captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, from rycalls for using the milio guard the u.s. border to attacking azon for costing the postal service money, we explore the many questions raised by president trump's statements today. then, ethical problems muddy the waters-- growing scrutiny surrounds the head of the u.s. environmental protection agency, scott pruitt. also ahead, a critical moment in the conflict in syria-- the white house signals efforts to scale back the u.s. presence, while a web of opposing forces complicate peace efforts. plus, inside canada's educational success: how toronto is integrating immigrant students in the classroom. t >>nk what canada has shown us is that you can much more

equitably provide a high level of education across entire provins and even across a country. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour haseen provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin. >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, frenit, germanian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions t pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there's bee shooting attack today at youtube headquarters. w police sayan opened fire at the company campus in san bruno, california. offirs swarmed to the site, and tv images showed workersil leaving bungs with their hands up, and being ecked. several were taken to hospitals. >> we have four victims who have all been transported for gun

ot related injuries. and we have one subject who is deceed inside the building with a self inflicted wound, that at this time we believe to be the shooter. >> woodruff: we're continuing to monitor the story. the s ub woodruff: the shooting came just days after yobanned videos promoting guns and accessories. also tonight, the u.s. military may soon be guarding the nation's border with mexico. teat's according to president trump, who said of a new north american free trade agreement hangs in the balance if the mexican government doesn't cooperate. mr. trump raised that possibility today as he met with nspresidents of baltic natt the white house. s we are preparing for the military to secure our border between mexico and the united states we have a meeting on it in a little while with general mattis and everybody.k i th's something we have to do. >> woodruff: our own lisa

desjardins was at today's press conference and joins me now. sa, you spent the day trying to talk to folks about what the president is talking about here. >> judy, unfortunately we don't know what that meeting is that he's talking about. the white house staff has not gotten back to us. we spoke to may communications staffers over there and many sources. the department of defense ha also not sponded yet to our calls. our team also reached out to ernors andte g members of congress. none of them said they had details of this plan yet. it's interesting. the state of texas did respond and say that they already are using national guard troops under state direction since 2014. they've had 1,000 state troops at the der. now, whatever this is, the president does have the por to send national guard troops to the border. president obama did it in 2010. but it's interesting, judy, reports after that show that that was very complicated. it took at least six months or up to six months to even begin that process, so whatever he's doing, if this is plan, it can't

happen right away. >> woodruff:e know this has just popped up literally within the last day. so the preutdent talked abo couple of other things that i think is raising interest. t, lees a comm centennial park that he made about amazon, the tech giant. let's listen to that. >> the post office is losing bill tns of dollars, andhe taxpayers are paying for that money because it delsiv packages for amazon at a very below cost, and that's not fair to the united states. it's not fr to ou taxpayers. and amazon has the money to pay the fair rate at the post office, which would be much more than they're paying right now. >> woodruff: so lisa, you have talso been talking to fol try to understand what it is the president has in mind. >> here's what we know: the post office iinlosbillions of dollars, but not in package delivery. that's an area ere they are seeing their areas go up. now, amazon does have a special rateeith the post off because of the very large volume that amazon gives to theost office. we do not know what that rate,

is but by law, judy, the poft ce cannot charge a rate that actually causes a loss to the post office. that is a law right now. now, there's even bigger continue texts here, though, because amazon is owned by jeff bezos, richest man in america and the owner of the "washington enst." the preshas already lashed out at media companies before, but interestingly enou, judy, there is a problem with big business here. you haven't seen a president be this critical of a successful american business in this way,d e chamber of commerce actually sent us a statement late today saying it is inappropriate for government officials to use teir positions to attack an american company. that is remarkable coming from the generally republican pro business chamber of commerce talking about a republican president. >> woodruff: which generally has been favorable of the president. we know the president has been critical of the "washington post" reporting. finally, lisa, another thing the president brought up today, which is raising questions, and this is hi relationship with vladimir putin, the leader of russia. here's what he said.

>> there's nobody been tougher on russia, and with that being said, i ink i cold have a very good relationship with president putin. i think. it's possible i won't. and you will know it. so i think i could have a very good relationsp wh russia and with president putin, and if i did, that would be a great thing, and there's also a great possibility that that won't happen who knows. >> woodruff: so lisa, this comes after just a who lot has been happening in the relationship. >>p esecially on news that the kremlin and the white house that the president and vladimir putin talked about meeting some time in the not too distant future. in that rom what was s fascinating during that moment to watch the estonian president in pticular, who has a long border with russia, stone faced. he's someone who does not think it's a good idea to be friendly with russia. >> woodruff: wow. as we said in the middle of just so much going ontween the united states and russia, not to mentn the investigation. lisa desjardins, thank you very

much. >> you're welcome. >>roodruff: in the day's ot news, russia moved to forging even closer ties with "nato" member turkey. in ankara, russian president vladimir putin met with turkey's recep tayyip erdogan. they approved plans for russia to build turkey's first nucleare plant. the turks already agreed to buy a long-range missile defense system from moscow. high-speed trains stood still in the united states imposed $25 billion worth of tariffs on chinese goods, part of plan to punish beijing for alleged ft.hnology the the list ranging from aerospace to chemicals to motorcycles. in france, high-speed trains stood still in france today, as a series of strikes began against the national system. workers are protesting president emmanuel mron's plan to trim benefits that date to the 1930's, including guaranteed jobs for life.at in paris, stions were packed this morning, and commuts even

spilled on to tracks. many complained of jam-packed >> ( translated ): this is really catastrophic. something needs to be done, weth are victims, we haven't done anything. we need to get to work like everyone else. you should have seen what happened on the train. some people felt unwell, women were crying. children. this isn't normal. >> woodruff: meanwhile, hundreds of workers, and their supporters, marched the streets of paris. they plan to strike a total of 36 days, over the next three months. in iael, prime minister benjamin netanyahu reversedto himsely and canceled a deal to re-settle 16,000 african migrants in western nations. another 20,000 would have remained in israel, butny neu's conservative supporters rebelled against that plan. most of the migrants are from eritrea and somalia. back in this country, 17 states,

ndthe district of columbiaix cities sued the trump administrationtiver adding a nship question to the 2020 census. ede question hasn't been a in 70 years. new york's attorney general eric schneiderman, along with lawmakers d civil rights groups, called it an affront to the constitution. >> this is really just an effort to punish places like new york that welcome immigrants, that accommating to immigrants and embrace the american tradition of open arms for all. so we stand to lose money,e beca determines congressional representation, and the electoral college. we stand to lose political representation. >> woodruff: california filed a separate suit last week. striking teachers closed a number of school districts across oklahoma for a second day. thousands of educators and supporters descended on the state capitol. they're demanding increased funding for public schools. the state's largest teachers union says the walkout will continue tomorrow.

president trump is again defending the conservative sinclair broadcast group. the company has been criticized for having anchors read a message that voices concern about "fake news." today, mr. trump tweeted: "the ke news networks, those that knowingly have a sick and biased agenda, are worried about the competition and quality of sinclair broadcast." sinclair is one of the country's largest broadcast chains, withat nearly 200 tv ns. walltreet battled back today and recouped some of monday's losses.do thjones industrial average gained 389 points to close at 24,033. the nasdaq rose 71 points, and the s&p 500 adde32. and, villanova celebrated today as its men's basketbalteam returned home to philadehia, as national champions. the wildcats claimed t title last night, beating michigan, 79

to 62. it's their second title in three years. still to come on the newshour: the head of e e.p.a. under scrutiny for a questionable what's next for a war-torn syria and the u.s.ole there, plus, much more. >> woodruff: e.p.a. administrator scott pruitt has arguably had as much influence and impact as any other member of the president's cabinet, especially when it comes to rolling back regulations and reversing the obamara adminion. but as william brangham reports, the controversies and ethical questions around him are piling up. >> brangham: the most recent a controversy ut what some are calling a sweetheart real- retate deal. last week, abc newrted that pruitt was occasionally

igrenting a room for $50 a from the wife of a lobbyist for the ergy industry. that lobbyist, and his firm, said they ren't lobbying the e.p.a. at the time, and the e.p.a. said the arrangement wasn't a conflict. but the "new york times" reported today that a canadian client of that lobbying firm, enbridge, inc., got sign-off from the e.p.a. during this period of time, to expand a major pipeline. pruitt has also come underor scrutinyirst-class travels during his first year in the administration. eric lipton has been reporting on scott pruitt's tenure at the e.p.a. for the "new york times." and kathleen clark teaches government ethics at the iversity of washington st. louis school of law. welcome to you both. eric lipton, first off, before we get to the pipeline deal, can you just explain a little bit t more aboe housing arrangement that scott pruitt had? what was going on there? >> sure. so he comes to washington ving lived in oklahoma, where he was

serving as the attorney general. he's not lived inshington full-time before. and he was looking for alace to live, and he knew the chairman of this lobbying firm because he had an oklahoma tie. somehow or other he ends uprr getting anange. where he's going to rent a room in this condo for $50 a n and only have to pay on the nights that he's there. if you look around theig orhood in capitol hill, that's significantly less than it typically would cost to gt either an airbnb room or even if you multiply that times for what it would be for an apartment. so it seems like it was an attractive deal. the issue is that same lobbying firm has a whole host of clients issues before the e.p.a., oklahoma gas and electric, colonial pipeline, exxon-mobil, enbridge, a meta pipeline company, an oil and gas company. so he's reneting a unit at t same time that the husband is a chairman of the company that has

a bunch of business before the e.p.a. >> brangham: kathleen clark, what do you make of this, the head of the e.p.a. renting a room from a lobby head of ayi lo firm. what are the implications here? >> so federal employees are prohibited from accepting a gift, including a discount fro anyone with matter before the agency that they work for. and in addition to that, all presidential appointees are iohibited from acceptingts from registered lobbyists. it apprs that prosecute, --e pruitt, .p.a. head, may have violated both of those ovisions. >> brangham: so the idea if you get a room or rental agreement well below market value, that's really the lobbying industry givg pruitt the gift. >> that's right. the difference between the market rate and th rate that pruitt paid would be considered a gift under the gft standard.

>> brangham: understood. eric, you're the on, as i mentioned, that broke this story about the pipeline, that bridge inc. got. they got a waiver from the e.p.a. while pruitt was renng this room. can you tell us a little bit more about that situation? >> what the e.p.a. did was to tell the state department, which eds the power to issue what's ca presidential permit, because this is a paperline that was going to cross the international line between canada and the united states, the e.p.a. told the state department that it did not have serious environmental objections to that pipeline expansion, and that occurred in mrch of 2017 at the same time that pruitt s living in the unit, and enbridge is represented by williams and jenson, the lobbying firm thatti had ths to the apartment. so we don't have any evidenceit that pintervened or that williams and jenson asked for any favor. in fact, williamsnd jenson asserts they were not lobbying

the e.p.a. on this matter, but oe standard is you uld not take any action that creates the appearance of a conflict of interest or that undermines th integrity of the process, even by creating a question mark as to whether or not it perhaps was $fluenced by the fact that you're living in50 a night condo in a nation neighborhood in washiton, d.c., provided y the spouse of the chairman of the lobbying firm. it's that appearce alone that can cause a problem in terms of the standards of the conducte rules for deral government. >> brangham: is that right, kathleen, that appearances themselves, even if no law was violed, which the e.p.a. claims did not happen here, no laws were broken, appearances can be problematic >> that's absolutely right. the ethics standard are concerned not with just the reality, but with the appearance of a problem of a conflict. and, in fact, the gift rules that were recently revived require federal employees to consider how thetuation willpe apar to the reasonable person with knowledge of the facts.

and if those facts would cause a reasonable person to question the integrity of the age ethics or that officials' ethics, then they should not accept the gift or the discount. >> brangham: eric, as you reported today, there were other firms that are represented by this lobbying firm wh also had business before the e.p.a., and they did not get any spcial favors or any actions in theirpr favor whilitt was renting this room. so is it possible this is just one-ing that the timing just looks bad and that there really was nothing afo here? >> yeah, we still have no evidence that he intervened or that the lobbying firm asked for him to do any special faors. you know, so we do not have tha. eviden the problem, though, is think of gina mccarthy, who was the p.a. of the e. say she was living in the sierra club's condo, an environmental group, at the same time as she was making decisions about

coal-burning power plants.d there wo investigations into that, even if she did not do any special favors for the sierra club. it's just... it just seems like the opics of that should have been obvious to anyone in federal government, that you shld not have financial tio the spouse of a regulated lobbyist. >> brangham: kathleen, you studied governmental ethics and you know the law, but i'm curious as to your take on mouth's future in this administration. he is obviouslyne of the most durable and popular as far as the president is concerned. he's been vey effective understand out thing the president's agenda. is your sense that this particular issue as well as some of the travel and other concerns that have beenised about pruitt, do those dent his future in the administration? what is your sense of that? >> my sent se is thaile the president is not exactly an advocate oftrongthics standards, he is willing to abandon an appointee who starts

getting into trouble and becomes unpopular. and the stories in the lt few days may be a tipping point for mouth. >> brangham: ric, same question to you. what is your sense? does this accumulated series of stories about questions a pruitt's behavior and his ethics, are these damaging to his future or is he still a rck solid member of the administration? >> pruitt trump administration. i mean, the clean power plant, the waters, the methane rule, the coal disposal rule. i could go on and on. e number of rules that just gis -- the 54.4mph standard he says ing to be up for reconsideration as of 2025 for cars. the automakers were there posing with him in a photo toda e industry is embracing him and supportive of all thea changes he'sing. this is just what president trump wants the e.pg..a. to be do on the one hand he's creating a distraction with ethics issues that are uncomfortable for the

white house. on the other hand, he's perhaps the most aggsse advocate of the deregulatory push trump wants. it will be a tough position for what to do. if thinks get much worse, his status becomes more of a question mark, but right now he continues to lead the charge for the administration on thisgu derelatory push. >> brangham: eric lipton, hathleen clark, thank you bot very much. >> thank you. ar woodruff: u.s. policy t syria has been a hotly argued subject here in washington, eve0 since th uprisings turned into a full-blown civil war. that debe continues today. as john yang reports, presidentu trump has a different tone from one of his top thnerals, especially aroun u.s. contribution to rebuilding territory formerly controlled by isis. >> i want to get out, i want to bring our troops back home. >> yang: today president trump

said that the end is in sight for the u.s. military mission in syria. >> it's very costly for our country and it helps other countries a hell of a lot more than it helps us. so, we're going to be making a decision. decision as to what we do in the miry near future. >> yang: barely away, at a separate event in washington, the head of u.s. central command had his own take on the fight against isis, and what comes after it: >> the hard part i think is in front of us and that is stabilizing these areas, tinsolidating our gains, g people back into their homes, addressing the long-term issues of reconstruction. u.s. military leaders, and defense secretary jim mattis, have said the u.s. should remain is syria until s wiped out. but president trump took theri pentagon by su last thursday, with this declaration: >> we will be coming out of syria like very soon. let the other people take care of it. >> yang: then came reports that the administration froze $200 million in recovery funds for

areas liberated from isis. some 2,000 american service memberare currently on the ground in syria-- the bulk:op speciaations forces. last week, an american and a british soldier were killed by a roadside bomb. it happened in the northern city of manbij, near the turkish border, where a new front in t grinding syrian conflict has opened. with u.s. help, the largely kurdish syrian democratic forces recaptured manbij from isis in 2016. last month, turkey launched an assault on kurdish forces to the west, in afrin; turkey's president erdogan threatened to drive the kurds from manbij next. the turkish operation has pulled kurdish fighters from battling isis remnants in eastern syria, possibly allowing the militants an opportunity to regroup. s. reinforcements arrived in manbij in recent days, an apparent sign that, for now at least, they will stay as a counter-weight to turkish moves.

meanwhile, russian president adimir putin arrived in ankara today, to meet with the leaders of turkey and iran.rr to, they'll discuss the future of syria, without the u.s. for more on where the unitedes states, its aland its adversaries stand on the complex battlefield of northera i'm joined by: mona yacoubian, a deputy assistant administrator in the middle st bureau at u.s.aid from 2014 to 2017. she'now at the u.s. institut and amberin zaman, a columnist for al monitor and a former wilson center fellow. welcome to you both. enso we have this split sc moment today in washington. the president speaking and then the gentle and others speaking where you were. mona, let me start with you. ist clear to you what the american intention is in syria? >> i think th american intention in syria has been first and foremost to defeat

isis. and don't think that has shifted. i do think, though, that what we saw today playing out almost in real-time are some of the tensions or the challenges that u.s. policy faces. president trump, who has been irly clear that he's looking to pull u.s. troops out as soon as possible, while some of his key advisers are really underscoring, the battle isn't yet fully won and there is a need to maintain a u.s. presence there. >> yang: amberin, this meeting, what could come out of this? >> well, this is pt of an ongoing process that wased launast year in may, and the idea was to create what they call deescalation zoes in syria. they designated four such zones. and the idea was that there would be ceasefires allowing

humanitarian aid to come into these areas and at the sameim laying the foundation for peace. and it's been going on sort of at a rather bumpy pce, because the idea of a ceasefire seems pretty laughable when you consider that the regime is continuing to bomb these so-called designated deescalation zontes, mos recently as we saw in eastern goutha. so these three leaders will come together and talk about this province that borders turkey, which is one of the last remaining rebel strongholds where you have this al qaeda-affiliated gup that is there still. and turkey is expected to usev its age over those groups, those rebels in that province to try and convince them to stop the fight. >> yang: so the united states is not participating in these

talks that are going on? >> no. no. these countries, iran, russia, and turkey prese this not as an alternative to the geneva peace process that the united states is involved in and te u.n. obviously, but rather as a supplement to that that will help bolster that process.>> ang: and mona, when you hear these slhtly different emphasis between the president and the general, what do theh u.s. ally,t message dot do the u.s. allies take from this? >> i think it's concerning certainly to u.s. allies on the ground, mainly the kurds, the primary partner on the ground inside syria. there's a lot of worry about how long will the u.s. stay? is the u.s. simply going to pull out and not be there to help sustain and consolidate the gains that have been made on the ground an he tp stabilie area. >> yang: amber, all these parties on the battleeld have

different and sometimes conflicting interests. is turkey more interested inde ating isis or in batting the kurds? >> well, if you were to ask thee kurds,would say definitely to battle the kurds. ks,you were to ask the tur they would say both. ut the reality is that ever since turkey ga on the idea of regime change, realizing that was going nowhere, this campaige to orthrow assad and empowering rebels giving them, you know, space in turkey the operate out of, after they made that shift in 2015, and that followed russia's interventryn orcefully and decisively on the side of the regime, theye dethat their priority would then become to try and defeat the kurdse thre, because over that period, from 2014 onward, meanwhile, the unite g stat involved in this fight against the islamic state. d turkey was expected e rebels were expected to help in that fight, but they did not prove very effective, which is

why the united states then went on to increase its help to these kurdish group, because they proved to be extremely effective. the trouble, though, is that heese kurdish groups that the united states iing are closely linked to another kurdish group fighting inside turkey, and, of course, turkey is furious that the united states is armlg thelies of a group that's fighting its own soldiers inside turkey, and so as we saw in janry, they decided to carry matters further and attack this syrian-kurdish group that's allied wi the united states inside syria. this has undermined the fight against isis.an >> mona, we have less than 30 second left. the president of the united states has said it's gotten nothing out ofts involvement in the middle east except death and destruction. what is the u.s. interest in this fig in fighting isis in

syria? >> well, i think the primary interest is to protect the homeland to ensure that the threat that isis posed while it was in the region does not come back to the u.s. let's not forget 9/11 andpo ntial for operations planned that could, in fact, target the homeland. >> yang: mona yacoubian, amberin zaman, thank you so mu. >> thank yu. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up the newshour: canada's approach to integrating students froforeign countries. the politics behind the rebooted sitcom "roseanne," and a photographer's life work, capturing images from the border. but first, the united states and canada have a lot in common. but when it comes to education tcomes, the two are very different. unlike the u.s., canada is one of the top performing education

estems in the world. it does a good jcating its english learners. within three years of arriving in canada's public schools, children well as native born children. kavitha cardoza with our partner "e canada's approach for our weekly series making the grade. >> reporter: when 13-year-old andre cordeiro moved from portugal to canada, the only english word "bye" and "hot dog." now he's thriving. andre credits the small class he attends every morning with other english learners >> i feel equal. i don't feel as much pressure if i make a mistake. >> reporter: teacher ann woomert brings in props, speaks slowly d tries to make lessons meaningful. >> the visual cues and that

opportunity to talk about what we're doing is really important. they need to see the relevance. how does it coect to my life? >> reporter: three-fourth of the 500 students at islington junior middle school, speak a language other than english a, including somali, korean and russian. it mirrors the diversity of toronto where almost half the population was born in a different country. every afternoon, all english learners join regular classes. this intentional integration is meant to help them feel part of the larger school. t and ify find the class difficult? their teacher woomert is available to help. hyam al tarifi came to canada in 2015 as a refugee from syria. she hasn't been to school regularly for years, but here, she's quickly catching up.

>> it's a very nice country, and they are very kind. they don't make you feel different. >> that's a third language right? >> reporter: students here don't just get language and academic support. through books, posters and school traditions, their home cultures are celebrated. teacher janet mccarrol keeps a tea set handy. >> many of my students come from the middle east. tea is a very important part of eir culture. we invite families to join us so sometimes, mums and dads come. we set up the tables, the kids can serve tea. it gives them a sense that "this is my classroom, this is my space. this teacher respects this as part of my upbringing." >> reporter: in canada, newcomers are selected mainly based on their ability to support the economy. they get points for job skills and education. this is unlike the u.s., where immigration is largely based on reuniting families. but andreas schleicher, an expert in international ucation, says while those

policy differences do giveed canada a over u.s. schools, it doesn't fully account for why immigrant children do so well.lt >> w, immigrant children in the united states, they will do a lot worse than the same kind of immigrant children in canada. there's a lot that canada does to enable those immigrant children to achieve these results. >> reporter: john malloy is head of toronto's school system. l it's tgest in canada with almost 250,000 students.re yon immigrant yourself? >> yes, i'm an immigrant. i moved here to toroom cleveland, ohio. >> reporter: malloy says a key difference between the two ununtries is funding. in the u.s., the aof money each student receives can vary a lot between school districts because it is based on local property taxes. in canada, all money collected from taxpars is routed through the provincial government, so every student in ontario gets the same per-pupil funding.

>> that grant is pretty healthy compared to many other parts of the world that i'm aware of. >> reporter: i've never heard a school leader say the amount per pupil they get is "healthy." >> it's healthy. >> reporter: schools in canada also receive extra money for each english learner. linda darling hammond, a professor at stanforuniversity has written extensively about international education systems. she says becoming a teacher in canada is very competitive. >> eveone gets a very high quality of training which they have been improving and increasing over time. and mentoring is more widely available for teachers. >> reporter: teacher's salaries and jobs are not tied to student test scores. darling-hammond says what you find in canada also happens in the u.s. but not systemically. >> not for all kids, not for all teachers, not for all school settgs. i think what canada has shown us is that you n much more equitably provide a high level of educationcross entireev

provinces and across a country. >> you're going to bend from your hips. >> reporter: strong community partners and social services help. in a darkened classroom at nearby high school, students practice breathing. it's the lunch break. >> inhale and exhale. >> reporter: this classpr oting mental health, is popular. aslam azami from afghanistan is a senior. >> all the stress builds up from the subjects, all the homework, tests, and exams. and then applying for universities. >> reporter: nicole d'sousa who runs the class says they also make slime and draw posters to de-stress. t >> not knowi language or how the school system works. sometimes parents want something and you want something different and the culture around that.>> eporter: but d'sousa is not employed by toronto schools. she works for one of ontario's many community centemostly funded by the government.

they support students through mentoring, tutoring, and afterschool clubs, allowing canadian teachers to concentrate on teaching. >> reporter: and these programs are no >> we have every service that a newcom to canada will need. >> reporter: malini singh coordinates services at the neighbourhood organization. they served most 22,000 newcomers at this one center last year through a range of services. >> some of the larger things art finding employhousing, connecting to social services. we also do smaller things like teaching parents how to dress your kids for the winter. p >> reportefessor louis volante, with brock university, says having a strong sesety net is nry for strong educational outcomes. >> you can't really divorce education policies from broader socialrotection and economic policies. >> reporter: canada has traditionally been welcoming to newcomers in part because they are seen as necessary for the country's economic success.

shoppers at a popular mall downtown overwhelmingly say immigrants make canada better. >> immigrants are the backbone of our count. >> it makes canada a more interesting place. >> reporter: it's easy to see how this positive social climate can help new immigrants thrive. bucanada has not been immune to the growing anti-immigrant sentiment that has become more pervasive ineuhe u.s. and in pean countries in recent years. a >> it's becoissue like a controversy and conflict between people. >> i think immigration has such a negative connotatiowadays. >> reporter: but students like andre cordeiro, are still sheltered in the classroom. his ading and math is improving dramatically, as well as his english. >> i feel betteran i know how ter questions in class now! >> reporter: andre hopes to be in mainstream classes soon.ca and whilda is home, he still misses friends and family back in portugal. maybe i'll buy a house there one day he says, i can visit during canadian winters.

>> woodruff: and kavitha cardoza joins me now. thank you, calf catch. y did you look at canada? >> judy, often we look at countries like filand, new zealand, singapore, and i think it's a little unfair, because these countries are way more homogeneous, they're versma, or often they have a different form of government, luke you id earlier. canada and the u.s. have a lot in common. what made them particularly intriguing is that they have a higher percentage of immigrant students, so about 30% ofhe schoolkids have an immigrant background compared to about 20f urs. >> woodruff: and are you saying, we saw some really intesting successful techniques, that this could work in the u.s.? >> i definitely think we have af lot to leam them, but i don't want the leave viewers, judy, with the impression that canada has all the answers, because even in canada, the

are variations between provinces and even within a province you see a gap. and so i definitely don't want to leave people with that impression. >> woodruff: but nevertheless, it is so interesting to see what they're doing. >> something tiny but so significant and meaningful. >> woodruff: kavitha cardoza, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: tonight the third episode of the roseanne revival airs on abc. .he show is back after a two- decade-long hiat 25 million people watched the show last week. the show has won acclaim among some because roseanne barr is a but the comedy has alsos attracted are of criticism, and so has barr herself. jeffrey brown has a look. >> what's up, deplorable?

>> brown: the connor family is back, still with a bite. abc's hit show "roseanne" got a modern reboot, and some 25 e llion people tuned in to watch the series premist week. >> thank you for making america great again!'s >> brown: iteen more than 20 years since audiences heard the lyse cracking wit of the blue- collar conner famiatriarch, roseanne, the character created by comedian roseanne barr. e's back with husband da played by john goodman; sister jackie, ayed by laurie metcalf; and daughter darlene, played by sara gilbert, who this time around also serves as the show's executive producer. >> are you every sorry we got ryrried? >> eve second of my life. >> brown: the original "roseanne" was lauded for its depiction of a struggling working-class american family living in the fictional suburb lanford, illinois. it lasted nine seasons, much of that time as one of the highest-

rated programs on television, and one of the few sitcoms to grapple with issues of class. the reboot continues that tradition, in donald trump's america with roseanne connor a supporter of the president, and sister jackie, who voted for hillary clinton. >> how could you have voted for him, roseanne? >> he talked about jobs, jackie! he said he'd shake things up. i mean this might come as a complete shock to you but we almost lost our house the way things are going. >> "have you looked at the news? because now things are worse. not on the real news! >> oh, please! >> brown: other issues come up: one of the newest characters, mark, is roseanne's gender bending nine-year-old grandson.t >> you hear oney? my grandson's nails are wet. >> brown: barr herses a real life trump supporter, and the president embraccc the show's s as part of his own. >> look at her ratings! look at her ratings! >> brown: t barr has also

received criticism for her seeming embrace onocial media of right-wing conspiracy theories, including one involving a student survivor in the parkland shooting. some tweets have since been deleted. "roseanne" the tv show has already been renewed for another ason. joining us to talk about this reboot is sonia saraiyv critic for "variety," and npr's eric deggans. welcome to both of you. eric, first, 25 million is a huge number these days. why do you think the interest? what do you think it's tapping into? >> i actually thought a bunch o differends came together in one huge result. people have en looking at the cities where the show seemed to rate back, and they've noticed that a lot of the cities are in the middle of the country, and i ceainly think there was a sense that people tuned in hoping to see a depiction of themselves that they don't often see on teolevision where pple

in the middle of the country and people who might be working class are treated wi respect and treated as if, you know, they have -- th're not treated like caricatures. but i also think abc promoted this show vey the heavily. it was one of tv's most popular shows when it was on. and so a lot of these trends came togetheto create a show that was very popular when it aired. >> woodruff: sonia you say the draw of seeing a show acknowledge that people who disagree are still people, maybe wrong people, maybe confused people, but still people. it's hitting a lot of nerves. what do you see? >> i think that when you see roseanne and when you see her family, too, you see that there's one woman who is a very outspoken trump supporter here, wd then there's here whole family around heo has different viewpoint, maybe

apathetic viewpnts, but frankly i remember news the trump voters that i have met in some of the ways in which she'ss espousing beliefs and also in the ways she's not listening to some of the other criticisms that she's hearing. i think that there is sohing very real about that person, and i think thaout we're, know, we're all trying to understand who that person is right now.wh her or not you're coming from the perspective of like i am a trump supporter and i want to see what i believe on screen, or if you're someone who has a loved onwho believes those things or who supports this president, it's a really important conversation we're having right now. i think it really did strike a nerve. r> brown: is it inevitable, eric, that in oolitical an culturally divisive age that we watch these this through that lens? and also, this question ofse rating roseanne barr the person from roseanne the earacter. >>l, i do think what's

interesting to me about this show is tht it didn't really explore the roots of why somebody like roseanne connor, who when we last saw her, you know, was supporting abortion rights, supporting guyights, tried to investigate on her own whether she and her husband had unwittingly transmitted racist eiews to their son when h didn't want to diss a black girl in a school pageant. how did something like that come to believe that voting for donald trump was something that made seny se when hillinton seemed to be much more in line with those values. and i don't th the show really investigated that. that felt like a lost tportunity. wh show was at its height, they spent two episodes lo ting at how a characters on that show felt about abortion. the episodes that i a talkout with d.j., roseanne's son and racism, they spent a whole episode exploring how he migveht ome to feel that way and how roseon and dan may havett

ungly contributed to that. the discuss that we saw in this new roanne wasasically a series of sort of jbs and insults traded between two characters. they didn't take a lot of time to investigate how roseanne may have come feel the way she felt or how other people in her family may have felt about it. a lot of it was implied. an ie noticed whn i tried to talk to the cast about this, and i tried the talk to roseannes about thck in january that they were a little hesitant to talk about the political implications of what they were doing and why they were making the choices that they were making to make ro a trump supporter in the first place. >> brown: let me ask. that's a lot to put on a sit come and to ask it toa answe lot of questions that we talk about all the time on a program like this, awell. sara gilbert, the actress and now the executive producer, sh says the show is not about politics or anybody's position or policy. it about what happens t

family when there is a political divide. >> yu know, i don know that you can quite get away with saying it's not about politics,r because ther a lot of shows on television that portray a lot of different kinds of family, and not all of theare explicitly making jokes aboutpl ables or pantsuits or donald trump or whatever it is. but i definitely think politics is a part of a lot of people's families. it's apart of a lot of people's family disagreements. it's not just about roseanne the character or her the actor andei support of donald trump. it's also about the whole family and about how the whole family talks about these things. it's eveabout how roseanne's own sister, who is a hillary supporter, fes bullied by roseanne into making a decision that isn't right for her ultimately in the voting booth. i mean, more than that, like it's worth saying, you know, to eric's point that the roseanne in the past has dealt wth these things a lot more sensitively, we're only seen two s,iso

and only one talks about donald trump. i can't tell the future about what the rest the season will hold, but i think it's important to remember that some of the things, some of theassumptions that we're making out of the very first episode might be things that mot unpackee as we go forward. >> brown: okay. we'll see what happens to the ratings going forward.sa soniaiya, eric deggans, thank you both very much. >> thank you. thank you. >> woodruff: we close tonight where we began: the border. pulitzerphrize-winning ojournalist john moore has been documenting andra photing life on both sides of the u.s.-mexico line for the a st ten years. llection of these images, inlled "undocumented," was recently releaseook form. and a warning, this report contains some graphic images. >> from the border pat agents, to the undocumented immigrants, to immigrants who

were in jail, to gang members it l america, i photographed them to show a common thread of humanity on all sides of thest y. i'm john moore. staff photographer and special correspondent for getty images.ot i've been raphing along the u.s.-mexico border for almost ten years. physically, the border areas all along the 2,000 mile border loor very simn the mexican and the american sides. oftentimes it's a line that was just drawn through the sand. in other places the border is formed by the rio grande. but in other ways each side is entirely different. right now in mexico, in many border areas, the drug war is raging and the violence is incredible. in acapulco, which is you know is famous for being a tourist site, there i photographeda executions oily basis.

in san pedro sula, honduras, i visited there just this last ar and i was able to photograph actual assassins whot dofor a living.ar you knowof the story for me has been trying to show why people will take such risks. why people will leave everything behind.r whet's from el salvador, honduras, guatemala or mexico. that's where most immigrants come from on their journey to the u.s. i traveled to southern mexico to the states of chiapas and oaxaca where immigrants would climb aboard freight trains known as the beast or la bestia in spanish and the train is called the beast for a reason because it's a monstrous way to trel. people travel for days, weeks a a time, on tope trains and always in danger of being swept off by branches. many have fallen underneath the wheels and died under the trains or have been dismembered.

it's justerrifying. and on the u.s. side of the border i spent many, many hours photographing u.s. border agents as well. they were doing very difficult work and in often dangerou situations. i spent several days just this last year at the border patrol academy in new mexico and there the trainees go through a month long program, which starts basically as a boot camp and they learn how to be agents. the border patrol draws from people from many walks of life. there are immigrants as border patrol agents many border patrol agents if not most speak spanisl as their firguage. and those who don't speak spanish to start with have to it at the border patrol academy. as part of this project, i even flew back on deportation flights with a group of immigrants who had been shackled by the ankles and sent back on a plane. there's was one picture that still touches me. it's a close up photograph of

two hands and they're handcuffea togeth a woman was gently caressing a man's hand with her thumb in a very touching and sad moment of comfort. early on in this story for me, i was covering more of a political issue, but i really wanted to go in much deeper to the root causes of immigration and look at the insecurities that americans felt about border security even though the numbers of families coming across the border has gone down somewhat since president trump took office. it's still at historical highs, and every day people come across the border seeking political asylum in the u.s. and by u.s. law they're allowed to plead their case. i think as a photojournalist it's necessary to separate theio em from the reality as much as i can.

i try to photograph the story in as many ways as possible to give a true story of a major issue. >> woodruff: and a quick update to our lead story. a shootingttack at you-tube headquarters in san bruno, california wounded four people. police officials said the woman believed to be the shooter dfld of a self-ted gunshot wound. investigators are rking to piece together a motive. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff.nd join us onlinegain here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you on. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> my dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of defining people. >> what the hell happened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a crime scene. >> we tell the truth-- or at least,ur version of it. >> senator, when can we expect

some answers? >> we're in this deeper than i thought. >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing suort of these institutions and individuals.

>> this program was made fossible by the corporatio public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station fr viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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