captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc oo >> wuff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, we're on the ground in ga as protests turn to funerals, the human toll of palestinians killed by israeli troops in one of the most violent days on the border in years. then, helping first generation students succeed-- how u.c.l.a. is mentoring students through the unique challenges of being the first in the family to attend college. and, the second part in our series focusing on the growing rate of depression on college campuses-- tonight: stents speak out about their own struggles in hopes of helping others. >> i thought everybody gets stressed out, and everybody freezes when they're stressed out. but i slept through an exam, and i didn't even feel like even

emailing the professor, because i felt so much shame. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. f >> majording for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's where innovation bins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those working to improve the world's heth, safety, and efficiency. leidos.

>> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> babbe a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. language, likepanish, french, rman, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. s: and with the ongoing support of these instituti >> this program was made le by the corporation fo public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank u. >> woodruff: violence continued today following the opening

yesterday of the new u.s. embassy in jerusalem, with at least two palestinians killed by israeli gunfire. world reaction included protests in, and beyond, the muslim world, ambassador expulsions, and staunch u.s. support of israel's actions. nick schrin has our first report. >> schifrin: in gaza, today was for burying the dead. nearly 60 funerals in 24ours, the deadliest day since the 2014 war. at shifa hospital in gaza city, the wounded overwhelm the small staff who's chronically short of beds and supplies. in ramallah, on the west bank, young men threw stones and molotov cocktails at israe troops. (gunfire) israelis fired tear ga palestinians call today the naqba, or "catastrophe," theye date 7s ago when hundreds of thousands of palestinians were expelled or fled theirme ancestral on the day

israel was created. moustafa barghouti is a prominent palestinian politician. >> we are here to say that this israeli oppression will not break our will or our popular resistance. >> schifrin: meanwhile in jerusalem, the flags are flying above the new u.s. embassy. in jewh west jerusalem, residents displayed signs thanking president trump. but from south africa to turkey, prot criticized what they called an israeli massacre of palestinians in gaza. turkey's prime minister called for muslim countries to unite againsisrael. >> ( translated ): i am inviting all faith groups, all politicians to be a united heart against the tyranny. muslim countries should review their ties with israel. >> schifrin: today, turkey expelled iael's ambassador, israel responded in kind, and israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu released a statement responding to criticism from turkish president jecep tayyip erdogan: "a man whose hands are drenched in the blood of countless kurdish civilians in usrkey and syria is the last one

who can preach tbout orlitary ethics." in london, britishgn secretary boris johnson criticized both israel and the militant group hamas that runs gaza. >> i am deeply saddened by the loss of life in gaza where peaceful protesters are beingxt exploited bymists. i urge israel to show restraint in the use of live fire. >> schifrin: but the u.s. stood firm. only ham gaza violence, said u.s. ambassador to the u.n. nikki haley.le >> for some pethe embassy opening is said to be a reason to engage in violence. how is that justified? >> schifrin: instead of blaming the u.s. embassy od ning, the woould focus on iran, said israeli ambassador to the u.n. danny danon. >> iran is supporting those riots in gaza. regret every casualty. when we saw those pictures we regret that, but they are being used by the hamas. >> schifrin: but palestinian ambassadoriyad mansour said palestinians are expressing genuine frustration, and asked for the world's help.

>> ( translated ): how many more palestinians have to die before you take action? >> schifrin: but there is no monemtum for that action. and the only communication between the two sides are in prots ts. for the wshour, i'm nick schifrin. w druff: in the day's other news, the trump administration slapped new sanctions on the o heiran's central bank today. it said the bank's chief had funneled millions of dollars to the militant group hezbollah. it's the latest move cracking down on iran after president trump withdrew from the nuclear deal last week. as the sanctions were announced, iran's foreign minister told european officials in brussels that tehran must profifrom the deal if it's going to remain.e >>e starting a process, a process that ninds to be very nsive, and we don't have a lot of time. s we need to reae sort of guarantee that these benefits can be guaranteed for iran. >> woodruff: the e.u.'s foreign policy chief said they'd left

the meeting with a blueprint to continue efforts to save the nuclear deal. north korea has reportedly threaten to cancel next month's meeting with president trump, and suspended a summit with the south just hours before it was set to begin. north koan state media blamed joint u.s.-south korean military exercises, saying the drills were a provocation. a state department spokeswoman said she wasn't aware of any change in plans. >> we are operating under the idea and the notion that the president's meeting is going forward with chaman kim next month. >> woodruff: the pentagon said that the joint drills with south korea, which began yesterday, back in this country, gina haspel now has enough support to

be confirmed as president trump's c.i.a. director. the senate intelligence committee's top democrat, mark warner, had raised concerns with haspel's role in the c.i.a.'srs interrogation tactics after 9/11. w todaner said he'll vote yes after haspel wrote in a letter to him that the program should have never run.he facebooknew light on its efforts to remove fake or offensive material, the firstuc time it's madedetails public. the social network said it 8 deleted ov million posts in the first three months of 2018, stly spam. it took down 583 million fake accounts in the same period. there was room for improvement when it came to flagging hate speech-- facebook only caught 38% of such posts befo users did. on wall street today, the dow jones industrial average lost

193 points to close at 24,706. the nasdaq fell 59 points. and the s&p 500 dropd 18. and, "new journalism's" pioneer tom wolfe died today at the age of 88. starting in the 1960's, his vivid writing captured american culture in groundbreaking nonfiction like "the electric kool-aid acid test" and novels like "the bonfire of the vanities." we'll have more on wfe's work and influence later in the showo still ome on the newshour: life inside gaza-- where harsh conditions have coadributed to de protests. pairing first-generation collegt students with s who have been in their shoes, and much more. f:

>> woodrs we reported earlier, it was a day of anger anerecrimination in the mid east and beyond. in a few moments, nick schifrin will be back to speak with a former u.s. ambassador to israe rst, special correspondent jane ferguson reports for us again, from gaza. >> reporte confrontations between palestinians and israeli security forces broke out on the west bank today, with stones protests also took place on the gaza border with israel, though they were smaller than monys, when an eruption of anger in gaza led to desperate scenes. crowds of young protesters trying to rush towards the border fence with israel, hundreds shot down and carried away. for weeks palestinians have been protesting for the right to leave this strip of land, and in the last two days tens of thousands have joined in. the israelis have been most concerned about the size of this

growing crowd and trying to persuade gazans not to show up for these mass protests today. they have been dropping leaflet that say, "ws hamas ever done for you, hamas is killing the people here" in empt to try to stop them being told to come to the protests. it didn't work, with people arriving in huge numbethe edges of the palestinian territory. including imad oid. he was shot in both legs by israeli snipers at these sotests weeks ago, but ke coming back. limping slowly, and in pain, he brought his four youngren with him. the israelis are close, by-- you are not afraid? >> ( translated ): we are not afraid of the israelis, because this as our right. ready tpush forward. even with the pain of our wounds, even as people get killed, we are ready toe sacrific free our lands and take back our rights. >> reporter: to him, that means

returning to their ancestral villages. the protesters want to go back to the homes their families lived in before the formation of the state of israel, a day marked today by palestinians as al nakba, arabic for "the catastrophe." israel says these protests are the sole work of hamas, thed armeislamist group that runs gaza. hamas has encouragedurhe people ton up for the protests. shops were shuttered as a striks shut down citytreets, and loudspeakers urged people to attend.th hamas insists e are popular protests by the people. >> for the last few days, or weeks maybe, the palestinian issue has been taken from the table and put under the table, and the international community is concentrating on iran, syria, rth korea and others. palestinians today werable to raise their voice and to

remember to the world that we are still here, we are still suffering and we are struggling to obtain our rights and we need a decent and dignified life. >> reporter: life in gaza is a .painful struggle to get a ten-year blockade by israel and neighboring egypt has cut off the palestinian territory from much of the world and brought its economy to its knees. the siege was put in place in 2007 after hamas was took control of the gaza strip. to the us and israel, the group is a terrorist organization. 2 million people are packed into this small strip of land one tenth the size of rhode island. on to leave is rare, and unemployment stands at 40%. for the young generation protesting, few have any prospects of a job, or a future where they can afford to raise a family. >> you cannot believe how difficult and complex life as we are now. all of the streets are full of trashes, full of garbage, all of le they have no work, they have no employment.

>> reporter: we visited imad p from ttest in his home. he and his family have fallen on very tough times. before the 2014 war he drove a taxi, but his car antment were destroyed in the israeli air strikes. ndso they moved into this block shack. it has no running water, and they cook on an open fire, unable to afford g. he did causal work on building sites to pay the rent, but hasn't been able twork since he got shot. the family survive on hand-outs and the small vegetable patch in their back yard. most gazans cannot afford a generator during the lengthy power cuts here.en eople run out of electricity here, they only have three hours a day, they can either buy a battery to operate lights, or they just go outside and light fires. this life has given emad, like many gazans, a sense of having little to loos why do you go?

>> ( translated ): although it is dangerous and they use ammunition and gas, if the palestinian nation does not go to fight for its rights then who ll do it for us? are walking into death, but we are not afraid. i have the right to do this. even when the israeli soldier shoots me, he is afraid of me. the soldier knows this is my right.ve >> reporter: or 2,000 people have been injured in the protests, most, like imad, havee been shot leg. at a field hospital nearby, the wconditions were those of zone. some who had been shot were painfully yog. medical workers raceto the demonstrations to collect the injured. we're heading out with tow ambulances n they have been back and forth from theield hospitals to the front near the fce. and now they're going back to pick up more people who've been shot. when we arrived close to the

border fence, carried towards us on a stretcher, another protestor, another gunshot wound in the leg. hock at the field hospital, some of the injured s with convulsions- a side-effect ofar the teas fired by israeli soldiers. others lay in pain, quietly hoping they will walk again. gazans have vod to continue the protests despite the deadly consequences. with the peace process in the blddle east a mere memory at this stage, these dy images will keep coming. for the pbs newshour, i'm janerg on, in gaza.ri >> sch with me now is daniel shapiro, who served asr u.s. ambassa israel under president obama, from 2011 to 2017. very much for being on the newshour. we heard from u.s. officials today and yesterday really blaming hamas and only hamas for the vience inside of gaza. but as we heard from jane's

fergustory right now, isn't is there genuine frustration at israeli actions inside gaza ano cnditions inside gaza as well? >> well, there's no estion conditions inside gaza are horrific, and people there arely reuffering in a very genuine way. i have to say, i think the lion's share of the responsibility for this immediate crisis does fall on hamas' shoulders they are a terrorist organization, and they have intentionally embedded themselves within a civilian population of these instances, in which there are both violent acts aimed at the fence, things being lobbed and shot over thefe e, and unarmed protesters, all in one, large, chaotic area. hamas has squandered a lot of resources over the years on building rockets to attack israel with, which isranael now counter with missile defense systems. they've spent a lot of money on digging tunnels to attack israel under the borde israel now has technology to detect and destroy those eytunnels. all eally have left to try

to assert their relevance and try to push back against those humanitarian conditions is throw their own people into harm'way in this veryicatic situation where there are violent and nonviolent events happening at the same time. >> shoulrael and the international community try to do its best to alleviate the humanitarian concerns inside gaza as a way to reduce that violence? ie humanitarian situati gaza does need to be addressed. swould say in the first instance, the unitates and egypt should work together on an initiative to get the current violence to de-escalate by getting hamas to put some more controls in, and these protests and these violent events at the uence, and get israel to try to stand down itsles of engagement. and then to work with the international communitund a significant humanitarianasty to bring in theumanitarian aid, the consumer goods, and the infrastructure repair tgaza's very badly damaged water and power infras part of what's making people in gaza feel like they are so

desperate. >> we saw this scene of dissonance yesterday-- and i'll show viewers the split screen-- at the same time we saw this violence in gaza, we also saw the opening in jerusalem. you have been in favor t ofhe embassy opening in jerusalem, but doesn't the embassy opening contribute to some of the tensfn, contribute to some the violence? >> it was certainly jarring to watch thoscenes juxtaposed against one another. i do think it's appropriate that the embassy be in jerusalem. jerusalem has always been israel's capital, and theo embassy ised in west jerusalem which is not controversial. israel will always maintain control of that territory, even in a two-state solution. i think theministration made two very important mistakes, however. one was in announcing are the an the capita its intention to move the embassy, they did not frame that decision in the stronger context of our strategic objective, which is not whe the embassy sits. it's a two-state solution. it's a situation where palestinians c also achieve their aspirations for a capital

in east jerusalem. it would have to be negotiated. the precise borders are not knowable yet. nut to make clear these are see as part of a package would have made it easier for the palestinians too absorb ade sion they didn't care for. the other mistake they made the date. may 14 is the anniversary of israel's founding, and president truman recognized patro israel. and it is al naqba, the day they lost everything because of the establishment of israel and their displacement from their land today or tomorrow is the beginning of ramadan. so this event at the embassy yesterday could easily have been scheduled two weeks ago or two weeks from no, and sarated from some of the most emotional days on the patilan calendar. >> ambassador, you mentioned the strategic situation. i wanted to zoom out quicktt just a bit more. does the embassy opening, does the violence in gaza, the deaths, does that challenge the alliance that's building between israel and saudi arabia, and the

sunni states? and does it also fray the u.s.-european alliance. europeans came out against this embassy move. >> there are a lot of thingsay g the u.s.-european alliance. president trump's withdrawal from the iran nuclear dealer, first and foremost, a number of trade disputes. now the sense that european views, let's say, on how to address israeli-palestinian oatters are being not taken int account. so there are many things causing those tensions. as founr the states like saudi arabia and the united arab emirates, they have made clear while they care about theit palestinians not the highest issue on their priority. the highest issue on their priority is iran and other extremist organizations-- isis and al qaeda-- and they view israel as a strategic partner against those enemies because israel also faces them. a and th part a united states-led camp that can make common cause on those comon security challenges.

unfortunately, when e palestinian issue descends into violence and chaos and despair and hesn't look likeere's any pathway to achoaf that two-stay solution-- which is the only possible resolution to the conflict-- it makes it much harder for israel and those arab states to make cmmon cause, to bring their quiet secopurity ation out into the open and do the kind of normalization that would really benefitae everybody-- iss, arabs, and palestinians. >> daniel shapiro, former u.s.am ssador to israel, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, we continue our special series on ethinking college," and tonight we focus on so-called firsgeneration college goers this year, 45% of freshman in the university of california system are the fst in their

family to seek a four year degree. hari sreenivasan visits ucla to see how campuses are responding to the challenge. it's part of our weekly series, making the grade. >> i am a first generation scholar, i was born and raised on the south side of chicago. >> sreenivasan: professor lorrie frasure-yokley says her path to becoming the first tenured woman of color at u.c.l.a.'s political science department has shape who she is. >> i'm a product of my mom, a high school education and my dad, an eighth grade education. >> sreenivasan: and that's important to these students, who are themselves the first in their families to go to college. frner-yokley is taking part a new initiative from california's u.c. system thatus first generation faculty to guide first generation studentsh >> i'm tg this class today because i want you guys to be okay with being the firs i want to be able to validate your concerns, your fears, your frustrations with being a first generation, because i've been asere. >> sreen: last fall,

university administrators asked 900 first generation faculty and staff, like fraser-yokleto to become m. the goal is to decrease dropout rates. nationally, only 40% percent of first generation college students make it to graduation. >> we want our first generation students to thrive, we want them toeel like they belong her and that they're going to be here for four years through graduation. >> sreenivasan: university of california president, janet napolitano. >> admissions are one thing, enrollment is one thing, but graduation is the thing. >> sreenivasan: but to succeed at a prestigious school like u.c.l.a., many first-generation students feel something called the imposter syndrome. >> one of the definitions of imposter syndrome is students who worked really hard to get into campus, but they still are carrying with them like a sense that they don't truly belong, that at any moment someone is going to come and tap them on their shoulder and say, you know what, we made a mistake. for first generation schars who are carrying around with em imposter syndrome, you are not allowing yourself to thrive

in some of the same ways that students who are not first generation.e i deserv have someone sort of sit down with me during their office hours and i can ask questions, right, one on one, i deserve that opportunity." >> sreenivasan: u.c. violet salazar knows what imposter syndrome feels like. salazar helped create an entire dorm floor dedicated to incomini first gene students, after her own freshman experience proved difficult. >> it was kind of hard to get to knlt people when you always like you were, i guess, lesser than the >> sreenivasan: because you're the first? >> because i'mirst gen, because i am latina, and also just coming from a vy low oncio-economic background. >> sreenivasan: the day we visited, the first generation dorm hosted a meeting led by student clara nguyen, a first gen student herself, who also works with u.c.l.a.'s mental health resources. >> how do you practice resilience as a first generation toudent?

>> it's real easet caught up in your failures in college. so it's really important to be resilient, to keep in mind thaty it's okay, a can like recover. >> right, and thoughts are the way you think about things, like, "oh man, i think i'm going to be bad onhis test." if i start getting nervous, like my heart starts beating really fast. or i start sweating, that's kind of a physical symptom and then that might affect how i behave.y >> c give me an example of that? >> i start sweating a lot, like my hands get so sweaty i can't hold the pencil, and then i start forgetting, like i studied this, like what's going on, then i forget thingsl and then i actil. >> one of the techniques we used to combat that cycle is called mindfulness. trying to hone into the thoughts you have and trying to control the environment around y t. i wanted hnotice physical

symptoms, like the h kds sweating, d of manage your thoughts better, and say hey, yoorknow, i'm not unprepared this test, i have the skills to do it, ty hen maybe she can tell her body to calm down, and then those things will start coming back toer brain. >> sreenivasan: many first generation students, are also balancing the guilt of not contributing to their family's income when they're away at school >> you might have a financial struggle, so you should go to work, or you have siblings you need to take care of. those things are hard to let go of when you get here. >> sreenivasan: and for some, there is the added stress of immigration status. freshman jaquelin tafolla, who is a u.s. citizen, worries that in the current political climate, friends from her home community could be suddenly deported. >> there are millions of families that are struggling, whether it's having that scary moment where you never know if

your family member is going to get deported, or you never know, there can be a moment in your life where one day you're happy with your faly, sitting at dinner, and the next day your mom, dad, brother, your sister, you find out they're getting deported. so it's very scary. >>reenivasan: university administrators hope their new focus on mentoring first generation students will help both students and their families succeed. >> we know that our n students within just a few years of graduating are making more than their entire famies did we also know that they're tremendous contrib state of california, to the economy of california. it's what higher education is there for, particularly public higher education, to open those ors of opportunity, and really give meaning to the clichéd phrase the american dream. >> sreenivasan: in los angeles,s i'm haenivasan for the pbs newshour.

>> a variety of students are applicanting symptoms of depression and anxiety, and worse, hopelessness. last night we looked at this concerning situation in the first of a two-part series around national mental healthnt br jeffren talks to three young people at thein massachusettitute of technology about their participation in the "portraitss ofience" project. >> i'm emily tang, i'm fishing my junior year now, i'm studying electrical engineering, and computer science with a minor in linguistics. >> my me is victor morales, and i graduated in 2014, i studied mathematics, i'm looking for a job noas a teacher. >>name is haley cope hi'm a

seniore at m.i.t., in women and gender studies. >> brown: they are three high- achieving students at one of the world's most prestigious universities. they've also suffered crippling depression, and been through years of therapy and medication. for haley, who grew up in rural pennsylvania, the problems started well before college. >> i thought it was kind of a normal thing, oh, doesn't every middle sooler try to harm themself, no they don't, and so definitely middle school. high school was a very turbulent ofme, both in my family life, and with the strespplying to colleges. trying to make myself rfect for that.to for coming i.i.t., my dream school. >> brown: make yourself perfect? yes, sir it is. it's not something i can doe, alt's not something b achievabthe time i got to

n i.t. i failed every single class my freshmall, and had a problem with alcohol, and then by my freshman spring was when i reized, after a classmate mine in my dormitory committed heicide, i realized i really should be gettin again. >> brown: haley sought counseling on campus. and later, when she herself became suicidal, she s time at mclean hospital, a psychiatric facity outside boston. emily, too, points to early pressures growing up in plano, texas, including expectations within her family, and stressful relationships with peers. >> i got through it, i kept going. once iot to college, i felt so tired, so out of it all the time, the depression really hitr meagain, and this time it was sort of worse than ever, because i, it was really easy for me to just sort of slip through the cracks, for me to stop going to class, stop functioning, stop living my ily life. and that was when i went on

leave from school. >> brown: victor says he always felt like an outsider, as an immigrant from mexico who was raised in merced, california, and as someone who came to see himself as bisexual. by his sophomore year at m.i.t., he experienced debilitating anxiety but says he didn't understand it was a form of mental illness. b >> so i jumed myself. >> brown: what did you think was going on? >> i stressed out, and everybody freezes when they're stressed out. but i slept through an exam, and eni didn't even feel like emailing the professor, because i fe so much shame. i just had so much anxiety built up, i had this feeling lone i didn't bat m.i.t. >> brown: you mean, as in you're an imposter here? >> yeah i'm not smart enough to be here. and it wasn'until months after i graduated that i realized, you know, i was starting to go through the symptoms of mental illnesses, and depression, and i

realized i think i have pression. >> brown: did opening up to your limily help, or hurt, or what was that experienc? >> at first it was hurtful. i come from a, this kind of stereotypical mexican family, and depression in our community is like an evil spirit. >> brown: what happened when you told your family? >> i come from an asian-american household, obviously, and in china mental health re is not a thing. it's sort of like you don't talk about it, you just get through it, it doesn't exist, it was really a struggle, i think, to really get my parents understand what i was going through. >> brown: haley, what aboutmi here, the pressure cooker of coming to a place where everybody is a high achiever.bs >> oh,utely not to discount the, i don't know,ar prhaps utiln framework of m.i.t., that kind s people's value based on how many , hours you can spend in l

how well you do in your classes. >> brown: you feel that? >> you do. >> brown: and you did get to a point, at times, where you thought of taking your life? >> yes, sir, it got the worse at the end of my freshman sprini semester, ans hospitalized for that. >> brown: did either of you ever get to that point? >> yes. >> yh. i didn't want to live life without the flavor, you know? >> brown: for emily, things came to a head at home during her leave from m.i.t. >> i'd applied three times to return before i finally got accepted to return, and you know, they were sort of like why aren't you doing this, why aren't you doing this, why aren't you emailing this person, why en't you trying harder, and i just walked out of the house, i can't do this anymore, and i walked out of the house, like a body of water in the neighborhood, and i kind of walked to the edge of it, and if was just kinitting there, and i was thinking about killing myself, and i saw my parent's car driving by, they were driving around the neighborhood looking for me, and then after a couple hours, you know, a friend talked me down. and the next day we talked aut it, and my dad kind of hit the oeint, he was like, you know, i really think emilycare about this, it is her future,

after all. i think that was kind of the turning point. >> brown: th goes to a larger theme in the "portraits of resilience" project: in addition to therapy and medication, these students found critical support from friends and loved ones. >> i actually got really lucky in that respect. i was in a living group called it's really small, really tight knit, and two upperclassmen had been through really similar experiences.th i sort of har experiences to guide me. i had friends to walk me to my. appointmen >> through my depression i built up kind of like a collection of techniques, like how do i overcome anxiety? what do i do if i feel anxiety? sometimes i would call a friend to get me out of bed. anyone, even people who are t at a campus, parents especially, can kind of do something about this, just by talking about it. >> brown: all three are now eager to share what they've

learned about themselves, in the hope of helping others. >> i don't determine my beauty, my smartness, my success, based on other people anymore.as and thatne of those things that i deconstructed, and after that it felt so natural to tell my story. these weaknesses that i used to think were weaknesses, are now strengths of mine. >> in my community, i had these kind of conversation with people that went something along the lines of, if you're going to mental health and counseling, make sure that you don't say ything about suicide, because they're going to commit you, and then you're going to be forced m to lea.t., and you're never going to come back. and so, i really wanted to address that kind of stigma, it's like sang don't go to the doctor after your heart attack, m.i.t. is going to kick you out. >> i started an antidepressant th finally. is working, you know, it's a process i, you know, i tink i get a little better at learning how to navigate my resources, and how to g through the crisis with minimal damage, and minimal impact on life.

>> brown: victor, what are your plans for the future? >> there's so mu i want to do. i want to go back to grad school, i care a lot about people from latin america. but i also want to learn more in math. so, i'm kind of like which direction do i g we'll see what ends up falling into place. >> i'm the president of my dorm, and i have been for the last year, and i'm going to do it for another year i will openly talk abouwhat i'm going through, will tell people about the resources available, and i will offer myself.ro >>: haley has a coding job when she graduates. and, there's a happy, new twist to her story-- in herssay for" portraits of resilience" she wrote of "a new friend." >> in the story i talk about meeting a friend in the psychiatric hospital. that friend became my bestie , who became my boyfriend, who became my fiancé, and in october will be my husband. fiking that journey together has been great and dlt and a process of grace and growth.

>> brown: emily tang, victor morales, haley cope, thank you all very much. thank you. an associate professor of psychiatry at georgetown university medical centeu. welcome to >> thank you. >> brown: we have been watching an attempt to put a public face on ths problem. how much does the stigma remain and how much are young people more willing to come forward and it.k abou >> i think there's always going to be a stigma associated with with mentallness. it's just a part of what it means for people who struggle with these ilthlnesses. k what i've noticed in recent years, five to 10 years, is that millennials and the young people coming right behind them are far more likely and willing abto talout these issues. i wouldn't say that it hasle coly eradicated the stigma, bit absolutely young people who are in college and right behind them, high schooler lare far moikely to share these are the things they're struggling with. >> brown: homuch do experts like yourself understand why this seeming rise in anxiety and

depression and suicide? why is that happening? >> one factor is that when you look at the young people we saw, you see racial diersity, which i think is amazing and wonderful. because these illness are so much more igma tilessed in communities of color. i do think people are more aware of what some of these issues gre. they're aware of s and symptoms. and what we find is for african muamericans and other coties of color, people feel thate they exponentially stigmatized in addition to race, gender, sexual oientation or swullity, by having a label or being diagnosed way mental illness. we heard one young n y the latino brother, when he talked about seeing these things andng thint was normal arct some point during his college career someone enlightened him said these are signs and symptoms of depression and anxiety and a light bulb wasble to go off for him. >him.is >> brownt the genetics or social behavior? we heard some references to

social media playing a new role. >> absolutely. there are also alzheimer's going to be hereditary and chemical and biological factors but i think what has changed some are some young people. some people talked about preparing yourself. so you're alwngays loot report cards from different aspects of... and i think it can have aac negative ion our young people. >> brown: how prepared orc unprepared arehools today? >> i think for college collegesd universities they're tryin d thn't always have the wand width and the capacity toac mmodate the volume of students coming forward, much more so now than 20 years ago when i was in school. i think what colleges and universities are trying to do ii extenders, find other ways to provide support for young people so that everything is non ing just through the counseling center. and there are many opportunities that i think colleges andes universiave found to do that, whether it's connecting with community bhobz can also provideare, connecting with

different kinds of apps or othec electrypes of things to help our young people develop coping skills. so it not necessarily full care, per se. but it is providing a stopgap measure so in between visits or until a young person can get a visit with a peon in the counseling center, they have other ways that they can support themselves glbz so what kind of treatment is available to young people now? t so what i always tell young people when i treem is that there's the fast way, the slow way, and the best way. anbi think when we thinkout fast ways, medicatio psychotropic medications are absolutely an option for people. i think along with that, it's important to think about the kinds of talk therapy that are available to peowaple. and i say that the best way is to try to do a combination of both to thete that a young person and their families feel comfortable th psyiatric medication. so for talk therapy, we're thinking abouthings like cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, teaching coping skills, and support groups. and we know what some of the

different kinds of anianxieties and antidepressants are that are available to young people. >> brown: so finally, what's the most important thing you lent young peo know who perhaps are starting to a experieniety and depression, and their parents? what should they know? >> inhink for parents d young people, they should absolutely know that they are not alone,n that mtal illness does not discriminate. it can impact anyone, and that there are people right around us,aur loved ones, family members, community members, church members, other peers atsc ol, who are struggling with these issues. so it's really important for them to know they're notl aone, there's help. and i tell young people all the time two thiks-- take diets and breaks from social media. >> sreenivasan: tak diets from social media. >> that's right. and reach oit for help to people u feel like you can trust. >> brown: allt, rihank you very much. >> thank you very much.

>> woodrf: finally tonight, remembering the american writer tom wolfe, who died today. wolfe first broke rough to a wider audience in the earlyne sixties asf the seminal voices behind so-called "new journalism"-- a form of non- fiction writing that used fictional literary styles and was distinctively different in technique. his magazine pieces for haled to non-fiction books put american subcultures under the microscope, often with a wry and biting tone. "the electric kool-aid acid test" zeroed in on the counterculture and experimenting "the painted word" targeted the world of art. and one of his best-regarded books, "the right stuff," which was later made into a movie, showcased the heroism of thest first americannauts. wolfe later turned to writing vels.

his biggest hit, "the bonfire of the vaties," was a lacerating satire of money, power and new york life in the '80s. he spoke with the newshour's elizabeth farnswor in 1998 about how he tried to bring his reporter's eye to hiion. >> reporting is absolutely essential to the novel, now more than it ever was. >> rorter: why? >> it's because the novel is not gointo be able to compete with television, with movies, with other forms of stories unless it exploits to the full what only print can do and what only-- in this case, wht only the novel can do. and that is to bring people inside of th amazing worlds that exist in the united states today. >> woodruffuf

>> woo some thoughts about wolfe and his work from a writer he influenced:or susaan is a journalist, author, and staff writer for the "new yorker." she's the author of eight books, including the best-seller, "thei orchid." susan orlean, it's a pleasure to have you with us. what was it about tom wolfe? what was it about him that influenced you? >> i read "the electric kool-aid acid test" when i was in high school, anchd as mus i was a big reader at the time, this was transformational. there was a voice, a confidence, a tone that i had never encountered before, particularly in nonfiction. i carried ou carryied that bookh in for years. >> and really do it's what made me want to be a nonfiction writer. there was just a spirit in his writing that had never-- i d never encountered before. it was like hearing jazz for the first time. >> woodruff:ell, it

interesting, he just said if that interview with elizabeth farnzworth, he mentioned american life. he was uniquely american, wasn't he? >> yes, and he took the amazing mosaic of american subcultures as his subject, everything fom the merry pranksters traveling on their bus, taking l.s.d. every five minutes, to the upper luent and,ry aff indulged denizens of that d ighborhood. looked at them all in a somewhat equal way. these were tribes that he wanted to analyze and understand. >> woodruff: of course, there was so much praise for his work a.at times his critics wsay nt too far, was not sensitive enough to race and other thihen.

dio too far sometimes? >> he had-- he was prey unburdened by the propriety of wha he sid. i think his feeling was that everything was far game. could beaisely misinterpreted, which is an issue for a writer. nsdo you have some resility for the way your words could be perceived. and i think he felt that his responsibility ended at the page, and if people read it wrong, it was really their problem. >> woodruff: where do you think that all came from? he was southern. he was born and raised in virginia. any sense of what made him the writer he was? >> he was a serious student of lirature, and i think its really important to realize that he hathese two very basic but

serious underpinnings to his work-- namely, a reauslly ser understanding of literature, a deep regard for and talented for reporting. his books only cceeded because the reporting was so good. he seemed to take a sort of anthropologist' delight in analyzing subcultures, figuring out how power flowed within them, how people made their way out of them and what impact it had for thpsse little gro bump up against people who were not inside the tribe.in i he really was at heart an anthropologist >> woodruff:unds like, susan orlean, you're saying his nonfiction more important than his fiction? >> no, not necessarily. i think his fiction, when he hit it riiht, was brlliant. and i don't think the world is

the same after "the bonfire of the vanities." quite honestly. for him, i think fiction was merely an extension of the nonfiction, where he took th kind of reporting that his noiiction had and smply created an ideal narrative in which to tell that reporting. and he said often that his novels were very dependent on fact and on oervation and on the real world, and that that's what they were meant to do, to explain the real world to us through a fictional narrative. i tink that his nonfiction and his fiction were very closely related, just one had a narrative drawn frreal life and the other had a narrative that he created. >> woodruff: last thing, he was also personallhedistinctive. dressed in white all the

time. i read that he always wore the vest, the white what was that all about? >> well, i think he lik-- as he once said, he didn't think he could blend in, so he decided he might as well really stand out. he was a readyl dan i think he had a southern gentleman's enjoyment of being fully turned out every day, and perfect contrast to an era in which, t starting e 60, the idea of dressing for reporters, to dress well, was unheard of. i mean, people came to wok in t-shirts and berken stocks, and and there was tom wolfe. i think he enjoyed playing on our expectations of convention, and just as we expected, the ink-stained wretch in the newsroom to look a certain wayo, heoked exactly the opposite. refind, elegant, and completely

out of no prticular era. he was a sort of timeless figure with that-- witsh hi get-up. >> woodruff: remembering tom wolfe, writer and author susan orlean. thank you so much. >> my pleasure. >> woodruf later this month, starbucks will close its more than 8,000 coffee shopan afternoon of anti-bias training. the aim is to prevent its talking about race and implicit tonight, writer ijomo aluo, shares her humble opinion on why thatralk can be so faught, even with one's own mother.

>> here'>> ere's the thing about my mom: my mom, who is white, is the kindest, most generous person i've ever known. but she's also exhausting. she's a bundle of whimsy and emotion, and she doesn't always think before she speaks. so when she left me a voicemail saying that she'd had an epiphany ashut race, and i ld call her back right away, i really, really, really did not want to do that.k i talk about race every day, as an activist and educator.no and while i haced that my work on race had started to build some awkward distancend between my mome, i still didn't want to talk about race with her. i mean, she's my mom. it's personal and awkward, like talking to your mom about x. turns out i didn't need to worry about whether to call her back because, like many moms, she immediately called me back, and

pt calling until i answered the phone. the conversation was as bad as i'd feared, maybe worse. she'd made a joke at work that had to do with race, not a racist joke, but one that was more, a joke for the black community, and a black colleague had challenged her: "what do you know about being black?" well. myom was pretty indignant first." he doesn't know me! he doesn't know i raisedhree black kids!" i was cringing as she said this to me. had she not read my work? and then came her epiphany: she realized that her coworker must face so much racism as a black man that he couldn't tell who the "good" white people were and that if she were in his shoes, she'd probably be angry all the time too. that was it. she had decided that the next day, she was going to rch over to her coworker and explain that she had raised three black kids,

so she got it. i literally shouted "nooooo" like people do in action movies when they trto stop their friends from getting into the car that is rigged with explosives. then i took a deep breath. i tried to explain that beg a white woman who loves black people, who has even given birth to black people, is still very different from living as a black person and experiencing the full force of a white sremacist she asked if she at least got black credit for doing my hair for all of those years. i said no. it was aong conversation and oh, was it painful. but it opened up a new way of seeing each other. so as awful as it was, i'm glad the conversation happened. but it is in our conversations about race and racism that we find understanding, empathy, and opportunities to make realda change in outo day lives. start talking. more importantly, start

listening. it is not always pleasant to talk about race. in fact, it almost never is. but it is worth it. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. u r all of us at the pbs newshour, thank yod see you soon. >> majorunding for the pbsas newshour heen provided by: >> the ford foundation. woeing with visionaries on frontlines of social change worldwide. su carnegie corporation of new

york. orting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and curity. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers le you. thank you. captioning sponsored byro newshourctions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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