captioning sponsored by newsho productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, we're on the ground in gaza as protests turn to funerals, the human toll of palestinians killed by israeli troops in one of the most violent days on the border in years. then, helping first generation students succeed-- how u.c.l.a. is mentoring students through the unique challenges of being the first in the family to attend college. and, the second part in our series focusing on the growing rate of depression on college campuses-- tight: students speak out about their own struggles in hopes of helping others. >> i thought everybody gets stressed out, and everybody freezes when they're stressed out. but i slept through an exam, and i didn't even feel like even

emailing the professor, because i felt so much shame. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbsn newshour has bovided by: >> knowledge, it's where novation begins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. k the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those working to improve the dworld's health, safety, efficiency. leidos.

>> kevin. kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjam.com. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. la,uage, like spanish, fren german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> and with the ongoing supporti of thetitutions: or this program was made possible by the coion for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: violence continued today following the opening

yesterday of the new u.s. embassy in jerusalemwith at least two palestinians killed by israeli gunfire. world reaction included protests in, and beyond, the musl world, ambassador expulsions, and staunch u.s. support of israel's actions. nick schifrin has our t report. >> schifrin: in gaza, today was for burying the dead. nearly 60 funerals in 24 hours, the deadliest day since the 2014 war. at shifa hospital in gaza city, the wounded overwhelm the small staff who's chronically short of beds and supplies. in ramallah, on the west bank, young men threw stones and molotov cocktails at israeli troops. (gunfire)ed israelis fear gas. palestinians call today the naqba, or "catastrophe," the date 70 years ago when hundreds of thousands of palestinians were expelled or fled thanr stral homes, on the day

israel was created. moustafa barghouti is a prominent palestinianan politi >> we are here to say that this raeli oppression will no break our will or our popular resistance. >> schifrin: meanwhile in jerusalem, the flags are flying above the new u.s. embassy. in jewish west jerusalem, residents splayed signs anking president trump. but from sou africa to turkey, protestors criticized what they called an israeli massacre of palestinians in gaza. turkey's prime minister called for muslim countries to unite against israel. >> ( translated ): im inviting all faith groups, all politicians to be a united heart against the tyranny. muslim countries should review their ties with israel. >> schifrin: today, turkey orexpelled israel's ambass, israel responded in kind, and israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu released a statement responding to criticism from turkis erdogan: "a man whose hands are drenched in the blood of countless kurdish civilians in turkey and syria is the last on

who each to us about military ethics."n, in lonritish foreign secretary boris johnson criticized both israel and the militant group hamas that runs gaza. >> i am deeply saddened by the loss of life in gaza whereer peaceful proteare being exploited by extremists. i urge israel to show restraint in the use of live fire. >> schifrin: but the u.s. stood firm. only hamas was to blamthe gaza violence, said u.s. ambassador to the u.n. nikki haley.or >>ome people, the embassy ncening is said to be a reason to engage in viole how is that justified? >> schifrin: instead of blaming the u.s. world should focus on iran, said israeli ambassador to the u.n. danny danon. >> iran is supporting those riots in gaza. we regret every casualty. we saw those pictures w regret that, but they are being used by the hamas. >> schifrin: but palestinian aiambassador riyad mansour palestinians are expressing genuine frustration, and asked for the world's help.

>> ( translated ): how many more palestinians have to die before you take actio >> schifrin: but there is no monemtum for that action. and the only communication between the two sides are in protests. r the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, the trump administration slapped new sanctions on the head of iran's central bank today. it said the bank's chief had funneled millions of dollars to ce militant group hezbollah. it's the latest mocking down on iran after president trump withdrew from the nuclear deal last week. as the sanctions were announced, iran's foreign minister told european officials in brussels that tehramust profit from the deal if it's going to remain. >> we are starting a process, a ess that needs to be ver intensive, and we don't have a lot of time.ee weto reach some sort of guarantee that these benefits can be guaranteed for iran. ig woodruff: the e.u.'s fo

policy chief said they'd left the meeting with a blueprint to continue efforts to save the nuclear deal. north korea has reportedly threatened to cancel n month's meeting with president trump, and suspended a summit with the south just hours before it was set to begin. north korean state medmed joint u.s.-south korean military exercises, saying thls were a provocation. a state departnt spokeswoman said she wasn't aware of any change in plans. >> we are operating under the idea and the notion that the president's meeting is going forwd with chairman kim next month. >> woodruff: the pentagon said that the joint drills with south korea, which began yesterday, back in this country, gina

haspel now has enough support to be confirmed as president trump's c.i.a. director. the senate intelligence committee's top democrat, mark wather, had raised concerns haspel's role in the c.i.a.'s harsh interrogation tactics after 9/11. today, warner said he'll vote yes after haspel wrote in a letter to him that the program should have never run.fa book shed new light on its efforts to remove fake or offensive material, the first time it's made such details blic. the social network said itde ted over 865 million posts in the first three months of 2018, mostly spam. it took down 583 million fake accounts in the same period. there was room for improvement when it came to flagging hate speech-- facebook only caught 38% of sucposts before users did. on wall street today, the dow jones industrial average lost

193 points to close at 24,706. the nasdaq fell 59 points. and the p 500 dropped 18. and, "new journalism's" pioneer tom wolfe died today at the age of 88. starting in the 1960's, his vivid writing captured american culture in groundbreaking nonfiction like "the electric vekool-aid acid test" and like "the bonfire of the vanities." we'll have more on wolfe's work and influence later in the show. still to come on the newshour: life inside gaza-- where harsh conditions have contributed to deadly protests. pairing first-generation college students with mentors who have been in their shoes, and much more.

>> woodruff: as we reported earlie it was a day of anger and recrimination in the middle east and beyd. in a few moments, nick schifrin will be back to speak with a former u.sambassador to israel but first, special correspondent jane ferguson reports fous again, from gaza. >> reporter: confrontations between palestinians and israeli security forces broke out on the west bank today, with stones protests also took place on thea border with israel, though they were smaller than mondays, when an eruption of anger in gaza led to desperate scen. crowds of young protesters trying to rush towards the border fence with israel, hundreds shot down and carried away. for weeks palestinians have been protesting for the right to leave this strip of land, and in the last two days tens of thousands have joined in. the israelis have been most concerned about the size of this

growing crowd and trying to persuade gazans not to show up r these mass protests today. they have been dropping leaflets that say, "what has hamas ever done for you, hamas is killing the people here" in an attempt t te to stop them being told to come to the prosts. it didn't work, with pe arriving in huge numbers to the edges of the palestinian territory. h cludinimad obaid. he was shot in bgs by , raeli snipers at these protests weeks agobut keeps coming back. limping slowly, and ain, hefo brought hi young children with him. the israelis are close, -- you are not afraid? >> ( translated ): we are not afraid of the israelis, because this is our right. we are ready to push forward. even with the pain of our wounds, even as people get killed, we are ready to sacrifice to free our lands and take back our rights. >> reporter: to him, that means

returning to their ancestral villages. the protesters want to go back to the homes their families lived in before the formation of the state of israel, a day marked today by palestinians as al nakba, arabic for "the catastrophe." israel says these protests are the sole work of hamas, the armed islamist group that runs za. hamas has encouraged the people to turn up for the protests. shops were shuttered as a strikt own city streets, and loudspeakers urged people to s attend. hamasists these are popular protests by the people. >> for the last few days, or weeks maybe, the palestinian issue has been taken from the tatable and put under the e, and the international community ot concentrating on iran, syria, north korea and rs. palestinians tay were able to raise their voice d to

remember to the world that we are still here, we a still suffering and we are struggling to obtain our rights and wneed a decent and digfied life. >> reporter: life in gaza is a painful struggle to get by. a ten-year blockade by israel and neighboring egypt has cut off the palestinian territory y om much of the world and brought its econ its knees. the siege was put in place in 2007 after hamas was took control of the ga strip. to the us and israel, the group is a terrorist organization. 2 million people are packed into this small strip of la one tenth the size of rhode island. permission to leave e, and unemployment stands at 40%. for the young generation protesting, few have any prospects of a job, orure where they can afford to raise a family. >> you cannot believe how difficult and complex life as we are now. all of the streets are full of trashes, full of garbage, all of the people they have no work, they have no employment. w

>> reportevisited imad from the protest in his home. he and his family have fallen on very tough times before the 2014 war he a taxi, but his car and apartment were destroyed in the israeli air rikes. so they moved into this cinder block shack. it has no running water, and they cook on an open fire, unableo afford gas. he did causal work on ilding sites to pay the rent, but hasn't bn able to work since he got shot. the family survive on handuts d the small vegetable patch in their back yard. most gazans cannot afford a generator during the lengthy power cuts here. when people run out of electricity here, they only have three hours a day, they can either buy a btery to operate ghts, or they just go outside and light fires. this life has given emad, like many gazans, a sense of having t littloose. why do you go?

>> ( translated ): although it is dangerous and they use ammunition and gas, if the palestinian nation does not go to fight for its rights then who will do it for u we are walking into death, but we are not afraid. i have even when the israeli soldier shoots me, he is afraid of me. soldier knows this is my right.ep >>ter: over 2,000 people protests, most, like imad, haves beenhot in the leg. at a field hospital nearby, the conditions were those of a war zone. some who had been shot were pafully young. medicaworkers raced to the demonstrations to collect the injured. we're heading out with the ambulances now. they have been back and forth from the field hospitals to the fronnear the fence. and now they're going backreo pick up mo people who've been shot. when we arrived close to the

border fence, carried rds us on a stretcher, another protestor, another gunshot wound in the leg. back at the field hospital, some of tnjured shook with convulsions- a side-effect of the tear gas fired by israeli soldiers. others lay in pain, quietly hoping they will walk again. gans have vowed to continu the protests despite the deadly consequences. with the peace process in the middle east a mere memory at, this stathese bloody images will keep coming. for the pbs newshour, i'm jane ferguson, in gaza. schifrin: with me now is daniel shapiro, who served as u.s. ambassador to israel under president obama, from 2011 to 2017. very much for being on the newshour. we heard from u.s. officials today and yesterday really blaming hamas and only hamas for the violence inside of gaza. but as we heard from jane

rguson's story right now, isn't is there genuine frustration at israeli actions insideaza and conditions inside gaza as well? >> well, there's no question conditions inside gaza areif ho, and people there are really suffering in a very genuine way. i have to say, i think the lion's share of the responsibility for this immediate crisis does fall on hamas' shoulders they are a terrorist organization, and they have intentionally embedid themselvesin a civilian population of these instances, in which there ar both violent acts aimed at the fence, things being lobbed and shot over the fence, and unarmed protesters, all in one, large, chaotic area. hamas hus sqandered a lot of resources over the years on building rockets to attack israel with, wich isrl can now counter with missile defense systems. they've spent a lot of money on digging tunnels to attack israe under rder. israel now has technology to detect and destroy those tunnels. all they really have left to try

to assert their relevance and try to push back against thosehu nitarian conditions is throw their own people into harm's way in this veryicatic tuation where there are violent and nonviolent events happening at the same time. >> should israel and the international community try to do its best to allevte the humanitarian concerns inside gaza as a way to reduce that siolence? the humanitariauation in gaza does need to be addressed. i would say in the first instance, the united states and egypt should work together on an initiative to get the current olence to de-escalate by getting hamas to put some more controls in, and these protests and these violent events at the fence, and get israel to try tow stand its rules of engagement. and then to work with theco internationaunity to fund a significant humanitarianasty to bring in the humanitarian aid, the consumer goods, and the infrastructure repair to gaza's very badlyag dam water and power infrastructure, which is part of what's making peoe in gaza feel like they are so

desperate. >> we saw this scene of dissonance yesterday-- and i'll show viewers the split screen-- at the same time we saw this violence in gawa, we also sa the opening in jerusalem. you have been in favorf o the embassy opening in jerusalem, but doesn't thembassy opening contribute to some of the tension, contribute to some of the violence? >> it was certainly jarring to watch those scenes juxtaposed against one another. i do think it's appropriate that the emssy be in jerusalem. jerusalem has always been israel's capital, and theem ssy is housed in west jerusalem which is not controversial. israel will alwaycomaintain rol of that territory, even in a two-state solution. i think th administration made two very important mistakes, however. one was in announcing are the as the capital and its intention t, move the embahey did not frame that decision in the stronger context of our strategic objective, which is not whre te embassy sits. it's a two-state solution. it's a situation where pastinians can also achieve their aspirations for a capital

in east jerusaem. it wouldve to be negotiated. the precise borders are not knowable yet. but to make clear these are seen ss part of a package would have made it eaier for the palestinians too absorb a decision they didn't care for. the other mistake they made is the date. may 14 is the annfiversary israel's founding, and president truman recognized patro israel. and it is al naqba, the day they lost everything because of the nestablishment of israel their displacement from their land today or tomorrow is the beginning of ramadan. so this event at the embassy yesterday could easily have been scheduled two weeks ago or two wes from now, an separated from some of the most emotional days on the palestinian calendar. on>> ambassador, you men the strategic situation. i wanted to zoom out quickly just a little bit more. does the embsy opening, does the violence in gaza, the deaths, does that challenge the alliance that's building bet israel and saudi arabia, and the

sunni states? and does i also fray the u.s.-european alliance. europeans came out against this embassy move. >> there are a lot of things fraying the u.s.-european enliance. prestrump's withdrawal from the iran nuclear dealer, first and foremost, a number ofr e disputes. now the sense that european views, let's say, on how to dress israeli-palestini matters are being not taken into account. so there are many things causing those tensions. as for the sunni states like saudi arabia and the united arab emirates, they have made clearc while thee about the palestinians, it's not the highest issue on their priority. the highest issue on their priority is iran and other extremist organizations-- isis and al qaeda-- and they view israel as a strategic partner against those enemiesseec israel also faces them. and they are part a united states-led camp that can make common cause on those common security challenges.

unfortunately, when the palestinian issue descends into violence and ch and despair and doesn't look like there's any pathwato achoaf that two-stay solution-- which is the only possible resolution to the conflict-- it makes it much harder for israel and those arab states to make common cause, to bring their quiet security cooperation out into the open and do the kind of nor that would really benefit dverybody-- israelis, arabs, an palestinians. >> daniel shapiro, former u.s. ambassador to israel, thank you very much. >> thank you. oodruff: now, we continu our special series on "rethinking college," and tonight focus on so-called first generation college goers. this year, 45% of freshman i the university of california system are the first in their

family to seek a four year degree. hari sreenivasan visits ucla to see how mpuses are responding to the challenge. it's part of our weekly series, making the grade. >> i am a first geration scholar, i was born and raised on the south side of chicago. >> sreenivasan: professor rrie frasure-yokley says her path to becoming the first tenured woman of color at u.c.l.a.'s political science departmentas shaped who she is. >> i'm a product of my mom, a high school education and my dad, an eighth grade education. >> sreenivasan: and that's important to these students, who are themselves the fn ineir families to go to college. fraser-yokley is tpart in a new initiative from california's u.c. system that uses first generation faculty to guide first generation students. >> i'm teaching this class today because i want you guys to be okay with being the first. i want to be able to validate your concerns, your fears, your ations with being a firs generation, because i've been there. >> sreenivasan: last fall,

university administrators asked 900 first generation faculty and staff, like fraser-yokley, to ascome mentors. the goal is to decdropout rates. nationally, on 40% percent of rst generation college students make it to graduation. want our first generatio students to thrive, we want them to feel like they belong here, and that ty're going to be here for four years through graduation. >> sreenivasan: university of califoia president, janet napolitano. >> admissions are one thing, enrollment is one thin but graduation is the thing. >> sreenivasan: but to succe at a prestigious school like u.c.l.a., many first-generation students feel something called the imposter syndrome. >> one of the definitions of imposter syndrome is students who worked really hard to get into campus, but they still are carrying with them like a sense that they don't truly belong, that at any moment someone ise going to cd tap them on their shoulder and say, you know what, we made a mistake. for first generation scholars who are carrying around with them imposter syndrome, you are

not allowing yourself to thrive in some of the same ways that students who are not first generation. i deserve to have someone sort of sit down with me during their officeours and i can ask questions, right, one on one, i deserve that opportunity." >> sreenivasan: u.c.l.a. senior violet salazar knows whatpo er syndrome feels like. salazar helped create an entireo dorm dedicated to incoming first generation students, after her own freshman experfince proved dlt. a it was kind of hard to get to know people when yays felt like you were, i guess, lesser than them. >> sreenivasan: because you're the first? >> bause i'm first gen, because i am latina, and also just coming from a very low socio-economic background. >> sreenivasan: on the day wete visi the first generation dorm hosted a meetg led by student clara nguyen, enfirst gen stherself, who also works with u.c.l.a.'s mental health resources. h do you practice resilience as a first generation student?re

>> it' easy to get caught up in your failures in college. so it's really important to be resilient, to keep in mi o that, ity, and you can like recover. >> right, and thoughts are the way you think about things, k like, "oh man, i thm going to be bad on this test." if i start getting nervous, like almy heart starts beating fast. or i start sweating, that's kind of a physical symptom and then that might affect how i behave. >> can you give me an example of that? >> i start sweating a lot, like my hands get so sweaty i can't hold the pencil, and then i actually start forgeg, like i studied this, like what's going on, then i forget things and then i actual fail. >> one of the techniques we used to combat that cycle icalled mindfulness. trying to hone into the thoughts you have and trying to control the environmi t around you. nted her to notice physical

symptomsswlike the hands ting, to kind of manage your thoughts better, and say hey, you know, i'm not unprepared for this test, i he the skills to it, then maybe she can try to tell her body to caldown, and then those things will start coming back to her brain. >> sreenivasan: many first generation students, are also balancing the guilt of not contributing to their family's income when they're away at school. >> you might have a financial struggle, so you shod go to work, or you have siblings you need to take care of. those things are hard to let go of when you get here.iv >> srean: and for some, there is the added stress of immigration status. freshman jaquelin tafolla, who is a u.s. citizen, worries that in the current political climate, friends from her homey communuld be suddenly deported. >> there are millions of families that are struggling, whether it's having that scary moment where you never know if

your family member is going to get deported, or you never know, there can be a moment in your life where one day you're happy with your family, sitting atne dinner, and th day your mom, dad, brother, your sister, you find out they're getting deported.ve so it' scary. >> sreenivasan: university administrators hope their new focus on mentoring f ration students will hel both students and their families succeed.ha >> we knowour first gen students within just a few yeart of grag are making more than their entire families did we also know that they're tremendous contributors to the state of california, to the economy of california. it's what higher edution is there for, particularly public higher education, to open ose doors of opportunity, and to really give meaning to thed clichérase the american dream. >> sreenivasan: in los angeles, i'm hari sreenivasan for the pbs newshour.

>> a variety of students are applicanting symptoms of depression and anxiety, and worse, hopelessness. n st night we looked at this concerning situat the first of a two-pt series around national mental health month. jeffrey brown talks to three young people at the massachusetts institute of technology about their participation in the "portraits of resilience" project. , i'm emily tang, i'm finishing my junior year nm studying electrical engineering, and computer scien with a minor in linguistics. >> my name is victor morales, and i graduated in 2014, i studied mathematics, i'm looking foa job now as a teacher. >> my name is haley cope, i'm a

senior here at m.i.t., in women and gender studies. >> brown: ey are three high- achieving students at one of the world's most prestigious universities. they've also suffered crippling depression, and been through years of therapy and medication. for ley, who grew up in rura pennsylvania, the problems started well before college. >> i thought it was kind of a normal thing, oh, doesn't every middle schooler try to harm themself, no they don't, and so definitely middle school. high school was a very turbulent time, both in my family life, and with the stress of applying to colleges. trying to make myself perfect for that. for coming in to m.i.t., my drm school. >> brown: make yourself perfect? >> yes, sir it is. it's not something i can do alone, it's not something achievable by the time i got to

m.i.t. i failed every single class my freshman fall, and had a problem with alcohol, and then by my freshman spring was when i realized, after a classmate of mine in my dormitory committed suicide, i realized ly should be getting help again. >> brown: haley sought counseng on campus. and later, when she herself became suicidal, she spent time at mclean hospital, a psychiatric facility outside boston. emily, too, points tearly pressures growing up in plano, texas, including expectations within her family, and stressful relationships with peers. >> i got through it, i kept going. once i got to college,t so tired, so out of it all the time, the depression really hit me hard again, and this time it was sort of worse than ever, because i, it was really easy for me to just sort of slip through the cracks, for me to op going to class, stop functioning, stop living my daily life. and that was when i went on

leave from school. >> brown: victor says he always felt like an outsider, as an immigrant from mexico who was raised in merced, california, and as someone who came to see himself as bisexual. by his sophomore yea.i.t., he experienced debilitating anxiety but says he didn't understand it was a form of mental illness. s i just blamed myself. >> brown: what did you think was going on? >> i thought everybos stressed out, and everybody freezes when they're stressed out. but i slept through an exam, anl i didn't even ike even emailing the professor, because i felt so much shame.st i ad so much anxiety built up, i had this feeling like i didn't belong at m.i.t. >> brown: you mean, as in you're an imposter here? >> yeah i'm not smart enough to be here. anerit wasn't until months a i graduated that i realized, you know, i was starting to go through the symptoms of mental illnesses, and depression, and i

realized i think i have depression. >> brown: did opening up to your family help, or hurt, or what was that experience like? >> at first it was hurtful. i come from a, this nd of stereotypical mexican family, and depression in our community is like an evil spirit. >> brown: what happened when you told your fami? >> i come from an asian-american household, obviously, and in china mental health care is not a thing. it's sort of like you don't talk about it, you just g through it, it doesn't exist, it was really a struggle, i think, topa really get mnts to understand what i was going through. >> brown: haley, what about coming here, the pressure cooker of coming to a place where everybody is a high achiever. oh, absolutely not to discount the, i don't know,ap peutilitarian framework of m.i.t., that kind of puts people's value based on how manp hours you can d in lab, or

how well you do in your classes. >> brown: you feel tt? >> you do. >> brown: and you did get to a point, at times, where you thought of taking your life? >> yes, sir, it got the worse at the end of my fresstan spring se, and i was hospitalized for that. >> brown: did either of you ever get to that point? >> yes. >> yeah. i didn't want to live life without the flavor, wnu know? >> bfor emily, things came to a head at home during her leave from m.i.t. >> i'd applied threeimes to return before i finally got accepted to return, and you know, they were sort of like why aren't you doing this, why aren't you doing this, why aren't you emailing this person, why aren't you tryider, and i just walked out of the house, i can't do this anymore, and i walked out of the house, like a body of water in the neighborhood, and i kind of walked to the edge of it, and i was just kind of sitting there, and i was thinking about killi myself, and i saw my parent's car driving by, they were driving around the neighrhood looking for me, and then after a couple hours, you know, a friend talked me down. and the next day wtalked about it, and my dad kind of hit the point, he was like, you know, ik really tmily does care about this, it is her future,

after all. i think that was kind of the turning point. >> brown: that goes to a larger theme in the "portraits of resilience" project: in addition to therapy and medication, these students found critical support from friends and loved ones. >> i actually got really lucky in that respect. i was in a living group called it's really small, really tight knit, and two upperclassmen had been through really similar expertences. i f had their experiences to guide me. i had friends to walk me to mypo tments. >> through my depression i built up kind of like a collection of techniques, like how do i overcome anxiety? what do i do if i feelty? sometimes i uld call a friend to get me out of bed. anyone, even peoplwho are not at a campus, parents espially, can kind of do something about this, just by talking about it >> brown: all three are now eager to share what they've

learned about themselves, in the hope of helping others. >> i don't determine my beauty, my smartness, my successbased on other people anymore.an that was one of those things that i deconstructed, and after that it felt so natural to tell my story. these weaknesses that i used to think were weaknesses, are now strengths of mine. >> in my community, i had these kind of conversation with people that went something along the lines of, if you're going to mental health and counseling, make sure that you don't say anything about suicide, because they're going to commit you, and then you're going to be forced to leave m.i.t., and you're never going to come back. and so, i really wanted to address that kind of stigma, it's like saying don't go to the icctor after your heart attack, m.i.t. is going toyou out. >> i started an antidepressant that i think is working, finally. you know, it's a process. i, you know, i tink i get a little better at learning how to rivigate my resources, and how to get through thes with minimal damage, and minimal impact on my life.

>> brown: victor, what are your plans for the future? >> tre's so much i want to d i want to go back to grad school, i care a lot about people from latin erica. but i also want to learn more in math. so, i'm kind of like which direction do i go? we'll see what ends up falling into place. >> i'm the president of dorm, and i have been for the last year, and i'm going to do it for tother year i will openly talk about what i'm goiough, i will tell people about the resources available, and i will offer myself. >> brown: haley has a coding job when she graduates. and, there's a happy, new twist to her story-- " her essay for" poheraits of resilience" wrote of "a new friend." >> in the story i talk about meeting a friend in the psychiatric hospital. that friend became my best friend, who became my boyfriend, who became my fiancé, and in october will be my husband. making that journey together has been great and difficult and a process of grace and growth.

>> brown: emily tang, victor morales, haley cope, thank you all very much. >> thank you. an associate professor ofps hiatry at georgetown university medical center. welcome to you. >> thank you.e >> brown: we heen watching an attempt to put a public face on this problem.th how much doe stigma remain and how much are young people more willing to come forward and talk about it. >> i think there's always goings to be atigma associated with with mental illness. it's just a part of what itan for people who struggle with these illnesses. i think what i've noticed in recent years, fivto 10 years, is that millennials and the young people coming right behind them are far more likely and willing to talk about these dnissues. i wo say that it has completely eradicated thet stigma, bsolutely young people who are in college and right behind them, high schoolers are far more likely to share these are the thsi they're struggling with. >> brown: how much do experts like you this seeming rise in anxiety and

depression and suicide? why is that happening? >> one factor is that when you look at t young people we saw, you see rahcial diversity, wh i think is amazing and wonderful. because these illness are so lch more stigma tiessed in communities of color. i do think people are more awart of wome of these issues are. they're aware of signs and symptoms. and what we find is for african americans and other communities of color, people feel tha they're exponentially stigmatized in addition to race, gender, sexual orientation or swullity, by having a label or being diagnosed way mental illness. en heard one young man say the latino brother, we talked about seeing these things and thinking it was normal arct some point during his clege career someone enlightened him said these are signs andomymof depression and anxiety and a light bulb was able to go off for him. >him. >> brown: is it the genetics or soal behavior? we heard some references to

social media playing a new role. >> absolutely. there are also alzheimer's going to be hereditary and chemical and biological factors but i think what has chnged some are some young people. some people talked about preparing yourself. so you're always looking at report cards frofferent aspects of... and i think it can have aga ve impact on our young people. >> brown: how prepared orar unpr are schools today? >> i think for college collegesd universities the they don't always have the wand width and the capacity to accommodate the volume of students coming forward, much more so now than 20 years ago when i was in school.at i think olleges and universities are trying to do is find extenders, find other ways to provide support foung people so that everything is not funneling just through the counseling center. and there are many opportunities that i think colleges andun ersities have found to do that, whether it's connecting with community bhobz can alsoid pr care, connecting with

different kinds of apps or other ectronic types of things to help our young people develop coping skills. so it's not necessari, full car se. but it is providing a stopgap measure so in between visits or until a young person can get a visit wita person in the counseling center, they have other ways that they can support themselves glbz so what kind of treatment is available to young people now? >> so what i always tell youngn people wtreat them is that there's the fast way, the slow way, and the best way. and i think when we think about fast ways, medications, psychotropic medications are absolutely an opti for peoe. i think along with that, it's important to think about the kinds of talk therapy that are available to pople. d i always say that the best way is to try to do a combination of both to extent that a young person and their families feel comfortable with psychiatric medication. so for talk therapy, we're thinng about things like cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, teaching coping skills, and support groups. d we know what some of the

different kinds of antianxieties an aantidepressants are the available to young people. >> brown: so finally, what's the most important thing you want young people to know who perhaps are starting toex rience anxiety and depression, and their parents? pat should they know? >> i think frents and young people, they should absolutely know that they are not alone, that mental illness does not discriminate. it can impact anye, and th there are people right around us,aur loved ones, family members, communitembers, church members, other peers at school, who are struggling with thes'sissues. so ieally important for them to know they're not alone, there's help. and i tell youngople all the time two thiks-- take diets and breaks from social media. >> sreenivasanitake dets from social media. >> that's right. and reach oit for help to people you feel lke you can trust. >> brown: all right, thank you very much. >> thank you very much.

>> woodruff: finally tonight, remembering the american writer tom wolfe, who died today. wolfe first broke through to a wider audience in the early sixties as one of the seminal voices behind so-called "new journalism"-- a form of non- fiction writing that used fictional literary styles and was distctively different in technique. his magazine pieces for led to non-fiction books that put american subcultures under croscope, often with a w and biting tone. "the electric kool-aid acid test" zeroed in on theun rculture and experimenting "the painted word" targeted the world of art.of and onis best-regarded books, "the right stuff," which was later made into a movie, showcased the heroism of the first american astronauts. wolfe later turned to writing novels.

his biggest hit, "the bonfire of the vanities," was a lacerating ewtire of money, power and york life in the '80s. he spoke with the newshour's elizabeth farnsworth in 1998 about how he tried to bring his reporter's eye to his fiction.s >> reportingsolutely essential to the novel, now more than it ever was. >> reporter: why? >> it's because the novel is not going to be able to compete with television, with movies, with other forms of stories unless it exploits to the full what only print can do and what only-- in this case, what only the novel can do. and that is to bring people inside of these amazing worlds that exist in thunited states today. >> wodruff

>> woodruff: some thoughts about wolfe and his work from a writer he influenced: susan orlean is a journalist, author, and staff writer for the "new yorker." she's the author of eight books, including the best-seller, "the orchid thief." susan orlean, it's a pleasure to have you with us what was it about tom wolfe? what was it about him that influenced you? n i read "the electric kool-aid acid test" whewas in high school, and as much as i was a big reader at the time, this war trantional. there was a voice, a confidence, a tone that i had never encountered before, particularly in nonfiction. i carried ou carryied tndat booh me for years. >> and really do think it's what made me want to be anfiction writer. there was just a spirit in his writing that had never-- i had never encounted before. it was like hearing jazz for the first time. >> woodruff: well, it's

interesting, he just saiif that interview with elizabeth farnzworth, he men american life. he was uniquely american, wasn't he? zinges, and he took the ama mosaic of american subcultures as his subject, everything from the merry prganksters travel on their bus, taking l.s.d. every five minutes, to the upper east side, very affluent and indulged denizens of that neighborhood. and he looked at them all i a somewhat equal way. these were tribes that he wanted to analyze and understand. >> woodruff: of course, there was so much praise for his work a.at times his critics say he wt too far, was not seghsitive eno race and other things.

did he go too far sometimes? >> he ha-- he was pretty unburdened by th propriety of what he said. i think his feelingas that everything was fair game. could beaisely misinterpreted, which is an issue for a writer. do you have some responsibility for the way youour words be perceived. d i think he felt at his responsibility ended at the page, and if peoplread it wrong, it was really their problem.re >> woodruff: wo you think that all came from? he was southern. he was born and raised in any sense of what made him the writer he was? i> he was a serious student of literature, and i it's really important to realize that he had these two very basic bu

serious underpinnings to his work-- namely, a really seriousa undeing of literature, and a deep regard for andalented for reporting. his books only succeeded because the reporting was so good. he seemedto take a sort of anthropologist' delight in analyzing subcultures, figuring out how power flowed within them, how people made their way out of them and what impact it had for these little groups toa bump up aginst people who were not inside the tribe i think he really was at heart an antooopologist. >>uff: it sounds like, susan orlean, you're saying his nonfiction more impntorhan his fiction? >> no, not necessarily. i think his fiction, when he hit it right, was brilliant. and i don't think the world is

the same after "the bonfire of the vanities." quite honestly. for him, i think ficti was merely an extension of the nonfiction, where hth tooe kind of reporting that his nonfiction had and simply created an ideal narrave in which to tell that reporting. and he said often that his novels were very dependent on fact and o observation and on the real world, and that that'se what thy were meant to do, to explain the real world tos through a fictional narrative. i think tht his nonfiction and his fiction were very closelyte re just one had a narrative drawn from real life and the oth had a narrative that he created. >> woodruff: last thing, he was also personally distinctive. he dressed in whte all the

time. i read that he always wore the vest, the whiteo sh. what was that all about? >> well, i think he liked-- as he once said, he didn't think he could blend in, so he decided he might as well really stand out. he was a real ndy. i think he had a southern gentleman's enjoyment of being fully turned out every day, and perfect contrast to an eran which, starting in the 60, the idea of dressing for reporters, to dress well, was unheard of. i mean, people came to work in t-shirts and berken socks, and and there was tom wolfe. i think he enjoyed playing on our expectations of convention, and just as we expected, the ink-stained wretch in the newsroom to look a certain way, he looked exactly the opposite., refi elegant, and completely

out of no particular era. he was a sort of timeless figure with that-- withis get-up. >> woodruff: remembering tom wolf writer and author susan orlean. thank you so much. >> my pleasure. >> woodruff: later this month, starbucks will close its mor than 8,000 coffee shops for an afternoon of anti-bias training. the aim is to prevent its talking about race and implicit tonight, writer ijomo aluo, shares her humble opinion on why that talk can be fraught, even with one's own mother.

>> here' >> here's the thing about my mom: my mom, who is white, is the kindest, most generous nown.n i've ever but she's also exhausting. she's a bundle of whim emotion, and she doesn't always think before she speaks. so when she left me a voicemail saying that she'd had an epiphany about race, and i should call her back right away, i really, really, really did not want to do that. don't get me wrong, i think i talk about race every day, as an activist and educator.e and whhad noticed that my work on race had started to build some awkward distancemy betweeom and me, i still didn't want to talk about race with her. i mean, she'my mom. it's personal and awkward, like talking to your moabout sex. turns out i didn't need to worry about whether to call heback because, like many moms, she immediately called me back, an

kept calling until i answered the phone. the conversation was as bad as i'd feared, maybe worse. she'd made a joke at work that had to do with race, not a racist joke, but one that was more, a joke for the black community, and a black colleag had challenged her: "what do you know about being black?" well. my mom was pretty int at first." he doesn't know me! he doesn't know raised three black kids!" i was cringing as she said this to me. had she not read my work? and then came her epiphany: she realized that her coworker must face so much racism as a black man that he couldn't tell who the "good" white people were and that if she were in his shoes, she'd probably be angry all the time too. that was it. she had decided that the next day, she was gng to march over to her coworker and explain that

she had raised three black kids, so she got it. i literally shouted "nooooo" like people do in action movies whenhey try to stop their friends from getting into the car that is rigged with explosives. then i took a deep breath. i tried to explainhat being a white woman who loves black people, who has even giv birth to black people, is still very different from living as a bla person and experiencing the full force of ahite supremacist she asked if she at let got black credit for doing my hair for all of those years. i said no. nd was a long conversation oh, was it painful. but it opened up a new way of seeing each other. so as awful as it was, i'm glad the conversation happened. but it is in our conversations about race and racism that we find understanding, empathy, and opportunities to make real i chanour day to day lives. start talking. more importantly, start

listening. it is not always pleasant to talk about race. in fact, it almost never is. but it is worth it. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbsws neur has been provided by: ri the ford foundation. working with visio on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new

york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and ofe advancement nternational peace and curity. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these instituons and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station fromiewers like you. thank you. ptioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

tukufu: we're the history detectives, and we're going to invtigate some untold stories from america's past. elyse: this week, could this mysterious metal craft be the secret weapon the confederatehoped would win the civil war? tis: is this nave american pipe evidence of a dramatic standoff between the famous kota leader red cloud tis: is this nave american pipe evidence of a dramatic standoff and the u.s. government? gwen: and does this seemingly reveal one of the legendary inventor thomas edison's greatest failures? ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded ♪ause he's got no heart