♪ hello and welcome to kqed newsroom, tonight, a special edition of our show, youth takeover. we will be featuring the input andperspectives of bay area high school a students as the guests and interviews. >> i'm a junior in high school and i'm one of many high school ents participating in kq production. >> and on this program, we will discuss various issues before the u.s. supreme court, gr including imion. >> also, how e-cigarettes are being marketed and especially to youth. >> and something that is important to students every day. school lunch. s let'srt with e cigarettes. >> you may have seen these es

devi e-cigarettes are marketed as aealthier alternative to e-igarettes. they heat up a liquid that us vapor that users in. it's a mti-million dollar industry and their popularity is soaring among teens. more than two million schoolsn stu have reported using them in the past month. they are looking in to how ty are marketed to youth using kandsy like flavors. joining us is dr. mark rub rubinstein and our special young guest, el cerrito high school jr. thank you to your both. your report release last month is the first of its kind, what type ofly potenti cancer-causing chemicals did you find in teens that use the

e-cigarettes and at whatlevels? >> we were looking at different chemicals that we know are carcinogenic in adult smokers and we wanted to see were in teens that vape. and three in particular that some of theiers may be aware of has been in the media. all three have been associated with cancer and although they were in lower level i, they wer three times higher than the control group. >> what surprised mou thet about your findings? >> i think i was surprised because ma of the kids only reported vaping a few times a month. an one on or two times a day. and i was surprised to even find those chemicals in them at such low levels of exposer. >> and ask a doctor, what concerns do y have about the health risks of vaping on teens who's bodies andre brains

still developing? >> i am very concerned about these products. i know when i was a teenager, a lot friends tried smoking and cigarettes sort of burned the back of their throat and made them smell and their parents could smell it. these products do noturn the back of the throat, smell good and parents don't know what the smell is. so, kids are able to vape at home. andunfortunately, because these products have nicotine in them and it'sighly addictive, i'm afraid that many of the teens are going to beddcted to nicotine because of the bproducts. what about the flavored e-cigarettes without nick oh, he teho -- w nicotine, are they dangerous as well? >> well, we think they are, the same cancer causing agents are found in the products. it's not souch the nicotine that is causing the chemicals, it's thether solvents in the ct produ >> within your circle of

friends, do you see a lot of vaping? >> i definitel do, not within my immediate circle of frbuends in classrooms sometimes, the vaping products are easy to conceal, especially if they are juul devices, they look like flash devices and pens, they are easy to hide. it's more evident. >> why do you the think they do it? >> so, i you spoke with three teenagers at our school this past week to talk to them abou vaping and why they do it. and what hey soeem to tell me is, it helps them feel better bout thselves. and they feel more accepted in their friend group. they think it's something that cool. but also, one of the students that i spoke with said it helper to calm anxiety and it helped her deal with, your kno ustrations. and i wonder if there's any truth to that. >> um,e there is s truth to thatity. so, just like coffee, nicotine

is a stimulant , dr can wake you up if you are sleepy and it can relax you and add on top of you if you are dependant on the nicotine, just like coffee, when you are not getting the nicotine, you can n feelvous or edgy or antsy and you require nicotine to help calm yourself down. >> so it's addictive? >> yes. >> so, in california, you have to be 21 to buy tobacco products. how were your friends and counterparts getting their hands -- >> online. >> online. >> it's for the most part online. and it not just onha websites are specifically directed to people that vape, it's on amazon. and e bay, and it's, they buy it through their friends who acts is it neon so, it's not just about getting it a t the corner storeanymore. it's all done online. >> so, this gets to the issue of marketing.,

marketie fda announced a crack down on under age uof -- age marketing of a popular brand, juul do you think the doing government is enough? >> i applaud their action. at least they are finally taking actio t i do notnk their going far enough. i think that some of the flavors arerl cle targeted towards teens and that needs to be addressed. already the a does not allow flavored cigarettes because we know it tar.gets ki so, i think they need to crack down on the flavors right away. sohey have bubblegum and strawberry shortcake, what else have you seen out ere? >> cotton candy. we talked about rainbow unicorn flavors. >> and juul labs is based in san francisco, we reached out to them and they gave us this response of. basically saying that they agree

to the fda at illegal sales ofth product to minors is not we are working to combat under age use, what do you make of the statement? > well, i'm glad they made t statement i did notice that they are making changes to their product line. they are starting to release more adult friendly flavors. however, some of the kid friendly flavors like mango, which used to say for a limited time oy are nowust on there as a permanent flavor. so maybe the should start to get rid of the kid friendly flavors and just focus on adult flavors. and the teens that you know who vape, do you think they are aware of, or ev health risks that the doctord poinout? >> based on what they said to me, they are not aware of the ealth risks. they know they have nicotine and there'sangerous withdrawal sim

t -- symptoms, but they don't really care. i know t'snotthe whole student body, but it's the students that i spoke with. >> what do you mean they don't care about the health risks? they don't seem to think that the health risks are long-term, and ey seem to think that it is a safer alternative to smok mgijuana or cigarettes. which is what they normally do. >> yo, what d think it would take to get them to stop vaping and using e cigarettes? >> well, i think there n to be more school wide policies that address vaping on school campuses. but there definitely, schools need to do what they do best a at is to educate. we need to have talks aabout vapin the long-term effects and how dangerous it can be for both the mind and the body. so, i think that an education

way of approaching this would be the best. >> what do youf think that approach? what else needs to be done? >> i agree with you. i think pediatricians and parents and t much-- and teached to iorm them of t risks. we have a lower amount of kids smoking cigarette and these products are taking the place of cigarettes now, if we can help them lrn that these are also risky and there should be nothing this your lungs besides air. we would go a great distance to get them off the product. >> wha do we stil not know about e-cigarettes that is concerns? >> there's a lot that we don't know about the flavors. the chemicals that we heard about they use. we don't kno what happens when you heat the chemicals.

and what happens to lung tissue when the chemicals hit your lung tishae. and is being studies right now, so we can learn it. >> a lot of unanswered questions. thank you very much for joining us for this discussion. >> thank you. >> turning now to the courts, this week a federal judge in washington, d.c., ruled against the trump administration on daca, the pgram set up to protect from deportation, undocumentednt immigr brought here as children. in the ruling u.s. district judge john bhets calls move to end daca, arbitrary. >> the trump administration has 90 days to challenge the ruling or daca will be reinstated. >> they have heard this week, argument on the travel ban.

we have professorlittle. nice to have you. >> happy to be here. l t's begin with daca with the judge's decision, it went further than other rulings. it's ordering the trump administration to accept new applications if i i can'tsue a new had memo that is satisfactory to the judge in 9 days. my question is, what impact does the latest development have on all the various litigation out there over >> well the most important thing may be that judge baits gav 90 days to the trump administration to revise i.t. order. and if they can com up with a better explanation that sort of fulfills whatever his requirements might be. then, the revisioner or rescission of daca w ld go in to force. so, it's a broad ruling, because it says, ifou don't meet my requirements in 90 days. we are going to accept new applications as well as do the old ones. the other cases say just the old

ones. this broader. >> it seems like he is giving them leewaythen, the trump administration? >> yes, he cis giving them thre months to come up with an sanswer. it ike with the travel ban, it was struck down, and then two was not better, but three seemed they may do it with the daca. make congress will do the legislation that is the more important place to play right now. >> and over the next 90days, what do you think will be the trump administration's main arment against keeping daca? >> well, they are going to say, oh, gee, it was unconstitutional before and it's unconstitutional today. presidentoe obama it by of course active order and he cannot -- by executive order and he canno do that either. and they will go to congress and say, you can do it with legislation and maybe we will get legislation, that will be better for every >> that will not happen in 90

days. >> we will de. >> congress not do anything in 90 days. >> they do have votes for a version of difficultyaca and th prioritize things the way maybe you and i would. but they can do it. we willsee,his summer is recess time, you know, they are all gearing up for the mid term election. >> meanwhile, two appellate licourts in northern rnia and new york are also weighing cases on dache so does ruling out of washington by judge bait this is week,an chan hing nor those t-- anything for two cases? >> those cases granted injunctions and said, you have to process the old applica ions that wer on time. they did not accept new ones. and those will continue, those cases will continue on toward some kind of trialr evidentuary hearing. >>wa and i to talk about the travel ban, this week, the u.s.

supreme court heard arguments on the travel ban. lower courts have struck down each of the it rairationsth o ban. will trump fair better in the conservative courtleaning, do you think? >> heerinly will. but, the order itself is much improved over the firstone. i mean, it's a very difficult problem for the supreme court, if we didn't know who was president and ie didn't know what the president has said about muslims and banning muslims, then mayb o theer would pass. it's an important executive branch power t control immigration and the borderers and to move quickly if they have o. but we know this president, and hisdo know what he said and president said things that clearly have a religious bias, o me.ems the court has to decide to write a decision that will stand the test of time for all presidents

or do we write it for this president. i think you will see a ou5-4 and the question is, which way will justice kennedy g he is always the fifth vote and will chief justice roberts take kennedy wit w him orl they split? >> and you have a question on this as well. >> yeah, i was wondering what is the legal threshold that distinguishes religious discrimination and a decision thats based purely on national security? >> the first amendment is the big di erence. ys, you cannot establish a religion oritnterfere the free exercise of religion. generally we believe it to mean, you cannot discriminate against religion and you cannot do it in a lot of contexts that we are familiar with. on the other hand, we do know that when national security is issue, the president has a lot of power. there's bad examples of that, right, the case that approve today teinent of japanese

american citizens,it view it as a blot on the history, sometimes the sprouas t s ths t urt has to stand up and say no and other times they have to say the executive branch has authority. this is in the middle of that. >> ime the time, what other major cases are on their dockett th are of special interest here in northern california? >> we tend to forget what is happening. we are clouded by the current events. remember the maste piece cake shop case which has to do with whether a cake mar can discriminate against you know, gay, same-sex couples that want a cake made,an theyay no? >> that is out of colorado, the cake baker said it would violate his religious beliefs. >> he did say that, there's a lot in dispute on the facts on of the case. that will affect notust cake making, it will affect all

private, commercial, industrl bases. justice kennedy will be central person. and fourth amendment, can the government get your cell phone information without a search warrant because it's "sharedw h your cell company," nobody believes the cell company listens to your phone calls or texts. can the government get it because the cell phone companies have it? big case, there a he -- there' cases that will be decided. >> you will be watching it. i ill be there. >> professor little, with uc hastingf college the law. and thank you very much. we are going to give you a bitf break now as we transition to the next segment, okay? >> great. >> our next topic is one that is close to many a student's heart. food. angel is a sophomore at fremont high school.

she and her fellow students pitched a story about school lunches and did a photo essay andid interviews about where the food comes from and what students think of it. they ranked how it tastes and rules that lead to aste. and santa clara high school,ot variety is a problem. students there get indian pizza, roastedn chick and plenty of fruits and veggies, but according to this sophomore, the lines are too long and popular items frequently run out.e, all th join me now in the studio. stephanie murphy, a senior at san leandro high school, and angel brady a sophomore at fremont high and alina joffrey, a sophomore. tell me about the school lunches what are they like in your school? >> the school lunc is not too great. they often servexpired milk. so, he to double check the

date. e pizza is not fully cooked, the dough is raw. the fruit is mushy and brown, most of it, a lot of times. the peanut a butter jelly that they serve is prepackaged and frozen. most o the time. >> it's still frozen by the time you get it? >> yes, hard as a rock. okay. >> and the salads, i thought that would be healthbut the chicken inside is rubbery, very rubbery. >> so none of it nds pap tie s appetizing. al >> hearing her answer makes me more grateful about my school's food. yeah, there's a lot love variety and the taste is not too favorable. but it not as bad as what she is saying. >> angel what is your experience like with your school lunches? >> riding off of what stephanie is saying. a lot of the d students't like it.oo the can be mysterious, we

are not sure what it is, it's hard to identify it when thet putut there. and just overall, just tastes bad. >> so, than what d you do? do you just go hungry? >> a lot of the times, i will just wait until i get home, i rather wait to ge home and enjoy something than be at school and just eat something to fill myself >>up. same. >> same with you? >> hm-mm. >> so, how, if you are skipping lunch, and you are going hungry, how does this affect your ability to learn? >> well, greatly. when i'm in class and i'm supposed to be learning the lesson. i'm asking nch i ining everyone they have food that i can have instead of paying attentio >> your mind is on food rather than on learning and whatever is in front of you, math, english, science. >> no, it about feeding my body. >> how much of it is being a teenager? yoknow, sometimes teenagers don't eat lunch because it's not cool. e older kids think they should other stuff in the

lunch break. how much does it have to do with the quality of the h food aw much of it is bein wita teen? >> my fellow students are all about eating. you see long lines but you don't see studen ts enjoyin food. some of the food is good, but some of the food they just don't likd hey don't eat. >> many of the schools, there's mandatory rules where you have ick up a fresh fruit and a veggie in addition to your entre, do you do that and do you et everything on your operate? >> a l of the time, there's only one thing that the students want on the plate. so, a lot of it does end p getting wasted. >> so there's a lot of food wa ing on. >> yeah, a lot, because like she said, we stand in a long line for one item, butnd they up

making you take three or four. and then you are left to waste it all. >> but, some of the items that you are throwing away, the mandatory rules are therer had a reason, they are nutritious, that fruit and that vegetable how much of this is about, how important is nutrion versus taste for you? >> it hand in nd, maybe it's supposed to be nutritious, but i'm notxatly sure how nutritious the food they serve is. so, iave just had too many bad experiences with mushy food that is rotten. >> what does that imply? >> preservatives. >> you went to the school administrators and tried to figure out where the food comes from, what did you learn?

>> when you spoke to aison hill, she was not able to give me lot of information to how the food is being processed and howt nutritiousesis. she was telling me how she didn't know a lot of information about it and i feel like that is a problem. because administration and staff at our schol shouldefinitely know what is being provided or given to the students or how healthy it is and how it could affent a stud >> and alina what did you find reporting?u did >> it was more of the opposite, the admin knew a lot about what of going in our body and they were a lot more in to it they loved todhe variety and th nutritions director that i talked to, karen luna was snting she w the best for students and all the food that the students want to see. >> you reported odd a n eed -- on a new program where the school isro growsuce on a farm? >> yes, they started in august, they have been growing lots variety and that is basically

where all the produce comes from. it comes from local farms and mostly our district farm. so, that is why favorable in m opinion, i prefer it to the meals. >> you are eating the produce in yo >> yes.chool? >> what are the approaches and changes that you would like to see schoolsake that would g you to eat school lunches? >> definitely growing our own food. seeing that it comes from the ground with no added -- eservatives would make me and my fow students want to eat it. >> angel? >> if we had food taste testers to see if they should serve the mes. studehould have the option to suggest if they are okay with

this being served in the cafeteria. >> and as you speak to other is smates, how big an iss this on campuses, the fact that students are not eating, that they a going hungry? >> um, i's big because administrators are telling us to eat healthy, but then you serve us bad food, which makes us not eat, which makes us go buy hot chips at the corner storend then we are eating that for breakfast and lunch. which are not noose trish us at all.>> ame experience with you? >> a lot of kids are choosing to not eat? yes. >> i think a lotud of ts, they want to get lunch, they wait in the line to get food. but they jus end up not being in to it. and just rather preferring hot chips at the cner store. >>. >> where do you see it goinge? from he you have been active in reporting on this. hat are you trying to push administrators to do next? >> i think to be less wasteful,u

whennts look at the meal, they think, oh, that looks good. let me try it. they don't like it a they throw it out. i think it would be interesting if a student could tryoo the before hand, so instead of buying it, and not liking it and throws it away. they couot be like, that is good, let me get this grilled cheese that i alwayike for lunch, so they can get something to eat and not waste food.nt >> it'seresting to get perspective on is. thank you all. >> you are welcome. >> thank you. >> thank you so much forp being t of our show. >> well, thank you for allowing me the opportunity to be here and to be a part of the youth take over. >> it's been a fun experience for all of us. you can find moree covert yoed.org/newsroom, than for joining us.

boip aandshake and history and a long way to go. i'm robert costa side the promise and peril of a breakthrough in the seemingly e neveing korean war. tonight on "washington week." korean leaders from the north and south make history. agreeing to end decades of tensions and turn a 1953 truce into a peace treat >> there will not be any more war on the korean peninsula. we s are thee people that should live in unity. robert: how this stunning summit is a preview of the planne sitdown between president trump and the north korean leader. >> much of what has been targeted toward me and my team has been half truths or at best stories so twistedhey do not resemb reality. robert: embed