captioning sponsoredy newshour productions, llc >> yang: good evening, i'm john yang. judy woodruff is on vacation. on the newshour tonight, setting the date: president trump says his meeting with north korean leader k jong un will take place in singapore in june. also, israeli warplanes strike dozens of iranian targets in syria amid rising tensions in the middle east. plus, investigating american deaths in niger-- the pentagon w details wht wrong during an ambush that killed four american soldiers. and, culture at risk: the environmental and historicalpr stakes of the esident's decision to shrink utah's bears rs national monument. >> bears ears the monument' is the heline, but the fight itself goes far beyond just monuments. it goes to the relationship of the united states government

with federally recognized tribes and treaty rights which existed long before some of the states did. >> yang: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babl. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, >> and by the alfred pn foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in

edation, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was ma possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> yang: israel and iran are staring each other down tonight, across the expanse of syria. long-simmering hostility flared to life last night, as the israelis blasted iraniana, fighters in syith their largest air strikes since the 1973 war.

they say the iranians started it, with a rocket barrage. special correspondent jane ferguson reports from jerusalem. >> reporter: the bright dots and streaks in theky, as shown in syrian night-vision and television video, tell the story of an overnight mideastnf ntation. the pictures purportedly showai israelstrikes against iranian military targets. damascus also claims they show syrian air defenses intercepting those israeli missiles. a spokesman for the israeli defense forces said today they struck dozens of iranian target not just around damascus, but throughout the southern part of syria. the israeli military said the overnight operation was aon re to rockets that, they say, iranian forces fired first, at israeli military positions in the golan heights. the israelis said mo of the iranian rockets either missed their mark, or were intercted. israel's defense minister, avigdor lieberman, lauded his country's operation, and put

iran on notice. >> ( translated of course, struck almost all the emanian infrastructure in syria, and they need tober this arrogance of theirs. if we get rain, they'll get a flood. i hope that we ended this chapter and that everyone understood. >> reporter: in jerusalem, israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu said iran "crossed a red line," and he warned syrian president bashar al-as well. >> ( translated ): we are in a continuous campaign, and our pocy is clear: we will not allow iran to establish itself militarily in syria. yesterday i delivered a clear message to assad: our action is directed against iranian targets in syria. but if the syrian arag acts nst us, we will act against it. whoever attackus, we will attack them sevenfold and whoever prepares to attack us, we will act ainst them first. >> reporter: a syrian military spokesman, however, disputed that israel's offensive was a success.

>> ( translated ): syrian anti- aircraft defences rlier this morning destroyed the largest part of a successive wave of israeli rockets fired at its army bases. >> reporter: in washington, a white house statement left no doubt where the trump administration stands. it condemned the inian rocket attack on the golan heights as "provocative," and suppoed the israeli attack as "self- defense." iran had vowed to respond to earlier israeli military strikes on syria, but it hadn't made clear when it would do so. c rse, what happened overnight came less than two days after the.s. announced it was pulling out of iran's nuclear agreement with worldrs poa step welcomed here in israel, amid hardening battle lines in the region.po other world rs spent today trying to lower tensions. french president emmanuel macron. >> ( translated ): there is a risk of escalation and growing tensions, we must be ver vigilant to avoid that. >> reporter: that was also the line from russian foreign minister sergei lavrov.

>> ( translated ): as for escalation between israel andir , we think it is a rather disturbing trend. we believe that all the problems should solved through a dialogue. and many times in contacts with the leadership of iran and israel, we emphasized the need to avoid any actions which would be mutually, so to say, provoking. >> reporter: and there was even firmer language from the united naons, which called for th two sides to stop. >> the secretary-general urges for an immediate halt to all hostile acts and any provocative actions to avoid a new conflagration in the region, ready embroiled in terrible conflicts, with immense suffering for civilians. >> reporter: in the golan today, there was little sign of conflict, but tensions remain high. for e pbs newshour, i'm jane ferguson, in jerusalem. >> yang: we'll have a discussion of what the israeli/iranian clashes uld mean, after the news summary.

from the middle east, to north korea, president trump announced today that his summit with kim jong-un is set for singapore, on june 12th. i he saia tweet: "we will both try to make it a very special moment for world peace!" the city-state of singapore is a regional commercial hub in southeast asia it has close ties to the united states, and diplomatic relations th north korea. the summit announcement came hours after mr. trump welcomed home three americans who had been imprisoned in north korea. white house correspondent yamiche alcindor reports on the homecoming. r orter: cheers echoed in the pre-dawn dark at joint base andrews, as president trumt broughthe newly freed americans. he'd m the plane, then hailed their release, and the welcome. >> it's very early in the morning. i think you probably broke the all time in history television rating for 3:00 in the morning, that i would say. >> reporter: the former captives flew home with secretary ofst

e pompeo, after his meeting with north korean leader kim jong un in pyongyang. their release came ahead of the planned summit between kim andum president with the north's nuclear program on the table. >> i really think he wants to do something. i think he did this because i really think he wants to do something and bring their country into the real world. >> reporter: north korean state tv said "official suggestion" from the trump administration. the three men are all korean- americans. tony kim and kim hak-song were detained in apl and may of 2017. kim dong chul had been held since 2015. all were imprisoned for crimes that include espionage and "hostile acts" against north korea. american officials say those charges were groundless. the president today praised kim's treatment of the men. >> i want to thank kim jong unre whly was excellent to these three incredible people.

>> reporter: their own descriptions of captivity we less glowing >> how were you treated? >> ( translated , we were treated in many different ways. for me, i had to do utlot of embor, when i got sick i was also treated by >> reporter: later, vice president pence said at least one had evidently been kept confined, in the dark. >> one of the detainees asked to go outside the plane because he hadn't seen daylight in a very long time. >> reporter: u.s. lawmakers applauded theirelease, but senate minority leader chuck schumer warned against making >> this is not some great give on north korea's part. and under no circumstances should american citizensbae viewed aaining chips by foreign capital. >> reporter: in their own statement, the three men thanked the u.s. government, president trump and secretary of state pompeo. they were taken to walter reed military hostal in bethesda, maryland, for evaluation and treatment. for the pbs newshour, i'm yamiche alcindor.

>> yang: in the day's other news, the pentagon blamed a series of failures for the ambush deaths of four u.s. commandos in niger, last october. u.s. africa command found the mission was not properly approved. it also cited poor preparation, communications and training. we'll have a full report, later in the program. in malaysia, the 92-year-old former leader, mahathir mohama s sworn in today as the new prime minister, after a stunning election victory. wednesday's vote ousted the ruling party of more than six decades, over corruption, a crackdown on dissent a unpopular sales tax. today, mahathir took the oath of office in kuallumpur, and at a news conference, prosed major changes. >> of course right away we will have to do a lot of work tomorrow but i would also like to thank the people, the people who supported us. >> yang: mahathir governed from

1981 to 2003. he was credited with modernizing malaysia, but was also known for his authoritarian rule. back in this cntry, the u.s. house voted to revive the process of licensing a nuclear waste dump at yucca mountain in nevada. president obama shelved the project in 2010, but pressure for action has built as spent fuel from nuclear power plants accumulates in 39 states. the bill now goes to the senate, where nevada's two senators have vowed to block it. findings out tonight say climate change fueled the destructive power of hurcane "harvey" last summer. the national center for mospheric research repor that record warmth in the gulf of mexico super-charged the storm. that led to huge amounts of rain across texas, and catastrophic flooding. it's one of the strongest links yet between warming and a specific weather ent. thd, on wall street, a rally in tech stocks boostee broader market again.in the dow jonestrial average

gained 197 points to close at 24,739. the nasdaq rose 65 points, and the s&p 500 added 25. still to come on the newshouon mid-east ten are iran and israel heading toward war? reat happened and who's to blame: the pentagort on the deadly ambush on u.s. forces in niger. making sense of how populism is affecting economic policy, and much more. >> yang: now back to the israeli raids on iranian targets in syria. why did israel act and is the middle east on the verge of a wider war? david makovsky is a former a journali is now the director of the project on the teddle east peace process at the washington instior near east policy. he's in tel aviv tonight. and mark perry is a contributing editor to the "american

conservative" magazine. he's the author of "talking to terrorists: why amerst engage with its enemies." gentlemen, thank you both for being here tonight. mark, let me start with you. we heard ithe taped piece just before this, the israelis were presenting this as a defensive measure. the prime minister says iran crossed a red line by establishing military infrastructure in syria. is that the way you see it? >>thot really. k this is a dangerous escalation. israel had 27f-16s in the air ov syria hting iranian military targets. mr. netanyah line but the iranians have been in syria for a reasoning time and have had relationship here. this is a dangerous escalation. it's hard to know where it will end. it's been quiet today bu there's no promise it will remain quiet into tomorrow. i think mr. netanyahu owes the world an explanation of what he's doing and where it will lead. >> yang: david, the view from

tel aviv. e you agree? >> no, that's not y it's seen over here and not just here. i think there have been condemnations from european leaders may, merkel and macron today against iran. israel has tried to stay out of the syrian civil war all these years, but as it ses assad winning the war, it sees the payoff assad giving to his iranian allies is to be fur ithr entrench syria in a way that israel fears wilpl relicate what happens in lebanon where over 100,000 hezbollah rockets perched on israel's border. it should be remembered damascus is 1,000 miles from tehran. so that's not exactly defensive in the eyes of the european leaders, the united states and certainly israel. israel says yove got to nip it in the bud early before iran entrenches itf further. >> yang: but, david, israel has been carrying out acions against iranian targets in syria p little bits andieces, but

last night they were out in front on this. they came out and said, yes, this is us, we did this, this what we hit. why the different response orat expln this time? >> well because what's different is that iranit israel and four were intercepted by the iron a lot of the rockets didn't make it that far. so iran is -- has moved it up a notch by going cross border over to israel. so israel now, the veil ofgh declub, now, i think is over and israel, for the first time, went public. >> and, mark, you say you seen this as escalation. why now? why is israel doing this now?a >> that'od question. you know, i think there's a lot of pointing fingers here which doesn't really help. iran is blaming israel and israel is blaming iran. but i think the facts on the ground havee remained stfast for 30 years. iran has been in syria for a long time, and hezbollah is

established well in southern lebanon. that's not going to change. so why the rocket atthtacks? ink -- and why the israeli intervention? and i think that israel saw ts as an opportunity in the wake of president trump's decision on the iran unrolling th iran nuclear deal. they saw this as an opportunity to make a point. they numeric would co their defense. they knew president trump would defend this. they knew they would blame iran. so this is a great opportunity for israel to make a point and make a point militarily. >> yang: david, what about the the point about the timing, the fact that this came so quickly on the heels of the president os the unittes pulling out of the iran nuclear deal? agreeok, i respectfully dis with mark, and it gets to the timing issue, too. it could be here that iran's response was waiting forhe j.c.p.o.a. announcement of trump. do i think the. is possi the israeli attacks on the

infrastructure have been for the last few months. there's been a shadow war. it's really only started ines ea i would argue, since september when iran has created new facilities. yes, mark is right that iran had a long-timeelationship with syria but what's new is they're creating facilities to upgrade rockets into missiles that can hit israel with high precincts. seere's now all the shia-backed proxies that iran is pouring in from afghanistan, pax. pakistan, they never used to be they want to set up a naval base and air base and they're now in five syrian bases. this is a new level, and we shoun realize here we'ree threshold of something new. i hope cool heads will prevail and maybe some sort ofed-line agreement will be reached. i might agree with mark you're not going to get every iranian out of syria but there should be certain understandin of what iran can do in syria. we don't need to se a

syria-lebanon stereo situation with rocts coming. this is a destabilizing move by iran and we should nip this thing in the bud, we and the united stes and the rest of europe and support and make sure that iran doesn't cross this line. >> yang: mark, regardle of which side is doing the destabilization, i think we can all agree that there is the potential and danger for escaladoon here. hoou avoid this? how do you avoid this coming a whiter war, a hotter war? >> it's gofig to be diflt to do but a danger of a wider war has always beenere and cooler heads have prevailed. this is a clear escalation today we've had kind of a walkback a little bit in the last 24 hours. a war with iran is not in israel's interest, and a war with israel is not inran's interest. what's interesting to me is the role that russia haplayed here. russia, mr. putin, cle

according to most recent reports, has told mr. netanyahu the prime minister of isrtael to hit syrian sites. so they're targeting iran. we are at theeginning of a new rules of the road in this conflict. it's not in anyone's interest to see it escalate and, hopefully, the calm in thet las hours will remain. >> yang: davidakovsky, the new rules of the road, will the calm remain? >> lk, i agree with mark tht no one should want to see an escalation here. i think it's clear what iran could do to avert that. to the extent the united states and russia they could actually work together on something, there is a commonality of interest, it seems to me, to erved.ertain red lines obs no iranian nisks syria. they want cooperation, fine but, don't transform iran's position on syria like you have in lebanon with over 100,000

rockets. you're in the early phases, nip it in the bud, at a certain point it will be too late. i hope the great powersill come together, create red line understandin so this does not ease schait because war is not in anybody's interest. >> yang: david makovsky d mark perry in tel aviv. thank you very much. >> yang: as we reported earlier, the pentagon released findings of its investigation into the terrorist ambush that killed four american soldiers last october in niger. the catalog of grave mistakes is long, and many questions remain. we should warn you that some of the images in this report are disturbing. foreign affairs and defense correspondent nick schifrin begins our report with what went wrong. >> schifrin: on october 4, 2017, american and nigerian soldiers imre returning from what commanders had claed would be a low-risk mission. this video is from americans helmet cameras, posted online as

isis propaganda. today the pentagon released animation of what became anam sh. two u.s. vehicles, in purple, drove south to escape isis fighters, in red, but a third u.s. vehicle got pinned down. that vehicle were staff sergeants bryan black, jeremiaho john and dustin wright. this is believed to be jerimiah' johnsohelmet cam. he takes cover behind the s.u.v. as they tried to drive to rmty. but they were outaed and overwhelmed three to one. bryan black was shot, and killed instantly. in what's believed to be dustin t wright's helmet cam, wriand johnson start running to escape through the woods, but they were both shot, and killed. by this point, the rest of the team was about 2000 feet away, with their nerian allies in green, firing at isis fightewh, threatened to overrun them. this is where la david johnson was trying to get insie his vehi drive away. but the firing was overwhelming, and johnson, in desperation, ran away. he ran for more than half a mile, by himself, until he took cover under a large tree.

e at's where he was killed. >> the direct ca the enemy attack in tongo tongo was that the enemy achieved tactical surprise there. >> schifrin: major general roger cloutier a the top u.s. commander in africa, gen. thomas waldhauser, said today the team had failed to train enough with their nigerian colleagues. >> if you get to aosition in an operation where you're under enemy contact, you need to be able to operate like clowork, without having to speak with because you know the drills. and in this particular case, the team did not conduct those basic soldier-level skills that are really necessary to go on an operation such as this. >> schifrin: the pentagon investigation also found the commanders, two captain mischaracterized the initial mission, claiming it was less dangerous than it really was. >> had the first mission been properly characterized, it would have been required to be approved at a higher level. any by being approved at ar level, it would have received more oversight from the chain of command. >> schifrin: this team is part of special operations command, which trains with and supports nigerian forces. today, general waldhauser

suggested the team's training and eqpment deficiencies, >> we have component commanders then who in their charge-- special command africa, in this particular instance-- it's hison rebility, his job to conduct, oversee various responsibilities all over the continent.co >> u.sanders say they have increased soldiers access to armored vehicles, become more restined in the missions they undertyke and emphasizing the goals should be sies and asist not conduct combat. i'm joined by sarah sewall, under secretary of state in the obama administration. she's now a distinguished scholar at john hopkins school of advanced international studies. sarah sewall, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. was this a tacal surprise or a misunderstanding of the threat environment? >> it was obviously tactical

surprise to the extent they weren't expecting the unit to be ambushed butt does suggest the reaction that we had never seen this large o a gro terroristso gathered,e 50 armed and in an organized ambush, suggest that the level ofd threat chan in a way that took people by a oader surprise. >> what does that say that it took them by a broader surprise? >> the rules of engagement possibly that the level of preparation, that the kind of guidance they had in their ability to plan and conduct operations was perhaps not attuned to an increased threat environment. >> so it sounds like that means that the problem wasn't only just that four u.s. soldiers and four nigerian soldiers died but there is a bigger problem at the core. >> it's always a tragedy when people die and we have to learn from their deaths which is clearly what they're seking to do with this report. t howeve larger question

really is whether or not you can put people in vulneble situations on the ground in the fight against ruthlessts terroreven if they're in a nominal supporting role and expect them not to do everything they can to defend themselves and their partner forces when they encounter the ene >> and effectively that means advise and assist does become a combat mission, right >> can become a combat mission. i think the obama administratioe beforeand the trump administration now both wish to keep the u.s. footprint small and wish to keep us in a supporting role not a responsible role. france is really taking the major power lead in partneringr with foces to defeat terrorists, but there is always a desire on the part of or service people to get the job done and there is always inhrent risken you have small units out and about facing uncertainty around thrner and that's why i think one of the great innovations is to insist each unit have its own drone so it has greater

awareness of the operating environment so it can avoid the kind of tactical suratprise it so tragically encountered. >> so that seems to reveal attention between what the mission is stted to be advise and assist and perhaps a military dese to defeat the enemy, right? >> well, the military is alwayso g to desire to defeat the enemy and part of what the is howis wrestling with do you put rules in place thatlp einforce the support function and the constraints on that. the broadst quen for the american people is do we understand when we ask americans to play a supporting rolee overseas in r on terror, do we understand the level of threat to which we may be exposing them if, in fact, the threat changes, which appears to be the case in this stance, an unexpected increase in enemy elpability, then we are li to experience losses and are likely to ne toapt, and that may be the broader lesson of what happened in niger. >> care care, thank you very much.

>> thank you for having me. >> yang: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: ovculture at risk: the consy surrounding the future of utah's bears ears national monument. a lo at the life of the kennedy with perhaps the greatest lasting impact: eunice kennedy shriver. and a brief but spectacular take on rethinking the workplace. during his presidential mpaign in 2016, president trump often spoke about changing trade policies, including revamping the north american free trade agreement and imposing tariffs ge imports. he argued these chwould protect american jobs and the economy ckthat populist message st chord with many voters. but why? our economics correspondent paul solman has a loopuat how growing ic discontent has turned into a major political force. it's part of his weeries,

making sense. >> we have reb they have taken so much money out of our country. >> reporter: if president trump has had one consistent message since the beginning of hisca aign, it's been that america is getting a raw deal in the global economy. >> our factories were shuttered. our steel mills close down, and our jobs were stolen away andd shipr away to other countries, some of which you have never even heard of. >> reporter: now, manufacturing jobs are ticking up, the president has imposed a host of tariffs, taxes, on imports and threatened more, and reworking nafta, the agreement that regulates trade with canada and mexi, is also on his economi agenda. >> we're going to get it opened up or we're not doing business with these other countries, right? >> reporter: it's playing wellth wihe president's base, as evidenced by a recent rally in michigan.br >> he's ought the awareness to

getting that trade back from china, and then we're going to ice undeniable results. >> reporter: the pchanges and the people who support them are all part of an ideology known as populism. >> populism is a group which stands forhe will of the people and which will clean up the elite. >> reporter: former chieft econom the international monetary fund and later the head of india's central bank, raghuram rajan, thinks the recent populist wave has anom ec basis, which, he says... >> reflects to some extent a frustration with the pace of economic growth over the last so many years. >> reporter: so slower growth than america had been used to. second, the economic gains, however modest, have not beenve feltnly across the country. >> the midwestern towns that are hurting clearly, those aren't necessarily benefiting from this growth. >> reporter: and those swing

state towns, long dependent on ies that have offshored and left them hanging, swung the election to trump. were the free trade policies of previous administrations to blame, as trump supporters believe? economt teresa ghilarducci says no. >> i don't think it was the fault of good intentioned, good hearted progressives. >> reporter: consider hothe big auto bailouts during the bush and obama administrations and their economic brain trusts helped the midwest. >> those regions would have fallen much further behind than they did. but paul, they s.ll fell behi >> reporter: and that falling hind exacerbated populis resentment, says economist deirdre mccloskey, against those of us who complacently benefited from the post-industrial economy. g uess we caused it because we didn't keep up enough populism banter on our own is >> reporter: you mean we didn't, we didn't.ay >>nough populist things. >> reporter: and the message constantly portrayed in the

media, that economic inequality was growing, made matters worse. or so mccloskey controversially claims. >> it's the politicioms and academics indeed and some a lot of journalists have emphasized it. have said "you poor people, yous inequalityncreased." which is dubiously true. >> reporter: so what you're saying is that when people like myself say look at twing inequality, the people who might otherwise have said "ing okay." >> "i'm doing okay, not to worry." >> reporr: certainly are now alerted to their lower status, is that right? >> exactly. >> reporter: and the resulting anxiety helped fuethe populist fire., weybe. but even if not, a recent o universitypennsylvania study concluded that "change in financial wellbeing had little impact on candidate preference"

and that instead, trump voters were moved by a loss in status, for two main reasons. the first is globalization-- that americans feel they're falling behind as other people, mainly the chinese, surge ahead. icand that has led many ams to a despair, as highlighted by the opioid crisis in so many of the pockets of populism. or so argues university of michigan economist lisa cook. i e lived in europe and i've lived in russia. and i think that i've seen thers of what populism can bring. >> reporter: including, says cook, the heavy drinking that followed the collapse and lossna of intonal status in the former soviet union. >> all of a sudden russia was exposed to these globaes. what happened?y life expectar men fell to rates that we saw in developing countries.y you could at the opioid crisis is the same kind of crisis. sort of placating the nervousness, the anxiety that

people have. ter: so opioids are the vodka of america? yes. >> reporter: a second cause of status anxiety, according to the university of pennsylvania study: "growing racial diversity," which undermines white americans' sense of primacy. that finding comes as little surprise to african-american economist darrick hamilton, who thinks it explains much of the trump campaign. >> if we're just going to be blunt, he was signaling to white americans that, "your relative position will be restored with my presidency. >> but going out and voting, this is your last chance, this is your last chance to make our country truly, truly, truly great again. >> so i'm coming in and i'm your last chance with this impending demogrhic change of all these non-whites that are going to change the relative proportion of america. >> reporter: the message-- that voters more to gain than lose-- resonated, says teresa

>> if a powerful white man says: i am on your side, why not take a chance? >> reporter: whatever the explanation, president donald trump, trying to restore america's place in the wor h econom now targeted chinese trade practices, china has promised to retaliate, and fears of an escalating trade war fill the air, stoked by president trump's recent tweet that, "when you're already $500 billion down, you can't lose!" of course, maneconomists say there's plenty to lose. but to the president's populist supporters feel they've lo t enough alreatake a chance. >> u-s-a! u-s-a! u-s-a! >> reporter: this is enomics correspondent paul solman, reporting for the pbs newshour.

>> yang:ow, the battle over who should control public lands that are rich with both rare artifacts and natural resources. jeffrey brown reports about the bears ears national monument in southern utah. it's part of his "culture at risk" series. we're in rocks that are almost 300 million years old here. >> brown: in the rugged and remote canyons of southern utah, there are many ways to count tio . >>at have you exposed here? >> brown: paleontologist randall irmis and his team are finding nes from a hundred million years before dinosaurs. >> this site is what we call a bone bed. h we foudreds of bones of many different individuals and different species. a brown: irmis is a professor at utah universitynd curator at its natural history museum. >> we barely scratched the surface, in terms of the paleontology out here. i would say less than 5% has been systematically prospected for sites.>> brown: researchers working

near here recently announced a spectacular fiing: triassic- period remains of a crocodile- like animal called phytosaurs. it's painstaking work, in ant area now cau in the shifting politics of our time. in the waning days o presidency, barack obama used ee antiquities act to cre the bears eame national mo-- 1.35 million acres, named for two buttes that tower over part of the landscape. that designation, whh in the past has led to the creation of national parks, set in motion a plan to put tighterestrictions on how the land could be used. no one disputes the awe- inspiring beauty of this area, but there's a great dispute over land use and federal oversight. in december, president trump removed 100 million acres, shrinking the monument by 85%, signing a proclamation in salt lake city.

bruce adams was there, cheering him on. adams is a retired school teacher and county commissioner here in the vast san juan county, an area larg than several states. a fifth generation rancher, his sense of time centers on his mormon pioneer ancestors who me here in 1879. >> i just think thoulocal people have a large input into t what the federal governm going to designate. we've taken care of the cultural resources, the other resources for generations. >> brown: much of the land here has long been overseen by the federal bureau of land management, the b.l. and adams and many here think that's more than enough. >> we want the land the access left open so that everybody has an equal opportunity to enjoy the public lands in san juan county.

>> brown: why is the monument so important? >> it was an actual recognition of native americans and their historand their importance. >> brown: shawn chapoose says he was americans to enjoy the land, too, with stronger protections. a leader of the ute tribe, chapoose also takes a long view of a land where tribal people have lived for centuries. he was part of a five coalition that led the effort to natablish the monument, which would be partly d by native americans. >> bears ears the headline, but the fight itself goes far beyond just monuments. it goes to the relationship of the united states government with federally recognized tribes and treaty rights which existed long before some of the states did. s brown: the monument is a flashpoint, you'ing, and the real issue is what? a broader land grab of federal lands and indian landsce

and raw reso >> brown: for potential development? >> oh, yeah. it's all about money. it's money-driven. >> brown: that's what many see in the bears ears disput the energy industry in this area, uranium mining, oil and gas drilling, has been a boomes and bust busin it's limited today, but an open question about future technology's ability to make extraction profitable. a "new york times" investigation of department of interior emails showed oil and gas exploration was a consideration in reducing the monument size. >> the demand of that type of resource, is not going away, and they're looking for new areas or new locations to do more development.t >> brown: buopponents of the monument le rancher bruce adams say fears of development are overblown. >> i haven't seen any oil and gas exploration out there in the last 30 or 40 years.

but you don't know what's out waere. there may be somto extract it. but i can tell you, the b.l.m. has enough protections on that poea that it would be very, very difficult, if not ible for the oil and gas industry to goe out thd start exploring for oil and gas today. >> brown: whatever might be underground, the archeological treasures above are indisputable. 00esident obama's proclamation cited more than 10cultural objects from at least 10,000 years of human history. >> the archeology of bears ears is some of the best preserved in the united states. >> brown: josh ewing, head of friends of cedar mesa, a group working to protect bear's ears cultural heritag took us to a huge rock panel of paintings going ba at least 7000 years, figures and animals from different periods. >> what you first see is a

bison, which is superimposed on top of a mammoth, which makes us think that this may be the oldest rock art in north america. >> brown: but this site along san juan river just outside thew town of bluf cut out of the monument by president trump's decree. >> i cannot for the life of me figure out the logic for what president trump left in and what he kicked out of the monument. we estimate 75% of the archeology of the original monument was cut out. >> brown: ewing's group is now building a visitor center to educate the growing numbers of people coming here. they've also joined in a lawsuit claiming president trump didn'tt ha authority to reduce the size of the monument, and that doing so puts culturals antiquitie risk. >> everybody agrees this land should be protected. this is universal. the real question comes down to who gets to make the decisionsro and how it'scted. >> brown: amid this legal limbo,

republican congressman john curt, who represents this area, has introducedislation to codify in law the reduced size of e monument, but argues he's added sufficient protections for the surrounding lands as well. >> the antiquities act is not the best tool to protect our land, the best tool is congress. congress moving forward on something is able to add meat to the bones, is able to add detail that an antiquities act could never do. if they're pinning thees on the lawsuits that means that we go a decade without anyde sion about what should be done with this land. that's not a good solution. >> brown: in the meantime, the area where paleontologist irmis and his team are working is no longer in the national monument. irmis, a state employee, did not want to comment directly on the monument. but sa this: >> whatever happens, i think it's really important to continue protecting and preserving the world-class paleontological resources that are out here, throughout this

area. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown inside, andf out,e bears ears national monument in southern utah. >> yang: they includ president, an attorney general and a senator. thstkennedys are one of the storied political families american history. judy woouff sat down recently with the author of a book about a lesser-knownut arguably no less influential kennedy sibling: eunice kenny shriver. >> woodruff: eileen mcnamara thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> woodruff: so thbook title is "eunice: the kennedy who changed the world" andnot just the title but in a early review, "kirkus reviews," they describe your book, "a convincing argument that eunice fnnedy shriver, the fifth nine kennedy children changeds

the world in w least as significant as her more famous relatives."h that's a hr. >> yeah, that's a pretty high bar. i think she hurdled it. >> woodruff: it was almost as if she was born with additional energy and additional drive. where did that come from? >> well it's interesting because she was born with all kinds of physical ailments and yet she powered through them. somebody else might have taken to their bed. but eunice took to the athletic fields. she took to her schoolbooks. she excelled at everything she did. uff: and you cite in the book a point when later in her life she was talking about growing up and what her parents said to her, and she said i was ld real power was not for me. what did that mean? >> it meant she was a kennedy k woman, notnedy man. and as bright as she was-- she graduated from stanford-- she was not given the opportunities in politics or in public life that were avaiheble to her br. they just simply didn't see her, because sh wwas a girl. druff: and that mainly was

her father? >> it was mainly her father. yeit was mainly-- she aske him-- she wrote a very plaintive letter to him in the '50 asking, "daddy you're spending so much time on everyone's reer, what about me?" >> woodruff: we use the term drce of nature; we throw that term around a lot cribe people with big personalities. and in this case in a family full of people with big personalities. at made her stand out? >> i think her drive. she says in a speech that she makes toward the end of her life, you mentioned, that real power is not for me. so they didn't give it to her, so she tk it. she hijacked the family's charitable foundation essentially to turn it to herte st which was helping children with intellectual disabilities. >> woodruff: but it was her drive that desire to do something to find justice for people who didn't have it and a lot of that emerged, it comesth ugh in the book, from the experience with her older sister rosemary.ma

>> well ro was born with mild intellectual disability. her schoolwork is on file at the kennedy library. so it looked like she achieved about a fourth grade level in school. she was presented at court as a she made her way okay through the rld until she became a young woman and then anger and apparent mtal illness compounded her intellectual disability. and her father made a misguided decision, but i think probably a well-intention one. he thought a prefrontal lobotomy, which was experimental, but some of the literature said promising, would cure her. >> woodruff: taking out some of. her br >> and it did not cure her. it left her incapacitated, unable to speak, unable to walk. >> woodruff: and how did eunice deal with that? >> i think that was the fuel that powered the engine that was eunice kennedy shriver. her sister was removed to an institution.

the children were forbidden to see her, because the father thought that it wouldn't be good for rosemary to be expo her very energetic and competitive siblings. so they erased her from their lives and eunice did it too. and i think there was some guilt that she was complicit in some way in letting rosemary languish far from home. >> woodruff: but sy went on to make up for that in a very big way. >> she did.'s and ronic when joseph cennedy lost his voice through a stroke in 1961, euound hers. she brought rosemary back to the heart of the family because joe was no longer able to . >> woodruff: and of course eunice went on to found special olympics, to do other work for people witdisabilities and was always pushing. >> she pushed all her life with her brothers because they re

the public face of the family. before jack even took the oathe of offe got a commitment for him that he would create a presidential panel on mental retardation, what we then called intellectual disabilities. pd she staffed it. she filled it wiple with every kind of expertise. and the last piece of legislation jack kennedy ever signed was legisladeon that woulnstitutionalize those children. >> woodruff: what do you think her legacy is? >> i think her legacy is enormous. the special olympics is a piece of it. but the national institute of child health and human development is named after eunice shriver now; it's because it didn't exist until she told jack the problems of children and pregnant women need the attention of the federal vernment. and not for the first or last time jack kennedy listened to esnice because he knew on she cared about she knew what

wrrked. >> woodruff: as yoe you know at length she kept pushing after that. i mean, after his presidency she tnt on and was active unt very end of her life a few years ago. >> woodruff: the very end of her life lowl weicker tells a wonderful story. sh.died in the summer of 20 and she called lowell weicker to her bedroom. >> woodruff: the former senator from connecticut. >> yes indeed. and harangued him, wt are we going to do about these amendments to the americans with disabilities act? who do we have in congress? who's new that i need get to know that we can push on these issues? right to the verend of her life she was working. >> woodruff: eileen mcnamara, thank you very much. >> thanks for having me. >> yang: finally, another installment of our weekly brief but spectacular series where we ask people about their passions.

tonight weear from patty mccord, who for 12 years was tfchief talent officer of x. she now coaches and advises companies and entrepreneurs on w buildikplace culture and the leadership to reinforce it. from abolishing perfewmance reto challenging the need for policies themselves. her latest book is called "powerful: building a cuure of freedom and responsibility." >> i used to say that thonly perk i wanted to have at netflix is showers, because you know how like, everybody says, "i had that great idea in the shower"? so, i wanted to just have like, a row of showers, if we got stuck, like, "everybody in the shower, don't come oil you get an idea." why do we do an nual performance review? is it to give people fdback because you think feedback would result in better performance? if that's the case, it's a really terrible proc so, if i went to the whiteboar and it was a blank ste and i said, "okay, okay, i got this idea, okay, here's what we're

going to do, we're goi to-- once a year, we're going to look back in a really arbitrary, obtuse language describe something that you may or may not have done many months in the past in order for you to correct that behavr in the future. and oh, by the way, we're going to call that 'performance' and we're going to rate and rank you and we're going to roll it up with goals and objectives. then we're going to put it in with our 6.5% merit increase budget with a bell curve owstribution and determine to pay you." and if i did that, literally everybody in the room would be like, "okay, there's patty's idea. anybody else?" i remember when we did the player for t laptop, and we tested five different versions of it. and one of the versions looked like the cockpit of the nuclear submarine, i'm like, "what the hell is that thing in the corner?" and like, "well, patty, that's your buffering speed.", and i'm l"okay, here's the ufal, i'm normal, not only do i not care what myring speed is, i don't want to know that buffering exists. i'm telling you, the w are going to be pause, forwards, and reverse." i n that one.

let's talk about culture-fit. who care here's how it really works in real life in most companies, hiedng managers say, "i o hire somebody who's going to be perfect. they're going to be articulate,o smart, quitheir feet, fun to be around, and really lissionate about their work. someone, well, jus me. and that's who they hire, and like hires, like hires, like his, like-- and it's just human nature to do that and you got to work against that. people used to ask me at netflix, like, "netflix onlyhi s a players, how do you do it?" i'd say, "there's an island only i know about and all the a players are there and i'm notll g you where it is." so, it's the problem that you have to solve and the person who's incredibly passionate about doing it and capable of doing it.up my sta.e.o.'s, they're so adorable, they're like, "how do i hire somebody like you to take care of the culture for me?"

and i'm like, "well, you don't, it's your job foreveet another window to be c.e.o. like, you own this,"" weay, i get it, i'll take ownership for it. so how do i do it?" i'm like, "you live it, live it." me you want to be efficient, then show up on if you want to have honest discourse with people, then be honest with people. teach people how to he right decisions, teach people hoto be bold, and how you teach them how to do it is you do it so they can see it. i'm patty mccord, and this is my brief but spectacular take on thinking work. >> yang: you can find more brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. on the newshour online right now, it's been morthan 12 years since nasa's "new horizons" probe left earth on an expedition to pluto. a new bo divulges the untold story of decades of planning, and we reveal five facts about the space mission that you might not have known.

that and more is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm john yang. join us online and again here tomorrow evening with david heooks and ruth marcus. for all of us atbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: it >> knowledge, where innovation begins. it's what leads us to discoveryo anvates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us tos. the answ s at leidos, we'nding behind those working to improve the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin!

>> kevin. >> advice for fefe. ell-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. >> and with the ongoing support of these instituons >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. not all courses can go online like this.>> hy not? it's, like, okay we have got to get involved. bull yipping, would that a red line?

>> welcome to the redwood forest. >> it's going to be 60 feet. making the grade, tuesdays on the pbs "newshour". captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.or

(people chattering) ♪ >> this is very delicious. (laughter) >> nigella: a table is more than a piece of furniture, than mere fuel.is more when i moved into my first home many years ago, before i did anything else, i bought a table. and not just to eat at, but to live around. chin-chin-- amici. >> cheers. >> same to you. m >> nigella: table, when i'm winding down at the end f a long day... >> nigella: they're ready for me, and i'm ready for them. ...celebrating friendship at weekend feasts, or making memories with family... the food i eat is vibrant and varied, but ways relaxed. old favorites... so far, so good.