captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on tis edition for saturday, april 7: the texas national guard is deployed to the u.s.-mexico border. from oklahoma to puerto rico, americanchools in crisis. in our signature segment, arizona's intensive probation program, saving money and keeping people out of jail. >> people weren't changing, and sitting down withers, people were getting kind of we're hitting our head against the wall. what can w do differently that would really make a difference in people's lives? >> sreenivasan: next on "pbs newshoureekend." >> "pbs newshour weekend" is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl anphilip milstein family. e and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation.

the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter rg barbara hope zucker corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized indidual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. >> additional support has been provided by: and byon the corporaor public broadcasting, and by contributotionour pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thank you for joining us.bi changes could be coming to the way border patrol agents process undocumented immigrantse ng the u.s. from mexico. last night, president trump signed a memo directing his administration to study ways to end what is often called "catche and e," for border crossers awaiting their immigration hearings.

this is not the first time president trump has attacked the practice. he called for an end to "catch ase" in an executive cretary james mattis signedle off on using the defense department budget to send up to 4,000 national guard troops t the border. the departments of defense and homeland security issued a join statement saying they are working closely with governors ie address "vulnerabi" along the border. the response from state governors has been mixed. f r, two states-- arizona and texas-- have announced plans to send troops. the texas national guard has already begun deploying.50 guardsmen >> the texas national guard is preparing to immediately deploy with supporting aircraft, vehicles and equipment to the texas-mexico border. >> sreeninavasan: ariovernor doug ducey announced on twitter that his statwould deploy 150 ard members to the border next week. oregon's kate brown and nevada's brian sa the plan to send their national guard troops to the border. a spokesman for new mexico

governor susana martinez-- a ll support to nar state'ses her onal guard, but has not released any plans to deploy troops. califoiaovernor jerry brown, a democrat, has not yet made any public comments on the issue, but a spokesman for california's national guard said, "we look forward to more detail, including funding, duration and end state." president trump says these are a necessary response to a threat. however apprehensions along the border are historic lows compared to when presidents bush and obama asked for tsinforcemen and another immigration issue highlighted by president trump is the caran of central american migrants traveling north through mexico.f hundredsigrants are heading to mexico city, but it's unclear how many plan u.s. border. the the advocacy group "pueblo sin fronteras"-- or people without borders-- leads the annual caravan meant to help migrants safely reach the united states. they say the majority of this group is from honduras. some migrants traveling with c thavan plan to stay in mexico, while others are planning to seek asylum in the u.s.

the taxpayer price tag for embattcoled e.p.a. head, pruitt's security detail is nearly $3-million. that's according to a new report from the associated press. it details pruitt's use of a 20- person security detail, which is about three times biggeethan former head of the agency. the $3-million includes first- class travel for pruitt and his security chief during business trips. his security detail also accompanied pruitt during weekend trips to his home in oklahoma and on a familyli vacation to rnia-- which included a visit to disney land. an.p.a. spokesperson said that pruitt's increased security was due to an unprecedented number of threa family.t him and his the agency did not offer any specific examples of such threats. former trump campaign chairman paul manafort is challging how evidence being used in the criminal case against him as par tt russia investigation was gathered. a redacted search warrant affidavit shows that f.b.i. agents working for special counsel the records during a search of his storage unit last may. now, manafort is claiming that

agents entered the property with permission from a former employee who was not authorized to let them in, even though the empreloyee's name appead on the storage unit's lease. manafort is facing several piarges including money- laundering consracy and conduercting unregied work as t.foreign agen at least three people are dead and twenty others injured after a vadrove into a crowd in th german city of muenster. police say the driver, who has not yet been identified, shot and killed himself after the crash and they are l for a possible motive. the crash occurred near a popular bar in muenster's historic downtown area. will new u.s. sanctions on duals beindi effective read more at pbs.org/newshour. there are approximately 4.5 milliotin americans on pro or parole. that's nearly four times what it was in 1980. but how effective is the system at keeping people from re-offending and ending up back behind bar

for the past decade, arizona's adult pr been quietly changing the way it does business, engaging with offenders in surprising ways. and the approaches are yielding sults. newshour weekend's christopher booker reports. >> ( laughs ) >> repter: watching douglas minkner with his seven-month-old son makes it hard to picture his past. >> are you ready forome more? i started smoking heavy in seventh grade. i mean, every single day, c was going tss high. >> reporter: the son of a police officer, minkner has a long track record with addiction. his drug use started with marijuana in elementary school, then came ecstasy and scaine as a hiool freshman, and finally crystal methamphetamine and heroin. >> i just didn't want to stop. i wanted to do that every single day of my life. that's where my trouble began. >> reporter: and the trouble was criminal, including breakinbu and-enteringrglary and narcotics possession. racking up nine felonies by the time he was 20, he spent mitt of his daysr behind bars or on probation.

>> back when i was younger on probation, when i was in high school, it was just es--- essentially, "did he test day? did he collect... test clean? did he do his community service?" that's it. and it was almost just like a... a nagging parent, where somebody was just like, "hey, you know what you're supposed to be doing. why an't yodoing it? okay, you're not going to do it? jail." >> how are you doing? that's okay! : reportt recently, things have improved. he just celebrated one year sober. thperson he credits is his probation officer, kelli watson. >> addiction is difficult deal with. if you lock them away, they may be sober for the amount of time they're locked away. but as soon as they get out,ht they come rack to where they are. now, i try and find a good balance between holding them accountable but also understanding that we're all human beings. >> reporter: because arizona considers minkner a high-risk individual, watson supervises him under what t state calls intensive probation supervision, or i.p.s.

it's part ofen innovat overhaul of the system thatlv invoes fitting the right kind of probation to the right person. >> you can stop there, douglas all are zeros, so thanks so much. negative for alcohol. >> obviously, probation isn't something that you want to be on. it's not something that you enjoy being on. >> reporternki.p.s. means r lives under house arrest. watson must approve every hour of his day. that includes treatment, group thk erapy, his whedule, even time just watching his son. s he runs out of diapers and needs to go to tore, he must ask watson for permission. had you been on probation in the way you're on probation now as a young person, your path may hav gone in a different direction? >> absolutely. 110%, in my opiniove i would otten the help that i needed. i would've had a positive relationship with an actual public figure that is wanting to make a change and a difference in peoples' lives. and who knows where that would have actually led me? one year sober. >> that's a huge moment. that's a long time, douglas. >> it's the longest i've pulled in a 26 years of this life of mine. ( laughs ) plus, having you guys on my side, as well.

you know, doing these check-ins at first, i've got to admit, they were really kind of like a in like, "ah, here they are again at my door!" but, i mean, it's... it's different now. h >> reporte do you view kelly? who is she to you? >> so, honestly say, is somebody that i can go to if i need help, if i'm struggling and she has the resources to be able to give to me so i can get my problem resolved. >> reporter: the nature of the relationship between minkner and officer watson is not accidental. rather, it's a reflection of a radical retooling of arizona's adult probation department that was rolled out statewide in 2008. between 2008 and 2016, there was a 29% decline in probation violations and a 21% decline in arrests of people on probation. that translates to fewer people behind bars. and because it costs just over $66 per day to keep someone in prison, and less than $22 a day to put them on probation, arizona says it has saved more than $461 million since 2009. ng the easiest way to explain it is, we weren't bery

successful. >> reporter: barbara broderick has been spearheading arizona's changes in adult probation since 2004. >> people weren't changing, they weren't succeeding, they were failing at a great rate. and sittceing down with offi, people were getting kind of... d e're hitting our hainst the wall. what can we do differently that would reallyake a difference in people's lives?" >> reporter: they began, says broderick, by personalizing their dealings with each probationer... >> if i didn't apologize, she'd still be upset about it. >> reporter: ---leas ing the deta their lives and the patterns of their negative behavior. >> i'm not upset with her. t with situations work. >> good, good one. i like that one. >> reporter: the department works to change thoro patterns byding classes that help them create goals and learn coping skills. >> what aryou thinking? did you use... take others' feelings into account before i do something. >> reporter: the idea is to get to the bottom of what is driving the criminal behavior. they also reduced the number of cases for officersike kelli watson, so they can spend more time with offenders on i.p.s. >> hey!

>> the syorting of people rea gave us the ability to basically spend more time with the moreff ult... the medium to high- risk individuals, and le l time with t-risk individuals. ns tomorrow if t same negative feedback starts coming back in? what then? >> i pick up the phone, and i call you. >> reporter: scott gibson is what's called a standard probation officer. that mea the majority of offenders he oversees are lower- risk than officer watson's, and he sees more of them. that doesn't mean they aren't required to check in with him once aonth, attend group therapy and perform community service. and like watson, gibson's been specially trained to know the details of each of their stories. >> if building a... a rapport y and letting them know that you're really trying to help them is what works, then... then that's huge. >> reporter: but arizona is not just trying to change the way offenders thinkct andit's trying to do the same with probation officers. the officers discuss what's working with their cases, what's not and how they might be able to improve

outcomes. >> so, these two types of interventi effective in changing offender behavior over the long-term. if this is what works, this is at we've been shown to work, why not do it? >> reporter: but what happens with the toughest of cases?is kristin patric three-time felon--- >> hi, kristen. >> reporter: ---a crystal meth addict who relapsed just six weeks ago while under officer kelli watson's supervision. >> let's just do a normal walkthrough. >> reporter: in arizona, a state thatas mandatory minimum sentences, that has traditionally put a person right back in jail. >> all right, let's do a quick breathalize if you don't mind. >> i've never not been arrested for screwing up. you know what i mean? it's kind of like clockwork for me. so, i just expected that. i was blown away when she walked away and sni in the back of her car or something, you know. and then, i sat there all nightn ng, "should i run? should i run?" but i didn't. >> reporter: why did you cide not to run? >> because of the way kelly handled it.

i've done this so many times. like, why can't i just get it right? and it's so frustrating. and i was just, like, "but she didn't say i'm going to jail." that's m main goal right now, is to stay out of jail, like, so i can be a part of my kids're liverdless of what that looks like. and because she didn't arrest me, i did the thinking tool that she.'s started to push on >> in this situation, what's somethi... what's a new ought you could have had? >> don't reach out enough. and i need to... i need to start doing that because obviously what i've done in the past isn't working. >> write it down. that'shsood. ( la ) >> i've done several of these activities, and i've actually caught myself in the middle of like, implementing it. so, i know that it's working. >> i hope she feel hthat i do ha best interest in mind and that i'm not here to lock d... and throw away the key. and as long as she's willing to work on herself, i'm willing too with her, too.

>> sreenivasan: the trials of the amican education system are often under-covered, so tonight we'll get updates on two dierent communities and how they're coping with school systems on the brink. in puerto rico, education officials announced 283 of the island's schools will close this summer. they blame the post-hurricane maria economic slump along with a drop in student enrollment because of families leaving puerto rico. we'll have more from merto rico inent. but first to oklahoma, where some of the state's largest school districts will remain closedn monday. the state's largest teachers union says it will tak40more than theillion approved friday by lawmakers to end their walkout. ben felder is a reporter with the oklahoman and joins me from oklahoma city. we're entering day six now. by the time we get to day eight what's the sticking point?

what's holding people back from finding and breaking through to deal? >> the teacher walkout started last monday with educators demanding more money for public schools. prior to the walkout, the state legislature had approved over $400 million in tax increases to fund some education funding, bmt ly for teacher patriotic which ranked near the last in the country. about a $6100 raise was coming to teachers,nd lawmakers thought that they had averted the walkout. but etn'ators said that w enough. it actually wasn't untilled from that we saw the oklahma education association, the state's largest teachers' union, put some sp dificemands on what it would take to end the walkout. the two demands are for e governor to repeal the bill that removes theot h-motel tax, and for the legislature to vote for a repeal of the capital gains reduction, which would generate more than $100 million. >> sreenivasan: how do some ofe things affect? is it teacher pay or books in the classroom? the teacher pay issue saz

hemingly been solved for the time being pup actually don't hear m talk of teacher pay at the capitol where tens of thousands have gathered each day for reallys. what they're saying is more money needs to be pumped into classroom. over the last deck aerkd education funding from the state has declined almost 9%, almost 20% when you adjust for inflation. that's the largt cut in the nation. many schools say they can't afford text books, resources, technology. some schools, especially in rural mmunities have,urned to four-day school weeks. educator s have been saying there's not enough money from the state going to education. it's been declining over th0e last 1 years, and they want to see the legislature act in put something stial funding boost into the education fundin. stre >> sreenivasan: earlier in the week, we had a story on the "newshour" site with some o the tattered textbook textbooks thas were posting online. you have been to some of these

classrooms. how bad is t>>e situation? n some places it is pretty challenging for teachers, glowft because of the lack of support staff that some schools are unable to afford,ike counselors or librarians. at when you go into some schools you do s lack of technology. you do see tattered text books. i talked to a parent this weekwh said her daughter's fixture book she brought home still has george bush as t president. lots of teachers and parents and students that were at the capitol this week actually brought photos that they put on their signs to show some of the conditions in their schools. you know j the stateust launched a new education standards program wiw goals, and education leaders say if they are to meet those new academic standards and progress as a state in their school system, that they're going to need more funding. and at this point, teachers said th they had just had enough. >> sreenivasan: finally, this is happening in a state that's pretty tax averse. >> yeah, that's correct. you know, the legislature, like i said, last week had paed more than $400 million in taxes.

that was a pretty-- really was t ic moment for the state. it was the first time that the legislature had passed taxes sie the early 90s. it actually takes a three-fourths vote in the legislature to pass taxes. and llat's been a ry high bar you know, a lot of lawmakers say they've already do they can, and they're not willing to cast another "yes" vote for more t increases, especially as many of them go back home to some very tonservative parts of the state and tr defend that vote as primaries come up in a couple monthsan >> sreenivben felder, reporter if the "the oklahoman," chining us from oklahoma city, thanks so >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: turning now to puerto rico, and what's at stake there fo teachers i am joined via skype from san juan by danica coto of the associated press. .so, first of all, ythe closure? >> well, the department of education has said in the past three deck aerkdpuerto rico s seen school enrollment drop at 42%, and since may have last year, enrollment has dropped by 38,7

most of it is due to the economic crisis, but in addition, there's been roughly 5,000 people who have left after hurricane maria. so mostf is due to the drop, in addition to them wanting te o consolidhools and save some money. >> sreenivasan: so what happens to the teachers. wh happens to the buildings? sure, well, there's about 4,700e hers who will be affected. the secretary of education has promised that no one will lose their job. so the plan is r toedistribute them to other schools. and those who need more training will receive more trainihng expect ten one of the biggest complaints is exactly that-- what wil happen to the schools? puerto rico, from 2010 to 2015, has closed abt 150 schools, and then last year, they closed 1anoth schools, and now, there's about 283 schools that they're closing. and most of them have become a blight. across the island. some have been turned into community centers. the governor today will make

announcement about how some of these schools will be refurbished. but, ove people are complaining that they've become an eyesore. >> sreenivasan: the refurbishment would cost money, and money right now the government doesn't seem to have a lot of extra. >> correct. some of these are being done, some of these refurbishings are being done with help from municipalities, with help from the private sector. but, again, byrgnd , most ai these schools have been abandoned and r abandoned. >> sreenivasan: let's talk about the student composition as well and one ohthe facts jumped out from one of the stories you had writtene recently, ecial needs population that is higher in puerto rico than america-- the mainla >> correct.say. puerto rico has about 38% of its students, which is roughly 319,000 public school students. 30% of them have special needs, which is about twice the average of the u.s. mainland. so the concerns wh many of these parents affected by the school closure, you know, who ll teach their kids? how will their education b

disrupted? and in addition, what kind of resources will be allocated to thes new schools. >> sreenivasan: let's also put this in the context of the larger conversation happenineron rico about privatization. how do charter schools play into this? >> well, tle governor rec signed a bill that would establish charter school programs in 10% of puerto rico schools, which so far span about 1110 schools. old he'll provide student sc vowchesser to about 3% of the population. that, too, has been opposed by unions here, teachers here. largely beuse they say they worry this will fall into private hands, that public funds should bused, you know, directly for the students and not placed in private hands.or they about corruption. they worry about mismanagement, and overall, they felt it might go down the road, the same road puertpuerto rico's government dd tveral decades ago. >> sreenivasan: re an equal distribution of how these schools are being closed down? is it different out in the rural

areaersus theity centers? >> yes, there's a difference. most of em are in rural areas. the closures have occurred, or will occurcross the island. most of them are rural areas. e salinas, fmple, will see atne of its 12 schools close. and it's l along the southern coast of the island. in addition, patillas will see about half of their schools closed. and on the north coast, there are several municipalities that will see to 46% of its schools closed. and, again, the concer parents is if you don't have a car or, you know, how will these students get to their n to their new schools? there's nano ortation or if it's going to take longer. parents just feel there's going to be a lot of interruption to their lives. >> sreenivasan: all right, danica coto of the associated press joining us via skype tonight. thanks so much. >> thank you very much. >> this is "pbs newshour weekend," saturday.

>> sreenivasan: michigan is a free bottled water program in flint after tests showed that lead levels have fallen below the federal safuty limit,any residents fear the water is still not safe to drink. thise latest chapter in the water crisis that started in 2014 when officials switched flint's water source to the flint river without treating it properly. this in turn caused lead levels to rise in the city's drinking water. a pineapple express is dumping rinecord rainfall and trigg floods in northern california. the storm got its name because it originated in hawaii. authorities warned that parts of wine country still recovering from wildfires could face flash floods, mudflows and rockslides. the storm forced yosemite national park to close ounds and a major league baseball game between the san francisco giants and the los angeedles dodgers was raut. a palestinian journalist killed during yesterday's protests along the gaza/israeli border was laid to rest today. yasser murtaja was one of nine people killed during yesterday's clashes.

he was carrying a camera and wearing a flak jacket idtifying him as press when he was shot. the associated press reports the israeli military claims it only fired on "instigats" and did not comment specifically on murtaja's death. a bus carrying a junior hockey ague team collided with a truck in saskatchewan canada last night, killing at least 14 and critically injuring three. the humboldt broncos players aged between 16 and 21 were on their way to compete in a playoff game when the accident occurred. on "pbs newshour weekend sunday," as the twentieth anniversary of the good friday agreement approaches, the constant violence in northern iry eland gone, but there is still work to be done.20 >> eveears later, when we've done all these different things-- institutional change, constitutional change, administration of justice, new policing, social and economic development-- all of these kinds of things, w still have a problem of attitudes not having changed.

>> sreenivasan: finally tonight, on the week we marked 50 years since the assassination of martin luther king jr.late civil rights leader's nine-year- old granddaughter, yolanda r king, hosted a group of children aterested in engaging their communities today anta. in addition to other king family members and young cel irities, guesluded ten-year-old amariyanna copeny who brought attention o the flint water crisis and 14-year-old singer mackenzie walker who used profits from her music to help orphans. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weehand." i' sreenivasan. thanks for watchi. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and family.milstein

sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing cusd tomidividual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation fo public broadcasting, and by contributions outopbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs.

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