captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonigh california sues the trump administration over a new census question on citizenship, arguing it violates constitutional rights. then, my conversation with former president jimmy carter-- we talk the current state of the trump administration and what to do about north korea. >> we're already on a pathway with north korea of a nuclear confrontation, but what they want is a guarantee that the united states will never attack them unilaterally. >> woodruff: plus, two friends, both librarians, and survivors of different school shootings use their shared experience to fight for change. >> it's too hard to believe. it was like surreal.th it was lik is really happening. it happened to you its happening

at our school too? so yeah that was my first reaction. this can't happen ag >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. p>> major funding for the newshour has been provided by: >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. d by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: the state of louisiana will not file criminal charges against two white police officers in the fatal shooting of a black man in 2016. alton sterling was killed in a o struggside a convenience store. federal officials had already decided not to bring civil rights charges against the, officed today, the state attorney general followed suit.i >> oestigation has concluded that officers lake ant onlamoni att to make a lawful arrest of aterling based upon probable cause. during that encounte sterling continued to resist the officers' efforts to arrest him. >> woodruff: the two officers said they found a loaded gun in sterling's pocket, and landry said today is likely he was under the influence of drugs.er

but ng's family rejected the findings, and called the shooting unjustified. >> they took a human away. they took a father away. they took somebody away that did not deserve to be away. the way they killed him was in cold blood. >> woodruff: the sterling incident led to widespread protests, and days later, a black military veteran shot and killed three baton rouge police officers. meanwhile, california's attorney general is joining the investigation into the killing of an unarmed black man in sacramento. two officers fired 20 times at stephon clark in the march 18 incident. they said they thought he had a gun. it turned out to be a cell- phone. a former dean at michigan state university was charged today in widening sexual abuse scandal. william strampel appeared int co charges that he failed to monitor larry nassar, theto sports dconvicted of

abusing young gymnasts. a strampel is alused of harassing female students and pressing them for nudes. the list of nations expelling rueian diplomats climbed ab two dozen today, with australiar anand joining in. it's aimed at punishing moscow for allegey poisoning a former double agent in britain. but in uzbekistan, the russianre n minister promised his country will retaliate. >> ( translated ): we will undoubtedly respond, because nobody wants to tolerate suc boorish behavior and we will not either. we know that this is the result of colossal pressure, colossal blackmail which is now unfortunately the main tool of washington on the international arena. >> woodruff: the united states announced monday that it's kickingut 60 russian diplomats and closing the russian consulate in seattle. thousands of russians protested today in the siberian city of kemerovo, demanding a full investigation of a shopping mall

fire. officials say at least 64 people died in sunday's blaze. angry crowds turned out to dispute the official death toll. parents showed photos of their children that died. nearby, russian president vladimir putin laid flowers at of the fire and blamed criminal negligence. >>s translated ): wha happening here? this isn't war, it's not a spontane a mine.ne outburst in we're talking about losing so many people. why? because of some criminal negligence, because of slovenlineis. how could ver happen? >> woodruff: putin has declared tomorr a national day of mourning across russia. speculation irled today around an armored train that may have carried north korean leader kim jong un to china and back again. heightened security around beijing drove reports that kim was on the train. it would have been his first trip abroad as leader. the unconfirmed visit came in

advance of kim's possible summit with president trump in may. in syria, war monitors say another 7,000 people left the ravaged eastern ghouta suburbs of damascus today. rebels and their families boarded buses bound for camps near the turkish border. the russians arranged itaf r a fierce syrian government assault. >> ( translated ): the regime made us displaced people following torture, shelling, siege and starvation. there was no medical aid, no food, no water. we had been sitting inside a basement for two months. we are living an impossible life and we left by a miracle. >> woodruff: thousands more rebels and civilians have evacuated the area since lastwe . back in this country, kentuckyer lawmhave passed legislation to ban a common, medically-proven abortiost procedure 1 weeks of pregnancy. bo would be of the country's most restrictiveion laws, and now waits for the republican awgovernor to sign it into

former u.s. supreme court justice john paul stevens is calling for repeal of the second amendment, to make gun control possible in a "new york times" essay, he writes that real would "move saturday's marchers closer to their objective than any other possible reform." stevens opposed the court's 2008 decision that found the second amendment guarantees g ownership. facebook c.e.o. mark zuckerberg declined today to appear before a british parliamentary committee investigating "fake news." instead, he offered to send other senior executives. separately, u.s. congressional committees are asking zuckerbero to testify use of facebook user data in the 2016 elections. wall street backed up today, as facebook's troubles helped drag down tech stocks. the dow jones industrial average lost nearly 345 points to close at 23,857.

the nasdaq fell 211 points, nearly 3%, and the s&p 500 dropped 46. and, three former presidentseu gized former georgia governor and senator zell miller at his fun jimmy carter, bill clinton and george w. bush remembered miller as a bipartisan force whoeo transcended gy. he was a democrat, but he backed bush in 2004. still to come on the newshour: why a citizenshicoquestion could romise the accuracy of the u.s. census. former president jimmy carter on north korea, the tru administration. low-wage workers struggling to keep a roof over their heads, and much more. >> woodruff: the u.s. department of commerce announced monday it plans to add back a question on

citizenship status to the 2020 census. commerce secretary wilbur ross explained the move on fox business this morning. >> we've heard from people on all sides of the equation. we've done elaborate analyses thin the department, and we've concluded that the benefits to the voting rights act enforcement of asking the question outweighs these other >> woodruff: the state of california is suing the administration, callinmove unconstitutional. california attorney general xavier becerra said today it would lead to an inaccurate he count. >> certainly we know for many people in this country, as a result of the broken immigration system, there are manyo individuals ght fear participating in the census, if a question about citizenship i asked. >> woodruff: there was mixed reacon from members of congress. house minority leader nancy pelo called it "detrimental, while republican senator ted cruz of texas said the census

update is "common sense." the departmentf justice originally requested the change, and in a statement to the newsur, the agency said that it "looks forward to defending the reinstatement of the citizenship question, which will allow the department to protect the right to vote and ensure free and fair elections for all americans." here to discuss this census shift is kenneth pre he's a former head of the u.s. census bureau and now a professor at columbia university. >> i believe it will result in a less accurate ana less inclusive census than we would have hed without this qustion being put on the census at the last minute. >> woodruff: why? um, i think it's going to frighten people, certain segmenpo of thlation. we're already dealing with a lack of trust in the government, and we're certainly dealing with an immigration crisis about how we're rounding people up and so forth, and i thinthe citizenship question will come across as a statement that some

peoplebelong here and others don't, but that's not what the constituodon says. >> wff: among other things, the administration is pointing out they've already been asking this quon on some census surveys over a number of years so that it's not that different from what they've done. >> no, it's asked on a number of places and the census bureau does a very accurate job of having very accurate reports open the citizenship of the population. it's used to advance the voting rights act, it works very well. so t extra but in a highly visible way. nothing is as visible as the tecinial census and i think it will attract aion and not all of it will be welcome. >> woodruff: the informationed gathy the census, is it shared with the department of justice forks plam >> only in the aggregate. of course, it's shared with the entire public in the aggregate

but not ever an individual record. >> woodruff: so, in terms of individual immigrant, you were saying being fearful of talking to a censu taker, their information is not something that would be passed on and acted on bye government? >> no, it's not easy to convince everybody in the american public that that is tu if you lived in a home that were, say, half immigrants, halh citizenslf noncitizens, and you're even a citizen and you get to thapart of the form where you have to list the third or fourth person and they're not a citizen, i jusnkthieople will be very uncomfortable doing that. we know abt the raids and so forth. i'm not saying that's going to happen. i'm only saying how the public will respond to this. >> woodruff: what are the consuences of not getting an accurate count? y create an unfairness

beiuse most of the big ben from a census are proportionate to population size. that includes, of course, redistricting, it includesnm reapportts and federal moneys. $6 trillion will be spent onul fo based upon the 2020 census over the next 10 years, a and a state group that is less counted than another one is going to goet less its share of money, less of its share ofca polivoice. >> woodruff: and, in fact, some people are already pointing out that, among those states or districts that voted heavily for president trump in the election, some of them may stand to lose or gain federal funds as a sult of the census? how do you see that? s >> veteranool teachers, transportation officials, these are all programs that depend upon the census data, and a bad count means that they are going to suffer from the absence ofu

having theirl numbers represented in the census. >> woodruff: the question has been raised inerms owho's going to be affected by this uncensus co whether it is correct or not, and we have a map heso showingme of -- these are the fastest growingat immigrant popns in the country, and most of these states were states where president trump won em in 2016. how do you see the impact in these states? >> well, in tse states, the will still be undercounted, and they will not have political voice in that respect. let me just say it this way- we've never had a polarized census, one in which the puic can experience as, oh, there's a democratic side and a republicai . i think that's a very dangerous place for the country to be. i think this census has alway been the census bureau is not political. the numbers, of course, are political, but not the process of counting the american people. i think what we're stepping into

is a condition where we're going to polarize the cnsus, an that's not healthy, and i can imagine a lot of people not asing as cooperate i they might have otherwise bee >> woodruff: do you think that necessarily benefits one political party or another? >> i tnk it'unpredictable. it will, but i don't want to say it's going to favor the democrats or the republicans, i don't even know that and i don't think anyone knows that. i don't think it was intentionally done that way, but i thinkt's going to have consequences which is simply ingoing to lead toccuracy and unfairness, irrespective ofo' suffering or rewarded in this. >> woodruff: kenneth prwett, former director of the united states census, thank you very much. it was my pleasure, thank you, judy. >> woodruff: more than 40 years

have passed since a peanut farmer from plains, georgia captured the white house, amid e of national upheaval. former president jimmy carter served one term, but has spent the decades since playing many roles: statesman, peacemaker, humanitarian, and as author: the 39th president is out with his 32nd book, a meditation he calls "faith: a journey for all." i spoke with him yesterday in a wide ranging interview about the bookand his concerns in the age of president trump. president jimmy carter thank you very much for talking with us. >> it's a great pleasure. thank you, judy. woodruff: as you point out in your book "faith: a journey for alis is the third book that you've written out of what over 30 that has the word faith in it. >> that's true. >> woodruff: why did you want to write this one? >> ts kind of encapsulates m eldeep feelings about my rion and my background in politics, my attitudtowards peace and human rights.

and the truth and integrity and all the things in which you have faith: demracy, freedom and it combines the various meanings of faith which is the foundation of of confidence in yourself and in your fellow human beings. and i think it's a key to our existence. woodruff: that's pretty powerful, the key to our existence. what do you mean? >> well, there's a verse in the bible that says when jesusrn reto earth will he find faith on earth. and you know if we lose faith in ourselves and our fellow human beings then i don't know if we can continue to exist,ic paarly with the threat of nuclear warfare and the threat of global warming and things of that kind, where human beings for the first time in history

have brought about a threat to the existence of all living things on earth. so we're going to have to learn how to live in peace and that's a long way to go. >> woo study this say we're having fewer wars, people fewer people are dyg in conflicts proportionally than centuries ago. but, but is it harder today to have faith than it was 1,000 years ago? >> yeah, i think to a great extent even in the united states we've lostaith in democracy. we've lost faith in the integritof our human beings. we've lost faith in ourselves, we've lost faithn the future, we've lost faith in the uth, we have much greater division, polarization of american peoe than we ever had before. and we've lost faith in the future being better for our children than it has been for ourselves. so there's a lot of things in which we've lost faith in, including god. >> woodruff: why has thated happ >> we now have a development in america where the massive influx of money into campaigns has

elevated rich people, powerful people above the average person. so, we are moving toward an oligarchy of powerful elements of rich people mpared to a true democracy. and i think the other thing, besides the massive amount of money we've put into elections, is the gerrymandering of districts, which guarantees a continued polarization of people. we have a, we've got a situatioo where the people who are in power impose a lot of punishment on unfortunate people. we have seven times as many people in prison now as we did when i left the white house, for instance. we've got a much gofater disparitncome among americans than we've ever had befo. in fact, eight people in the world, six of them are from america n as much money as half of the total population of the world.

three and a half billion people. and in america we ha the same problem maybe, even an exaggerated way. we have marginalized t average person for the benefit of the wealthier people in america. >> woodruff: there's a lot ofbo conversation president trump and his influence on our democracy today. what role has he played in all this? ut i think we now have much less respect for the we have a much more careless approach to threats an existence, that is nuclear weapons with our confrontation with north korea. we have abandoned the commitment that other nations have made in paris to do something about global warming. so, iom thinkof the problems have been escalated under trump. but the vast array of problems that we have in our american political system long preceded when trump entered the politica. ar >> woodruff: do you believe his election was in part a result

from all of those changes? >> i do.th i think k there was a kind of a feeling among average working people in america that they weren't gettingr deal. >> woodruff: there's also conversationresident carter ound the coarsening of american politics, the language that's used, the invective. president trump of course is noted for his very strong languageforceful language in his speeches and in his tweets. how do you see that and is that something the country can heal can be healed from, can change? >> i think we can heal it by a different elected top official. i think that the use of false but i think that the personal attackad hominem attack, on other candidates and the and the personal aspects of using false information and the acceptance of falsehoods and the forgiving of lies has lowered the respect we have for truth and also for democracy in general. >> woodruff: it's been a remarkably turbulent, tumultuous, some say, first 14

nths in office. how do you think he's doing? >> i don't think he's doing well. he's made some very serious mistakes. i think the worst istake he's made so far has been the appointment of john bolton to be his national security adviser. i know bolton from way back at a distance, i've never met himrs ally, but he has been very eager to go to war with ndifferent people includith korea and iran. f he's been in tefront of every kind of radical ehancement the u.s. can m based on its own military prowess. he's, he's told lies about things where i knew the truth. and so, i just have very little confidence in him.no i'singling him out. but i think that i would get along quite well with this general mcster and i was grieved to see him go.ve

een talking to him several times about the north korean situation. so, i think now he's surrounding himself as everyone knows with people who just agree with him almost entirely. >> woodruff: can you give an example of one of the lies john bolton told where you knew the opposite to be true. >> well, i was in cuba for instance on one of my trips down there and i had just been to the pharmaceutical plant which the cubans are very proud, they make medicines for a lot of the countries in the third world for instance, and john bwent on television because i was down there and said that the pharmaceutical plant was making weapons to be used in warfare in i had already, i had been through the entire plant with ns restran where i went. and so i knew that that was not true. and he had a false interpretation of what the

security in the united states had put forward then and i knew ethat he was not telling truth and he knew he was not telling the truth. >> woodruff: whaous your worry the people the president is now surrounding himself in foreign poli. mr. bolton, pompeo... >> well, we're already on a path way with north korea of a nuclear confrontation, but what they want is a guarantee that the united states will never attack tm unilaterally as long as they remain at peace. and i hope that with that commitment and we might have to make some commitmes on our part as well, concerning armed forces in south korea, that this would might be beneficial to both countries. >> woodruff: and you think that's feasible under this president with john bolton and secretary... he i'm not sure now. that's whereroblem comes. vodon't know. john bolton has ted several times that we go to war on a peremptory basis against north korea and also against

t.an, as a matter of f and so and he and he was one of those who precipated george bush's decision to go into iraq. the war is still not over. and so he's just beevery warlike in his attitudes. and i hope that that doesn't sway president trump. >> woodruff: finally, you were thquoted as saying you hop the special counsel robert soeller would wrap up his investigation hi. at this point, it's five or six months less than the watergate investigation. why not lehim finish his work? >> i think he will finish his work regardless ofhat i think. i just wish that he would finish his work earlier rather than later so that we could see if there is anything legally to b brought forward about president trump and his involvent in the, in the 2016 election. because i think a lot of a

future of politics in america is dependent on what mueller will have come forward to allege. and so i think the longer this is postponed, the moree we might see done including with the issues that i've already described, that is the nuclear weaponry and altercations with iran and with and with north korea and also with a global environment. so, i think the sooner the mueller makes his report the better off the country will be one way or the other >> woodruff: do you think he's taking too long? >> i have a lot of trust in mueller to expedite it as much as he can.op i justthat he will come to a conclusion as soon as possible but it's up to him of course, in whom i have complete confidence. >> woodruff:omorrow we will ve more on my conversation

with former president jimmy carter. he weighs in on the upcoming midterm elections and what he says is the greatest challenge fcing the n.r.a.'s political influence in the last 20 years. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: we speak to two friends who survived separate mass shootings.an national geographic addresses its own racist history. but first, the large numbers of homeless people living on the streets of orange county and other west coast communities are but less visible are the people who struggle to find and hang onto a stable, affordable placel e, many of them low-wage workers. special correspondent cat wise has a report from anaheim, california, as part of our ongoing chasing the dreamse ries.

t>> reporter: there's a lbe happy about in anaheim california: a record-breaking 24.2 million tourists visited a the cind its well-knownst theme parkear. unemployment is low, hotels are full, restaurants are busy, and e of smiles.th but away from e palm tree lined main stree, there are neighborhoods not often seen by tourists, where tens of thousands of workers live who play a vital role in the region's booming economy. many are making ound minimum wage-- $11 an hour-- and housing is often a daily challge. converted garages, spare bedrooms, motel rooms, cars, and tents have become shelters of necessity in this area which has some of the highest housing costs in the county. >> the housing wage, that is how much someone has to make per hour to afford a basic apartment, is 24 to $26 an hour. and the folks who live in this area earn somewhere between 11

to $13 an hour. >> reporter: jose moreno is an anaheim city council member who reesents a district with a large number of low-income workers. last year, anaheim declared a homeless state of emergency and moreno led a task force to study the problem. >> wages have stagnated, housing costs are going up. if you're not paying your workers a wage they can live on in the local economy, then that creates a lot of stress on the cial system of the city.te >> repr: one of those who is58 struggling is ear-old glrkndana shevlin who has woed at disneyland for 30 years. she's a full-time host in a v.i.p. lounge at one of the resort's hotels and she's a whmember of a labor union ich represents disney hotel and restaurant workers >> i love my job. i love the guests that come in. i have a panoramic view of downtown disney, and both of tha rks. >> reporter: whilehevlin loves her job, and the health insurance shreceives, she doesn't love her p.70

she makes $15. an hour. she has struggled for ars to find stable, affordable housing. last summer a friend rented her a bedroom, aignificant improvement over other places she's stayed including a shelter for women, motels, and friends' couches. but sheblin says she's barely making it month to month. >> at work i'm happy-go-lucky, i look good, i look like i live a privileged life. but actually, to tell you the truth, when i come home, it's a struggle. i haven't been able to shop this week. r i couldn't pent this month. things keep going up, but wages aren't. i feel like i'm a working poor, which is an oxymoron. you should not have to be poor en you're working! i'm working 40 hours a week. >> reerportit's not hard to find others who are facing similar employment and housing hardships. in a nearby community, a $1,000- a-month converted garage with an outside shower and no kitchen ir the cuent home of lupe acevedo, her mom, and five children.

the family receives government assistance, but acevedo also works twnimum wage jobs at a small store and a food truck. last year they were in a motelte and when we vi she was worried she might have to move again. >> my kids, they tell me, "mom is ts going to be our life?" they are afraid to live in the streets. i'll do anything i can so that they can get a roof. >> reporter: altugh low hourly wages are common throughout every sector of the economy, orange county's lar employer, disneyland, attracts a lot of attention. 30,000 full and part time employees, known as cast members, work there. a recent survey of the company's union employees, about 5,000 of whom responded, found: "...more than 85% earn less than $15 an hour." and "almost three-quarters said they do not earn eugh money for basic expenses every month."

>> 11% of disney workers have been homeless at some point in the last two years. >> reporter: late last month, the survey's authors, fromoc dental college and the nonprofit economic roundtable, presented their findings to a packed crowd. the survey was requested and funded by a coalition of resort labor un currently in contract negotiations with disney. the company decled to do an on-camera interview but provided this statement: "this inaccurate and unscientific survey was paid edfor by politically motiv labor unions and its results are delibe not reflect how the overwhelming majority of our 30,000 cast me.ers feel about the compa while we recognize that socio- economichallenges exist for many people living in southern ake pride in our employment experience. disney also noted itas created 4,000 jobs in the last five years, more than any other ghange county business, and it's launching a new -ed and vocational training program for

hourly workers.h >> it's biggan one company. >> reporter: tom tait is anaheim's mayor. he favors higher wages but says the problem of affordable housing can not be easily solved by local government. >> we have a tough t affecting the price of housing. with land is so expensive, it's very difficult to build something that is affordable. the problem is systemwide. everything is expensive. so we could help a few families here and there, but to help the thousands that we're talking about, tens of thousands, i don't see, there's nowhere near that kind of money. >> reporter: in the past, anaheim did have more money to help build affordable apartmente comple like this one, using state redevelopment funds, but that money largely dried up in 2012. according to city records, just 300 units for low and very lowrs income renere built, or rehabbed, between 2014 and 2016.

so 30,000 are now on a cit waitlist for affordable housing and 2000 are on a waitlist for section 8 federal housing f uchers. jose moreno is onee few voices in city leadehip who believe developers should be required and incentivized to neclude affordable units i projects, or contribute to a housing fund. >> the city doesn't have an affordable housing policy, so as a result we depend on the market to take care of this, and we know that the market is just not taking care of it. >> reporter: california's minimum wage will go up to $15 an hour by 2022, b local unions don't want to wait that long. they're now trying to collect enough signatures to put a measure on the november ballot that would raise wages to15 an hour next year. it would target large hospitality businesses who receive city subsidies, including disneyland. for the pbs newshour, i'm cat wise in anaheim, california.

>> woodruff: among the hundreds of thousands of participants in last weekend's march for oury lives ra washington d.c., were two women who share an pocanny bond. william brangham with these two educators in the days before the march, as pa of our weekly series, "making the grade." >> i feel the change coming. >> brangham: yvnne and diane have been friends for over 30 years. they joined the thousands who traveled to washington, d.c. this past weekend. they met decades ago working at a radio station in connecticut and over the years their lives have been strangely in sync. they both married men at the same station. theyeach got their masters atni the sameversity. they had kids at almost the exactly same times and they eah became librarians. tt here's where those

similarities turagic. 2012, yvonne was a librarian at sandy hook elemeschool in newtown, connecticut, and deanna is a librarian at marjory stoneman douglas high school in parkland, florida. >> it was justtotal disbelief because i thought how is that possible that, in our frind group, there are -- you know, this has happened twice? how is that possible? and i kept thinking, it can't be true. (sirens) >> there has been a deadly shooting at an elementary school in newtown, connecticut. >> six years ago in newtown, a young mainwalked the school with an ar-15 assault rifle and began shooting. yvonne was preparing lessons for the day. >> it was a friday and it was a beautiful blue sky, december day, and i remember leaving for eork that morning and thinking, this is going to ba great da>> rangham: yvonne and students survived by hiding in a closet. it took se sral hours beforee

realized that others hadn't been so luck yrchghts when they evacuated us to the firehouse nearby, that's when we kind of understood the enormity of what was going on. and when i got to the firehouse and heard te at thre two classes of children missing, iel thought, they must have found a place to hide like we did, they mu have had to have found a spot. >> branghamar: 20 eleme school kids and six educators were killed that day. >> news of a school shooting in shovel -- >> brangham: six years later, another young man wih another ar-15 walked to deanna's school, marjoryne ston douglas and started shooting. >> what is you?r marge please hel is anybody injured? yes, a lot of blood. please hellp, pease! >> brangham: deanna was in a

om wita dozens of kids when the attack began. you're thinking of yvonne and what she did? >> yes, and i thoug her before it even happened. i was always trying to hae my keys and my phone and my radio with me. if i didn't have a pocket, i uld put a pouch on because of what she shared, how that people who didn'treave a key we in trouble, or if you couldn't unlock or lock something, you had a problem. but then, of course, when it actually was happening, the adrenaline kicked in and my onl focus was getting the kids in and safe and i had -- there were four other adults with me and 5n st, and i wanted them safe and hidden and calm, andhat's what we did. >> brangham: yvonne, could you tell us where you were when you heard what had hapened in florida? >> i was at work in the library, i was in a meeting, and i had my

phone on mute, but i could tell that, you know, e phone was going crazy. so i excused myselfrom the meeting and i quickly called back. i said, what's going on? and it was ourr fiend sue, and she said, the shooting was at deanna's school. and i thoug, okay, i'e got to talk to her. i've got to talk to her. she picked up thphone, and the first thing she said to me was how can we make thiass the one? >> brangham: that was the first thing you id? >> i guess. it's hard to remember, but she remembers for me. yeah, because it's too hard to believe. rreal. like su it was, like, this is really happening. it happened to you, it haened at our school, too? that was my first reaction, it can't happen agin, it can't, we have to do something. >> brangham: both women are now a part of a club of sorts,

survivors of these horrible tragedies, who are trying to help each her cope. >> i think my life is now sort of divided into before the shooting and afr the shooting, and not because i want to stay focused on it. i'm constantly trying to reframe my thinking so that i can sort of have a normal life, but the truth is that it's part of your life forever and, you know, when we talked to the teachers from columbine and i thought, you know, i said, you know, how long does this take to get over? and they said, that's not how it works. you won't get over it. you will learn to co-exist with it. in brangham: after the parkland shoot both diana and yvonne have been what they call reluctant activists for comprensive gun control. >> we both say we would much

rather be doing a book club now than this. >> it's our spring break, right now. (laughter) >> but we find ourselves ihia position i we can't be silent. we have an obligation torotect the children of this country and the only way to do that is to change -- move the needle, change it. and if the n.r.a. doesn't want to listen, i think they're goine to bet behind. >> and i think it's wrong to say you're going to solve a gun problem, gun violence problem by adding more guns. that just doesnt make any sense and you don't need to be a teacher to realize that. to arm aacher, like, in the situations we both described, i' know how a gun would have helped us in our situation. >> reporter brangham: at times this past weekend, yvonne and deanna looked like two old friends envoying each other's company. o

st atther moments. >> she survived day and i survived douglas. >> brangham: the eno rmity of their experiences and this movement they joined was overwhelming. >> nobody said it was easy. >> brangham: but these friends say they will stitck wih this for as long as it takes. >> brangham:, for the pbs "newshour" in wshington, d.c. woodruff: now, to a maj move made by one of the nation's oldest magazines. "national geographic" is reoning with editorial decisions of its past at a time when other major media outlets are taking a criticalook at their legacies. newshour special correspondent charlayne hunter gauorts as part of our ongoing race matters series. >> reporter: during the 130 years of its existence, "national geographic" has provided its readers with a unique lens through which to view the world. but it has been a lens that

sometimes distorted some realities, especially those of people of color, froamerica, where the only images were of domestic servants, to africa, where the only images were those of primitives, often unclothed or as savages, but now the magazine is turning that lens on itself, starting with it's april edition, devoted entirely to race. from its cover, to america's shifting demographics, to the legacy of dr. martin luther king jr., 50 years ter his assassination. that decision even involved an apology for the way "national geographic" covered race in the past,ts made byditor, susan goldberg. susan goldberg, thank you for joining us. >> thank you so much. >> reporter: at what point didiz you rethere was something wrong about the portrayal of people of colo >> well, i had certainly read meories over the years of people feeling like the nsrtrayal of african ameri

in this country and some people countries really wasn't balanced, that african americans here and people of color here were all butnvisible, that people in other countries were sort of held up as exotics, if you will. >> reporter: primitives. >> yes, exactly. so when we decided to do an issue devoted to rack i didn't that we could do that in a credible way without looking at our own history. >> reporter: i read in america they were portrayed as nestics and not much else. why do you think they were portrayed in that way both here and the africa. >> we asked an historiano help us undertake that examination. >> reporter: why? because i thought it was important to get an outside perspective on our archives. we invited in john edwin mason who is an historian of africas and o an historian who specializes in photography and he seemed like the perfect person to help us.

one of his points was "national geographic" in 1888 came of age at a time ofolonialism, and, so, it was initially, anyway, through that lens, the colonized and the colonizers tht soe of muese stories were told. you know there's s of our history that we're so proud of, thate have sent writers and explorers and scientists and researchers all over the world, but it did feel important to me, t we were going to look at race, that we lookme of the things we weren't quite as proud of. >> reporter: what made you think that was portant? >> well, i literally don't think we could have been credible. we live in an age ofar trancy and we are at a moment of some reckoning in our societ across many different subjects, and i truly thought that the only way we could have this conversation with our readers and seek to engender a conversation with our reader was first to talk a little bit about ourselves.

>> reporter: what do you hope to achieve with this? i mean, we have a very interesting dynamic in this country today, everybody's talking about the toxic atmosphere, the divisions. >> well i think there is a toxie atmosps well, and there are a lot of divisions. what i hope we can do through a d through our digita coverage is to have a saner conversation about what is racer and what isne. that's why we have a great story about the science of race, which is to say scat there is no nce of race, everybody's the same under their skin, but really have a smart discussionat about or look at why there's thishu propensity onkind from the very beginning to put people who don't look like us in the camp of the other.te >> rep do you have hope about what you're doing, that it's gonna make a difference?e >> i hpe because i do think things are better in our country than they were 20 years ago or 30 years ago. which isn't to say that there aren't flapoints and still ge problems, and a lot of prejudice does remain, but one

of the things i think is so interesting is how much the rate of inter marriage has grown. we actually have a story in the magazine about how now almost one in five marriages in the united states are to people across racl or ethnic lines. >> reporter: i'm looking over your shoulder at the cover of a black child and a white child, or at least that's how they appear, but they're twins. >> they're twins >> reporter: who are they and how did you happen to put them on the cover? >> these girls because of how they present to the world are the visual manifestation of the fact that race is skineep. they have the same parents, they have the same ancestry. >> reporter: father is white, black and mother's white? >> well, yes, father i think is of jamaican descent, mother is white.s they're sistt they could have different issues in life because of their appearance ands thomething that we really need to work on. so one of the things we do ith issue is really lay out the disparities among people of color and white people in the

united states, whether y're talking about education or health or longevity or income. there remain enormous disparities >> reporter: and you also are gotonna dr editions that feature other people of color or different religions, tell me very briefly about which ones those are gonna be. >> so in may we're gonna have a wonderful stout muslims in america, and really looking at the diversity of muslim people in the united states. then we've got a large story about latinos, we're to look at asian americans and also native americans and look atow they're trying to reclaim their culture. then i think because of intermarriage and because of the way actually people describe themselves these days, we're going to look at people of mixed race, and this whole growing phenomenon. if you look at the census numbs, more and more people describe themselves not as black, not as white, but as of mixed race and-- >> reporte and when you look in the street!

>> so we're going to look at that as well. >> reporter: but at what point do all of those people become a normal part of your regular coverage, not that you're looking at them that month, but how do they get integrated into the whole? >> well now these other stories are not special issues, these are stories within issues, but i think your point is incredibly well taken. when i looked at the diversity of contributors that we had toue this iwe had a majority of le of color as writers, majority of people of color as writers, what i thought was "hey that's really great, t did it for this issue about race. when we're going to be e,ccessful, when we're going to be where we shoulds when we do at for a regular issue, not just a race issue." >> reporter: alright you mentioned the changing demographics, and one of the stories, i'm looking at it now, the rising anxiety of white america, because apparently of the growing demographic of pele of color. how do you ease that anxiety?

>> welusl the story isa wonderful exploration of that issue, and talks about what fuels that anxiety. i actually think the only way that anxiety is ead by people interacting with each other in real time, in real life, in those communities. so the more people know each other, the better it is. i think i heard somebody say once, "it's hard to ha up close," and i really do believe that. >> reporter: well susan goldberg, thank you for joininde us, it's a wul issue and good luck with all the ones in the future. >> thank you so much. >> woodruff: next, we turn to another installment of ourek brief but spectacular series where we ask people about their passions. dame stephanie shirley founded the software company "freelance programmers" in england in 1962, which offered part time, remote employment to women with. childr the company would go on to

become wildly successful with a valuation of $4.2 billion. dame steanie now spends her time as an advocate for autism, an issue she has a personal t connecti >> you can aays tell ambitious women by looking at the shape of their heads. they're flat on top from being patted patronizingly and'm sick of it. i was an unaccompanied child refugee who came to this country on the kindertransport in 1939. i was five years old and it was, indeed a very traumatic 5 day journey across europe and it has driven my whole life. that's who i am. and even 75 years later, i still feel that need to justify my survival.

going into business was really not a natural for me. i'm really much more interested in public service.bu i'd come across the glass ceiling in a very good employer, i said, i'm sick of beinga patronized aw, patronized as a woman, i'm going to do my own thing. i suddenly had this idea that im could set up any that was a company of women, men halling software, which at time, was given away free with the hardware, so everybody laughed. you can't sell software and certainly not as a woman. i had such difficulty with this double feminine name i stephanie shirley, shirley being my marital name. my dear husband suggeed that i use the family nickname of steve, and so i started signg my letters as steve shirley and

i began to get some response and i'd be through that door and shaking hands with somebody that he was a she. women'careers are often linked with our child rearing. our only child, giles, was a lovely baby, and i know every mother says that. but then, at 2.5 years old, he lost the little speech that he had and turned into a wild, unmanageable toddler. the bombshell diagnosis was thep he wfoundly autistic and he never spoke again.so that tragedy really drovet the second p my life and why i now work in autism, not computing. i've funded a whole lot of medical research into the causes of autism. i can talk with other parents

about autism becauro i have been h the hell that they're going through. i like to do new things. i'm a starter of things. i like to make new things happen. the more successful an organization or a project, the less i become interested and the less i have to contribute. so, i'm an entrepreneur. my name is dame stephanie shirley, and this is my brief but spectacular take on making things happen. >> woodruff: and we thank stephanie for things to remember. you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. later tonight on pbs, independent lens presents a film anabout one of the most de feminists of the 20th century. "dolores" profiles dolores huerta, who cofounded the first farmworkers union alongside cesar chavez. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbsho

newsur has been provided by: >> my dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of dg people. >> what the hell happened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a crime scene. >> we tell the truth-- vr at least, osion of it. >> senator, when can ae expect somewers? >> we're in this deeper than i esought. >> ththeatrics are not goingol toup in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6. >> the ford foundation. thrking with visionaries o frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. th

>> and witongoing support of these institutions and individuals. this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs ion from viewers like yo thank you. ng captioponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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