captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> yang: good evening, i'm john yang. on the newshour tonight, facebook under fire: judy woodruff is in california night, talking with top executive sheryl sandberg about the storm of questions around how the social media giantts protsers' data. >> we believed in a world whereu people share and experience things together and we just weren't thinking enough about the bad use cases and that's on us. >> yang: then, the president's decision to send the nationaar d to the u.s. mexican border: how states are reacting and what the decision means fort immin. and, 50 years later: civil rights activisfred davis members the final days of dr. martin luther king, jr. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing supporti of these instis: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewersyoike you. than >> yang: today president trump said sending the national guard to secure the border with mexico is essential to fight illegal immigration, drug smuggling, violent gangs and other crimes,

including rape. appearing in white sulphur springs, west virginia, he citeg a caravan ofnts traveling across mexico, and resurrected the claim he made when hepr announced hiidential run in 2015.em >> rr my opening remarks at trump tower when i opened. everybody said, oh, he was so tough. i used the word rape. yesterday it came out where this journey coming up, women are raped at levels that nobody has ever seen before. >> yang: the department of holand security said today it's still working with governors of california, arizona, new mexico and texas on how many guardsmen will be sent, and where.we l take a closer look at the issue after the news summary. for the first time today, the controversy about the payment to a porn star who claims they had a sexual affair. the president said he t know in advance that his atrney had paid $130,000 t stephanie clifford, who performs as "stor daniels," under a non-disclosure agreement shortly

before the 2016 election. asked why the lawyer, michael cohen, made the payment,enhe pressaid: "you'll have to ask michael." mr. trump's chief economic adviser is trying to calms worrout a trade war with china. on tuesday, the administration announced new tariffs on china, and yesterday, beijing respondei similar measures, targeting u.s. soybeans, aircraft and chemicals. that triggered concerns from farm groups and others. but, outside t white house this morning, larry kudlowst ressed that so far, these are only proposals. >> our intention is not to punish anybody. our intention is to open markets and investments and lower barriers. yoat's the deal. it's all part of aknow, a fairly delicate broad-based negotiation but it's long overdue. that's all i'm saying. we can fix this thing. >> yang: the chinese insisted today, through their state-run news agency, that they will not ck down. an israeli air strike along the gaza border killed a palestinian

today, mak in a week's worth of violence. mourners carried the body in aes funeral procon. the israelis said the man had been an arand terrorist. ile, another man died of wounds from last friday's clashes. the united nations is both sides to show restraint, but more protests are expect tomorrow. back in is country, the white house sent conflicting signals about scott pruitt's future as he's under an ethics cloud that includes his $50-a-night leaseof washington, d.c. condo from the wife of an energy industry lobbyist. today, reporters asked president trump if he still has confidence but he also said he's looking into the allegations. a i think-- i think he is a-- person.

i think coal and energy, they love scott pruitt. they lovscott pruitt. pruitt himself told fox news >> yang: pruitt himself told fox news yesterday that he is dumbfounded by questions about his condo lease. he also said he does not think his job is in jeopardy. startling new numbers today shed more light on the economic tollf he u.s. opioid epidemic. the kaiser family foundation reports large employers spentn $2.6 billion16 to cover costs of addiction and overdoses. that's up from $300,000 in 2004, a more than eight-fold increase. the mber of opioid prescriptions has actually fallen across all major disease categories, as employers limit insurance coverage. and, on wall street, stocks rose on increased optimism that china and the united states can work out their trade dispute. the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 241 points to close at 24,505.

the nasdaq rose 34 points, and the s&p 500 added 18. still to come on the newshour: president trump orders the national guard to the u.s.- mexican border. can facebook regain its user trust? judy sits down with facebook's shyl sandberg to talk abou what's next. as the maste tournament tees off, we talk to the author of a new tiger woods biography, and ch more. >> yang: as we reported earlier, the president has authorized the use of national guard forces along the u.s. border with mexico. while mr. trump's plan has raised concerns, there is precedent. residents george w. bush and barack obama sent troops to the southern front during their termwo we getakes from experts involved in both of those deployegnts. john sanorked at the department of homeland security

during the obama admintration. and theresa cardinal brown advised the bush administration's department of homeland security.me welo you both. i want to ask each of you and start with you theresa about your decisions, the decweions made whe you working for the administration. president george w. bush sent 6,000 troops to the border in 2006.ry what were youing to accomplish then and what was the situation that prompted this decision. and how does it compare to tot y? >> so at tme there was a very large number of apprehensionhappening at the border, well over a million apprehensions a year. and a lot of it was happeningn arizona. and they were overwhelming the abilly of the board are pat to handle it at the time. we had bipartisan calls in congressor sending troops to the border. we had bipartisan calls from governors at the brder asking to send support. they were ramping up additional hiring of brder patrol.

we had about 7,000 fewer agents than now. ofis was seen as a way assisting the border patrol, supporting them in their efforts and basically freeing up bord patrol agents from some of these collateral duties so they could doore processing and apprehending of people at the border. >> and john, in 2010sident obama sent 12,000s troops-- or national guard. >> 1200. >> i'm sorry1200. what was the situation then. >> if was silar, we had a large number of intrusions into the united statesment primarily from people from mexico. they were trying to evade capture. congress had pgised a bill to more funds for more technology-- and so the idea was to bridges until we could get that new technology in place. that was the thinking then at the time and why we deployed the guard at that time. >> did this decision, president trurp's decision make sense now? i mean picking people up, it has ticked up at the board are but is still at the lowest level since 1970.r >> bortrol has never been better staffed, never been

better equipped and never have fewer activities at the border now. 200,000 am rehengs is lowest in decade n2 o06 ovr a million, with about 12,000 border patrol agents. haat makes sense, when yoe 20,000 border patrol agents am rehending only 300 thown people, these people are surrendlving them. a third of these individuals are working up to border patrol agents and surrendering, not even coming across the border but into the poroft ntry. the idea that we need nalt guard to-- seems ridiculous at this time. >> theresa what is your take. >> iegree, conditions different. one additional factor going on in 2006 is we actually didve a large number of central americans a the that time coming in. they weren't the families, the minors be families coming in now. it was mostly mene and ty were trying to evade. we had issues with processing them because there kontd be returned back across the border. there is some similarity there. but the scale, the scale is completely different. as john ntioned we have had a recent yup tick from month to

month. and a large yupick from a year ago this area but last area was the lowest on record since the 1970s. a lot of people are attributing that to the election of president trump, yes, it is filling up but we are nowhere near the scale we were back then. >> john, you mentioned the deployment and president obamas with to bridgehysical some technology got put into place. >> that's right. >> the president, president trump says this is is until congress takes the action necessary to closehe loopholes that are undermining our border security effor. is that certainlily-- essentially open ghded. what is your thon that. >> it certainly seems open-ended to meevment i think a lot of this is politics. a the boae patrol, there prbt any calls or perceived gaps 6789 st theability to ar people coming in i think is very well established. they have more than enough man power and equipment to handle what is comring though. obviously i think something larger in the political realm is at play witthis decision. >> theresa, what were the wnsides that you worried about, sending active duty

military, essential leigh, to the u.s. boder. >> these are national 2k3w5urd troops so there was a lot of negotiation with the governors there was a lot of discussion internally in the administration about would they be armed. would they be able it do law enforcement aivity, it was pretty clear early on that they were not going to be arresting individuals at the border. they eventually were armed inci certaicumstances. but not at the border. and so that was a lot of the negotiation with the governors. the other big issue wais hot would be paid for. national guard troops are usually under governor's authorities d states with pay for it, unless the federal government reimburses. the federal government di reimburse about 1.6 billion over that deploymenat ill be an issue congress will have to tackle no matter what. >> tresa staying with you, what was the reaction or how did the governors and pentd gone react en you talked about ths or rationed this possibility. >> the pentagon was nervous i think about there ide there were other things going on. remember, this was not that long after 9/11. we had operations going oin

iraq, in afghanistan. where active duty national guard were put into tive duty status and deployed overseas. we weren't that far after cat riba. national guard was still doing a lot of cleanup in those areas. so there were a loof other duties that people wanted the national guard to be doing. this wasn't top of mind. like i said there werle cals and the governors were eager to do it because of the flow happen at the time. so he with worked o outem agts. there were 6,000 at most at any given time over the two years, rdout 29,000 national gua troops on active duty circulated roles.h thos >> with was your experience with the governors and the pentagon? >> the governors were okay with thplan and i think at the time it was very pliltically heated time, there were some goernors calling for moore troops especially in arizona and other republican 2k3w06er in led states but the pentagon was reluctant to domission and concerned about the funding and this draining from other priorities. d it work.ickly >> we transitioned, to make this point quickly, it will be

interesting to see what the president does. within from boots on the ground to the boos in the air after one year. we have fixedg and helicopters that was helpful to the boferredder patrol and was effective. boots on the ground prpbility that effected nif hit dsight and effective as technology krebly deployed. >> whats with your experience. >> it was bridging a gap that the board are patrol was staffing up at the time. it dt. help with tha they did do some of the similar kind of surveillance operation,s monitoring camnd ground sensors and that helped with apprehensions. and so you know, from that standpoint it was a success. but you know it was wound down after two areas in part becauseh national guard was tired. they had been doing a lot of dessions not just at the b during this period of time and defense department was like we would rather wind it wn if we can affordart. >> theresanal brown, thanks so much for explaining this. thank you. ur

>> yang: preon facebook has been mounting for weeks, ofter news broke that tens of millions of userhe social media site had their personal information exploited in waysno the company hapreviously acknowdged. facebook's crisis of confidence, inth both its users and lawmakers, is deepwith new revelations. the social media giant said it now believes that up to 87 million people, mostly in the united states, had their data improperly shared with cambridge analytica, the british-based political consulting firm that worked for the trump campaign and others. facebook c.e.o. and founder mark zuckerberg also admitted that outsiders likely accessed public profiles for most of the platform's two billion users at some point, without explicitrm

sion. it's certain to intensify scrutiny from congressweek when zuckerberg testifies. >> privacy is clearly at risk in america. cd mark zuckerberg ought to be before the judiciamittee in public, under oath. >> yang: the federal trade commission is also investigating facebook for possible violations of a 2011 agreement to protect users' privacy. the trail of trouble began with data collected by a researcher who created personality profiling app on facebook. that gave the researcher access s to information about ten millions of users. facebook says all that information was improperly turned over to cambridge analytica. it then targeted individuals with emotionally charged content on behalf of the trump campaign. >> if you know the personality of the people you' targeting, you can nuance your messaging to resonate more effectively with those key groups.

>> yang: last month zuckerberg spoke to cnn about t scandal. >> so this was a major breach of trust and m really sorry that this happened. you know we have a basic responsibility to protect people's data and if we can't do that then we don't deserve to have the opportunity to servele pe >> yang: it turns out facebook was aware for at least two years that the data was being harvested in this way, but did not disclose intuntil last yesterday, zuckerberg admitted he made a huge mistake. facebook now says it will limit third-party access to data and make it easier for users to remove data-gathering apps from their profiles. the company said that on monday it will begin alerting the users whose data was shared withca ridge analytica. all of this follows earlier disclosus that russian ovocateurs used facebook to place ads and post fake news,ue trying to ine the 2016 election. just a little while ago, judy odruff sat down with top facebook executive sheryl

sandberg. sheryl sandberg, thank you very much for talking with us.nk >> tou for coming to facebook. >> woodruff: so facebook acknowledged yesterday that mo of your two billion users could have this their profile, their personal profile information harvested, stolen. that is a stunningly damaging peeses of information,sn't it? >> well, let's be clear what happened here. in thisd case, we ha feature that enabled to you find your friends. you can find your frends by their name, email or phone number. that was a good use and really important to a lot of people. people who should not have scraped that datreand made a ore of it but what matters here is all the the information they seeferred was already public, they did not scrape any private data. sotit was infor people had already listed on fac publicly. now that doesn't make it okay. we shut wn this use case, we are glad we found it. but it was not a ivate datr

all of those people. >> so was damage done by tis or not? >> well, this plays into the yefer all situation we're in. which is people not trusting how data seussed on facebook. and we know that we did not do a good enough j protecting people's data. i am reallyorry for that, and mark is really sorry. and we're taking strong action. in fact, that announcement is part of the strong action we're taking. we announced two weeks agatha we were going to take a very broad look at howa fcebook data was used. we were going to find problems, shut them down and tell people about it and that is why that announcement happened am but that's not all we are doing. we have shuwn many other use cases in groups, events, pages and search. and starting monday we will begin rolling out to everyone in the world on face book at the top of their news feed a very clear and easy way to see what apps theya hared their dath and an easy way to meet those.

as part of that we will let people know if their data might have been accessed by cambridge analytica. >> woodruff: i want to ask you about that, but whyeren't these steps taken sooner and is there any chance that right now data is being lifted, taken, harvested, if people don't want? >> it's a really important question. and i thwek the anson why this didn't happen sooner really goes back to what acebook was trying to do. we were very focused for the last ten years on building social experiences. and it is important, those are why your friends knur birthday, why you can share play lists. but we wernot focused enough on the possible misuses of data. when we saw specific problems, we shuthose specific problems down. so in the cambridge analytica case, the friends of friend sharing that enabled that, we shut that down in 2015. but what we didt do until now, and to be clear, we are late, but what we are doing nw is looking much more holisticically at all the ways facebook data

seussed. and making a lot of very proactivehanges. woodruff: but on cambridge analytica how certain are you that that data is-- is destroyed, that it's not available to anyone anywhe for use any more. >> with cambridge analytica. we don't know what data or if they have any data at all right now. we were given assurances by them areas ago that thedeled the data. we should have fold up. that's on us. we are trying to do a forensic audit to find out what they have. we started that, the u.k. government is now doing their own investigation, they getce preced so we are waiting. we don't know at all what data they had. the 87 milon people we notified are people whose data might have been accessed by cambridge analytica. so we're giving th most tconservative possible ate and notifying those people but once we do our audit if we can hone it we will be. >> cambridge analytica working with the trump campaign for president, to what extent did

facebook play ain rol electing donald trump. >> the questions on this election, they are big and they are deep. and certainly we have done a lot of soul searching with the role we played on the foreign interns fencer that we did not see or catch early enough on the election. i think ople will be trying to answer that question for a long time and it is an important question. we are very focined on lea the less objects and applying them. so you might have seen thiweek we took down another 270 pictures from the russian ira. those pages are in-- . >> woodruff: internetted research. >> their internet research agency, that is the same organization that tried to inrfere in our election an did put content in our website and interfered. with htwere too slow then, b we found these pages now proactively and we took them down. and some people say, well, these were russia in rusian targeted to russia. our program is clear, this is a troll farm, this is completely deceptive information and there is no place on it-- place for it

on facebook in the united states, in rusa, anywhere the world. we found this and we are proactively going find things like this in other parts of the world. >> woodruff: do you believe facebook played a role in the trump election? >>-- . >> woodruff: in electing donald trump. >> certainly every cdidate at every level used facebook. we also registered 2 million people to voavment of course we atplayed some role in election. what that role was and how that was influenced is someleing peill study for a long time and those are very important questions. in a way isn't the ho out of the barn. you have now lost the confidence of many of your users who were saying they don't know if they could trust facebook, they have to be careful about whathey post. how do you win back the trust that you had from so many people? >> trust say really important thing. you are asking a really important question. anyou know for me personally, the fact that people would not trust us, i take responsibility for that. and that hits hard. and here's what we are doing. we are shifting thwe think

about running our company. we are finding t problems ourselves. ehe problem we found ourselves we started with rything we announced this eck with, we found. because we're taking a proti approach. i am not going to sit here duty and tell threw won't be future problems. there will. we are at the beginning of what is a comprehensive review. we are trying to work quickly but we are trying to work thoroughly. so we are going to announce more thing. things. people are going to try to find new things but here is our commit am this isn't a one-time change or a one-time exercise. this is ongoing beause diseurt and safety is an arms race. you build something, someone tries to a beu it, then we will build the next thing and someone will try to abuse it. we are gng to take a much more proactive stance. we are investing to the point that it changes r company's profit ability so that we can get ahead of that. >> woodruff: you are saying you didn't focus on essome of problems soon enough. some people look at this and say this raises qutions about the whole facebook business model, the concept of facebook in the

first place. because are you basically saying to people, build with great community, communicatwith all your friends and family and we are going to make that information, some of it available to our advertisers. there say disconnect there. people are looking at that and saying can the two things stay-- coexist, can you havein somethat is a community and a commercial venture at the same time, wheree peoe profiting off that information? >> it's a itd kal question and i'm glad you asked. we believe very deeply in our advertising model. because just like tv, it's what naibilities us to make this product available to people all around the world for free. 2 billion people use the product. if it wren't advertising-based, most of those people would not be able to. he deeper question are you asking is can we run an ads business where we serve targeted ads in a way that protects people's privacy. and the answer that is a very clear yes. oe've always built privacy int

our ads models. we do not sell data or give your ertisers data to adv period. what happens on facebook is someone wants to advertise.to we are abl show targeted ads that you will hopefully be interested in without passing any personal data. our commitment tot hamains very strong. and we believe that being able to offer a freservice is very wportant for the community we build. know clearly some good has come out of what facebook does. at the same time you have critics out there saying you, mark zuckerberg, the c.e.o., the others in the leadershiof facebook, let your success go to you are why head, in effect. ere doing so well, you were growing so fast, making so much money, that you forgot about on of the essential promises you made to your users. and that is teir privacy. how do you explain what went wrong inside the leadership, the thinking of facebook? >> well, we made big mistakes and we know that. an i think i really is tht we

were very focused on social experiences. and pretty idealistic, that we believed in a world where people could share ax eperience things together. and we just wernken't thig enough about the bad use cases. and that's on us. we are learning those lessons, so for example, if you think about fake news on faebook, happened quickly, we weren't doing enough, now wee are. re now working very closely with third party fact checkers so we can identify things as false. >> woodruff: but last fall, mark zuckerberg said sometime last year that it was crazy tons think the russere using facebook. it turned out to be the case. i mean, there is a-- the appearance is tht facebook didn't want to see some of the problems until it absolutely had to see them. >> well, mark apologized for comment. he knows it was way too flip. we are taking strong action.k so going b fake news what

we are doing now is that if someone is about to post something that is false, we warn them,ey, our third party fact checkers have said this is false. if y posted something, we go back and warn you. we dramically reduce the distribution and we have a partnership shet up with ap in all 50 states, ahead of the, you know, the u.s. mid term eleio to mark false news. >> woodruff: do people watching this, what do you say to folks who say weltrk happened before at facebook, several big mistakes. how do wknow the won't be another one? what are you changing inside the way you make decisions inside this company? >> well, i'm never going say here and say there won't be more mistakes and i'm never going to sit here and say thereon't be content we don't want on facebook. there are two billion people who post every day. we have a no hate policy but someone is going to post a bit of hate and we will work hard to get it down. but here is what i will say. that we are fundamentally shifting the way we think abut this. we are no longer just trying to

build social experiences. we are also-- we always were concerned about privacy but not enough. we are also taking more proactive step toses get ahead p of thesible misuse. and you are already seeing us do that. >> and what about the bigger question out there, one of the bigger questions out there which is should one priva company have control over this many inter-- interactions, too billion pem growing, how much of a rele is theor government. you and mark zuckerberg have said you are open tsome government regular leation. how much are you open to and ho- cohow far are you willing to go to let an outsider or even a comtitor come in and change the fact that you are dealing with a massive number ofanum on this planet? we've given a lot of thought t that. and we are, we do operate under lots of regulation all er the world. we are in a lot of dialogue now and always but particularly now

z bah there are big questions out there about what role should tech company has just tech companies have particularly in our size and scope. we're not just open togu tion, we're moving a heads of it. so the most likely regulation i the united sta the honest ads act it may or may not pass. 've already built the tool. it's live in canada. there be live in the u.s. before the election andhat it means is that anyone can look at any page on face bk and see all the ads they are running. and for election ads, you will be able to see how much was spent, who paid for it and the demographic. we are going to build a four year look going forld to start showing the data so for years from now, four years of data that is completely industry leading transparency and that we are doi, we are open to the regulation as well, but we can't wait. we have to do more now. >> but for the critics who say fabook needs competitors, it needs to be taken over by somebody else, it needs muchio more regul what do you say? >> i say all of those open

questions, we will see what happens. we have competitors. obviously we compete with but the most important thing i say t m is that we understandr that we wee behind. we are gettinguch more proactive. are you already seeing us this week. it's never going to be perfect. this is an arm's race. we are going to build something. someone is going to try, we will try to get all the hate content off and we are doing better and better but what you will see froms say real commitment and a real belief in what we do every da hi hard is the spin? >> you know, it should be hard. because we have a really big responsibility here. >> we knowhat. >> sheryl sandberg, coo of facebook. thank you very much. >> thank you for coming here to be with . c

>> yang: stay withoming up on the newshour: 50 yearl later, a civirights attorney remembers martin luther king,. jr.'s last mar and a brief but spectacular take from an actress on listening to real people. now to golf, and another step in tiger woods' improbable comeback. it was an up-and-down day forwo s, who ended one-over-par after the opening day of the masters tournament. jeffrey brown has this look at a new best-selling biography of woods. it's the latest edition to the newshour bookshelf. ( cheers and applause ) >> brown: the roar of the crowds, on the way to a top-five finish lt month.rl the club twi the signature fist pumps: it's a tiger woods many, including woods himself, thought may never be seen again.

>> if you would've asked me at the beginning of the year that i would'vead the chance to win two golf tournaments, i would've taken that in a heartbeat.wi if i can pla no pain and i can ,el like make golf swings i'll figure it out. >> brown: all eyes aow on the 42-year-old, as he's set to compete in his first masters tonament since 2015.k it was bac 1997 on the famous augusta, georgia course that a 21-year old woods first made his mark on golf history, becoming the youngesplayer ever to win the coveted green jacket, by a staggering 12 strokes. he would become the mor dominant gold one of the greatest athletes of his era. but in 2009 came thefall: a tiger few knew, public admission of rampant infidelity, divorce, and a break from golf.

injuries also took a toll, before major back surgery last year helped start a comeback. the larger life story is now told in a new biography, "tiger woods," by veteran sports journalists jeff benedict and armen kateyian who joins me now from new york. armen, it's nice to talk to you again. first, remind us of tiger woods the great maybe the greatest what allowed him to be so. >> well, he had the entire package. he was the most powerful golfer you know ever really to walk the face of the earth one is when he stepped on the tour his swingba speed hi striking ability saidmind to tiger himsel my greatest weapon was you know my creative genius on the golf course and then you match that with almost this indomitable will a willingness to crush his opponents and really take the heart out of his opponents. time a time again on the golf course it was the complete package.

and then you add in the charisma and his captivating ality on the course. and he literally was unbelievable y know unreadable. >> brown: you trace a lot of this to his early life. the parents who shaped him sometimes drove him. many remembethat father son embrace in 1997. so it's a loving rationship but also one that in some ways warped himo question. >> i mean, it's a very complicated relationship betwe tiger and his parents. the family dynamic drives the tire narrative of our bo you could argue that he was programmed to be you kprw a igy by his parents both good and bad. but there's a cost associated with that. and that's one of the things i think the book does so well. it examines the family dynamic in a way both pro and con. but it also raises serious questions about the price of

fame and the cost. >> brown: well you know we allin he public learned about this other side of tiger woods only in 2009. but your showi was always there but always hidden and quite guarded. >> no question he was private person.as this shy, awkward, socially awkward child who burst onto the scene with almost unimaginable fame, extreme fame and fortune. and he was overwhelmed by it for quite a while and he became very isolated and he becameery distrustful of the media. h and thbegan to enjoy all the pleasures of the fame and fortune. t then there was this other side of him that really is rather unlikable for the longest period of time entitlement on very little gratitude and grace towards other people who werdoing things for him. and literally jeff as we're writing this book the's a whole arc obviously to the book but there's points in time when whjeff and i are writing ie

we're having trouble writing it because he's not a very likable person during a long stretch of his life. >> brown: how far when the fall happened as you looked at it how far down do you think he went psychologically? just in his life? >> well put itnto context in terms of 2009. i mean his epic fall from grace was fodder for the "new york post" for 21 straight days, a record 21 straight days more time than after 9/11. he was on every cable television station. it was the beginning of tmz and the blowup of social med. it was an absolute humiliating experience for tiger and it stayed with him for a long period of time and it added todi hirust of the media. and then on top of that he has a obvorce heoes through a very serious long term m with injuries that require four back obsurgeries and an opiate m you could say an opiate addiction.

i mean he has had virtually every aspe of his life. is shakespearean and that's what's so interesting about it. but on the other hand, team tiger and his management pple have protected tiger.th driving question for us in this book was two things really. who is tiger woods? and that is a question that his people have protected for basically 20 years. and what's the price of genius? well and that's a that's a complicated answer. >> brown: and yet here we are on the cusp of a masters whereso tiger woodhow is among the favorites. you have sponsors talking again about maybe signing up with him. a new narrative where do you think we are. >> i think you're absolutely right. some things haven't changed but tiger has changed. h helthy emotionally. he's in the best spirits and shape of his life. he was engaged with fans he was more outgoing. he's more he's more human than he's ever been. and i think that's what makes

this masters the risthe retribution right now infeis o captivating and we end the book on a very positive note in terms of he's about ready to show a new generation of golfing pros and his children who have never seen him at his peak. what a living lege looks like. >> brown: okay. we'll be watching. the w book is "tiger woods" jeff benedict and armen keteyian. thanks a lot. >> thank you, jeff. >> yang: we return to our series of conversations about the le of the reverend martin luther king junior, who was murdered 50 years ago this week. in his final days, dr. king traveled to memphis to lend his voice to the city's black sanitation workers, who were protesting the poor working conditions. by the time he arrived, they had been on strike for more than six weeks.

fred davis served as the chair of memphis city council's public works commite and helped negotiate an end to the strike. he marched with dr. king and wao presenthe civil rights leader's final speech before his assassination, whe"ihe declared e been to the mountaintop." judy spoke with him before she went to california. when dr. king came to memphis what was the condition of the sanitation workers? how were they dong? >> they were not going well at all. they were makes-- making less than a dollar an hour and they were discriminateed again in the sense that even at that level, all of the truck drivers were people wh of the picked up the tubs and tack them to the truck were black. the truck drivers, even though they were not out in the rain and t he heain that kind of thing, had showers.

the men did not have showers. >>he men who picked up the tub. >> the men who picked up theha garbage did noe showers. sometimes the-- was putrifihe whenpicked them up and all that stuff was running down on their clothes. d most of them did not have enough money to buy a car. and they would get on public transportation with that kind of smell on them. i heard one fella sa that when he got home his wife made him change clothes outside before he came in. and that is the kind ofth conditions tha were working under. >> you were there for that speech that he gae the night before he died. tell us about that. it was a very rainy night. it was rainy cdts an dogs.

the council members came in through the side door. the place was packed. there was no capacity. and i, since there was no room out in the audience, i compliemed up some steps that was going up to the edge of the stage. so that's how i can claim to be sitting on the stage when he made that speech. >> dr. king came and you heard the speech. >> dr. king came in, there was no papers, no notes, no anything. he just walked to the stage a started to speak. >> and i see the promiseland.t i may get there with you, but i want you to know tonight that we are the as a people will bet to the promise land. >> of course that was the speech that everyone remembers about dr. king 78ut the next time

came in contact or knw what it had happened was when he was shot. >> right. >> on april 4th. >> we were in a meeting at the hotel across the street from city hall. there were nine of us in that meeting.et and we hadmined that we were going to settle the strike that day am we got a call from city hall saying turn the turn the television on. and when we turned the television oand we heard what would happen, there were three rican-american councilman all togeths . the two ofre this that room, we came loose. i mean it was havoc. >> he remained in memphis over all these years, how mucrh har was it after he was gone and yt you keep going.

how? >> you have to keep going. the problem doesn't go away. as long as you are black in america you have problems. because it's more intense in so areas than it is in other areas. but it isl there aways. >> finally, if someone wants to know how are the sanitation workers doing today in memphis, tennessee, compared to back in the day when markitin lutng was trying to help them, what what you say? >> i said the sanitation workers are doing much better. but there is a way to go. there has been some progress. but the heart and the soul of memphis and the south is slow to change. and that's where we have to to

deal with. and when i said the heart and the soul, i mean the attitudes of the powers that be. to change. one of the things i havsaid is that you can't keep a man in a ditch unless u stand the with him. now and that region is noted for the lowest educational attainment, the morbidity, mortality rate, the mortality rate, all of these things wbd to make life not as good as it could be in thosiers. and we have to deal with that. >> fred davis who was there with dr. king, working on everything that dr. king was working on in 1968, and are you still there fighting the fielt. >> absolutely. >> thank you very much.

>> thank >> yang: tomorrow night, we conclude our sers with special correspondent charlayne hunter- gault's conversation with entertainer and king confidant harry belafonte. >> yang: now to our newshour shares, something interesting that caught our eye. ray stanfo has been looking for dinosaurs in creek beds and rivers for over 30 years. despe being a self-taught tracker, stanford is something of a legend among paleontolosts. producer pamela rkland has the story. six years ago, he made his biggest discovery -date. >> there's part of a track down to the lower right. >> reporter: when it comes to tracking dinosaurs, ray stanford is a natural. stanford is a self-taught paleontologist known for his

talent for finding dinosaur fossils from the cretaceous er 140 to 65 million years ago. in 2010, while visiting his wife sheila, an information specialist at nasa's goddard space flight center, he noticed loose rock. >> this is the theropod track that ultimately led to the gra discovery. >> reporter: on a separate visit two years later, a rock on the ugllside, not far from the first track he found, his eye. >> if you would've told me this, i would never have believed that i was going toind something like this. >> reporter: this time, it was the footprint of a nodosaur, the cretaceous period's version of an armadillo. beneath the ound, there were re tracks stanford couldn't see. after years of analysis, it turns out he'd stumbled upon one of the best fossil trackways in the world. >> over 100 tracks. over 40 mammal tracks of at

least three and probably five species ofammals at least three species of dinosaur tracks and probably two or threes spec flying reptile tracks. >> reporter: at least 110 million years ago, these dinosaurs-- sauropods and nodosaurs-- small mammals --an flying reptiles, like the pterosaur, crossed paths on the 8.5 ot slab of sandstone. because none of the prints overlap, experts think the tracks occurred over the course of a few days or hours. they remained untouctil now. this replica is displayed in goddard's earth science building in greenbelt, maryland. the original sits in a warehouse in maryland for further study. if not for stanford, they discovght have been lost to construction. at the time, nasa had planned to build on the site. >> i had walked by that place probably 30 or 40 times and i

thhad no idea there was sog t cool right there. >> reporter: comptker is a climate researcher at nasa and oversaw the excavation of the four ton stone.na tapped tucker for his experience working on archeological digs to fi buried ruins. >> we found where the sandstone was. we organized a team of volunteers to come in on weekends. and we dug out all of the rocks we found in our survey, and onei of those rocthe amazing rock which has the track ray stanford found. >> these people are used to looking into space, not into ancient time-- lking down. >> reporter: stanford has been looking at tracks for over 25 years,hanks to his 10-year-old son's curiosity in dinosaurs. >> joel, at a second hand bookstore said daddy let's get this book on tracking dinosaurs. got the book and we began to find dinosaur tracks in the stream although we'd read another book that said that nothing had be found in the d.c./maryland area. >> reporter: since then, stanford has tripled the number of dinosaurs and winged reptiles

identified in the state of maryland. one of his finds, a hatchling of a baby nodosaur-- the only hatchling of an armored dinosaue inorld-- sits on display at the smithsonian national museum onatural history. this one is my favorite footprint. >> reporter: his house is full he and his wife sheila estimate they've collected over 1,000. >> theropod flesh-eatingsa di. >> reporter: for stanford, fossil hunting is second nature. >>t's a gift. it's a it's a habit that grows the more you do it the betr you get at it. >> reporter: after unearthing his largest find, the 79 year- old is still searching for the next big discovery. >> you get addicted, i confess. you just keep on tracking. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm pamela kirkland in greenbelt, maryland. >> yang: finally, we turn to another installment of our weekly brief but spectacular series where we ask about

their passions. tonight, actor, playwright and activist anna deavere smith, widely known for her roles in "the west wing" and "nurse jackie." she has also earned critical acclaim for her one-woman shows. the latest, "notes from the field," recently airedn hbo. smith shares her unique process for getting into character. >> when i was a girl, my graydfather said that if you a word often enough, it becomes you. and i've been trying to become america word-for-word in the way that you would think about putting yourself in other people shoes and putting myself inle other pe words. i interview people, and i learn what they say and try to put ingether a lot of disparate parts of interviewne whole in order to make a currentob m come alive. for me, there are certain points in any interview that i do that

people start to speak in a way where the rhythm, you know, leads me to believe that there's emotions stored in there. e d so, as an actor, emotions are my fuel and the the types of moments that i want to reenact onstage. this is not the time for us to be playing the lottery, to be at the horo.seshoe cas this is not the time for us to be walking i was a mimic as a cnd, you know, i guess you could say what i'm doing now is a more respectable version of that, ich was, you know, inevitably, mimicking is a little bit subversive. i don't mean to be subversive, i'm not an impressionist. i'm delighted if audiences think something's funny, but i'm not making fun of a person. my most recent play, "notes from the field" was based on my having done 250 interviews around the united states on the subject of what we call the school to prison pipeline. i'm interested in complicating

the narrative and revealing to the people in my audience that there are many narratives.th more roots you have going off in directions and grabbing the ground, you're probably gonna be a stronger tree that would be my objective. all of my works of art, as a form of activism i don't have answers, i don't indict people, i can let theju es do that, i can let the media do that.dr i'm atist. and so, you know, a drama is always aonstructive journey, where something is lost and then it's going to regained.we to new orleans right after katrina. d to watch people lookin around at everything they lost and trying to make sense and making an impromptu plan is really important to me in how i view the world. you know, you could say, "oh my goodness. isn't that-- you know, that must be so ha. doesn't that make you sad? for me, it's the opposite, it shows me just how inventive people are.

i believe that the theater and other art forms are opportunity to convene people around these issues and ask them while they're sitting together, to do something. my name is anna deavere smith, and this is my brief but spectacular take on listening to people. >> yang: you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, s.org/newshour/brief. n on tshour online right now, an expert on personal finance for young peopleex ains when and how you should start talking to your kids about money to establish good habits.o that and more our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm john yang. join us onli and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and reihan salam. for all of us at, he pbs newshoank you and see you soon. >> major fding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> my dad once said to me, tragedy has a way of defining people. >> what the hell hpened, teddy? >> they're treating this like a crime scene. >> we tell the truth-- or at least, our version of it. >> senator, when can we expect some answers? >> we're in this deeper than i thought. >> these theatrics are not going to hold up in a court of law. >> what have i done? >> chappaquiddick, rated pg-13. april 6. >> babbel. a language app that teaches e conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

kevin. l advice fe >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. urand by contributions to bs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, ll captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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