill that was actually the precurs setting the rameters to the bill that's currently before congress. he has not said whahe's going to do. he would have the ability againh because e the compressed timing to force a showdown if he holds things up. he's spent the day tweeting his objections to the bill, pointing out things that he views as unnecessary spending, but he has not said what he's going to dole. >> yang: if he forces a showdown, how long will it last? >> it wo ad not be longer th day. perhaps a little bit longer than that. s ngle-handedly doesn't have the ability to hold the floor for more than several hours or so hdepending onow senator mcconnell tries to enforce the rules. so we are so close, though, to that deadline which is 12:01 a.m. saturday, that he

would be able to, if he held things -- protected them as long as he could, force a showdown for some period of time. >> yang: when it passed the use, there was a lot of grumbling from conservative house republicans. what's their complaint? >> that's right. conservatives in both chambers are very upset about this legislation because of the size of it. the massive increases for the military, but problematic from their view for domestic agencies which are seeing an crease in about $52 billion inr ove17 levels, this bill funding the remainder of the 2018 budget years. this spending is rining billions of drawers down, tens of billions of dollars on federal agencies large and small. everything froiom the nl institutes of health. the park service, cleanup of the great lakes, any number of things, some of which are

bipartisan prioritie many of which conservatives view as within necessary. >> yang: and the democrats have a lot to be happy about in this bill, don't they? >> that's right and that's part of what gets under conservative skin is democrats are claiming victory here, proclaiming that they go a lot of wins, pointing to numerous agencies, programs thatave been underfunded from the centers for disease control, other things that they have been wanting to fund for years, and now they're getting this win in this omnibus spending bill because, from eir mirity position in the senate, they to force their priorities into this bill. >> yang: so to sum this up, how likely do you think a shutdown, even though brief, is this weekend? >> i'm afraid it's no just not -- i'm afraid it's just not known at thmis tie.

senator paul has been asked repeatedly throughout the week and today about wh he's going , and he's not said. out email t o reporters de which tey chis hand on what he's going to do but directed reporters to his , itter feed, where, agahe's been posting pictures of himself holding th massive bill, lists of items that he objects to but has not said what his sphraj is going to be. >> yang: erica werner of "the washington post" and another cliffhanger. thanks for joining us. >> thank you. that president trump had acpt an offer to meet north this spring. la wk, i s a's reminierut that meeting anduc thear

standoff with the north. but how does this weighty matter look from the ground in south korea? for that i'm joined from seoul by our newly-announced foreign affairs d defense nirrespondent, nick schifrin. let me welcome you, officially, to the newshour family. you've contributed to the prdram from all over the wo these last couple of years, but will be with us full-time n arting this may. nick, you have b seoul, talking to south korean and american officials there. what is the messaging you're hearing from them? >> the messaging from both sides is positive. the messaging from both sides to north korea is we are committed to diplomacy, we are committed to talking. so from the south korean side, that's what we have been hearing for a whle. an emphasis on diplomacy, an emphasis on trying to speak korean, to korean sides and bring the u.s. along when it comes to diplomacy. but we're now also hearing the message from amerin officials i'm speaking to and specifically

throughe military exercised between the u.s. and t south koa that will happen next month. these exercises have really inflamed the north koreans in the past. what u.s. officials arenowsexerw key as possible, so they will ncmit press confereduring the exercise so they're not as public as they used t to be, and there will be fewer assets from the u.s. side namely submarines, an aircraft carrier and other military assets, they are suggesting that certainly this military exercise will be as low key as possible so as not to inflame the north koreans, so as not to risk any damage to the ongoing diplomacy.f: >> woodrick, when you talk to the south korean officials, what are their expectations in the next few mohs? >> i think the south korean officials are very optimistic and, long term, vey ambitious. they talk about peace, even

about unification in the long term, but in the short term they're trying to tamp down expectations and thewhy sa is success in the next few months? simply having a meeting between prest trump and kim jong un. they say look at what happened in the last six months, nine months. think about theto rhec between both sides. if we can just get them in the same room with a handshake, that's good enough, and then we can start a longer-term process of talking about what canp happen in terms of denuclearization, and we hope they can make a dialogue of sustainable past of president trump administration and kim jong un administration here. >> woodruff: what do th south reans say they believe the north koreans are willing to do here and what do they want from all this, ultimately? >> yeah, this is where the south koreanare truly optimistic. south koreans think the north koreans are willing to denuclearize both their president and future capacity.

critics call it naive but the wsouth koreans say, loo talk about irreversie denuclearization, they will talk itout that as long as they get irreversible secand prosperity guarantees, not only sanctions relief, not only a u.s. pledge not to attackh norea, but foreign direct investment into north korea by the u.s. one south korean official even joked trump towyero p convince north koreans the u.s. was serious aboutorth korean prosperity. they say we're alsalking security, an 8% increase in the budget, not only military, but navy, air force, intelligence assive u.s. present. >> woodruff: so many eyes on the korean peninsula where you ar nick schifrin reporting from thecine peninsula. thank you, nick.

>> thanks very much. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: i speak to a fathewhose daughter was killed in the parkland shootksg. old shipwreet futuristic technology. and a woman entrepreneur's take on overcoming obstacles that stand in your way. the president's decision to hit china with new tariffs today underscores the kind of powerhouse it has become on the global stage economically. in fact, china is generally ranked as the world's second largest economy, and on its way to becoming the largest. tonight, our economics correspondent paul solman hears a personal take about how the country has evolved in the modern era through generations of change, part of his weekly series, "making sense." >> this is a good one. >> reporter: alvin, anna, and scott tong are long-time americans. but the family's history over

the last century tracks china'so evolution global economic power. >> rising lifestyles and expectations fuel this consumption boom. >> reporter: scott tong, a former colleague of mine at the newshour, reported on china's explosive economy a dozen years ago as chinaureau chief for public radtplace. but he was advised to take the lokeng variew.io's >> when i first moved there innk 2006, a , a salty old banker who had been there for more than more than two d"des, said, "u people come and you get skyscraper syndrome." >> reporter: tong told story to me, and to an audience, at portland oregon's powell's city of books. >> and i said, "what is that?" and he says, "well you kind of-- ything is new so you think chinis a new story, and you don't really understand the long story." >> reporter:o, after his stint in modern shanghai, tong returned, with hisarents, to seek out his and china's past. the result is "a village with my

name," which starts with sco and dad alvin visiting the ancestral village where everyone shared one key trait, as alvin learned when he tried to be polite to an old man. >> so i said, "what's your honorable last name?" he looked at me as if, "you idiot! i'm a tong!" >> reporter: scott's paternal great-grandfather was remembered for leaving the village to study in japan. >> we learned that he was of the scholars who are part of enig eth ohtnlisnt megenerations n china. so trly opening to the outside world. erfaeporter: great grand ng -y jtosyun scott, the first of three eras that define modern china: globalization at the turn of the 20th century. >> and they were all connecting with these modern ideas, these isms of the timedarwinism, feminism, capitalism, empiricism, marxism, all these

he also married a japanese wife, japanese woman, which comes as a great surprise to his chinese wife back the village when he goes back there. >> reporter: when mao zedong's communist party took control in 1949 china closed its doors. collecti helped cause a famine that killed up to 40 million people. and a new generation of cosmopolitan tongs found themselves on the wrong side of history. >> my father was ten yrs old and he got to taiwan. and he eventually comes to the u.s. for graduate school and has this great, white-collar, american career. and his brother gets left behind. >> reporter: and his brother goe behind because? >> my grandfather decides that he is just going to take hisso oldewith him. d lveonsoanth wife he leaves beh pregnant with another son. >> reporter: those left behind were punished for their family's ties tmao's opposition.

>> my uncle was a great student, but he wasn't allowed to go to the best schools. during the great leap forward, during the famine period, they had fer rations than other families. they're eating the, they're taking the, scping tree bark t off of tes. they had to soften it somehow. >> reporter: just to get it down. >> just to be able.o get th the other thing that happened to my uncle is he and other students were sent away to learn from the peasants. >> reporter: learn how to farm. >> learn how to farm. learn the values of the revolution, and then come back. and my ule received one of the longest sentences of ten years. >> repter: on scott's mother's side, his grandmother mildred jow escaped with her children to hong kong. but his grandfather carleton was convicted as a counterrevolutionary. >> he got sent to the chinese gulag in the '50s, middle of nowhere, horrific weather conditions.

and the prisoners who were sent there, like in the soviet union, most of them didn't come back. >> reporter: they died there. >> they died there. my grandfather, he didn't make it back. but we learned a lot of what prisoners went through then. the prisoners would talk about how many grams of food they got in the worst of times. there is a notth documentary. e's this searing scene where one of the prisoners vomits onto the ground, falls on the ground. and then one of the other prisoners kind of follows him and picked up a couple pieces of food and he eats that. >> i've been trying to avoid that >> reporter: scott's mother, ly dersantoevisithinaan, waunabs paintaful past. >> i lost my dad when around ten. it was just too painful to go back. , everyly realized chinese family in ouration had this story, and so many of us do not want to tell and i think these stories need

to be to. >> reporter: the tongs' story continues in t third era of modern china, which began after mao's death: a gradual re- opening to outside investment and ideas, which paved the way for today's massive industrial economy. scott's cousin works in a gm plant, one of a dozen in china. >> and he's very proud that he not only works as a manager in that factory, but he drives a brand with great cachet in china, and that's buick. >> reporter: so, he's sitting pretty. >> from the outside, everything looks really good in my cousin's life, right? and chinese life is improving at about ten percent a year, right? numerically, life is just getting better thrghout his life. he has a nicer, sleeker laptop computer than i have, he has a fancier camera than i have. >> reporter: i'm sorry, i'm sorry to hear that. >> i mean, that's just kind of how it is, right? but he does have a lot of challenges, anthbiggest

problem this generation has in china today is being able to afford prorty. maybe in the united states you could work for ten years and buy some property. 0 or 40t was more like years. >> reporter: really? just to buy anything? >> to be able to buy something is just virtually out of reach. and so why does this matter? well a lot of women in china, they're not going to mar you unless you have property, right? they're looking for financial security as well. i mean, this is a place where there's a lot of uncertainty. and the story that breaks my heart about my cousin is his girlfriend in the plant, she left him for one of his other friends in the plantbecause this friend owns property. >> reporter: turns out the workers who took american au jobs have stresses of their own: they're competing for jobs, property, spouses. the communist party, which has now set up president xi jinping to be ruler for life, argues it has the solution. >> the people defending the communist party will sayyou

know, "we have had so much chaos and instability in a single lifetime that we need someone to kind of bring the stability to the coun ty." and that party. >> reporter: at a meeting ofal n and anna tong's church book club, members enjoyed chinese new year treats and shared their own encounters with the communist party. >> how many of you have been to china? a lot of people here! >> reporter: ken kraft felt thei thheavy ha of the government when he opened a qvc tv office in shanghai in 2001. >> we always had to bring people in that gore part of the rnment, and we had to make tre that their hands were well greased in order fm to get to the next level. >> reporter: jim godfrey resisted a shakedown iou.e but,ys... >> if you ever do a deal with them, you probably didn't get the best deal. they're going to outdeal you evy time >> reporter: and he es china flexing its might in more worrisome ways. >> politically, i worry about

what's going on in chi >> reporter: the building of new islands in disputed international waters, incrsed tensions with allies like japan and south korea. so, has china entered a fourth phase, another closing down? scott tong's take: "maybe." >> there's more open criticism of outside ideas, western democracy, western free press. at the same time, wethe internet. and these other ways that a young person can go out and connect, so, there's this push and pull that's happening in china. >> reporter: a tug of war that's been going on since scott's great grandfather llft the tong e. this is pbs newshour economics correspondent paul solman in rtland, oregon.

druff: we have breaking news now. another high-level shakeup at the white house. president trump said in a tweet that h.r. mcmaster as national security advisor is out to be replaced byormer ambassador john bolton. bolton will be the terhirdn to fill that role. our john yang is here to fill us in with what we know.hn we have been hearing h.r. mcmaster might be out for some time. what has happened? whatbout -- how did he and the president get along? >> this is another one of these long-living, long, slow death of me, reas fiogrs tioncehdof t upon the president wheern, aft michael flynn had to resign -- or was fired at his first national security advisor. he was a -- he is a three-star general, he's activservice in the army, maintained service in the army but in announcement tonight says he will retire from the army which is a little of a spies because there have been reports out of the pentagon the people were looking for a four-star job that could be a

nice, soft landing for hie but o never really gelled according to people in the administration. he didn't like the president -- the president didn like the way mcmaster briefed hem. he felt like mcmaster was lecturing him, which is something this president does not like. w they have mutually agreed, according to the white house statement, that mcmaster willgn re >> woodruff: he was known for his academic background, had writn a book on the vietnam war. let's talk about john bolton. he serinnivesthti tond . >> he was the u.n. ambassador -- ambassador to the u.n. which was a little bnterestiause he's a little bit of a fire brand. he has a reputation of a bit of a bomb thregfhow er ashe w ate senator jesse holmes of north carolina. he was a recess appointment to the u.n. he was very critical of the u.n. then he left that post when the recess appointment would have to have been renewed in a forl nomination made because he was not going to get senate confirmaon when the democra took over.

>> woodruff: he served a little over a year. >> a little over a year. >> woodruff: in thitat posn. and, john, wt ahs,av he has been heading up a political action committee to raise mon for conservative causes. >> a super pac that has been raising money. the last expditure jus couple of days ago. of is a very strong voice in the conservative winhe party. he was at the american enterprise institute for a while. this is -- it's going to be interesting to see how this is going to be received in the foreign policy community and on the hill. >> woodruff: i remember that a number of leading replican figures in the foreign policy arena did not want john bolton to be named. his name ws in the mix when h.r. mcmaster was chosen. >> that's exactly right. he was seen a little t outside the main stream. also another interesting point, this is the latest f news commentator to be brought into the administration. it's as if -- and the president does watch fox news a lot based

on hiseets, so i think he seems to be taking the people he's watching and bringing them inside the white house. >> woodruff: so we should say, johnang, thank you, this comes on the heels as the president fires his secretary of state and now is getting rid of hisy national securvisor, the two leading people in the administration who guide him on national see urity. >> on e of talks -- apparent talks with north korea. >> woodruff: john yang, we thank you. >> woodruff: as many as one million people are expected to march against gun violence in washington and other cities this weekend, an action last month's deadly shooting at stoneman douglas high school in parkland, florida. 14-year-old jaime guttenberg was among the 17 who died that day. jaime's father, fred gnctenberg, has become one of the most vocal of the parents who lost a

child, advocating for reforming the nation's gun laws, and he joins me now from davie, florida. mr. guanberg, first of all, the most sincere condolences in the. tha yourou moth. w o ruff: iof cssa n only imagine. whma does thirch on saturday mean to you? >> the marchn saturday means that we are on our way o getting real common sense gun safety done. it means that, in a very short riod of time, these kids and the people of this country have stepped up and soken up and said "enough," and i think what you're going to see is not just in washington but around thely country posshe largest number of people ever marching and it tells me t they wan be able to go to school, go to the mall, go to a temple or a church, a movie theater,

anywhere, without fear of ing shot, and they're going to demand it, and they're going to demand that legislators do some orthinutabo ge it fired. you know, we're watching our business community step up and take a leaddership action, tay the latest example that was citigrp. if the biness community can step up and do it, so can our legislators andeth timehat they act. >> woodruff: do you think that this is going to lead to meaningful change in terms of people who are elected to office and the laws they pass? and i ask that because congress passed the spending bill today, is in the process of passing it, and itntains, what, $1.5 billion in some measures to make schools safer, to step up the background check system but it's not the change you and others are calling for. >> well, no, it's not, and it's a great question. listen, do i think we're going to get there? you betcha. these are some simple facts if we don't now, members of

congress are going to get fired. as aid reminder, theses who are marching, they're going to be vting really soon. the mothers of these families that are standing around and the fathers like myself, we're going vo all get out and make sure we yotekn iown, i'vead some conversations with people over the past month about how, you know, we really can't make a , 'senffcehow an oything that i think we've proven in the past month is thad our voies matter, that when we speak up, when we demandit action happens. look at what happened in florida. a state where you n would have expected a gun safety we have it. and look at what is happening now in the business conity. unfortunately, washington, we elect folks to be leaders. they're not. they're legislators.ey e followers. however, they're going to follow at's happening. i am optimistic that they will

take note of the crmowds. i optimistic they are watching what the business community is doing. i am also optimistic that they will be paying attention to the news around what the dnors are doing because everything is moving away from them when it comes to gun safety. they will either act or they will be fired, but we will get gun safety reform in this country. >> woodruff: as you know so well, fred guttenberg, what the bby is saying, however, is that this is all about young people with an emotional or a mental -- an emotional disturbance or a mental illness an it's about school safety, owking sure schools are secure if someone up with a gun. how do you answer that? >> i tell them, you know what, that's all correct -- mental illness is part of it, making sure schools are safe is part of it -- however, the common denominator in every tragedy is the gun, and, unfortunately for the gun lobby, i think their

influence has been unftunatelyn largerr elected officials than it should have been over the years, and their influence is waning. ay.ir money is going aw public opinion has turned against them. i can speak to you and tell u, i have received -- for every message i've gotten from someone in the gun lobby who maybe complains about what i'm doing, i'so gotten one or two messages from someone in the gua lobby whs, you know what? you're right. the issue isn't the membership, it's the leadership, and evenhe the members of.r.a. are saying our leadership has failed us. they're out of touch. they're sending me pictures of their cut-ucan.r.ards. so when you ask me do i think the gun lohbby or woever else says it's about school safety, is about securitdy g t tell the that's nopart of it, but guns arpart of it, too. >> woodruff: you are a private

citizen, mr. gutenberg, and yet i've seen you stand upnd talk forcefully to a united states senator marco rubio froyour state of florida, i've seen you be forceful in many of the interviews you've done. where is that courage coming from? >> um, well, my daughter. my daughter was 14, but she was tough. honestly, the toughest person who i knew. and unfortunately, the way she died ws running down a hallway with a gun at her back, andin se was ru for her fe, and every second i think about the fear in her as she was doing i and i also know how hard she was fighting to live. honestly, because of what sh went through, it's perspectido,

but n't feel fear about anything any could be like what she experienced, and until i do something so that no otherl parent wver have to go through what my daughter went through and what my famy is going through, i just have this need to fight like this. this has gone on too many timesa in thet, whenever these tragedies have happened, i've found the conatven afterwards to always be way too polite, way too comfoable and way too temporary. i don't feel like being polite, i don't feel like making people comfortable, and i don't feel like going away unt gets done. and that comm daught. e wod exect too fdo this. >> woodruff: fred guttenberg, our hearts gout to you an your family. we can't imagine what it's like to go through what you're going through, but we thank you very much for talking with us.

>> thank you.ho >> woodruff:oesn't love a shipping yarn, especially when there's a ship wreck involved? bunow some old wrecks are being tied to very futuristic technology. in the first of a two-part look, jeffrey brown takes us to bermuda and san diego for his, ongoing seriulture at risk." n >> brown: it our usual dress, or mode of transportation. but this is an unusual tale, one that takess underwater, cultural heritage. they can't be anything but the total summation of a certain culture's way of trying to move across the water. >> brown: and also goes on a very different kind of dive. >> we can literally dive and swim toward the shipwreck

itself. >> brown: ...through virtual reality, in a lab in san diego. >> what we're looking at for bermuda right now are five tllion data points that have been collected f first set of shipwrecks that have been documented. >> brown: we begin in the real world of bermuda, a british- island territory that sits00 les to the east of the u.s. and is home to 65,000 residents. it's known for its breathtaking coastlines and beaches, its high-priced real estate, the mystery of the "bermuda triangle," and its four centuries-long history of shipping and wrecks, some 300 of them that have crashng the island's encircling reefs. >> there's a charming feeling about being around a shipwreck. to me, it's quintessentially g.rmudian, this kindf thing, but it's also erod >> brown: philippe rou, who's been diving and exploring these

sites since he ww a teenager, ads the effort to preserve them as part of the island's cultural heritage, a way to understand its story. the 49-year-old is bermuda's official custoan of historic shipwrecks. i've run across some interesting titles, but that's a good >>e. guess when you're surrounded by 300 shipwrecks, you need someone to tend directly to that singular problem. it's a fairly singular bermuda problem, having too many shipwrecks. >> brown: and the wrecks are everywhere. >> the wrecks are everywhere. actually, you stumble on them all the time. >> bwn: shipwrecks have defined bermuda from its earliest days. in 1609, shipwrecked english colonists were the first toar ve on the uninhabited island while they attempted to bring supplies to the british colony of jamestown. >> shipwrecks were our economy. we are a shipwreck-based economy bermuda in that kind of mass. and rouja says bermuda became heavily dependant upon the many

wrecks that followed. they're literally the only goods and products that would get to bermuda in that kind of mass. other than moving cargo around, a shipwreck suddenly means that the local population early on could have access to wood and timber and iron and sails, and all those goods that you can't get otherwise because the >> brown: also left bes nd: thousa artifacts, providing clues about life on board the ship, trade and the economy of a given perd, and much more. most now sit in museums, like the bermuda underwater exploratioinstitute. but many can be found in private collections like that of william gillies, an amateur oceanographer and diver who began exploring bermuda's wrecks in the 1960s >> that bottle we can date to 1715, 1720 and we knew that they got the cipher g.r. on it

for king george for england. and we know that george the first came to the throne in 1714. so we said, well, they tie in very nicely, so we put a date of 1714 on it. >> brown: gillies is an expert at restoring shipwrecked artifacts d rouja sometimes brings him new findings to study. >> i think it's-- the cork has leaked and i think it has dregs in it. but i don't think it's the pure wine. >> brown: rouja discovered this bottle of wine, thought to be more than 150 years old, while hesurveying the remains of "mary celestia," a blockade runner used during the civil war byonfederacy which sank in 1864 under mysterious circumstance >> brown: there was no wine- tasting fous, but another find, a bottle of perfume, fered a rare smell of th past, when rouja brought it to isabelle ramsey-brackstone of the lili bermuda perfumery. >> in a shipwreck that's 150

years, and it's still intact. that was never heard of and not just in bermuda, but worldwide. i was in the presence of the oldest intact perfume bottle in the world. >> brown: the liquid had decomposed, leaving an awful stench. but a chemical analysis showed the fragrance was made from grapefruit, ambers and musks. >> and we said, "okay, now let's create it to what it wou have smelled when it actually sank 150 years ago." >> brown: so this is the scent of the british royal court in >> yes. victoria, queen victoria would have worn this, yes. >> brown: today, bermuda's wrecks are legally protected iscultural sites, a licens required for marine archeology and recovered artifacts belong to the government. but the wrecks also serve , another important functi bermuda's efforts to preserve its marine ecosystem in the face of global warming and the depletion of fish populations.

the fish, in fact, love them. we visited the hulking remains of two 1919 wrecks, the "emma davis" and the "norkoplin." above water, they're almost like beautiful, rusted sculptes. now we're literally able to stand inside the ship. >> yeah, now we'ren it, and actually it lets you see some of the elegant details of it. >> brown: below water, another kind of wonder: the wreckage transformed into a new kind of reef what i can mostly see underwater is how the ship becomes part of the ecosystem here. fish are swimming around. >> yeah. everything's hiding in it. >> brown: indeed, rouja is relying on the romance to interest a new generation in their culturalnd environmental rt. but he and others are now doing

much more, virtually taking these wrecks out of the ocean, and into a high tech lab, where they'll have a new libe, acce to everyone. we'll have that part of the story tomorrow night. for now, for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in black bay,. bermud >> woodruff: on the news nur online rig, another update on our investigation into sexual misconduct in the u.s. forest service. the agency has announced to its staff that iis implementing what it is calling a 30-day action plan to address sexua r harassment aaliation in the agency. you can read all about it on our web site, pbs.org/newshour.

and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us onli and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. with h.r. mcmaster out to be replaced by former ambassador john bolton. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> my dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of defining people. >> what the hellappened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a ruime scene. >> we tell the tth-- or at least, our version of it. >> senator, when can we expect some answers? >> we're in this deeper than igh th >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institution ra >> this prwas made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc pt ned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org n ner get enoug,

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