♪ hello and welcome to kqed newsroom, tonight, onspecial edif our show, youth takeover. we will be featuring the input andperspectives of bay area high school a students as the guests and interviews. >> i'm a junior in high school and i'm one of many high school students participating in kqed . productio >> and on this program, we will discuss various issues before the u.s. supreme court, incling immigration. >> also, how e-cigarettes arein marketed and especially to youth. >> and important to students every day. school lunch. let w starth e cigarettes. >> you may have seen these

devices, e-cigarettes are marketed as a healthier alternative to e-cigarettes. ey heat up a liquid that us vapor that users inhale. lar a multi-million d industry and their popularity is soaring among teens. more than two million school students have reported using them in the past month. they ae looking in to how they are marketed to youth using kandsy like flavors. joining us is dr. mark rubi rubinstein and our special young guest, el cerrito high school jr. thank you to your yoth. r report release last month is the first of its kind, what type of potentially did youausing chemicals find in teens that use the

e-cigarettes and at what? leve >> we were looking at different chemicals that we know are carcinogenic in adult smokers and we wanted to see if tnsy were in that vape. and three in particular that some of the viewers may be aware of has been in the media. all three have been associated with cancer and although they were in lower levels , they we three times higher than the control group. >> what surprised you the about your findings? >> i think i was surprised because many of thes k only reported vaping a few times a month. and only one on or two times a day. and i was surprised to even find those chemicals in them at such lowevels of exposer. >> and ask a doctor, what concerns do you have abo the health risks of vaping on teens who's bodies and bilins are

developing? >> i am very concerned about theses produc i know when i was a teenager, a lot of my friends tried smoking and cigarettes sort of burned the back of their throat and irmade them smell and t parents could smell it. these products do not burn the back of the throat, smell good and parents don't know what the smell is.o, ids are able to vape at home. andun unfoely, because these products have nicotine in them and it's highlyaddictive, i'm afraid that many of the teens are going to be addicted to nicotine because of the products. >> but what about the flavored e-cigarettes without nick oh, he te -- without nicotine, are they dangerous as well? >> well, we think they are, t same cancer causing agents are found in the products. it's not so much the nicotine that is causing the chemicals, it's the other solvents in the product. >> within your circle of

friends, do you see a lot of vaping? >> i defintely do, not within my immediate circle of friends, but in classrooms sometimes, the vaping products are easy to conceal, especially if they are juul devices, they look like flash devices and pens, they are easy to hide. it'sore evident. >> why do you the think they do it? >> so, i you spoke with three teenagers at our school this m about k to talk to t vaping and why they do it. and what they soeem to tell me is, it helps them feel better about themselves. and they feel more ted in their friend group. they think it's something that is cool. but also, one of the students that i spoke with said it helped to calm her anx and it helped her deal with, you know, her frustrations. and i wonder if there's any truth to that. >> um, there is some truth to thatity. so, just like coffee, nicotine

is ant stimul drug, it can wake you up if you are sleepy and it canla r you and add on top of you if you are dependant on thei tine, just like coffee, when you are not getting the nicotine, you can fe or edgy or antsy and you require nicotinm to help courself down. >> so it's addictive? >> yes. >>so, in california, you have to be 21 to buy tobacco products. how were your friends and counterparts getting their hands -- >> online. >> online. >> is for the most part online. s that not just on websit are specifically directed to people thavape, it's on amazon. and e bay, andy it's, t buy it through their friends who acts is it online. so, it's notust about getting it at the corner store anymore. it's all done online. >> so, thi gets to the issue of marketing. arketing, the fda announced a

crack down on under age uof- age marketing of aopular brand, juul do you think the federal government is doing enough? >> a i applaud theiion. at least they are finally taking action. i do not think their going far enough. i think that some of the flavors are clearlyargeted towards teens and that needs to be addressed. already the dfdas not allow flavored cigarettes because we kids.it targets so, i think they need to crack down on the flavors right away. >> so they have bubblegum and strawberry shortcake, what else have you seen out there? >> cotton candy. e talked about rainbow unicorn flavors. sannd juul labs is based in francisco, we reached out to them and they gave us this response of. basicallyyi sa that they agree

to the fda that illegal sales of the product to minor is not acceptable. we are working to combat under age use,fhat do you make the statement? >> well, i'm glad they made the st nement. i diice that they are making changes to their product line. they are starting to releasere adult friendly flavors. however, some of the kid friendly flavo like mango, which used to say for a limited time only are n just on there as a permanent flavor. so maybe they should start to get rid ofhe kid friendly flavors and just focus on adult flavors. and the teens that you know who vape, do you think they are aware of, or even care about e health riss that the doctor pointed out? >> based on what they said to me, they are not aware of the health risks. they know they have nicotine and there's dangerous withdrawal sim

t -- symptoms, but they don't really care. i know it's notthe whole stude dy, but it's the three students that i spoke with. >> what do you mean they don't tre about the health risks? >>y don't seem to think that the health risks are long-term, and they seem to think that it is a safer alternative to smoking marijuana o cigarettes. which is what they normally do. >> so, what do you think it would take to get tm to stop vaping and using e cigarettes? >> well, i think there needs to be more school wide policies that address vaping on school campuses. but there definitely, schools need to do what they do best and that is to educate. we need to have talks about mvaping and the long-t effects and how dangerous it can be for both the mind and the body. so, i think that an ecation

way of approaching this would be the best. >> what do you thi of that approach? what else needs to be done? >> i agree with you. i think pediatricians and parents and too much-- and teacd to inform them of the risks. we have a lowermount of kids smoking cigarettes and these products are taking the place of cigarettes now, if we can help them learn thathe are also risky and there should be nothing thisgsour l besides air. we would go a great distance to get them off the product. >> what do stillot know about e-cigarettes that is concerns? >> there's a lot that we don't know the chemicals thate heard about they use. we don't knows what happ when you heat the chemical

and what happens to lung tissue when the chemicals hit your lung tissue. and that is being studies right now, so we can learn it. >> a lot of unanswered questions. thank you very much for joining us for this discussion. >> thank you. >> turning now to the courts, this week a federal judge inin waon, d.c., ruled against the trump administration on daca, the program set up to protect from deportation, mmigrants brought here as children. in the ruling u.s. district judge john baits calls the mov to end daca, biary. >> the trump administration has 90 dal to cnge the ruling or daca will be reinstated. >> they have heard this week, arguments on the travel ban.

we have professor lile. nice to have you. th happy to be here. >> let's begin aca with the judge's decision, it went further than other rulings. it's ordering the trump administration to accept new applications if it can't issue a new had memo thats satisfactory to the judge in 90 days. my question is, what impact does the latest development have on all the various litigation out there over daca? >> wel the most important thing may be that judge baits gave 90 days to the trump administration to revise i.t. order. and if they can come up with better explanation that sort of fulfills whatever his requirements might be then, the revisioner or rescission of daca would go in to force. so, it's aroad ruling, because it says, if you don't meet my requirements in 90we days. re going to accept new applications as well as do the old ones. the other cases say just the old

ones. this is der. >> it seems like he is giving them leeway then, t trump administration? >> yes, h cais giving them thre months to come up with an answer. it was like with the travel bank it was strdown, and then two was not better, but three seemed be der. they m it with the daca. make congress will do the legilation. that is the more important place to play right now. >> and over the next 90 days, what do you think will be the trump administration's main argument against kping daca? >> well, they are going to say, oh, gee, it was unconstitutional efore and it's unconstitutional today. president obama does it by of course active order and he cannot -- by executive order and heannot do that either. and they will go to congress and say, you can do it with legislatio and maybe we will get legislation, that will be better for teveryone. t will not happen in 90

days. >> we will see. >> congress does not do anything h 90 days. >> they doe votes for a version of difficultyaca and th prioritize things the way maybe you and i would. but they can do it. we will see,me this s is recess time, you know, they are all gearing up forid the term election. >> meanwhile, two appellate courts in no and new york are also weighing cases on daca, so does the ruling out of washington by t judge bais is week, change anything nor those t-- anything two cases? >> those ces granted injunctions and said, you have to process the old applications at were in otime. they did not accept new ones. and those will continue, those cases wil o continue toward some kind of trial or evidentuary hearing. >> and i want to talk about the trael ban, thisweek,he u.s.

supreme court heard arguments on the travel ban. lower courts have struck down each of the it rairationsan of will trump fair better in the conservatoe court leaning, you think? >> he certainly will. but, the ordertself is much improved over the first one.'s i mean, ia very difficult problem for the supreme court, if we didn't know who was presiden and if weidn't know what the president has sai about muslims and banning muslims, then maybe the would pass. it's an important executive branch power to contro immigration and the borderers and to move quickly if they havu to. we know this president, and we do know what he said and thie prest said things that clearly have a religious bias, it seems to me. the court has to decide to write a decision that will stand the test of time for all presidents

or do we write it for this president. i think you will see a 5-4 and the question is, which way ill justice kennedy go, he i always the fifth vote and will chief justice roberts take kennedy with himher will split? >> and you have a question on this as well. >> yeah, i was wondering what ia the l threshold that distingushes religious discrimination and a decision thatre is based y on national security? >> the first amendment is the big difference. it says, you cannot establish a religion or interfere with the free exercise of religion. generally we believe it to mean you cannot discriminate against religion and you cannot do it in a lot of contexts that we are familiar with. on the other hand, we do know that when national security is at issue, the president has a lot of power. here's bad examples of that, right, the case that approve today interment of japanese

with view itzens, as a blot on the history, sometimes the sprout has s ths supreme court has to stand up and say no and other times the have to say thei exec branch has authority. this is in the middle of that. >> in the omeantime, whaher major cases are on their dockett that are o special interest here in northern california? >> we tend to forget what is happening. we are clouded by the current events. remember the master piece cake shop case which has to do with whether a cake maker can discriminategainst youow, gay, same-sex couples that want a cake made, can they sayno? >> that is out of colorado, the cake baker said it wouldte vio his religious beliefs. >> he did say that, there's a t in dispute on the facts on of the case. that will affect not just cake making, it will affect all

private, commercial, industrial bases. justice kennedy will bece a ral person. and fourth amendment, can the governmentget yourell phone information without a search llrrant because it's "shared with your c company," nobody believes the cell company listens to your phone calls or texts. can the government get it because the cell phone compies have it? big case, there a he he --e's a cases that will be decided. >> you will be watching it. >> i wille there. >> professor little, with uc hastings, clege of t law. and thank you very much. we are going to give you a bit of a break now as we transition to the next segment, okay? >> great. >> our next topic is one that is close to many a studens heart. food. angel is a shomore at fremont high school. she and her fellow students

pitched a sory about school lunches and did a photo essay and did interviews about where the food comes fromnd what students thin of it. they ranked how it tastes and rules that lead to waste. and santa clara high school, variety is not a problem. students there get indian pizza, roasted chicken and plenty of fruits and veggies, b according to this sophomore, the lines are too long and popular items frequently run out. allthree, join me now in the studio. stephanie murphy, a senior at san leandro high school, and angel brady a sophomore at fremont high and alina joffrey, a sophomore. tell me about the school lunches what are they like in your school? >> the schools lunch not too great. they often serve expired milk. so, have to double check the

date.t the pizza is lly cooked, the dough is raw. the fruiis mushy and brown, most of it, a lot of times. the peanut butter and jelly that they serve is prepackaged and frozen. most of the time>> t's still frozen by the time you get it? >> yes, hard as a rock. >> okay. >> and the, sala i thought that would be healthy but the chicken inside is bbery, very rubbery. >> so none of it sounds pap t s appetizing. alina? >> hearing her answer makes me more grateful about myschool's food. yeah, there's a lot love variety and the taste is n too favorable. but it not as bad as what she is saying. >> angel what is your experience like with your school lunches? >> riding off of what stephanie is saying. a lot of the studts don't like it. the food can be mysterious, we

are not sure what it is, it's hard to identify it when they put it out there. and just ov tall, justtes bad. >> so, than what do you do? do you just go hufry? >> a lot the times, i will just wait until i get home, i rather wait to get home and enjoy something than be at school and just eat something to fill myself up. >> same. >> same with you? hm-mm. so, how, if you are skipping lunch, and you are going ,hung how does this affect your ability to learn? >> well, greatly. when i'm in class a i'm supposed to be learning the lesson. i'm asking nc ining everyone in they have food that i can have instead of paying at>>ntion. our mind is on food rather than on learning and whatever is in front of you, math, english, science. >> no, itinbout fe my body. >> how much of it is being a teenager? you know, sometimes teenagers don't eat lunch because it's not cool. the olderid k think they should be doing other stuffn the

lunch break. how much does it have to do with the quality of the food much of it is being wia teen? >> my fellow students are all abouteating. you see long lines but you don't see students enjoying the food. some of the food is good, but some of th food they just don't like. and they don't eat. >> many of the schools, there's mandatory rules where you have to pickp a fresh fruit and a veggie in addition to your entre, do you do that and do yoe rything on your operate? >> a lot of the time, there's only one thing thatnthe stu want on the plate. so, a lot of it does end upin ge wasted. >> so there's a lot of food waft going on. >> yeah, a lot, because lik she said, we stand in a long line for one item, but ty end up making you take three or four.

and then you are left to waste it all. >> but, some of the items tha you are throwing away, the mandatory rules are there had for reason, they are nutritious, that fruit and that veuctable. how of this is about, how important is nutrition versus taste for you? >> it hand in hand, may it's supposed to be nutritious, but i'm not exactly sure how f nutritious td they serve is. so, i have just had too many bad experiences with mushy fruit, food that is rotten. >> what does that imply? >> preservatives. >> you went to the school administrators and tto figure out where the food comes from, what did you learn?

>> when you spoke to allison hill, she was not able to give me a lot of infoation as t how the food is being processed and how nutriouses it is. she was telling me how she didn't know a lot of information about it and i feel like that, that is problem. because administration and staff at our school should definitely know what is being providediv o n to the students or how healthy it is and how it could affect a >>student. nd alina what did you find out when you did report ing? was more of the opposite, the admin knew a lot about what of going in our bod and they were a lot more in to it od. they lo todhe variety and the nutritions director that i talked to, karen luna was saying she wants the best for students and all the foodhat the students want to see. >> you reported odd a n eed -- on a new program where the school is gro produce on a farm? >> yes, they started in august, they have been growing lots of variety at is basically

where all the produce comes from. it comes from local farms and mostly our district farm. so, that is why favorable in my opinion, i tefer itthe meals. >> you are eating the produce in your high sch l? >> what are the approaches and changes that you would like to see schools make that w ld get you to eat school lunches? >> definitely growing our o food. seeing that it comes from the ground with no added -- preservatives would make me and my fellow students want to eat it. >> angel? >> if we had food taste testers to see if they should serve the meal. students should have the option to suggest if they arekay with this being served in the

cafeteria. nds you speak to other classmates, how big an issue is this o campuses, the fact that students are not eating, that they are going hungry? >> um, b it's bigcause administrators are telling us to eat healthy, but then you serve us bad food, which makes us not eat, which makes us go buy hotp c at the corner store and then we are eating that for breakfast and lunch. which are not noose trish us at all. >> same experience with you? >> a lot of kids are choosing to not eat? >> yes. >> i think a lot of students, they want to get lunch, they wait in the line to get food. but they just end upot bei in to it. and just rather preferring hot chips at the corner ore. >>. >> where do you see it going from here? you have been active in reporting on this. what are you trying to pushra adminirs to do next? >> i think to be less wasteful,

whet students looke meal, they think, oh, that looks good. let me try it. they don't like it and they throw it out. i think it wou benteresting if a student could try the food before hand, s instead of buying it, and not liking it and throws it away. they could be like, tha is not good, let me get this grilled cheese that irlways like f lunch, so they can get something to eat and not waste food. >> it interesting tet perspective on this. thank you all. >> you are welcome. >> thank you. >> thank you so much for being part of our show. >> well, thank you for allowing me the opportunity to be here and to be a part of the youth take over.t >> been a fun experience for all of us. you can find more coverage at kqed.org/newsroom, thank you for joining us.

boip a handshake h andtory and a long way to go. i'm robert costa inside the promise and peril of a breakthrough in the seemingly never ending korean war. tonight on "washington week." korean leaders from the north and south make history. ageing to end decades of tensions and turn a 1953 truce into a peace treaty. >> there will not be any more war on the korean peninsula. we are the p sameeople that should live in unity. robert: how this stunning summit is a preview of the wnplanned sitetween president trump and the north korean leader. >> much h of what been targeted toward me and my team has been half truths or best stories so twisted they do not resemble reality. robert:mb