captioning sponsored by newsur productions, llc >> yang: good evening, i'm john yang. judy woodruff is on vacation. on the newshour tonight, settind the date: prt trump says his meeting with north korean leader kim jong un will take place in singapore in june. also, israeli warplanes strike dozens of iranian targets in syria amid rising tensions inas the middle et. plus, investigating american- deaths in nigee pentagon details what went wrong during an ambush that killed four american soldiers. and, culture at risk: the environmental and historical stakes of the president's decision to rink utah's bears nurs national monument. >> bears ears the nt' is the headline, but the fight itself goes far bend just monuments. it goes to the relationship of the united states government

with federally recognized tribes and treaty rights which existed long before some of the states did. >> yang: all that and more onto ght's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, logy, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new

york. supporting innovations in education, democratic eagagement, and the advancement of international and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viers like you. thank you. >> yang: israel and iran are staring each other down tonight, across the expanse of syria. long-simmering hostility flared to life last night, as the iselis blasted iranian fighters in syria, with their largest air strikes since the 1973 war

they say the iranians started it, with a rocket barrage. special correspondent jane ferguson reports from rusalem. >> reporter: the bright dots and streaks in the sky, as shown in syrian night-vision and television video, ll the story an overnight mideast confrontation. the pictures purportedly show israeli air strikes against iranian military targets. damascus also claims they show syrian air defenses intercepting those israeli missiles. a spokesman for the israeli defense forces said today they struck dozens of iranian targets, not just around damascus, but throughout the southern part of syria. the israeli military said the overnight operation was a response to rockets that, they say, iranian forces fired first, at israeli military pos in the golan heights. the israelis said most of the iranian rockets either missed their mark, or were intercepted. israel's defense mister, avigdor lieberman, lauded his country's operation, and put

iran on notice. >> ( translated ): we, of course, struck almost all the iranian infrastructure in syria, and they need to remember thisir arrogance of t if we get rain, they'll get a flood. i hope that we ended t chapter and that everyone understood. >>eporter: in jerusalem, israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu id iran "crossed a red line," and he warned syrian president bashar al-assad as well. >> ( translated ): we are in a continuous campaign, and our policy is clear: we will not allow iran to establish itself militarily in syria.er yey i delivered a clear message to assad: our action is directed against iranian targets in syria. but if the syrian army acts against us, we will act against it. whoever attacks us, we will tack them sevenfold and whoever prepares to attack us, we will act against them first. >> reporter: a syrian military spokesman, however, disputed that israel's offensive was a success.

slatedr): syrian anti aircraft defences earlier this morning destroyed the largest part of a successive wavelof isrockets fired at its army bases. >> reporter: in washington, a white house statement left no doubt where the trump admistration stands. it condemned the iranian rocket attack on the golan heights as "provocative," and supported the israeli attack as "self- irdefense." had vowed to respond to earlier israeli military strt es on syria, hadn't made clear when it would do so. of course, what happened overnight came less than two days after the u.s. announced it was pulling out of iran's nuclear agreement wild powers, a step welcomed here in israel, amid hardening battle linein the region. other world powers spent today trying to lower tensions. french president emmanuel macron. >> ( translated ): there is aca risk of tion and growing tensions, we must be very vigilant to avoid that. >> reporter: that was also the line from russian foreign minister sergei lavrov

>> ( translated ): as for escalation between israel and iran, we think it is a rather disturbing trend. t we beliet all the problems should solved through a dialogue. and many times in contts with the leadership of iran and israel, we emphasized the need to avoid any actions which would be mutually, so to say, provoking. reporter: and there was even firmer language from the united nations, which called for theto two sides to >> the secretary-general urges for an immediate halt to all ewstile acts and any provocative actions to avoid a conflagration in the region, already embroiled in terrible conflicts, with immense suffering for civilians. >> reporter: in the golan today, there was lile sign of conflict, but tensions remain high. for the pbs newshour, i'm jane ferguson, in jerusalem. >> yang: we'll have a discussion of what the israeli/iranian clashes could mean, after the news summary.

from the middle east, to north korea, president trump announced today that h summit with kim jong-un is set for singapore, on june 12th. he said, in a tweet: "we will both try to make it a very special moment for world peace!" the city-state of singapore is a regional commercial hub in southeast asia. it has close ties to the united states, andiplomatic relations with north korea. the summit announcement came edurs after mr. trump welc home three americans who had been imprisoned in north korea. white house correspondent yamiche alcindor reports on the homecoming. >> reporter: cheers echoed in the pre-dawn dark at joint base andrews, as president trump brought out the newly freed americans. he'd met briefly with them on the plane, then hailed theirle ree, and the welcome. >> it's very early in the morning. i think you probably broke the all time in history television rating for 3:00 in the morning, that i would say. >> reporter: the forcaptives flew home with secretary of

state pompeo, after his meeting with north korean leader kim jong un in pyongyang. their release came ahead of the planned summit between kim and president trump, with the north's nuclear program on the table. >> i really think he wants to do something. i think he did ts because i really think he wants to doin someand bring their country into the real world. >> reporte north korean state tv said the release followed an "official suggestion" from the trump administration. the three men are all koan- americans. tony kim and kim hak-song were detained in april and may of 2017. kidong chul had been held d nce 2015. all were imprisor crimes that include espionage and "hostile acts" against north korea. eserican officials say those charges were groun the president today praised kim's treatment of the men. >> i want to thank kim jong un who really was excellent to

these three incredible people. >> reporter: tir own descriptions of captivity were less glowing. >> how were you treated? >> ( translated ): yes, we were y different ways. for me, i had to do a lot of labor, but when i got sick i was also treated by them.te >> rep later, vice president pence said at least onhad evidently been kept innfined, in the dark. >> one of the detas asked to go outside the plane because he hadn't seen daylight in a very long time. >> reporter: u.s. lawmakers applauded their release, but senate minority leader chuck schumer warned against making ve this is not some great on north korea's part. an should american citizens be viewed as bargaining chips by foreign capital. >> reporter: in their own statement, the three men thanked the u.s. government, pnt trump and secretary of state pompeo. they were taken to walter reed military hospital in bethesda, maryland, for evaluation and treatment. for the pbs newshour, i'm miche alcindor.

>> yang: in the day's other news, the pentagon blamed a series of failures forhe ambush deaths of four u.s. commandos in niger, last october. u.s. afra command found the mission was not properly approved. it alscited poor preparation, communications and training. we'll have a full report, later in the program. in malaysia, the 92-year-oldfo er leader, mahathir mohamad, was sworn in today as the new prime minister, after a stunning election victory. wednesday's vote ousted the ruling party of more than six decades, over corruption, a crackdown on dissent and an unpopular sales ta today, mahathir took the oath of office in kuala lumpur, and at a news conference, promised major changes. >> of course right away we will have to do a lot of work litomorrow but i would als to thank the people, the people who supported us. >> yang: mahathir governed from

1981 to 2003. he was credited with modernizing malaysia, but was also known for his authoritarian rule. back in this country, the u.s. house voted to revive the process of licensing a nuclear wane dump at yucca mountain nevada. president obama shelved the project in 2010, but pressureui for action has as spent fuel from nuclear power plants accumulates in 39 states the bill now goes to the senate, where nevada's two senat bs have vowed ck it. findings o tonight say climate change fueled the destructive power of hurricane "harvey" last summer. the national center for atmospheric research reports that record warmth in e gulf of mexico super-charged the storm. that led to huge amounts of rain across tas, and catastrophic flooding. it's one of the strongest links yet between warming an t,ecific weather event. and, on wall str rally in tech stocks boosted the broader market again. the dow jones industrial average

gained 197 points to close at. 24,7 the sdaq rose 65 points, and the s&p 500 added 25. still to come on the newshour: mid-east tensions: are iran and israel heading toward what happened and who's to blame: the pentagon report on the deadly ambush on u.s. forces in niger. making sense of how populism is affecting economic policy, and much more. >> yang: now back to the israeli raids on iranian targets in syria. why did israel act and is the ddle east on the verge of a wider war? david makovsky is a former journalist and is now the dictor of the project on t middle east peace process at the washington institute for near east poly. he's in tel aviv tonight. and mark perry is a contributing editor to the "americanva

consve" magazine. he's the author of "talking to terrorists: why america must engage with its enemies." gentlemen, thank you both tor being heright. mark, let me start with you. we heard in the taped piece juse re this, the israelis were presenting this as a defensive asure. the prime minister says iran crossed a red line by establishing military infrastructure in syria. is that the way you see it? >> not really. i think this isa a dngerous escalation. israel ha 27f-16s in the air over syria hitting iranian military targets. mr. netanyahu says it was a red line but thean irahave been in syria for a reasoning time and have had a relationship ahere. this iangerous escalation. it's hard to know where it will end. it's been quiet today butno there'romise it will remain quiet into tomorrow. i thk mr. netanyahu owes th world an explanation of what he's doing and where it wil. le >> yang: david, the view from

tel aviv. do you agree? >> no, that's not the way it's seenver here and just here. i think there have been condemnations fro emuropean leaders may, merkel and macron today against iran. israel has tried to stay out of the syrian civil war all these years, but as it sees assad winning the war, it sees the payoff assad is giving tois iranian allies is to be further entrenched in syria in a way that israel fears will replicate what happens in lebanon where h over 100,0zbollah rockets perched on israel's border. it should be remembed damascus is 1,000 miles from tehran. so that's not exactly defensive in the eyes of these european aders, the united states and certainly israel. israel says you've got to nip ie inud early before iran entrenches itself further. >> yang: but, david, israel has been carrying out actions against iranian targets in syria in little bits and pieces, but

last night they were out in front on this. they came out and said, yes, hiis is us, we did this, this is what wet. why the different response or explanation this time? >> well because what's different is that iran hit israel and four were intercepted by the iron dome. a lot of the rockets didn't make it that far. so iran is -- has moved it up a notch by going coss border over to israel. so israel now, the veil of denight club, now, i think is over and israel, for the first time, went public. >> and, mark, you say you see this as an ecalation. why now? why is israel doing this now? >> that's a good question.w, you kn think there's a lot of pointing fingers here which doesn't really help. iran iblaming israel and israel is blaming iran. but i think the facts on th ground have remained steadfast for 30 years. iran has been in syria for a

long time, and hezbollah is established well in southern lebanon. at's not going to cange. so why the rocket attacks? i think -- and wh t israeli intervention? and i think that israel saw this as an opportunity in the wake of president trump's decision on the iran unrolling the iran nuclear deal. they saw this as an opportunity to me a point. they numeric would come to their defense. they knew president trump would defend this. they knew they would blame iran. opportunity gre for israel to make a point and make a point mlitarily. >> yang: david, what about the the point about the timing, the fact that this came so quickly on the heels of the president o the united states pulling out of the iran nuclear deal? >> look, iespectfully disagree with mark, and it gets to the timing issue, too. it could be here that iran's response was waiting for the j.c.p.o.a. announcement of trump. do i think that is possible. the israeli attacks on the

infrastructure have been for the last few months. there's been a shadow war. it's really only tarted in earnest, i would argue, since september when irahas created new facilities. yes, mark is right that iran had a long-time relationship with syria but what's new is they're creating facilities to upgrade rockets into missiles that can hit israel with high precincts. there's now all these shia-backed proxies that an is pouring in from afghanistan, pax. pakistan, they neverd to be in syria. they want to set up a naval base and air base ad they're now in five syrian bases. this is a new level, and we should realize here we're on te threshold of something new. i hope cool hea will prevail and maybe some sort of red-leme agt will be reached. i might agree with mark you're not going to get evaery irnian out of syria but there should be certain understandings of what iran can do in syria. we don'teed to see a

syrilebanon stereo situati with rockets coming. this is a destabilizing move by ir and we should nip th thing in the bud, we and the united states and the rest of arope and support ande sure that iran doesn't cross this. line >> yang: mark, regardless of which side is doing the destabilization, i think we can all agree thathere is the potential and danger for escalation here. how do you avoid this? how do you avoid this becoming a iter war, a hotter war? >> it's going to be difficult to do but a danger of a wider war has always been there and cooler heads have prevailed. this is a clear escalation but today we've had kind of atl walkback a lbit in the last 24 hours. a war with iran is not in israel's interest, and a war n'sh israel is not in ira interest. what's interesting to me is the role that russia has played here. russia, mr. putin, clearly,

according to most recent reports, has told mr. netanmihu the primster of israel not to hit syrian sites. so they're targeting iran. we are at the beginning of a new rules of the road in this conflict. it's not in anyone's interest tt see it escand, hopefully, the calm in the last 24 hours will remain. >> yang: david makovsky, the w rules of the road, will the calm remain? >> look, i agree with mark that no one should want to see an escalation here. i think it's clear what iran could do to avert that. to the extent the uted states and russia they ould actually work together on something, there is a commonali of interest, it seems to me, to have ctain red lines observed. no iranian nisks syria. th want cooperation, fine but, don't transform iran's position on syria like you have in lebanon with over 100,000

rocket you're in the early phases, nip it in the bud, at a certain point it will be to late. i hope the great powers will recome together, creatline understandings so this does not ease schait because war is not in anybody's interest. >> yang: david makovsky and mark perry in a telv. thank you very much. >> yang: as we reported earlier, the pentagon relsed findings of its investigation into the terrorist ambush that killed four american soldiers last october in niger. the catalog of grave ms is long, and many questions remain. we should warn youe hat some of ages in this report are disturbing. foreign affairs and defenseen corresponick schifrin begins our report with what went wrong. >> schifrin: on october 4, 2017, american and nigerian soldiers were returning from what commanders had claimed would be a low-risk msion. this video is from americans'

helmet cameras, posted online as isis propaganda. today the pentagon released animion of what became an ambush. two u.s. vehicles, in purple, drove south to escape isised fighters, in r, but a thirds. ehicle got pinned down. in that vehicle were staff sergeants bryan black, jeremiah johnson, and dustin wright. imis is believed to be jerh johnson's helmet cam. ri takes cover behind the s.u.v. as they tried to dve to safety. but they were outarmed and overwhelmethree to one. bryan black was shot, and killed instantly. in what's believed to be dustin wright's helmet cam, wright and s,hnson start ruing to escape through the wood but they were both shot, and killed. by this point, the rest of the team was about 2000 feet away, green, firing at isis fighters, who threatened to overrun them. this is where la david johnson was trying to get inside his vehicle to drive away. but the firing was overwhelming, and johnson, in desperation, ran away. he ran for more than half a mile, by himself, until he took cover under a large tree.

that's where he was killed. >> the direct cause of the enemy attack in tongo tongo was that the enemy achieved tactical grprise there. >> schifrin: majeral roger cloutier and the top u.s. commanr in africa, gen. thomas waldhauser, said today the team had failed to train enough with their nigerian colleagues. >> if you get to a position in an opetion where you're under enemy contact, you need to be able to operate like clockwork, without having to spk with because you know the drills. and in this particular case, the team did not conduct tasic soldier-level skills that are really necessary to go on an operation such as this. >> schrin: the pentagon investigation also found the team's commanders, two captains, mischaracterized the inial mission,laiming it was less dangerous than it really was. >> had the first mission been properly characterized, it would lve been required to be approved at a highel. any by being approved at a higher level, it would have received more oversight from the chain of command. >> schifrin: this team is part of special operations command, which trains with and supports nigerian forces. today, general waldhauser

suggested the team's training and equipment deficiencies, >> we have component commands then who in their charge-- special command africa, in this particular instance-- it's his responsibility, his job to conduct, oversee various responsibilities allthe continent. >> u.s. commanders say they have increased soldiers access to armored vehicles, becommore restrained in the missions they undertyke and emphasizing the goals should be avies and assist not conduct combat. i'm joined by sarah sewall, under secretary of state in the obamadmistration. she's now a distinguished scholar at john hop skiool of advanced international studies. sarah sewall, tha very much. >> thanks for having . was this a tactical surprise or a misunderstanding of the

threat environment? >> it was obviously tactical surprise to the extent they weren't expecting the unit to be ambushed but it does suggest the reaction that we had never seen this large a group of terrorists gathered, some 50 armed and in an organized ambush, sugatgest he level of threat changed in a way that took people by a broader surprise. it what does that say tha took them by a broader surprise? e> the rules of engagement possibly that theel of preparation, that the kind of guidance they had in their ability to plaand conduct operations was perhaps not attuned to ancreased threat environment. >> so it sounds like that means that the problem wasn't only just that four u.s. soldiers and four nigerian edldiers diut there is a bigger problem at the core. >> it's always a tragedy whenle peie and we have to learn from their deaths which is clearly what they're seking to do wih this report. however, the larger question

really is whether or not you can put people in vulnerable situations on the ground in the ght against rutess terrorists, even if they're in a nominal supporting role and expect theernot to do evhing they can to defend themselves and their partner forces when they encounter the enemy. >> and effectively that mens advise and assist does become as combat sion, right? >> can become a combat mission. i think the obma administration before them and the trump administration now both wish to keep the us. footprint small and wish to keep us in a supporting role not asp sible role. france is really taking the major power lead in partnering with forces to dfeat terrorists, but there is always a si on the part of our service people to get the job done and there is always inherent risk when you have small units out and about facing uncertainty around the corner and that's why i think one of the great innovations ois insist each unit have its own dronso it has greater

awareness of the operating environment so it can avoid the kind of tactical surprise that it so tragically encountered. >> so that seems to reveal attention tween what the mission is stated to be advise and assist and perhaps a military desire to defeat the aremy, right? >> well, the milis always going to desire to defeat the enemy and part of what ther report isstling with is how do you put rules in place that help reinforce the support function and the constraints on that. the broader question for theam ican people is do we understand when we ask americans to play a pporting role overseas in the war on terror, do we understand the level of threat to which wbe exposing them if, in fact, the threat changes, which appears to i the case in ths instance, an unexpected increase in enemy capability, then we are likely to experience losses and are likely to need to adapt, andt that may be broader lesson of what happened in niger.

>> care care, thank you very much. >> thank you for having me. >> yang: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: culture at risk: the controversy surrounding the future of utah's bears ears national monument. a look at the life of the kennedy with perhaps the greatest lasting impact: eunice kennedy ieriver. and a but spectacular take on rethinking the workplace. during his presidential campaign in 2016, president trump often spoke about changing trade policies, including revamping the north american free trade agreement and imposing tariffs on imports. he argued these changes woulder protect an jobs and the economy that populist message struck a chord with many voters. but why? our economics correspondent paul solman has a look at how growing public discontent has turned into a major political force. it's part of his weekly series,

making sense. >> we have rebuilt china. they have taken so much money out of our country. >> reporter: if president trumpn has had consistent message since the beginning of his campaign, it's been that america is getting a raw dea the global economy.es >> our factoere shuttered. ar steel mills close down, and our jobs were stoly and shipped far away to other ycountries, some of which have never even heard of. >> reporter: now, manufacturing jobs are ticking up, the president has imposed a host of tariffs, taxes, on imports and threatened more, and reworking nafta, the agreement that regulates trade with canada and mexico, is also on his economic agenda. g we're going to get it opened up or we're not dobusiness with these other countries, right? >> reporter: it's playwell with the president's base, as evidenced by a recent rally in michigan. >> he's brought the awareness to

tting that trade back from ulina, and then we're going to see undeniable r. >> reporter: the policy changes and the people who support them are all part an ideology roown as populism. >> populism is a which stands for the will of the people and which will clean up the elite. >> reporter: fmer chief economist at the international monetary fund and later the head of india's central bank, raghuram rajan, thinks the recent populist wave has an economic basis, which, he says...om >> reflects toextent a frustration with the pace ofon ic growth over the last so many years. >>heporter: so slower growt than america had been used to. ncond, the economic gains, however modest, ha been felt evenly across the country.r >> the midwetowns that are hurting clearly, those aren't necessarily benefiting from this growth. >> reporter: and those swing

state towns, long dependent on factories that have offshored and left them hanging, swung the election to trump. were the free trade policies of previous administrations to ame, as trump supporters believe? economist teresa ghilarducci says no. >> i don't think it was the ult of good intentioned, good hearted progressives. >> reporter: consider how the big autoailouts during the bush and obama administrations and their economic brain trusts helped the midwest. >> those regions would have fallen much further behind thaid they but paul, they still fell behind. >> reporter: and that falling behind exacerbated populist resentment, says economist deirdre mccloskey, against those of us who complacently benefited from the post-industrial economy. >> i guess we caused it because we didn't keep up en populism banter on our own is >> reporter: you mean we didn't, we didn't. >> say enough populist things.or >> rr: and the message

constantly portrayed in the media, that economic iowquality was g, made matters worse. or so mccloskey controversially claims. >> it's the politicians and some academics indeed and some a lot of journalists have emphasized it. yove said "you poor people inequality has increased." which is dubiously true. >> reporter: so what y saying is that when people like myself say look at the growing inequality, the people who might otherwise have said "i'm doing okay." >> "i'm doing okay, not to worry." >> reporter: certainly are now alerted to their lower status, is that right? >> exactly. >> reporter: and the resulting anxiety helped fuel the populist fire. well, maybe. but even if not, a recent university of pennsylvania study concluded that "change in financial wellbeing had little impact on candidate preference"

that instead, trump vote were moved by a loss in status, for two main reasons. the first is globalization-- that americans feel they're opfalling behind as other , mainly the chinese, surge ahead. and that has led many americans to a despair, as highlighted by the opioid crisis in so many of the pockets of populism.ni or so argues ursity of michigan economist lisa cook. >> i've lived in europe and i've lived in russia.k and i that i've seen the worst of what populism can bring.lu >> reporter: ing, says cook, the heavy drinking that followed the collapse and loss of international status in the former soviet union. >> all of a sudden russia was exposed to these global forces. what happened? life expectancy for men fell to we saw in developing countries. you could say that the opioid crisiss the same kind of crisis. sort of placating thesn

nervs, the anxiety that people have. >> reporter: so opioids are the vodka of america? >> yes. >> reporter: a second cause of status anxiety, according to the university of pennsylvaniast y: "growing racial diversity," which undermines white americans' sense of primacy. that finding comes as little surprise to african-american economist darrick hamilton, who thinks it explains much the trump campaign. >> if we're just going to be blunt, he was signaling to white americans that, "your relative position will be restored withy. my preside >> but going out and voting, this is your last chance, this is your last chance to make our untry truly, truly, trul great again. >> so i'm coming in and i'm your last cnce with this impending demographic change of all these non-whiteshat are going to change the relative proportion of aorrica. >> rr: the message-- that voters more to gain than lose-- resonated, says teresa

>> if a powerful whiam man says: i on your side, why not take a chance? reporter: whatever the rplanation, president donald trump, trying toestore america's place in the world economy, has now targeted chinese trade practices, china has promised tretaliate, and fears of an escalating trade war fill the air, stokedy president trump's recent tweet that, "when you're alrdy $500 billion down, you can't lose!" of course, many economists say there's plenty to lose. but to the president's populist supporters feel they've lost enough already to take a chance. >> u-s-a! u-s-a! u-s-a! >> reporter: this is economicsul correspondent olman, reporting for the pbs newshour.

ub yang: now, the battle over who should controlc lands that are rich with both rare cts and natural resource jeffrey brown reports about the bears ears national monument in southern utah. it's part of his "culture at risk" series. >> we're in rocks that are almost 300 million yearsld here >> brown: in the rugged and remote canyons of southern utah, there are many ways to count time. >> so what have you exposed here: >> brownleontologist randall irmis and his team are finding bones from a hundred million yearbefore dinosaurs. >> this site is what we call a bone bed. we found hundreds of bones of many different individuals and different species. >> brown: irmis a professor at utah university and curator at its natural history museum. >> we barely scratched the surface, in terms of the paleontology out her i would say less than 5% has been systematically prospected for sites. >> brown: researchers working

near here recently announced a spectacular finding: triassic- period remains of a cre- like animal called phytosaurs. it's painstaking work, in an area now caught up in the shifting politics of our time. in the waning days of his presidency, barack obama used the antiquities act to create the bears ears national monument-- 1.35 million acres, named for two buttes that tower over part of the landscape. that designation, which in the past has ledo the creation of national parks, set in motion a plan to put tighter restrictions on howhe land could be used. no one disputes the awe-ir ing beauty of this area, buovthere's a great dispute land use and federal oversight. in december, president trump ntmoved 100 million acres, shrinking the monuy 85%, signing a proclamation in salt ke city.

bruce adams was there, cheerin him on. adams is a reted school teacher and county commissioner an juan the vast county, an area larger than several states. a fifth generation rancher, his sense of time centers on his mormon pioneer ancestors who came here in 1879. >> i just think the local people should have a large input into what the federal government is going to designate we've taken care of the cultural resources, the other resources for generations. >> brown: much of the land here has long been overseen by the federal bureau of land management, the b.l.m. and adams and many here think that's more than enough.>> e want the land the access left open so that everybody has an equal opportunity to enjoy the public lands i county.n

>> brown: why is the monument so important? >> it was an actual recognition of native americans and their history and their importance. >> brown: shawn chapoose says he wants americans to enjoy the land, too, with stronger protections. a leader of the ute tribe, chapoose also takes a long view of a land where ibal people have lived for centuries. he was part of a five tribe coalition that ledhe effort to establish the monument, which would be partly managed by native aricans. >> bears ears the monument is the headline, but the fightit lf goes far beyond just monuments. it goes to the relationship of the united states government with federally recognized tribes and treaty rights which existed long before some of the states did. >> brown: the monument is a flashpoint, you're saying, and the real issue is what? >> a broader land grab of federal lands and indian lands

and raw resources. l> brown: for potent development? >> oh, yeah. it's all about money. it's money-driven. >> brown: that's what many see in the bears ears dispute. the energy industry in this area, uranium mining, oil an s drilling, has been a boom and bust business. it's limited today, but an open question about future technology's ability to make extraction profitable. a onew york times" investiga of department of interior emails ed oil and gas explorati was a consideration in reducing the monument size. >> the demand of that type of resource, is not going away, and they're looking for new areas or new locationloto do more deent. >> brown: but opponents of the monument like rancher bruce adams say fears of devblopment are ovown. >> i haven't seen any oil and gas exploration out there in the last 30 or 40 years.

but you don't know what's out there. there may be some way to extract it. but i can tell you, the b.l.m. has enough protections on that area thait would be very, very difficult, if not impossible for the oil and gas industry to go out there and start exploring for oil and gas today. >> brown: whatever might be underground, t archeological treasures above are indisputable. president obama's proclamation cited more than 100,000 cultural objects from at least 10,000 years of human history. >> the archeology of bears ears is some of the best preserved in the united states. >> brown: josh ewingad of friends of cedar mesa, a group working to protect bear's ears cultural heritage, took us to a huge rock panel of paintings going back at least 7000 years, figures and animals from different periods. w >>t you first see is a

bi on, which is superimposed top of a mammoth, which makes us think that this may be the oldest rock art in north america. >> brown: but this site along san juan river just outside the town of bluff, was cut out of the monu trump's decree. >> i cannot for the life of me hafigure out the logic for president trump left in and what he kickeout of the monument. we estimate 75% of the archeology of the original monument was cut out. >> brown: ewing's group is now building a visitor center to educate the growing numberofhe people coming re. they've also joined in a lawsuit claiming president trump didn't have the authority to reduce the size of the monument, and that doing so puts cultural antiquities at risk. >> everydy agrees this land should be protected. this is universal. the real question comes down to who gets to make the decisions and how it's protected. >> brown: amid this legal limbo,

republican congressman john curtis, who represents this area, has introduced legislation to codify into law the reduced size of the monument, but argues he's added sufficient inotections for the surrou lands as well. >> the antiquities act is not the best tool to protect our land, the best tool is congress. congress moving forward on something is able to add meat to the bones, is able to add detail an antiquities act coul never do. if they're pinning their hopes on the lawsuits that means thatw we go a decahout any decision about what should be done with this land. that's not a good solution. >> brown: in the meantime, the area where paleontologist irmise and his team a working is no lot.er in the national monum ir ns, a state employee, didot want to comment directme on the monu. but said this: >> whatever haens, i think it's really important to continue protecting and ureserving the world-class paleontological res that are out here, throughout this

area. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown inside, and out, of the bears ears national monument in southern utah. >> yang: they include apr ident, an attorney general and a senator. the kennedys are one of the most storied political families american history. judy woodruff sat down recently with the author of a book about a lesser-known but arguably no less influential kennedy sibling: eunice kennedy shriver. >> woodruff: eileen mcnamara thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: so the book title is "eunice: the kennedy who changed the world" and it's nott ju title but in a early review, "kirkus reviews," theyr describe yok, "a convincing argument that eunice rennedy shriver, the fifth of nine kennedy chichanged

the world in ways at least as significant as her morus relatives." that's a high bar. >> yeah, that's a etty high ba i think she hurdled it. ad woodruff: it was almost as if she was born wittional energy and additional drive. where did that come from? >> wl it's interesting becau she was born with all kinds of physical ailments and yet she powered throh them. somebody else might have taken to their bed. but eunice took to the athletic fields. she took to r schoolbooks. she excelled at everything she did. >> woodruff: and you cite in the book a point when later in her life she was talking about growing up and what her parents said to her, and she said i was told real power was not for me. what did that mean? >> it meant she was a kennedy woman, not a kennedy man. and as bright as she was-- she graduated from stanford-- she was not given the opportunities ifin politics or in public that were available to her brothers. they just simply didn't see her, because she was a girl.

>> woodruff: and that mainly was her father?in >> it was her father. yes it was mainly-- she asked him-- she wrote a very plaintive letter to him in the '50s asking, "daddy you're spending so much time on everyone's career, what about me?" >> woodruff: we use the term force of nature; we throw that term around a lot to describe people with big personalities.in anhis case in a family full of people with big personalities. what made her stand out? >> i think her drive. she says in a speech that she makes toward the end of her relife, you mentioned, tha power is not for me. so they didn't give it to her, so she took it. she hijack the family's charitable foundation essentially to tn it to her interest which was helping children with intellectual disabilities. >> woodruff: butt was her drive that desire to do something to find justice fo people who didn't have it and a lot of that emerged, it comes through in the book, from the experience with her older sister rosemary.

>> well rosemary was born with mild intellectual disability. her schoolwork is on file at the nnedy library. so it looked like she achieved about a fourth grade level in school. she was presented at court as a debutante in london. she made her way okay through the world until she became a young woman and then anger and apparent mental illness compounded her intellectual disability. and her father made a misguided decision, but i think probably a well-intentioned one. he thought a prefrontal lobotomy, which was experimental, but some of the literature said promising, would cure her. >> woouff: taking out some of her brain. >> and it did not cure her. l t her incapacitated, unable to speak, unable to walk. >> woodruff: a how did eunice deal with that? >> i think that was the fuel that powered the engin was eunice kennedy shriver. her sister was removed to an initution.

the children were forbidden to see her,ecause the father thought that iwouldn't be good for rosemary to be exposed to her very energetic and competitive siblings i they erased her from their lives and eunice dtoo. and i think there was some guilt that she was complicit isome way in letting rosemary languish far from home. >> woodruff: but she went on to try to make up for that in a very big way. >> she did. and it's ironic when joseph kennedy lost his voice through a stroke in 1961, eunice found hers. she brought rosemary back to the heart of the family because joe was no longer able to object. >> woodruff: and of course eunice went on to found special olympics, to do other work for people with disabilities and was always pushing. >> she pushed all her life with her brothers because they were

the public face of the family. before jack even took the oath of office she got a commitment for him that he would create a presidential panel on mentaln, retardathat we then called intellectual disabilities.it and she staffe she filled it with people with every kind of expert and the last piece of rgislation jack kennedy e signed was legislation that would de-institutionalize those children. >> woodruff: what do you think her legacy is? >> i think heregacy is enormous. the special olympics is a piece of it. t the national institute of edild health and human development is nfter eunice shriver now; it's because it didn't exist until e told jack the problems of children and pregnant women need the attention of the federal government. and not for the first or last time jack kennedy listened to eunice because he knew on issues

she cared about she kn what worked. >> woodruff: as you write you know alength she kept pushing after that. i mean, after his presidency she went on and was active until the very end oher life a few years ago. >> woodruff: the very end of her life lowell weicker tells a wonderful story. she died in the summer of 2009. and she called lowell weicker to her bedroom. >> woodruff: t former senator from connecticut. >> yes indeed. and harangued him, what are weg go do about these amendments to the americans with disabilities act?do whe have in congress? who's new that i need to get to know that we can pus?on these issu right to the very end of her fe she was working. >> woodruff: eileen mcnamara, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> yang: finally, anotofr installmenur weekly brief but spectacular series where we ask people about tir passions.

tonight we hear from patty mccord, who for 12 yea was chief talent officer of netflix. she now coaches and advises companies and enepreneurs on building workplace culture and the leadership to reinforce it. from abolishing performance reviews to challenging the need for policies themselves. her latest book is called "powerful: building a culture of freedom and responsibility." >> i used to say that the onlyd perk i wan have at netflix is showers, because you know how like, everybody says, "i had that great idea in the shower"? so, i wanted to just have like, a row of showers, if we gotik stuck, "everybody in the shower, don't come out until you get an idea." why do we do an annual performance review? is it to give people feedback because you think feedould result in better performance? if that's the case, it's a really terrible process. so, if i went to the whiteboard and it was a blank slate and i "okay, okay, i got th idea, okay, here's what we're

going to do, we're going to-- w once a yeare going to look rick in a really arbitrary, obtuse language de something that you may or may done many months in the past in order for you to correct that behavior in the future. and , by the way, we're goin to call that 'performance' and we're going to rate and rank you and we're going to roal it up with and objectives. then we're going to put it in with our 6.5% merit increase budget with a bell curve distribution and determine how to pay you." and if i did that, literally everybody in the room would be like, "okay, there's patty's idea. anybody else?" i remember when we did the player for the laptop, and we tested five different ns of it. and one of the versions looked like the cockpit of the clear submarine, i'm like, "what the hell is that thing in the corner?" and like, "well, patty, that's your buffering speed." and i'm like, "okay, here's the deal, i'm normal, not only do i not care what my buffering speed is, i don't want to know that buffering exists. i'm telling you, the winners are going to be paus forwards, and reverse." i won that one.

let's talk about culture-fit. who cares? here's how it really works in real life in most companies, hiring managers say, "i need to hire somebody who'rfgoing to be t. they're going to be articulate, smart, quick on their feet, funo e around, and really passionate about their work. someone, well, just like me. dd that's who they hire, like hires, like hires, like hires, like-- and it's just huun nature to do that and got to work against that. people used to ask me at netflix, like, "netfli hires a players, how do you do it?" i'd say, "there's an island only i know about and all the a players are there and i'm not telling you where it is." so, it's the problemyou have to solve and the personin who'edibly passionate about doing it and capable of doing it. my startup c.e.o.'s, they're so "orable, they're like, "w do i hire somebody like you to take care of the culture for me?"

and i'm like, "well, you don't, it's your job forever or get another window to be c.e.o. like, you own this."" well, okay, i get it, i'll take ownership for it. so how do i do it?" i'm like, "you live it, live it." if you want to be efficient, then show up on time, if you want to have honest discourse with people, then be honest with people. teach people how to make the right decisions, teach people how to be bold, and how you teach them how to do it is you do it so they can see it. i'm patty cord, and this is my brief but spectacular take on rethinking work. >> yang: you can find more brief tacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. the newshour online right now, it's been more than 12s yence nasa's "new horizons" probe left earth on a expeditionuto. a new book divulges the untold story of decades of planning,d reveal five facts about the space mission that you might not have known. m

that ae is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour r tonight. i'm john yang. join us online and again here tomorrow evening witd brooks and ruth marcus. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank yoand see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's where innovation begins.ad it's what us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what lea us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those working to improve the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin!ev

>>. >> advice for life. life well-planned. leomn more at raymondjames.c >> babbel. a languagepp that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. not all courses can go online like this. a> why not? it's, like, okay e got to get involved. bull yipping, would that be a

red line? >> welcome to e redwood forest. >> it's going to be0 feet. making the grade, tuesdays on the pbs "newshour". captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org s:

we're the history detectives, and we're going to investigate some untold stories fr america's past. gwen: nd in this episode, we ut if the plot to assassinate president abraham lincoln s tched in this house. booth then says, "what a splendid chance i had to kill the president." : tuku we find out how this black ventriloquist's dummy became a star of the stage at e turn of the 20th century. given the racial climate, i wanted to know how my dad and this figure, sam, got a break. elyse: fl and we discover if thi saved the lives of suspected southern sympathizers on staten island during the civil war.