captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, may 5: ree united states and it's nato alliesre for a new kind of war. scores of unfilled jobs at the state department impacting american diplomacy. and life under hitler's rule, reflected in art. next on "pbs newshour weekend." >>bs newshour weekend" is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the fandersily fund. rosalind p. walter barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual

and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement comtiny. >> adal support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new yo, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thank you for joining us. for the second day in a row president trump headed out of washington to meet with a friendly audience of suppoers. yesterday mr. trump spoke to the n.r.a. convention in texas. today heas in ohio. the topic was tax reform and the impact on cal businesses. mr. trump used a public roundtable with business leaders to talk about his own poll numbers, his planned meeting with north korea and threatened again to shut down the government if congress doesn't fund his border wall with mexico. >> you can't allow people to po into our country the way they're doing. you just take a look at that mess that's on television ght now. it is a total catastrophe and

these are the laws passed by democrats so that we have open borders. they want open bos.rd we have to have borders. if you don't have borders you don't have a country. so we're going to have step by step. ( applause ) step by step. >> sreenivasan: ohio's primary elections are tuesday, and the president endorsed republican congressman jirenacci, running challenge incumbent senator democrat sherrod brown in november. hawa's kilauea volcano is continuing to erupt, forcing hundreds to evacuate in the leaani estates area where l is flowing. the volcano ben spewing lava, d releasing sulfur dioxide gas on thursday. a series of earthquakes yesterday afternoon also rattled residents. the u.s. geological survey said the strongest quake registered 6.9 on the richter scale, t epicenter was close to the kilauea volcano. it was the most powerf quake on the island since 1975. >> oh my god, guys. e> sreenivasan: residents in nearby hilo felt tuake as did those as far away as the island of oahu. aerialootage showed that the

lava was flowing towards homes in puna district of the big island. so far, fire has damaged at least two structures. no injuries or deaths have been reported. ere were demonstrations in 19 cities across russia today because president vladimir putin willegin his fourth term on monday. a human rits group says more than 1,000 people were arrested, including anti-corruption campaigner and opposition leader alexei navalny. before police took him away from moscow's pushkin square navalny led chants calling president putin a "tsar." protesters in paris rallied against president emmanuel macron and policies they say cut worker protections ae the police too much power. the far left party "defiant france" organized today's march. monday will be the one year anniversary of macron's ection. the events were mostly peaceful, but 2,000 police were deployed to avoid a repeat of violent may day protests. nasa's insight lander blasted off fr california today on a six month mission to mars.

armed with a seismometer for measuring marsquakes, a hammer for probing beneath the surface, and a radio system for tcacking its loon, scientists hope to study the red planet's interior. the atlas v rocket also carried test satellites that will serve as the lander's counications link. this joint u.s./european mission will cost $1-billion. the last mission to mars was in 2012 when the curiosity rover made a successful landing. on journalist nellie bly's birthday, read about her groundbreaking investigation into the treatment of e mentally il. visit pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: the trump administration is phasing out a special immigration program, announcing an end to temporary protected status for 57,000 hondurans yesterday. the hondurans will have until january 2020 to return home or remain in the united states as undocumented immigrants.

most arrived after hurricanest mitcck central america in 1999. many now have businesses, families and children who ares. u.s. citiz for more on what is happening to sais long-running program and to the hundreds of ths of people affected we turn to "u.s.a. today" reporter alan amgomez who joins us from this is the latest country that's been on the list and actis have been taken against them. how much of the population of people with cps doeshis now represent? >> yeah, this represents, like you said, the latest step. they've been methodically going country by country, eliminating tps for these people that had it. it's about a total of 317,000 people from 10 ds ferent countrat are in tps. they've now cut it for 98% of that population. the most significant was el lvador, they had -- about 46,000 haitians, the 57,000

ha purens and they'tty much winding down the entire program. >> what about the chiren that are s. citizens here? what kinds of ripple effects in terms of population ar seeing? you said 317,000 had the tps protections but now there are entire families with some of those people. t >> yeah, at's one of the most agonizing parts of this for the people who are going to be faced with this decision. there's aout 197,000 el salvadorans, they'vead 190,000 u.s. born children so they're citizens. same with hondurans, they've had 00 children in the unite states and see each of them are going to have to make a decision. do i go back to my homery coun that is gripped by violence and take my son or daughter who may or may notave ever gone to that country and may or may not speak spanish, or do i leave, go back and leave my child behind in the united states, or do i stay in the united states, become anndocumented

immigrant, risk deportation and put my family through that stress? >> speaking of the conditions in those countries that they're going back to, we saw a lot of headlines over the past couple of weeks about the caravan that has been moving north and is stalled at the border. these are people that are seeking asylum from some of these countries because it's not safe for them to be alive. >> yeah, and it's another really diffcult part of this. el salvador, like honduras, it was originally granted tps because of hurricane mitch, but in the ensuing two decades, that country has been besieged by drug cartel violence, by gang violene, it ranks as one of t most dangerous in the world. el salvador has the highest murder rate or had it at leasts couple of ye ago, still incredibly difficult place, the u.s. state department has warnings in place for those two countries because of howng ous, because of the risk of kidnappings, of extortion, of thin like that, and so yeah, now we're expected to send back tens of thousands of people to those countries at a time when things are so bad that people are fleeing those countries to

try to come to the united states to claim asylum. so it just shows how cmplicated and tough that decision is going to be for those, folks. >> alan gomez of the joining us from miami, thanks so much. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: the department of defense has a proposed budget ofd,686 billion for 2019, as you can imagine, the lion's share of that money goes to planes, ships, weaponry and personnel to fight a conventional war. but the u.s. aits allies are also preparing for a new kind of warfare fought not on land and sea and air, but across computer network newshour weekend special correspondent christopher livesay has the story from tallinn, estonia. >> reporter: the clock is ticking as nato jump action to protect one of their own. >> there are nato nations that

haveeterrence force troops on the island of berylia, and they are trying to deter aggression from crimsonia. >> reporter: berylia's power grid has been hacked, its water system contaminated... >> the drones, they need to fly their mission! >> reporter: ...and its surveillance drones sent off course, leading europe to the brink of war. >> it may be attacked this way. >> reporter: no, you haven't missed the latest news from europe. this is not real war; it's a war game, the largest live-fire cyber defense exercise in the anworld, involving more th 1,000 experts from 30 nations. it's called locked shields. the nerve center othe operation is a hotel ballroom in the picturesque eastern european city of tallinn, estonia. it's the home of the event's organizers, the nato cooperative cyber defense center of excellence. >> the most serious threatm are coming ftions and nation-states' affiliated groups. >> reporter: the center's director, estonian merle maigre,

says in a world more and more dependent on the internet, these war games are more important than eer. >> the most dangerous targets are in critical information infrastructure-- our banking o systems,ur traffic control systems, our ports, airports. all of this is run by systems that were set up in the '70s ore '80s when security measures weren't really the first priority, and thereby they are vulnerable to cyber attacks as more and more systems are... are linked up with internet. >> reporter: so,spypothetically king, a... an attacker could target the air traffic control system of a country and cause a plane crash. >> absolutel theoretically speaking, you don't really need to start a war by targeting the military. a code can render your fighter pilots incapable even before

they take off. >> reporter: the c.c.d.c.o.e. has been running locked shields every year since 2010 with a similar scenario: the fictional country of cchrimsonia weeks to dominate the region launches a massive cyber attainst the equally fictional berylia. berylia calls on its nato allies for help. although the scenario isn't real, the attacks are meant to mimic threats that are, threatst like those faces from potentially hostile countries including russia. >> that is exactly what happened two years back in ukraine when the attacks against the power grid happened. >> reporter: 22 so called "blue teams" from nato and e.u. nations must defend berylia. they'll be ranked on how well they protect its electricity grid, emergency communication system, surveillance drones and water supply from the hackers.om americannder michael widmann is one of the coordinators. >> these are the actual mockups of the water generation plants that we're using during the exercise. you can see the blue team

numbers corresponding to the teams that are trying to defend them. is one here has been compromised. the water's turned green, so it's not suitable for humanpt coion.>> eporter: blue is safe. green means there's too little chlorine in the water supply; red, too much. >> from overall, looking at the models here, three teams have lost control of their water purification plants >> reporter: and that's leading to bigger problems. av citizens from berylia h gotten sick. the deterrence force personnel that are on the island e now having to deal with sick personnel, sick berylian nitizens. they're also deawith riots. they're also dealing with a... a proxy group from cmsonia that are ethnic crimsonians within berylia. and they are taking the advantage of the incidents that are occurring to destabilize, the governmesentially. >> reporter: during the locked shields event, defenders usually compete remotely from r home countries. the estonian team was in secure rooms at c.c.d.c.o.e headquartersn tallinn. that's where we found the

american team, as well. in past years, the u.s. competed on its own dn't always fare well. in 2017, it came in 12th. this year, the u.s. teamed up with three baltic countries, including estonia, which came id seast year. >> the more we can learn from one another... >>eporter: u.s. army colonel brian vile says it just made sense. >> really this year was a complete change in tactic. we said we're not going compete individually. instead, what we're going to do is we're going to cooperate, learn from one another. and that way, if we finish first or we're with the team that finished first, we make surere that we fiut what they are doing that's so good. and we can take it back to ourselves and hopefully push that back out to all the other e work with and a the other allies. >> reporter: the game lasts two days. in the endeach team defending berylia took hits. all the surveillancerones and emergency communications systems were compromised in some way, as were a littlover half the electricity and water systems. >> there's a lot of learnin actually. >> yeah, there is a lot. >> reporter: the u.s./estonia team came inourth. but colonel vile says winning is

not the point of locked shields; learning is. >> it's all about cooperation. it's all about information shing. none of us is as smart as all of us. >> something is very, very wrong. >> so, the great thing that we are getting out of this is the ability to work with the partners so if something ever does happen in the real world, we're that much better prepared for it. >> sreenivasan: secretary of state mike pompeo has many jobs to fill.pa the state ment is still missing key officials, including ambassadors to nations like turkey and saudi arabia. and there is concernhat it is difficult to find candidates who are both experienced and acceptable to the white house. politico reporter nahal toosi has been covering this story a joins us from washington d.c. let's first talk about the number of jobs. put this in perspective for us. how much dirk does mike pompeo have ahead of him? >> well, there's more than 70 positions that don't have a

nonee and many of those are lsoassadorships, but they a include undersecretaries, assistant secretaries of state, these are very high-lev leadership positions. there are several positions that have nominees, but they haven't been confirmed yet. >> and what's the tesion at the white house? what's the sort of acceptabilit? >> well, one of the key things is that if any -- so if anne who was on a signer of the never trump letters, these were many republican national security and blreign policy experts, they basically have beecklisted by this white house. if anyone has ever said anything bad critical about the president, he doesn't want them in any of these positions at the ste department. ere's a very high loyalty test. it's meanthe bench is a lot slimmer than it would have been in past administrations. >> would mike pompeo have any better chance of getting a never trumper through than rex tillerson did? >> i wouldn't sigh he has a good chance right now, but over time hemight have a better chance

and the reason for that is he has a pretty goothrelationship he president and he might be able to convince the president that look, some of these guys are really expert and even though they signed those letters, stay during the campaign, they wantoerve you now. >> what about the career diplomats and where they're placed and how they're hasitioned compared to the appointmentspompeo could atke or the ones that deserve senate confin? >> every administration has a certain level of political appointees and then the career appointees. in the past, presidents have -- about 30% have gone to political appointees and the other 70% have been drawn from career diplomatic ranks. but the career foreign service really hopes that pompeo turns to them whenever possible to fill some of these top positions, especially when it comes to positions like undersecretary for political affairs, or the director general of the foreign service, which is kind of like the human resources piece. so they're hoping tat this is a good opportunity for pompeo to

show that he does care about thg foservice, which tillerson did not seem to do. >> it is still very, very early in his tenure, but any redications that the culture might be dif than under the tillerson regime? ha>> well, pompeo so fagone out of his way to praise members of thereign service and the civil service who work for him at the state department. he did not bring in any outside aides or advisors, and that was a reald signal for a lot of people at the state department because it meant that he was going to rely on them foh he needed, at least for now. and that was kite different than what secretary tillerson did because he came in and largely was surrounded by a hndful of people he brought in from the outside and they basically cut off his access to the foreign service and vice versa. >> what's the kind of net hefect of all open positions? is the state department -- it has ousands and thousands of employees, is it functioning less effectively than it could? >> when you have assistant secretaries on issues like human rights or, you know, for the middle east, which we don't have

one right now, thosere the guys who particularly are the ones who are talking to foreign counterpartstelling them, you know -- keeping them up to date on what's going on, keeping people in the op and, you know, now they're not there so there's these like empty positionand people overseas, foreign leaders, foreign diplomats, they don't know who to turn to at the state department and they just feel like -- they feel like things are a bit lost. there's a bit of a vacuum on a lot of levels. >> all right, nahal toosi, thanks so much for joining us. >> thanks fohaving me. >> sreenivasan: we turn now to an art exhibit here in new york city that examines the relationship between the rise of nationalism and censorship of the arts. newshour weekend's ivette feliciano reports. >> reporter: countries from poland to hungary to turkey are experiencing a rise in nationalism and the effects itwa

new exhibit at new york's neue galerie, "before the fall," examines art produced in germany and austria under the third reich and what can happen to a culture when free speech is curtailed in the extreme. >> the idea behind the exhibition is to think about how artists reacted to political, histrical circumstances and how they work, evolve during the 1930s. was really like thinkin about, is there potential in art to reflect on historical circumances? >> reporter: dr. olaf peters is an art historn at germany's martin luther university and the exhibit's curar. the show is a continuation of two previous neue shows. "degenerate art" examined works that the nazi party publicly denigrated while "berlin metropolis" looked at the rich artistic culture of germany's capital in th1920s.

adolf hitler's third reich purged the modern art world after coming to power in 1933. it raided the influential bauhaus art school and shut it down. it did the same the modern art wing of the german national gallery. hitler banned many artists from creating art altogether. >> you had an extremely strong and rich art scene during the 1920s in germany. for me, the question was always, what happened to this art scene? >> reporter: peters says that many artists camouflaged their s using conventional art forms. still lifes and portraits became heavy with symbolism. landscapes, like the 1936 painting "expectation" by german artist richard oelze, depicted f dark aeboding scenes. >> it's a little bit apocalyptie landscape onne side if you have, on the ther side, a group of people standing there and looking maybe into a dark or unknown future. >> reporter: those artists who

did not conform could not find a safe venue for their work. how watheir work received at the time by the public? of some are so overt when it comes to critiquhose circumstances, the living conditions of the third reich, that is impossible to... to show them. >> reporter: one artist who chose self-exile was the german painter max beckmannleft germany for the netherlands in 1937. there he painted a work called "birds' hell," which contains polical references to the na party. >> it was painted one year after max beckmann has left... had left germany. and in amsterdam, he made the decision to create ts allegory of his country where you can see the birds torturing, for example, saluting.>> eporter: some artists paid the ultimate price for their work. one was a jewish-austrian artist named friedl dicker-brandeis. >> she was highly political. she studied at the bauhaus in

wei gmar many; went back to austria and developed some, say political montages or collages in the early 1930s. but she was captured. she depicted some interrogationt which are realching because you can see what torture meant. ind she was finally brough an extermination camp and was killed. >>eporter: dr. peters says that visitors to the exhibit may view these o light, following a recent nationalist surgin europe. >> the situations are different, and history is not repeating itself. but, of course, you have to learn from history, maybe thinko about how to..void ilvelopments which are not... not a little bit s, not identical, and, yeah, and being... be aware of your responsibility. >> this is "pbs newshour weekend," saturday.

>> sreenivasan: thisweek was may day, when many countries pause to honor workers. this year, photographers fm agence france-presse took a look at those around e world whose jobs have become increasingly rare thanks to advances in technology. the series is called "the disappearing jobs of yesterday." >> the idea was to show the jobs that are... have been part of our lives for decades and are slowly disappearing around the world. >> reporter: eric badarat a.f.p.'s photo editor for north america. >> the first idea originally waf d jobs that are disappearing because of the internet revolution, becaul of the digivolution. but then, there were so many ideas and so many nitraits coming that we kind of broadened little bit the idea and. and... and maybe just simple... simply as disappearing jobs. >> reporter:.f.p.'s photographers captured a wide range of jobs, from one of the last gas lamp liters in london a bookbinder in bulgaria, a

key maker on the streets beijing and a sewing machine repairman in belgrade.th project even highlighted photographers themselves. >> the... the, you knogr the film phohy, the street portrait photographers on touristy places and everything, iphone and selfies are killing those jobsnd so, it was f an immediate reflex for photographers to talk about photographers. >> repter: and in rio, brazil, there's at least one video rental store remaining. >> it's true that the idea tha dvd or video rental is totally disappearing. it was a big thing in e '90s or the '80s, and now totally gone. so, ou have a frame that is consistent everywhere in the world, you can show a moment in the... in life everywhere the same way, and... and people, you know, will buy that a lot. they are very interested.

>> sreenivasan: and a reminder to join uswen pbs newshour end tomorrow. we look at a controversial work requirement for low income residents of maine, as other states model similar programs. >> i'm incredibly proud that maine is seen as a model. >> maine is not a model, it's a utionary tale. >> sreenivasan: that's l for this edition of "pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet access.wgbh.orgoup at wgbh >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by:

bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. vagelos.y vagelos and diana t. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind prbwalter. a hope zuckerberg. corporate funding isrovided mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. rthat's why we're y retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs. be more.

>>i'm going to be going on this roadtrip with >>two other community college goers >>we are going to travel around the united states >>and iterview super succesful people who also atended communy college >>that's why we're owethis roadtrip is because all dealing with something's thind of stopping us >>it's going to be super life changing >> roadtrip nation is made possible by ecmc foundation, a los angeles-based, nationally focused philanthropic organization. ecmc foundation's mission is to inspien and facilitate improv that affect educational outcomes, especially among underserved populations through evidence-based innovation. learn more about ecmc foundation by visiting www.ecmcfoundation.org