captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy wdruff. on theewshour tonight, california sues the trump administration over a new census question on citizenship, arguing it violates constitutional rights. then, my conversation th former president jimmy carte- we talk the current state of the trump administration and what do about north korea. >> we're already on a pathway with north korea of a nuclear confrontation, but what they want is a guarantee that the s unittes will never attack them unilaterally. >> woodruff: plus, two friends, both librarians, and survivors of different school shoongs use their shared experience to fight for change. >> it's too hard to be it was like surreal. it was like this is really happening.

it happened to you its happening at our school too? so yeah that was my reaction. this can't happen again. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbsas newshoureen provided by: >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: s >> this program de possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you.

thank you. >> woodruff: the state of louisiana will not file criminal charges against two white police officers in the fatal shooting of a black man in 2016. alton sterling was killed in a struggle outside a convenience store. federal officials had already decided not to bring civil rights charges against the officers, and today, the state attorney general followed suit. >> our investigation has concluded that officers lake and lamoni attempted to make aul larrest of alton sterling p based upbable cause. during that encounter mr.ed sterling contio resist the officers' efforts to arrest him. >> woodruff: the two officers said they found a loaded gun in sterling's pocket, and landry

said today it's likelys under the influence of drugs. but sterling's family rejected the findings, and called the shooting unjustified. >> they took a human away. they took a fath away. they took somebody away that did not deserve to be away.th e way they killed him was in cold blood. >> woodruff: the sterling incident led to widespread protests, and days later, a black militaryeteran shot and killed three baton rouge police officers. meanwhile, california's attorney general is joining the investigation into the killing of an unarmed black man in sacramento. two officers fired 20 times at stephon clark in the march 18 incident. theyaid they thought he had gun. it turned out to be a cell- phone. a former dean at michigan state university was charged today in a widening sexual abe scandal. william strampel appeared in court on charges that he failed to monitor larry nassar, the

sports doctor convicted of abusing young gymnasts.st mpel is also accused of harassing female students and t pressim for nude photos. the list of nations expellingat h ssian diplclimbed above two dozen today, wstralia and ireland joining in. scit's aimed at punishing for allegedly poisoning a former double agent in britain. but in uzbekistan, the russian foreign minister promised his country will retaliate. >> ( translated ): we will undoubtedly respond, because nobody wantso tolerate such boorish behavior and we will not either. we know that this is the result of colossal pressure, colossalkm bll which is now unfortunately the main tool of washington on the international arena. >> woodruff: the united states announced monday that it's kickingia out 60 rudiplomats and closing the russian consulate ineattle. thousands of russians protested today in the siberian city of

kemerovo, demanding a full investigation of a shopping mall fire. officials say at least 64 people died in sunday's blaze. angry crowds turned out to dispute the official death toll. parents showed photos of their children that died. nearby, russian president fadimir putin laid flowers at the scene of thee and blamed criminal negligence. >> ( translated ): what's happening here? this isn't war, it's not a spontaneous methane outburst in a mine.in we're taabout losing so many people. why? because of some igiminal nece, because of slovenliness. how could this ever happen? >> woodruff: putin has declared tomorrow a national day of mourning across russia. speculation swirled today around an armed train that may have carried north korean leader kim jong un to china and back again. heighted security around beijing drove reports that kim was on the train. it would have bn his first trip abroad as leader.

the unconfirmed vit came in advance of kim's possible summit with president trump in y. in syria, war monitors say another 7,000 people left the ravaged eastern ghouta suburbs of damascus today. rebels and their families boarded buses bound for camps near theurkish border. the russians arranged it after a fierce syrian government assault. >> ( translated ): the regime de us displaced people following torture, shelling, siege and starvation. there was no medical aid, no food, no water. we had been sitting inside a basement for two mon we are living an impossible life and we left by a miracle. >> woodruff: thousands more bels and civilians have evacuated the area since last week. back in this country, kentucky lawmakers have passed legislation to ban a common, medically-proven abortion procedure past 11 weeks of pregnancy. it would be of the country's most restrictive abortion laws,o anwaits for the republican

governor to sign it into law. former u.s. supreme court justice john paul stevens is calling for repeal of the second amendment, to make gun control possible." in a "new yorksay, he s ites that repeal would "move saturday's marchoser to their objective than any other possible reform." stevens opposed the court's 2008 decision that found the second amendment guarantees gun ownership. facebook c.e.o. mark zuckerberg declined today to apar before a british parliamentary committee investigating ake news." instead, he offered to send otr senior executives. separately, u.s. congressional commites are asking zuckerberg to testify about use of facebook user data in the 2016 elections. wall street backed up today, as dcebook's troubles helpedg down tech stocks. the dow jo lost nearly 345 points to close at 23,857.

the nasdaq fell 21points, nearly 3%, and the s&p 500 droppe46. and, three former presidents eulogized former georgia governor and senator zell miller at his funeral in atlanta today. jimmy carter, bill clinton and george w. bush remembered miller as a bipartisan force who transcended ideology. a he wemocrat, but he backed. bush in 20e still to com the newshour: why a citizenship question could compromise the accuracy of the u.s. census. teformer president jimmy con north korea, the trump admistration. low-wage workers struggling to keep a roof over their heads, and much more. >> woodruff: the u.s. dertment of commerce announced monday it

plans to add back a question o citizenship status to the 2020 census. commerce secretary wilbur ross explained the move on fox business this morning. >> we've heard from people on all sides of the equatn. we've done elaborate analyses within the department, and we've concluded that the benefits to the voting rights act enforcement of asking the question outweighs these other sues. >> woodruff: the state of california is suing thera adminion, calling the move unconstitutional. california attorney general xavier becerra said today it would lead to an inaccurate head count. >> certainly we know for many people in this country, as a result of the broken immigration system, there are many dividuals who might fear participating in the census, if a question abo citizenship is asked. >> woodruff: there was mixedmb reaction from s of congress. house minority leader nancy " pelosi called trimental,"

while republican senator ted cruz of texas said the census update seis "common s the department of justice original requested the change, and in a statement to the newshour, the agency said that it "looks forward to defending the reinstement of the citizenship question, which will allow the departnt to protect the right to vote and ensure free and fair elections for all americans." here to discuss this census shift is kenneth prewett. he's a former head of the u.s. census bureau and now a professor at columbia university. >> i believe it will result in a less accurate and a less inclusive census than we would have had without this question being put on the ceatnsuhe last minute. >> woodruff: why? um, i think it's going frighten people, certain segments of the population. we're already dealing with a lack of trust in the government, and we're certainly dealing with an immigration crisis about howo we'rnding people up and so forth, and i think the

citizenship question will com across as a statement that some people belong here and others t don't, bat's not what the constitution says. >> woodruff: among other things, the administration is pointing out they've alreadyki been a this question on some census surveys over aer nuf years so that it's not that different from what they've done. >> no, it's asked on number of places and the census bureau does a very accurate job of having very accurate reports open the citizenship of the population. it's used to advance the voting rights act, it works very we so this is extra but in a highly visible way. nothing is as visible as the decinial census and i think it a witract attention and not all of it will be welcome. >> woodruff: the information gathered by the census, is it shared with the department of justice forks example? >> only in the aggregate.

d of course, it's shath the entire public in the aggregate but not ever an individl record. >> woodruff: so, in terms of an individual immigrant, you were saying being fearful of talking to a census taker, thein information something that would be passed on and acted on by the government? >> no, it's not easy to convince everybody in the american public at that is true. if you lived in a home that were, say, half immigrants, half citizens, half noncitizens, and you're even a citizen and you get to that part of thm where you have to list the third or fourth person and they're not a citizen, i just think people will bery uncomfortable doing that. we know about the raids and so forth. i'm not sayin gat's going to happen. i'm only saying how the public will respond to this. >> woodruff: what are the consequences of not getting an acrate count?

>> you create an unfairness because most of the big ben fits from a census arert pronate to population size. that includes, of course, redistricting, it includes reapportionments and federal moneys. $6 trillion will be spent on formulas based upon the 2020 census over the next 10 years, and a state or a group that is c lented than another one is going to get less of its shares of money, les its share of political voice. >> woodruff: and, in fact, some people ar already pointing out that, among those states or districts that voted heavily for president trump in the 2016 election, some of them may stand to lose or gain federal funds as a result of the census? how do you see that? >> veterans, school teachers, transportation officials, these e all programs that depend upon the census data, and a bad ey are goingthat

to suffer from the absence of having their full numbers represented in the cen >> woodruff: the question has been raised in terms of who's going to be affected by this census count, whether it is correct or not, an wdhave a map here showing some of -- these are the fastest growing immigrant populations in the country, and most these states were states where president trump won them in 2016. how do you see the impact in these states? >> well, in those states, they will still ben udercounted, and they will not have political voice in that respect. s let me juy it this way -- we've never had al poarized census, one in which the public can experience as, oh, there's a democratic side and a republican side. i think that's a very dan place for the country to be. i think this census has always been the census bureau is not political. the numbers, of course, are political, but not the process

of cnting the american people. i think what we're stepping into is a condition where we're going to polarize the census, an that's not healthy, and can imagine a lot of people not being as cooperate i as they might have otherwise been. >> woodruff: do you think that necessarily nefits one political party or another? >> i think it's unpredictable. it will, but i don't want to sa it's going to favor the democrats or the republicans, i don't even know that and i don't ahink anyone knows that. i don't think its intentionally done that way, but i think it's going to have consequences which is simply going to lead to inaccuracy and unfairness, irrespective of who's suffering or rewarded in this. >> woodruff: kenneth prewett, former dector of the united states census, thank you very much. >> it was my pleasure, thank you, judy.

>> woodruff: more than 40 years have pasd since a peanut farmer from plains, georgia captured the white house, amid a moment of national upheaval. former president jimmy carter served one term, but has spent the decades since playing many roles: statesman, peacemaker, humanitarian, and as author: the 39th president is out with his 32nd book, a meditatiohe calls "faith: a journey for all." i spoke with him yesterday in a wide ranging interview about the book, and his concerns in the age of president trump. president jimmy carter thank you s.ry much for talking with >> it's a great pleasure. thank you, judy. >> woodruff: as you point out in your book "faith: a journey for all," this is the third book that you've written out of what over 30 that has the word faith in it. >> that's true. >> woodruff: why did you want to caite this one? >> this kind of ulates my deep feelings about my religionb and kground in politics,

my attitude towards peace and human rights. and the truth and integrity and all the things in which you have faith: democracy, freed it combines the various meanings of faith which is the foundation of of confidence in yourself and in your fellow human beings. and i think it's a k to our existence. >> woodruff: that's pretty powerful, the key to our existence. what do you mean? >> well, there's a verse in the bible that says when jesus returns to earth will he find faith on earth. and you know if we lose faith in ourselves and our fellow human beings then i don't knowf we can continue to exist, particularly with the threat of nuclear warfare and the threat of global warming and things of that kind, where human beings

for the first time in history have brought about a threat to the existence of all living things on earth. ce we're going to have to learn how to live in pnd that's a long way to go. >> woodruff: the people who study this say we're having icwer wars, people fewer people are dying in con proportionally than centuries ago. but, but is it harder today to have faith than it was 1,000s yeo? >> yeah, i think to a great extent even in the ustates we've lost faith in democracy. we've lost faith in the integrity of our human beings. we've lost faith in ourselves, we've lost faith in the future, we've lo faith in the truth, we have much greater division, polarizationf american people than we ever had before. and we've lost faith in the future being better for our children than it h been for ourselves. so there's a lot of things in which we've lost faith in, including god. >> woodruff: why has that happened? >> we now have a development i america where the massive influx

of money into campaigns has elevated rich people, powerful people above the average person. so, we are moving toward an oligarchy of powerful elements of arich people compared t true democracy. and i think the other thing, besides the massive amount of money we've put into elections, is the gerrymandering of districts, which guarantees a continued polarization of people. we have a, we've got a situation now where the people who are in power impose a lot of punishment on unfortunate people. we have seven times as many people in prison now as we did when i left the white house, fot ce. we've got a much greater disparity of income amongth american we've ever had before. in fact, eight people in the morld, six of them are from america own as mucy as

half of the total population of the world. three and a half billion people. and america we have the sam problem maybe, even an exaggerated way. we have rginalized the average person for the benefit of the wealthier people in america. >> woodruff: there's a lot ofco ersation about president trump and his influence on our democracy today. what role has he played in all this? >> i think we now have much less respect for the truth. we have a much more careless approach to threats to human existence, that is nuclear weapons with our confrontation with north korea. we have abandoned the commitment that other nations have made in paris to do something about global warming. so, i think some of the problems have been escalated under trump. but the vast array of problems that we have in our american polical system long preceded when trump entered the political arena.o

>> woodruff:u believe his election was in part a result from all of those changes? >> i do. i think i think there was a kind of a feeling among average working people in america thaten they w getting a fair deal. >> woodruff: there's also teconversation president c around the coarsening of american politics, the language that's used, the invective. president trp of course is noted for his very strong language, forceful language in tss speeches and in his tw how do you see that and is that something the country can heal can be healed from, can change? >> i think we can heal it by a different elected top official. i think that the use of false but i think that the personal attack, ad hominem attack, on other candidates and the and the persal aspects of using fals information and the acceptance of falsehoods and the forgiving of lies has lowered the reect we have for truth and also for democracy in general. >> woodruff: it's been a

remarkably turbulent, .umultuous, some say, first 14 months in office how do you think he's doing? >> i don't think he's doing well. he's made some very serious mistakes. i think the worst istake he's made so far has been the appointmt of john bolton to be his national security adviser. i know bolton from way back at a distance, i've never met him personally, but he has been very eager to go to war withop different including north korea and iran. he's been in the forefront of ery kind of radical enhancement the u.s. can make based on its own military prowess. he's, he's told lies about things where i knew the truth. and so, i just have very little confidence in him. i'm not singling him out. but i think that i would get along quite well with this general mcmaster and i was

grieved to s him go. i've been talking to him several times about the noh korean situation. so, i think now he's surrounding himself as everyone knows with people who just agree with him almost entirely. >> woodruff: can you give an example of one of the lies john bolton told where you knew the opposite to be true. >> well, i was in cuba for instance on one of my trips down there and i had just been to the pharmaceutical plant which the cubans are very proud, they make medicines for a lot of t countries in the third world fo instand john bolton went on television because i was down there and said that the pharmaceutical plant was making weapons to be used in warfare in a secret way. i had already, i had been throh the entire plant with no restraints on where i went. and so i knew that that s not true. and he had a false

interpretation of what the security in the united states had put forward then and i knewo that he watelling the truth and he knew he was not telling the truth. oodruff: what's your wor about the people the president is now surrounding himself in foreign policy. mr. lton, pompeo... well, we're already on a path way with north korea of a nuclr confrontation, but wha they want is a guaraee that the united states will never attack them unilaters long as they remain at peace. and i hope that with tt commitment and we might have to makeome commitments on our part as well, concerning armed forces in south korea, that this would might be beneficial to both countries. >> woodruff: and you think that's feasible under this president with john bolton and secretary... th i'm not sure now. 's where the problem comes. i don't know. b joton has advocated several times that we go to war on a peremptory basis against

north korea and also against iran, as a matter of fact. and so and he and he was one of those who precipitated george bush's decision to go into iraq. the war is still not over. and soe's just been very warlike in his attitudes. and i hope that that doesn't sway president trump. >> woodruff: finally, you wereng quoted as sayi you hope that the special counsel robert mueller would wrap up his investigation his soon. at this point, s it's five months less than the watergate investigation. why not let him finishork? >> i think he will finish his workegardless of what i thin i just wish that he would finish his work earlier rather than later so that we could see if there is anythinlegally to be brought forward about president trump and his involvement in the, in the 2016 election.

because i think a lot of a future of politics in america is dependent on what mueller wi have come forward to allege. and so i think the longer thised is postpthe more damage we might see done including with the issues that i've already described, that is the nuclear weaponry and altercations with iran and with and with north korea and also with a global environment. so, i think the sooner the mueller makes his report the better off the country will beor one wahe other. >> woodruff: do you think he's taking too long? >> i have a lot of trust in mueller to expedite it as much as he can. i just hope that he will come to conclusion as soon as possible but it's up to him of course, ih whome complete confidence.

il>> woodruff: tomorrow we have more on my conversation with former president jimmy carter. he weighs in on the upcoming midterm elections and what he says is the greatest challenge fcin the n.r.a.'s political influence in the last 20 years. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: we speak ttwo friends who survived separate mass shootings. and national geographic addresses its own racist history. but first, the large numbers of homeless people living on the streets of orange county and other west coast communities are sible are the people who struggle to find and hang onto a stable, affordable place to live, many of them low-wage workers. special correspondent cat wise has a report from anaheim, california, as part of our ongoing chasing the dream

series.r: >> reporhere's a lot to be coppy about in anaheim california: a rerd-breaking 24.2 million tourists visited the city and its well-known eme parks last year. unemployment is low, hotels are full, restaurants are busy, and there's no shortbue of smiles. t away from the palm tree lined armain streets, there t neighborhoods ten seen by tourists, where tens of thousands of workers live who play a vital role in the region's booming economy. imny are making around min wage-- $11 an hour-- and housing is often a daily challenge. converted garages, spare bedrooms, motel rooms, cars, and tents have become shelters of necessity in thiarea which has some of the highest housing t costs county. >> the housing wage, that is how much someone has to make per hour to afford a basic apartment, is 24 to $26 an hour. and the folks who live in this

area earn somewhere between 11 to $13 an hour. >> reporter: jose moreno is an anaheim city council member whod representstrict with a large number of low-income workers. last year, anaheim declared a homeless state of emergency and moreno led a task force to study the problem. >> wages have stagnated, housing costs are going up. if you're not paying your workers a wage they can live on in the local economy, then that creates a lot of stress on the social system of the city. >> reporter: one of those who is struggling is 58-year-oldsh glynndana lin who has worked at disneyland for 30 years. she's a full-time lst in a v.i.nge at one of the resort's hotels and she's a member of a labor union which represents disney hotel andau rent workers. >> i love my job. i love the guests that come in. i have a panoramiciew of downtown disney, and both of the parks. >>oveporter: while shevlin l her job, and the health insurance she receives, she

doesn'love her pay. she makes $15.70 an hour. she has struggled for years to find stable, affordae housing. last summer a friend rented her a bedroom, a significant improvement over other places she's stayed including a shelter for women, motels, and friends' couches. but sheblin says she's barely making it mont ato month. >>work i'm happy-go-lucky, i look good, i look like i live a privileged life. but actually, to tell you the truth, when i come home, it's ag st. i haven't been able to shop this week. i couldn't pay rent this month. thingseep going up, but wages aren't. i feel like i'm a working poor, which is an oxymoron. you should not have to be po when you're orking! i'm working 40 hours a week. >> reporter: it's not hard to find others who are facing similar employment and housing hardships. in a nearby community, a $1,000- a-month converted garage with an outside shower and no kitchen is the current home of lupe acevedo, her mom, d five children.

the family receivegovernment assistance, but acevedo also works two minimum wage jobs at a small store and a food tru y. lastr they were in a motelan when we visited, she was worried she might have to move again. e my kids, they tell me, "mom is this going tor life?" they are afraid to live in the streets. f.ll do anything i can so that they can get a r >> reporter: although low hourly wages are common throughout every sector of the conomy, orangenty's largest employer, disneyland, attracts a lot of atteion. 30,0 full and part time employees, known as cast members, work there. a recent survey of the company's unfn employees, about 5,000 whom responded, found: "...me than 85% earn less than $15 an hour." and "almost three-quarters said they do not earn enough money for basic expenses every month."

>> 11% of disney workers have been homeless at some point in the last two years. >> reporter: late lath, the survey's authors, from occidental college and the nonpfit economic roundtable, presented their findings to a packed crowd. the survey was requested and funded by a coalition of resort labor unions, two of which are currently in contractti neions with disney. the company declined to do an on-camera intervthw but provided statement: "this inaccurate and unscientific survey was paid for by politically motivated labor unions and its results are deliberately distorted and do not reflect how the overwhelming majority of our 30,000 cast members feel about the company. while we recognize that socio- economic challenges exist forvi many people in southern california, we take pride in our employment experience. disney also noted it has created 4,000 jobs in the last five years, more thanny other orange county business, and it's

launching a new higher-ed and vocational training program for hourly work>>ers. t's bigger than one company. >> reporter: tom tait is aheim's mayor. he favors higher wages but says the problem of affordable chousing not be easily solved by local government.ve >> we tough time affecting the price of housing. with land is so e'sxpensive, very difficult to build something that is affordable. the problem is systemwide. everything is expensive. so we could help a few families here and there, but to help the thousands that we're talking about, tens of thousands, i don't see, there's nowhere near that kind of money. >> reporter: in the past, anaheim did have more money to help build affordable apartments complexes, like this one, using state redevelopment funds, but that money largely dried up in 2012. according to city records, just 300 units for low and very low income renters were built, or

rehabbed, between 2014 and 2016 some 30,000 w on a city a itlist for affordable housing and 20,000 are oitlist for section 8 federal housing vouchers. jose moreno is one of the few voes in city leadership wh believe developers should be required and incentivized to include affordable units in new ojects, or contribute to housing fund. >> the city don't have an affordable housing policy, so as a result we depend on the market to take care of this, and we know that the market is just not taking care of it. >> reporter: california's minimum wage will go up to $15 anour by 2022, but local unions don't want to wait that long. they're now trying to collect enough signatures to put a measure on the november ballot that would raise wages to $15 an hour next year. it would target large hospitality businesses who receive city subsidies, ing disneyland. for the pbs newshour, i'm cat wise in anaheim, california.

>> woodruff: among the hundreds of thousands of participants in last weekend's march for our lives rally in washington d.c., were two women who share an uncanny bond. william brangham spoke with these two educators in the days before the march, as part of our weekly series, "making the grade." >> i feel the change coming. >> angham: yvonne and diane have been friends for over 30 years.t they joined he thousands who traveled to wan,shing.c. this past weekend. they met decades ago working at a radio station in connecticut and over the years their lives have been strangely in sync. b theyoth married men at the tion.sta they each got their masters at the same university. they had kids at almost the exactly same times and they each 'scame librarians.

but herehere thoseim sarities turn tragic. in 2012, yvonne was a librarianh at sandyook elementary school in newtown,connecticut, and deanna is a librarian at marjory stoneman douglas high school in parkland, florida. >> it was just d totalisbelief because i thought how is that possible that, in ou rfriend group, there are -- you know, this has happened twice? sible? that pos and i kept thinking, it can't be true. (sirens) >> there has been a deadly shooting at an elementary school in newtown, con>>necticut. six years ago in newtown, a young man waked into the school with an ar-15 assault rifle andh began ooting. yvonne was preparing lessons for the day. >> it was a friday and it was a beautiful blue sky, december day, and i remember leving for work that morning and thiising, ths going to be a great day. ve brangham: yvonne and students surviby hiding in a

closet. it took several hours before she realized that others hadn't been so luck yrchghts when ey evacuated us to the firehouse nearby, that's wh we kind of understood the enormity ofwhat was going on. and when i got to the firehouse and heard that there were twoi classes of ldren missing, i thought, well, they must have found a place to hide lie we did, they must have had to have found a spot. >> 20anghamlementary school kids and six educators were killed that day. >> news of a scool shooting in shovel -- >> brangham: six years later,he anr young man with another ar5 walked into deanna's school, marjorystoneman douglas and started shooting. >> what is your rge? please help. is anybody injured? yes, a lot of blood. please help, please!

>> brangham: deanna was in a room with a dozens of kids when the attack began. you're thinking of yvonne and what she d d? >> yes, thought of her before it even happened. i was always trying tomy hav keys and my phone and my radio with me. if i didn't have a pocket, i would put a pouch on because of what she shared, how that people who didn't have a key were in trouble, or if you un't unlock or lock something, you had a problem. but then, of course, when it actually was happening, the adrenaline kicked in and my only focus was getting the kids in and safe and i- hadere were four other adults with me and 50 students, and i wanted them safe and hidden and calm, and that's what wed di. >> brangham: yvonne, could you tell us where you were when you hearwhat had happened in florida? >> i was at worin the library,

i was in a meeting, and i had my phone on mute, but i could tell that, you know, the phone was going crazy. so i excused myself from the meeting and i quickly called back. i said, what's going on? and it was our friend sue, and she said, the shooting was at deanna's school. and i thought, oka, i've got to talk to her. i've got to talk to her u she pickthe phone, and the first thing she said to me was how can we make this the laston >> brangham: that was the first thing you said? >> i guess.ar it'sto remember, but she remembers for me. yeah, because it's too hard to believe. it was like surreal. it was, like, this is really happening. it happened to you, it happened at our school, too? that was my first reaction, it cant happen again, it c't, so we have to do something.

>> brangham: both women are now a part of a club of sorts,s surviv these horrible tragedies, who are trying to help each other cope. >> i think my life is now sort of divided into before the shting and after the shooting, and not because i want to stayd focu it. i'm constantly trying to reframe my thinking so that i can sort of have a normal life, but the truth is that it's part of your life forever and, you know, when we talked to the teachers from columbine and i thought, you know, i said, you know, h t long dos take to get over? and they said, that's not how it works. you won't get over it. you will learn to coist with he. >> brangham: afterrk paland shooting, both diana and yvonne have been what the call reluctant activists for

comprehensive gun control. >> we both say we would much rather be doing a book club now than this. >> it's our sping break, right now. (laughter) >> but we find ourselves in a sition i think we can't be silent. we have an obln igat protect the children of this country and the only way to do that is to change -- move the needle, change it. and if the n.r.a. doesn't want to listen, i think they're going to be left behind. >> and i ink it's wrong to say you're going to solve a gun problem, gun violence problem by adding more guns. t st just doesn't make anse and you don't need to be a teacher to realize that. to arm a teacher, like, in the situations we both described, don't know how a gun would have helped us in our situation. >> reporter >> brangham: at times this past weekend, yvonne and deanna looked like twold friends

envoying each other's company. but at other moments. >> she survived san day and iiv surved douglas. >> brangham: the enoofrmit their experiences and this movement they joined was overwhelming. >> nobody said it was easy. >> brangham: but these friends say they will stick with this for as long as it takes. >> brangham:, for the pbs "n.cshour" in washington, >> woodruff: now, to a major of the nation's oldest magazines. "national geographic" is reckoning with editorial decisions of its past at a time when other major media outlets are tang a critical look at their legacies. newshour special correspondente charlanter gault reports as part of our ongoing race matters series. >> reporter: during the 130 years of its existence, "national geographic" has provided its rders with a unique lens through which to

view the world. but it has been a lens tt sometimes distorted some realities, especially those of peop of color, from america, where the only images were of domestic servants, to africa, where the only images were those of primitives, often unclothed or as savages, but now the magazi is turning that lens on itself, starting with it's april edition, devoted entirely to race. from its cover, to america's shifting demographics, to the legacy of dr. martin luther king jr., 50 years after his assassination. tht decision even involved an apology for the way "national geographic" covered race in the past, made by its editor, susan goldberg. rusan goldberg, thank you joining us. >> thank you so much. >> reporter: at what point did you realize there was something wrong about the portrayal ofop of color? >> well, i had certainly readhe stories overears of some

people feeling like thefr portrayal ofan americans in this country and some people in other countries really wasn't balanced, that african americans here and people of color here ire all but invisible, that peopother countries were sort of held up as exotics, if you will. >> reporter: primitives. >> yes, exactly. so when we decided to do an voted to race, i didn't think that we could do that in a credible way without looking at our own history. >> reporter: i read in america they were portrayed as nestics and not much else. why do you think they were portrayed in that way both here and thefrica. >> we asked an historian to help us undertake n.hat examinat >> reporter: why? because i thought it was important to get an outside perspective on our arc hives. vited in john edwin mason who is an historian of afric and also an historian who

specializes in photography and he seemed like the perfect person to help us. one of his points was "national geographic" in 1888 came of age at a time of colonialism, and, so, it was initially, anyway,ha through lens, the colonized and the lonizers that some of these stories were told.kn yo there's so much of our history that we're so proud of, that we have siters and explorers and scientists and researchers all over the world,m but it did feertant to me, if we were going to look at race, that we look at some of the things we weren't quite as deoud of. >> reporter: what ou think that was important? >> well, i literally don't think we could have been credible. we live in an age of transparency and we are at a nyment of some reckoning in our society, across ifferent subjects, and i truly thought that the only way we could have this conversation with our readers and seek to engender a conversation with our readers was first to talk a little bit

about oursves. >> reporter: what do you hope to achieve with this? i mean, we have a very interesting dynamic in this country today, everybody's talking about the toxic s.mosphere, the divisi >> well i think there is a toxic atmosphere as well, and there are a lot of divisions. what i hope we can do through a magazine and through our digital coverage is to have a saner conversation about what is race d what isn't race. that's why we have a great story about the science of race, which is to say that there science of race, everybody's the same under their skin, but really have a smart discussion about that. or look at why there's this opensity of humankind from the very beginning to put people who don't look like us in the camphe ofther. >> reporter: do you have hope about what you're doing, that it'sonna make a difference? >> i have hope because i do think things are better in our country than they we 20 years ago or 30 years ago. which isn't to say that there

aren't flashpoints and huge problems, and a lot of prejudice does remain, but one of the things tethink is so sting is how much the rate of inter marriage s grown. we actually have a story in the magazine about how now almost one in five marrges in the united states are to people across racial or ethnis. >> reporter: i'm looking over your shoulder at the cover oa black child and a white child, or at least that's how they appear, but they're twins. >> they're twins. andreporter: who are the how did you happen to put them on the cover? >> these girls because of w they present to the world are the visual manifestation of the fact tharace is skin deep. they have the same parents, they have the samancestry. >> reporter: father is white, black and mother's white? >> well, yes, father i think is of jamaican descent, mother is white.th 're sisters yet they could have different issues in life because of their appearance and that's something that we really need to work on. so one of the things we do in this issue is really lay out the

disparities among people of color and white people in the united stas, whether you're talking about education or health or longevity or income. there remain enormous disparities >> reporter: and you also are gonna do other editions that feature other people of color or different religions, tell me very briefly about which ones gose are gonna be. >> so in may we'na have a wonderful story about muslims in america, and really loat the diversity of muslim people in the united ates. then we've got a larti story about s, we're going to look at asian americans and also native america and look at how they're trying to reclaim their culture. then i think because of intermarriage and because of the way actually people describe themselves these days, we're going to look at people of mixed race, and this whole growing phenomenon. if you look at the census numbers, more and more people describe themselves not as blacke,not as whitut as of mixed race and--

>> reporter: and when you look in the street! >> so we're going to look at that as we. >> reporter: but at what point do all of those people become a normal part of your regular coverage, not that you're looking at them at month, but how do they get integrated into the whole? >> well now these other stories are not special issues, these are stories within issues, but i think your point is incredibly well taken. when i looked at the diversity of contributors that we had to this issue, we had a majority of people of color as writers, a majority of people of color as writers, what i thought was "hey that's really great, that we did it for this issue about race when we're going to be successful, when we're going to be where we should be, is when we do that for a regular issue, not just a race issue." >> reporter: alright y mentioned the changing demographics, and one of the stories, i'm looking at it now, ethe rising anxiety of wh amera, because apparently of the growing demographic ofr.

people of colo how do you ee that anxiety? >> well the story is just a wonderful exploratn of that issue, and talks about what fuels that anxiety. i actually think the onlway that anxiety is eased by people interacting with each other in real time, in real life, in those communities. so the more people know each other, theetter it is. i think i heard somebody say once, "it's hard to hate up close," and i really do believe that. >> reporter: well susan goldberg, thank you for joining us, it's a wonderful issue andll good luck withhe ones in the future. >> thank you so much. >> woodruff: next, we turn to another installment of our weekly brief but spectacular series where we ask people about their passions. dame stephanie shirley founded the software company "freelance programmers" in england in 1962, which of employment to women with children.

the company would go on to become wildly successful with af valuatio4.2 billion. fome stephanie now spends her time as an advocatautism, an issue she has a personal connection to. >> you can always tell ambitious women by looking at the shape of their heads.at they're n top from being patted patronizingly and i'm sick of it. i was an unaccompanied child refugee who came to this country on the kindertransport in 1939. i was five years old and it was, indeed a very traumatic 2.5 day journey across europe and it has driven my whole life. that's who i am. and even 75 years later, i stile el that need to justify my

survival. going into business was really not a natural for me.al i'm much more interested in public service. but i'd come across the glass ceiling in a very good employer, i said, i'm sick of being patronized as a jew, patronized as a woman, i'm going to do my own thing. i suddenly had this idea that il set up a company that wasy a comp women, for women selling software, which at that time, was given away free with the hardware, so everybody laughed. you can't sell software and certainly not as a woman. i had such difficulty with thisn double fe name if bstephanie shirley, shirlng my marital name. my dear husband suggested that i use the family nicame of steve, and so i started signing

my letters as steve shiry and i began to get some response a i'd be through that door and shaking hands with somebody that he was a she. women's careers are often linked with our child rearing. our only child, giles, was a lovely baby, and i know every mother says that. but then, at 2.5 years old, he lost the little speech that he had and turned into a wild, unmanageable toddler. the bombshell diagnosis was the he was profoundly autistic and he never spoke again. so, that tragedy really drove the second part of my life and why i now work in autism, not computing. i've funded a whole lot of medical research into the causet ofm.

i can talk with other parents autism because i have be through the hell that they're going through. i like to do new things. i'm a starter of things. i like to make new things happen. the re successful an organization or a project, the less i bome interested and the less i have to contribute. so, i'm an entrepreneur. my name is dame stephanie shirley, and this is my ief but spectacular take on making things happen.uf >> woo and we thank stephanie for things to remember. you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. later tonight on pbs, independent lens presents a filt about one most defiant feminists of the 20th century. "dolores" profiles dolores huerta, who cofounded the first farmworkers union alongside cesar chavez. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again herng tomorrow eve for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you

soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> my dad once saihato me, trageda way of defining people. >> what the hell happened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a crime scene. >> we tell the truth-- or at least, our version of it. ator, when can we expect some answers? >> we're in this deeper than i >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. d >> what havee? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and

security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour prodtions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

elyse: we're the history detectives, and we're going to investigate some untold stories from . this week: did this record play a dramatic role in the allied victory during the sond world war? gwendolyn: does this letter link america's fifth president to the high-seas piracy of s in the early 1800s? tukufu: anes in an encore prtation, does this bar of solid silver hold a secret from one of spain's most valuable shipwrecks? elvis cost tlo: ♪ watchi detectives ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded 'cause he's got no heart♪