captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. n the newshour tonight: the results from this year's biggest primary election day. as democrats hope to take back control of the u.s. house of representatives, republicans secure a top-ticket candidate in california. t nhen, aew study looks at major cities across the country where homicides are common, but arrests, rare. and, diving deep into humanity's past. what scientists are learning afrbout humans today om studying the d.n.a. of our ancient ancestors' bones. >> people today are almost never directly descended from the people who first lived in those places. there's waves and waves of population reacement, and that we're all interconnected. >: > woodall that and more, on tonight's pbs newsho.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> leidos. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.or> g. pported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world.

more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by coributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the republican speaker of the u.s. house of representatives, paul ryan, publicly broke with presint trump today on two key issues. he disputed mr. trump's claims t it the f.b.i. planted a s his 201campaign. eaker said he agrees with trey gowdy, chair of the house oversight committee, who has sa that the f.b.i. was right tohave an informant contact trump campaign assiates. >> i think chairman gowdy's initial assessment is accurate. i w think-- bute have some more digging to do.

but i've seen no eviden to the contrary of, of the initial assessment that chairman gowdy has made. but i want to ma sure that we run every lead down and make sure that we get final answers to these questions. >> woodruff: speaker ryan also warned president trump against pardoning himself in the russia investigation. the president claimed this week that he has an "absolute right" to do so, but he said he has done nothing wrong, so there is no need for a pardon. today, ryan said, "obviously, the answer is he shouldn't, because no one is ave the law." wte house officials say t president today commuted the life sentence of alice marie johnson. she is 63, and han spent more t years behind bars, without parole, after being cnoonvicted of iolent drug offense. cebty kim kardashian west met with mr. trump last week, pressing johnson's cause. facebook has now acknowledged sharing user data with chinese phone maker huawei. urn.s. gont officials have

flagged the firm as a national security threat. the "new york times" initially reported the data sharing. facebook then aounced the arrangement is ending immediately. huawei says it never actually collected or stored facebook user data. in guatemala, 75 people are now confirmed dead, with nearly 200 missing, after sunday'solcano eruption, and search teams are growing desperate. william brangham reports. >> reporter: it is an a spocalyptne-- a gray blanket of toxic ash and mud, lt guatemala's most violent volcanic eruption in 40 years. it's called volcan de fuego-- the "volcano of fire"-- and it fokirst shis region of southwest guatemala in the mheiddle ofight sunday. fast-moving mud and lava flows tore through entire villages, catching residents off-guard. in the town of san miguel los lotes, rescuers have be

digging through buried homes, searching for aone who might've survived. ronorocael joined in, hoping find his teenage daughter. >> ( translated ): we came to help with the search for people, because one is mdaughter, who hasn't turned up. so, we came to see if we could rescue her, or at least find her body so we can have her. >> reporter: elsewhere, the dead were found, entombed in ash and debris. officials believe those who eren't buried were likely asphyxiated within minutes from breathinin the heavy dust and toxic gases. residents say there w no families have been buryinloved ones for days now. in some places, the ground below is still a scalding 500 degrees from the lava. there are occasional glimmers of hope, as when this baby girl was pulled unscathed from a building in the town of el rodeo. hsaer family waly rescued as well. but new eruptions yesterday sent people running for safety, and

prompted wider evacuations. >> ( translated ): the truth is that it was truly ugly, because veryone was walking everywhere. there were rs that crashed. people fell over, but we all had the same nerusness we all had. we were all in a state of panic. >wh> reporter: meane, officials keep a watchful eye on volcan de fuego, unsure if more eruptions will come. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham. >> woodruff: the european union has responded to newly announced u.s. tariffs by imposing duties on imported american products. the bloc today targeted $3.4 billion worth of u.s. steel and agricultural products. the trade battles escalating just ahead of this weekend's meeting of the heads of the seven most powerful western iusialized nations. here in washington, two top aides to e.p.a. administrator scott pru he faces an ethics probe. senior counsel sarah greenwalt,

and pruitt's scheduler, millan hupp, are stepping gwn. reenwalt received a 50% raise this year, before it was rescinded. hupp has said she performed personal tasks for pruitt, on government time. first lady melania trump has made her first public appearance in almost a month. she joined her husband at a briefing on the u.s. hurricane season. until then, she had not been seen outside the white house since a kidney procedure in early may. on twitter, the president declared that theories about his wife's status were "all fake." he said, "she is doing really well." and, several thousand people gathered today at arlington national cemetery to mark 50 years since robert f. kennedy was assassinated. he died on june 6, 1968, after being shot in los angeles. he had juston california's emocratic presidential primary. at today's ceremony, former presidentill clinton said kennedy's message resonates now

mveore than >> he would stand in a synagogue athnd say the samg as he'd say at a knights of columbus meeting. and if we had had a large muslim population back then, he would have gone to them and said, "you too can be part of america, iarf you our values and our vision." .> woodruff: robert f. kennedy was 42 when he di on wall street today, bank stocks helped lead another rally. the dow jones industrial average gained 346 points to close at 25,146. the nasdaq rose 51, and the s&p 500 added 23. and, the world is a less thlorful place today, afte last living munchkin from "the wizard of oz"passed away. jerry maren danced his way down the yellow brick road as a member of the lollipop guild in the 1939 classic, and handed judy garla's "dorothy" a token

of welcome to munchkinland. j werry maren 98 years old. still to come on the newshour: california primaries set up competitive ces for november. f.b.i. agent sounds the alarm over misinformation spread by foreign countries. mapping history: ancient d.n.a. that is unlocking the story of humankind's journey. a mnd, mue. >> woodruff: we begin tonight wesith politics, and the la voting night of the year to ante. yesterday, more ix million americans wt to the polls in primary contests across eight states. the battle to control congress was front and center, but there were revealing elections in key senate and gubernatorial races, too. >> tonight, we made history! ( cheers and applause )

>> woodruff: it was a good night for democrat debra haaland in new mexico's first congressional district, where she's aiming to be the first native american woman >> our win is a victory for working people, a victory for women, a victory for indian ountry. >> woodruff: she was one of the many women with primary vbuictories tuesdayilding on a good year so far for female cteandi other winners included rublican kristi noem, the first woman gubernatorial nominee in south dakota, and democrat deidre dejear, the first african american nominee for statewide office in iowa. also in the hawkeye state's first district, 28-ld state representative abby finkenauer decisively won the democratic nomination.d f votern in november, she'll be the youngest woman ever eescted to con

>> so many folks are jusready for change and new energy, and that's what you're seei tonight. >> woodruff: but for some incumbents, there were challenges. in alabama, representa martha roby came in first, but worasd into a runoff. she faced backlash from republican voters for her public announcement in october016 hat she would not vote for mr. trump, just one day after an "taaccess hollywood surfaced of him making lewd comments about women. >> i've been running on myti conser record, and i'm going to continue to do that. >ff> woodroby will face former democratic representative-turned-trump supporter bobby bright next month. in new jersey, democratic u.s. senator robert menendez faced a tougher-t from a relatively unknown opponent. his win came a little more than a month after the senate ethicst com "severely admonished" the two-term incumbent, and months after the u.s. department of justice dropped a corruption case against him.

but the biggest prize of thegh for both parties came in california, where, by law, the top two vote-getters in a race advance, no matter their party. despite having multiple contestants, democrats avoided shutouts and will have conandidateovember's ballot in seven districts that hillary clinton won in 2016, but that antre represe now by republicans. in the california governor's race, it was republicans who aided a shutout and the specter of depressed general election turnout. businessman john cox, who recently got the national g.o.p.'s backing, came in second to the democratic lieutenant governor, gavin newsom. in a state where democrat voters outnumber republicans nearly two-to-one, newsom quickly tried to turn the race into a referendum on president trump. >> it looks like voters willh

ave a real choice this november, between a governor who is going to stand up to donald rump, and a foot soldier in his war on california. >> woodruff: for more on those election results, i'm joined now by stuart rothenberg. he's senior editor at inside elections. and, scott shafer. he's senior editor for kqed in san francisco. and welcome to both of you to the program g so, stu, ing to start with you. what did each party need to do yesterday and did they do it? >> well, i think the democrats needed to getandidates to the november ballot in california, and they needed to show well in a number ofer states, in iowa and new jersey, where there were significant contests. i think they did that. it looks that way. there's all this hand wringing that may be in california's top two process that the democrats will be shut out of a few districts, that didn't seem to appe so that was good. the republicans got a candidate, atatewide candidate that was concerned they wouldn't have

anybody in either of the statewide races, john cox. >> woodruff: in california. in californiao , yeah. think they got that. but i don't see any fundamental shift in the election cycle o becauthese contests. i don't think there were any new race on the board or any rac on the board that are now off the board. >> woodruff: we'll talk abouthe states in a minute. i wanted to turn to california, scott shafer. let's talk about that governor's race. docrats had wanted to -- they wanted both of the top two slots so the republicans wouldn't have anybody on the ballot in they didn't get that. tell us a little bit about what happened. >> yeah, wellwe had that top two primary and, of course, gewavinm, the lieutenant governor said openly he would nsve to run against a republican for all the reaou mentioned at the top, judy, it's a much more easy race for him if, say, the democrat from los angeles had come in second, it woyd have set up a v different contest, probably a much closer election for gavin newsobecause veragosa had run a little bit to his right. but that didn't happen, in pt

because president trump wade inv the mccarthy from baker bakersfield, california got the president to endorse john cox a couple of weeks before the election d that really put the thumb on the scale for him. kevin mccarthy wants to become speaker and he can only do that ifthe republicans mold on to the majority. without a republican at the top of the ticket, republicans we worried the turnout in november would be low, so they've avoided that. >> woodruff: they're going to have a name at the top of the ticket across the state. so let's talk about the half a dozen o so congressional races in california where democrats were trying to make inroads. these are districts where hillary clinton won in 2016 but are distris now represented by republicans. tell us quickly about those >> right, in san diego darryl issa is theub current rcan member of congress and is retiring as is ed roycen i orange county to the north. before they retired, a lot of i

democrats pilo those races thinking they were going to run off against the republican encument. so when those republicans retired, it created this problem for democrats, like, oh, my goodness, we're going to split the pie in too many slices and s dls will t out. that did not happen. it's still going to be difficult o at least a challenge fortimes to pick up those seats, but they're much better positioned than theyight have been, especially down in san diego where the first place finisher was aepublican but the next three are all democrats, we're sotill going to have wait and see till all the bal ballots are counted which democrat comes in second. but they're looking good there. >> woodruff: stu, let's come back to the other states and talk about what looks good and what may be a worry for each one of the parties. democrats happy about iowa because they may have a shot at the governor's race? e fred hubble, former c.e.o. of equitable l the nominee. he comfortably won the primary. it was a very crowded race.

look, this is not a top tier opportunity for democrats,s ut it ved from off the table to probably on the table. it's one wth watching. democrats got two really strong c, ongressional candidatesth women in the first and third districts, so i think they'rec enthusiasout iowa. >> woodruff: and, stu, new jersey. robert menendez hd been facing a lot of ethical challenges, court cases so, forth. he's gotten beyond that. >> woodruff: but his vote was less this time. >> right, he won with about 60% of the pmary vote. it was, frankly, an embarrassing showing for the senator and a reflection of his ethics issues and the bad press he has been getting, and the ethics committee admonished him, but he's going to win in november. it's new jersey, the trumper midelection, that's not going to happen. democrats actually had a terrific night in new jersey, i tthought. y got good candidates, are well positioned to take two open seats and to take on leonard

lance, a republican incumbent. sei think new j could be a real democratic big night. >> woodruff: one other race i want to ask you abouts alabama, martha robey. we mentioned her, she was one of the few republicans critical of president trump after the access hollywood tape before the election in 2016. itre we are two years later and looks likay have taken toll on the republican primary. >> this is the bizarre world ace, it seems to me. martha has a runoff against bobby brig for the republica nomination. bobby bright is a former democratic congressman who lost to mart robey in 2010 in the general election. martha is having to explain why shwas critical ohe now president. ore grassroots in alabama now very suve of donald trump. >> speaking of donald trump, scott shafer, back to you in california. we know the polls show he is not very popular there, but republicans believe they can make sol inroads in places where h he is popular.

>> well, that's true, in places hike orange counts less unpopular than, say, a year ago. i wouldn't say he's popular. but at ttatewide level, john cox, i think, used trump's eo ndorsementt into the top two, but as a statewide race, having donald trump's endorsement and hitching your wagon to donald trump is not a formula for su for a statewide election. the last time a republican won r statewie, judy, in california was in 2006, his name was schwarzenegger. so john cox notery well known, he's going to have a very tall order in trying to run a very competitive race against gavin newsom, come the fall. >> woodruff: so many races to keep our eyes on. scott shafer, stu rothenberg, thank you both. >> thanks, judy. you. >> woodruff: now, the

combination of russian meddling and social media and the effect on the 2016 election. nick schifrin reports on how they became a combustible mix. >> reporter: judy, thank yo last year, the u.s. intelligence community concluded that, in 2016, russia launched a campaign odinformation to discredit hillary clinton, and help elect donald trump. ostne of the sharpest ana of russia's so-called active measures, is former u.s. government intellinence analyst watts, who almost one year ago, testified before the senate titelligence committee. for the reason measures have worked in this u.s. election is because the commander-in-chief has used russian active measures at times against his opponents. but until we get a firm bas on fact and fiction in our , own countt some agreement about the facts, whether it be do i support the intelligencce ommunity or a story i read on my twitter feed, we're going to have a big problem. >> reporter: that probl continues today, and watts has

advised the senate intelligence committee oits investigation into russian meddling. he's also written a new book, "messing with the enemy. urviving in a social med world of hackers, terrorists, russians, and fake news." and cnt watts joins me now. >> thanks for having me. very much. i want to get to today in a second but let'soo back 2014. you're investigating terrorists and even talking to some terrorists and that's when you first encounter russian trolls. tell us about that. >> russian trolls were different from normal trolls. everybody gets trolls if you're on social media but they tend to not stick around forever, they're motivated usually whenever you're talking but this was continuous. when you looked at thheaccounts, were sharing basically the same message, they will share the same content or lin and they also look to be almost uniformly spread around the world and they would talk allrs hf the night. it's the first time i saw a sedustand persistent campaign that looked larger but when you got to the core of it wasust a few small actors and i knew i was on to something different fromer therism

field i was looking at before. >> fast forward to 2016, russia launched what you called the most sophisticated hacking campaign in world history but they weren't only hacking the couters, but our mind. >> they were hacking compromising information on targets so they could dump it out in the open and use it in social media to influence people towards a particular policy position. this was very different. trehere were a lot of dif targets in the u.s. and e it was anyone who was an opponent to russia and gave thea tunition, the nuclear fuel to power the narratives going into 2016. >> you think it was successful and, in fact, you specifically write that putin, that russia helped give trump michin and wisconsin and, therefore, the presidency. what's your proof of >> just from my analysis of ottching it and looking at the v, essentially those were the two closest contests in the united states. those two state s weretes russia may very well have won

because of several different factors. one, bernie sanders performed better than hillary clinton during the primaries in those two statewhich was a surprise. the narrative that bernie sanders got a raw deal from the nc came 100% from a russian action. they stole the dnc's record, leaked it and powered that narrative. the other tng we want to look at is those are two democratic states that are stunnedrdto pro trump narrative and in the case of jill stein you saw a lot of people show up to vote there. so in a very close contest, the russians can tip a stator two easily because the margin is only 1% on a given election day. >> do you think the russians will try it ain this year? >> no, i don't think they have anything they want. beyond sustaining audience and influences, one thing we should know is russia never got in the game to one one election or put one candidate forward. the idea was to undermine democracy, to make americans lose confidence in democratic institutions and ected

officials by turning every crack in our country into chasm and pitting different race ethnic groups, religious groups, socioeconomic groups, second amendment, abortion rights, whatever it might where we fight instead of being a unified front against them. >> that's one of the most important conclusions, you write not only is there a threat to democracy from outsi but it comes from inside. the threat is from america w itself. ould america protect itself not only from russia or any outside influenceut also what you call narrow mindedness? >> the biggest challenge moving utrward isn't the russians b other americans who see the technique and the political gain that can come from itnd adopt it on their own meaning they come up with their own new outlets which means they aren't only telling the truth but ath treferred. we have to have a baseline of fact and fiction in this country or you can't have political debate. we can't have good policie in congress because we don't agree what's happening t real

world. social media works because of bias. we want to read things tha confirm what we already believe. the second part is implicit biasti we like g information from people that look and talk like us. the russians understood this well. tell people what they want to hear, look like them and they are more than likely willing to takri have to whether true not. rather than having the government try and regulate everything or social media companies decide what is good or bad news is create an independent rating agency that works on two axis, one, facter vs fiction, a rating period, how they report over time. another is opinion reporting. it's hard on social media to know this an opinion article or reported article. >> lastly, a lot of people fall for fake news, iluding you, you admitted it at you fell for fake news. cacan you tell us the story abot your daughter? >> yeah, i had a daughter who

was severely autistic. when she was a small kid, the big theory then was if you have too many shots or too manyhots in a row or all in the same day, your child will get autism, so i actually worked to space out my daughter's shots to make sure hat she would not get autism. now, going into all the research now that's been completely debunked, but i wanted to believe, you know,hat's my confirmation, i wanted to believe i could protect her. implicit bias. i was talking to my friends who were concerned about this. i starred to invest. i chose news, information and outlets that were conspiracihaes tweren't well vied. it's important to admit anyonen fall for false information. not to take it personal and double down and provu're right but be open to the fact anyone can be duped and try to do better next time. >> clint watts, thank you very much. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: now, who we are, and how we got here. jeffrey brown takes a time- traveling look at how modern researchers e using the latest d.n.a. sequencing technology to understand the movements and interactions of very ancient humans. it is the latest in our weekly science series, "the leading edge." >> reporter: it's a trip into the deep human past, in a lab at the harvard medical school. disposable tyvek suits, gloves, headgear-- all requid avoid contamination of the ancient bones being sdied here. >> the bones we're looking at right now are about 5,000 to 6ea,000old samples from italy. and we're trying to understand ptropulatiosformations in italy over time. >> reporter: david reich, who h this lab, is at the forefront of a revolution in dst.n.aies now providing new insight into human history as old as 40,000 years.

>> we can open up an ancient skeleton from 10,000 years ago, seence its genome, have as much information from that andncientidual as we would have from a person living today. >> reporter: and tell a story about them and their movement, heir relation to others? >> exactly. nd the power of this information is evident from the fact that the stories are always so surprising. >> reporter: finding our roots is all the rage these days. there's a deep human interest in where we come from. reich and his colleagues go deep, much deeper into the past, powered by enormous advances in sequencing technology in the last decade. he's using it to answer very big questions. the title of his new book: "who we are and how we got here." >> we're looking at the history of humans and how we got to all the different places we are in the world today, and it's not something that's been possible to look at before this technology. really, what the ancient d.n.a. has done, and the ability to loowith high resolution at

human variation has done, is, it's opened up a whole pandora's box of archaic humans, and ancient mixtures, that we didn't kabnot before. but that we already can see some f them. >> reporter: reich and his team ouwork on bones collected the world, brought to them by archeologists and museums. >> i think that might be an ossr:le. >> repor in the so-called "s clean lab," we watched ancient skull fragment was sandblasted to isolate the carochlea, or inner e. the petrousone surrounding this area can retain traces of d.n.a. for thousands of years. in another room, th met harold robot. >>e provides all of our libraries for us in the d.n.a. so we can seqnce it. >> reporter: reich was part of a group of scientists which confirmed that ancient humans anddeanderthals mixed and ma until some 40,000 years ago, and that some living humans today still carry traces of neanderthal d.n.a. a ce in siberia produced another surprise, a species

later dubbed "denisovans." >> my colleagues obtained d.n.a. from a finger bone from central asia, from siberia, thathey thought was a modern human. bheut when they sequenced d.n.a., it was from a population that was neither neanderthal nor modern human. so this was an incredible velation to all of us. >> reporter: that suggests that there are still yet to be fo other kinds of archaic humans? >> that's right. you know, i think we're alone on the planet now, but 50,000 years ago, it would have been much likthe scene in "star wars," with many, many different humans, all similar to each other and comprehensible to each other in some ways. many of them as big-brained as us, but much more different from each other than people who live today. >> reporter: phaps the biggest surprise in the ancient d.n.a. reearch, though, is in mor recent human history. we may think mass migration and mixing of cultures is a modern phenomenon, but it turns out to be the story of our species-- we've always moved and always mixed.

>> the idea that human populations today might correspond to age-old separations, tens of thousands of years old, that have existed from time immemorial, has now been profoundly undermined by genetics. what the genetic data shows is that groups that we s today, and that we recognize, in fact are the results of profound mixtures, and that none of these oups are pure in any senat all. > f> reporter: t, original populations in most regions of the world have been replaced, sometimes several time europe, for example, saw what reich calls a "collision" of three very different populations over the last 9,000 years, the last of them part of a great migration that began far to the ee ast, in whatw call the russian steppes. to make this more concrete, reich points to the iconic site of stonehenge, which reached its final form around 4,500 years ago, constructed byeople who descended by europe's first farmers. >> but within 100 years or 200

years, that population was 90% replaced, and stonehenge was taken over by these new neople, who we the same people, genetically. >> reporter: so if you're living iton britaiy and you're thinking, "oh, my ancestors built stonehenge," you're wrong? >> you're basically wrong. or maybe only 10% of your ar ncestorswer did. and so, i think that this is sort of an example of this ppeoint, which is that le thday are almost never directly descended from people who firstived in those places. there's waves and waves of replacement, and that we're all interconnected. >> reporter: that, of course, blows up concepts of "pure" races and national identity-- itideas of gene misused by the nazis and many others into our own time. differences? yes. but more connectis and mixing than we'd known. it's hardly the end of the story. ra.eich says the ancient d. revolution is just beginning. and there's plenty the d.n.a. doesn't tell us-- just wh people migrated at a given time, for example? what, in fact, where they thinking?

new secrets, he says, will continue to be unlocked. > g> itng to really profoundly change the way we do archeology, history, linguistics, sociology, evn geography and sort of economic history, because we'll be able to learn, for example, how population sizes have changed over time. >> reporter: it's all there in the ancient bones. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the harvard medical school in cambridge, massachusetts. >> oodruff: next, the problem of why too many homicides remain unsolved with no arrests. amna nawaz looks at a new analysis fr the "washington ost" that tracks how effective, or ineffective, many police departments are. >> reporter: judythe team at he "post" studied data from more than 50,000 homicides over the course of a dtade, in 50 of he largest cities. reporters found that in some cities-- and, more pointedly, in

cuparr sections of certain cities-- murders are common, but arrests can be rare. in fact, the "post" found that in 34 of the 50 cities, there's now a lower arrest rate for murders than a decade ago. that can often be the case in neighborhoods that are home to mostly low-income residents of color. wesley lowery is a national reporter at the "washington post" and led the team. welcome to the "newshour". >> thank you so much for having me. >> those low arrest zones yo au mention we talked about you found in your reporting, what are the commonaliies? what do those places share? >> of course. so what we did, again, is we mped the homicides going back a decade, looking notten only just where violence is but where unsolved violence, where violence goes unchecked, so were ooking at zones where there was a high level of violence and a low level of the violence resulting in an arrest. what these communities share, there are similarities and differences. they vary. you might get a view in your head of what the place looks like -- run down or exclusively poor -- and it's true in many

neighborhoods therow-income minority. but they look different. t neighborhood in pittsburgh looks different than san francisco or washington, d.c. becae is a gentrifying neighborhood and not what you think of where you think of a place where homicide goe unsolve so the geographic areas look differently city to city.> we're not talking about the cities as a whole. these are cities that might have kivery good arrest rate overall. we'ng about a few square blocks here and there. >> of course, omaha, which i where we base the beginning of the story is a city that's one of e best in the country of solving homicides. they have even gotten better in reeseenent years. last year seven in ten of their homicides resulted in someone being arrested. that said we t found 12-block area where there had been more than a dozen of homicides and just a handful that resulted in arrests. los angeles another city that's done a really good job of

getting better at solving major crime, but in certain neighborhoods these crimes are almost never solveit speaks to the sense of two cities. you have people lived in los angeles based on where they live and who they are, their crimes are almost always solved othersult in arrest, and based on where they live in los angeles, omaha, new york or boston, if they're the victim of a crime, n almoster result in arrest. >> the idea of mistrust that come up fm both sides, right. detectives you talked to in the police departments, also families who lost loved ones and been solved.ad not i want to play a quick bit of that to hear what some people had yo say t. >> here in homicide we depend on witnesses and cooperation from the community and if we don't get that cooperation from the community it makes the job that much harder. >> they really don't care. no. that is somebody's son. son.my you need to find out what happened and who did it and why it happened.

t doesn't matter where he comes from. your job is to solve homicides and that's what you need to be doing. >> that mistrust, was at something you found over and over again in these places? > certainly, and many departments say when you look at the map, you look at the map of undersolved homicide, i doubles in place where is they have the worst relationship with the community. homicides, in particur, in solving is all about people telling you what they know. you can't solve a murder unless people tell yowho murdered the person. if you show up or my dod orstep nt information about the mveurder who in my building, of course i don't trust yu to give you information about the murderer who lives here. it cuts in both direction becau since police are not solving homicides in these places, its leads to distrust which emboldens people who want to commit crime and bomes a

cycle. police and community members believe that and it cuts to the core. we have had some conversatias bout these conversations, viral videos on police shootings. whatla is the state of before the viral video? what's the baseline of trust? if you live somewhere where are you're a victim of crime or likely to be a victim of a serious cme, we're talking murders, and unlikely ever to recve justice, that doesn't sound like a trusting relationship and only gets worse if you haen an inc of brutality or police violence. >> it's important to say y found at liers, where there is a very good ratio to murders to arrest rate in placous might not expect, like atlanta in one part of it. wt did you find that's different going on there? >> that's something we're going to drill into in the coursof the year. pieces comin more but that is something we're looking at. we're seeing there are some cities that are so good at homicide that even in the most violent neighborhoods they solve

homicides. there's a temptation to look at the data and go of course police can't solve murders on the rough ide of town. but we found cities like richmond, durham or atlanta where even in the places of biggest challenge the police are still finding ways to solve the crimes. ife can make arrests and murders in the rough side of town in aisanta, that a question about why the police are failing to do so inre baltichicago or new orleans. >> your reporting is going to continue. where does it go next? >> we're gog to look at additional questions, how do resources factor in, ding into racial disparities. ise of our major findings is a white victiore likely to have eir homicide result arrest than a black victim. we'll continue the research tough the year. >> thank you for coming by. s for having mefu me.

>> woodruff: one consequence ofs beefing urity at the mexico border has been the splitting up of families. special correspondent angela kocherga reports from el paso. >> reporter: hundreds people lined up in el paso near the border, just across from juarez, for the chance to see their rivel who were waiting on the other side in mexico. the family union was in middle of the rio grande, which along this st riverbed.rder is a dry ( rimaachis playing ) the mood was festive and filled with anticipation. > > si, ya! >> repo er: rosa barragan spotted her mother and other family members in the crowd standing on the mexican side of the border. she's here to introduce her six- week-old baby girl to them. ♪ ♪

>> reporter: aftethe u.s. and exican anthems, and a blessing from priests from both countries, thmoment they'd een waiting for: >> reporter: the newest member of the family met her grandmother, aunt, uncle and a three-month-old cousin. the two baby girls, born on opposite sides of the border, were the highlight of the barragan family reunion. the "hugs not walls" event, organized by the border networka for rights in coordination with the u.s. border patrol. it brie y brings together relatives who do not have

documents to cross back and forth betwem the u.s. and ico. about 300 families got the opportunity to embrace their loved ones. the people wearing red t-shirts are with the mexican federal police, and there are a lot of border patrol agents keeping an eye on this stretch of the rio grande as wel we were asked to wear blue shirts in order to identify that w tre covering the event onhe u.s. side of the border. t ohe families who are comir from mexico: they're wearing whitehirts. while the border patrol had a strotg presence, they would n talk to us about the gathering. hugs not walls started in 2016, and requires permission from both u.s. and mexican authorities. this is the fifth event so far. hilda martinez came to hug her husband, a construction worker iving in colorado before he was deported to mexico. she and their five children made a 12-hour trip to the border to

spend a few minutes with him. his wife said she never thought she would enjoy a brief moment so much. each family had four minutes before the next group of relatives got their turn. martin portillo, a u.s. citizen, used the opportunity to propose to his girlfriend, daisy arvizu, in front of her relatives from mexico. he wanted her father's blessing. ( speaking spanish ) >reporter: as their minut together dwindled, this dad aousked hisng son if he's ecome the man of the house. ( speaking spanish ) >> reporter: he then tried to comfort his little daughter with one last hug, before she hes home without him to colorado. on this spring day, for se separated families, the hard linthat defines the border seemed to blur briefly. for the pbs newshour, i'm angela

kocherga in el paso, texas. e >> woodruff: and we willack shortly, but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> woodruff: for those stations sustaying witeconomics correspondent paul solman re-introduces us to a business and arts venture that unique, to say the least. here is his reprise report from santa fe new mexico. >er> repo: new mexico's economy tumbled head over heels d08uring the crash ofand has pretty much frozen for the decade since it hit bottom. >e > so, this is use of eternal return. >> reporter: return on investment? >> well, maybe. >> hello, welcome to our house. >> reporter: and maybe even a small step towards the return of

the new mexico economy, says vince kadloobek: so, it melted or something. >> yes. >> reporter: if, that is, this mystery funhouse filled with portals to other time/space dimensions should reaze its ambition of becoming the next bnttainnt, llowg lead of the rain room at new york's museum of modern art, say, toronto's lost and found escape room, or the crystal universe in singapore. >> it perfectly expresses the type of artwork that iming wildly popular around the country. instead of walking up to a painting, you actually let audiences walk inside ohe painting. >> reporter: but here in santa fe, it's immersion, with a plot. opened in march of 2016, the house of eternal return is already a business sensation. it needed 125,000 paying customers at up to $20 a pop tob reak even on operating expenses in year one. instead, it drew 400,000, taking in nearly $7 million, its ofits alone covering most of the original investment.

>> we're in the closet. >> reporter: the paying visitors are the sleuths, scanning notes and diaries scattered amidst the m >> here's one of the portals, right through the fireplace. >> reporter: we're going throu the fireplace. thank god i play tennis all the te.im ...which leads to the skeleton of a musical mastodon. ♪ ♪ but can this techno-netherworld really do anything to revive a tate like new mexico, whose economy keeps losing its best and brightest to the coasts? well, herere jobs robots can't compete with:c hippie artist ollective called meow wolf that became a business, convinced "game of thrones" creator george r.r. martin to buy a defunct bowling alley and lease it to them, and convert it into, well-- something hard to describe, or sometimes, even to see. >> so this is the laser harp. and this is the sort of ethereal

zone that is between life and death. >> reporter: there's no map, no g.p.s., just room after room of you-figure-it-out fantasy. >> here's that aquarium you saw when you were side the house. asind now you're in of it. >> reporter: this is like virtual reality, except it's actual reality. >> right. it's virtually actual reality. ♪ ♪ >> reporter: this is artwork designed and crafted by more than 150 artists, many of them millennials, like the 35-year- old c.e.o., who started off as an artist himself, switched to deal-maker. >so> i learne basic business aspects, and i figured out what debt meant... >> reporter: did that come as a shock? >> it was amazing to me. like, i grew up thinking that debt was this big, evil thing. oleur weneration does. it's like, you fall into debt, and you spend the rest of your life tryi to get out of it, and stay away from debt. and when i realized what debt actually was, that somebody wasn willing tome money to

build something incredible, that would endp paying them back plus a little bit of a return, and i crunched the numbers, i was like, "oh, yeah, th makes total sense." >> take me to the galactic center, whoo! >> reporte so they borrowed $1.5 million, have created about 200 jobs so far, and promised to more than double that in the next three years. so what does an artist make here? >> we have an entry-level ust-graduated from high school, 19-year-old artist who's making $50,000ith full healthcare benefits. and then we have fabricators and designers making upwards to $70,000 or $80,000 salary, with full benefits. >> reporter: which is double that if it were in a major urban area, right? i mean, because of costs he? >> i would say that these wages, $70,000 to $80,000 in santa fe, are some of the sweetest that youl find, yeah. >> reporter: plus stock in the company meow wolf has become. with more jobs opening up in a

newly-acquired former caterpillar assembly plant, for example, to create future exhibits. finally, there's the gift shop, f peaturidictable items, and not-so-predictable, like the experience tube. john feins, meow wolf's marketing director: >> it is actually talk to each other, the original social media, no distractions, no cell phones, just two people. >> reporter: add up all the revenues, says the c.e.o., and... >> we've discovered a business model that is 50%-60% net profit. >> reporter: if you take in $10 million, you're earning? >> five to six, on top of it. after all eenses. >> reporter: so who's the lucky investor who get the payoff? > we are withholding our profits, we are reinvesting hem, so that we can buil something like this three or four times the size in major cities around the country. >> reporter: so i put the question to a pair of visiting t-of-towners: would it work in san diego? >> i think it would. >> reporter: and athens?

>> i think it would work in athens, yes, or atlanta, yes, i think. >ow> reporter: and while olf isn't exactly amazon, looking to locate a second headquarters, kadlubek says he's rec some sweet offers. >> we had other cities around the country knocking on the door and saying, "not only build onei of these in ou, but we want your entire company to move." >> reporter: the house of eternal return's dark story ends in the "infinity spa," where the c.e.o. summed up the mission. >> break down some paradigms, you know, bust through some new dimensions, and into a whole different way of thinking aboute whattate can be and what economy can be in the state. >> reporter: immersive art as economic engine, "breaking down some paradigms" to create jobs. okay, a fehundred are a drop in the bucket. but, hey, think cirque de soleil or disney. alhey too started out and weird, which is what provoked me ryto sign off this sto from inside my favorite item in the gift store. for the pbs newshour, this

is economics correspondent paul solman, reporting from meow wolf's experience tube in santa fe, new mexico. >> woodruff: a northern virginia startup is using new technology, and a sense of humor, to care for the elderly. newshour's teresa carey went to fairfax, virginia to meet rudy the robot. >> reporter: olga robertson has ived in her house for 57 years. with a large italian family, including two daughters and grandkids, robertson's home has a lot of memories. >> i'm here by myself most of the time, but i feel comfortable here. that's why i don't want to go into a home or anything. >> reporter: but, despite being aer spry 88-year-old, ron has an in-home caregiver who visits every day. > a> she helped me ot of things.

she'll take me places like to my doctor's appointments. she even does word puzzles with me. >> reporter: in march, to supplement hesthome care ast, robertson was given the opportunity to try rudy, a robot designed by anthony nunez, c.e.o. and founder of i.n.f. robotics, a northern virginia start-up. nunez hopes rudy will help prolong siors' independence. he built in features where caregivers,demergency resp, or family can check in remotely through a skype-like interface, a steer rudy through the home to search for the senior. and, as with any technology, there is a learning curve. nunez created rudy because of what he witnessed growing up. >do> my grandmother fel when she lived alone up in rhode island, and ended up losing her independence. she ended up moving into my hom and as a teenager, i watched my mom take care of her. and i saw both sides of it at an early age.

i wanted to do something about it, because i know that situation is not uncommon. >> reporter: but nunez, and his creation rudy, have a sense of humor. rudy can tell jokes, play gamesa even dance the jitterbug. but for robertson, the best feature is companionship.> you can talk to him all day and he respondsgoo you. it wa to have somebody to have a conversation with. let's put it that way. >> report: a brigham young university study showed that when it comes to the impact on lifespan, loneliness is equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. other robots, such as pa robot pets, or elliq, are similar to rudy, providing companionshipr relaying information between seniors and their caregivers. cliff glier, c.e.o. of sencura, a non-medical homecare agency, the early adopters of

rudy. >> for older adults thalive alone, having a robot overnight is less exnsive than having a real caregiver stay awake and sit by their bedside. >> reporter: at $100 per day, glier offers rudy in conjunction with his homecare services, using rudy to check in on seniors through video chat. >> we here at the office will check in to the home, up to three times a day, and make sure e have you taken your medications? have you gotten up and walked around? wine're chein without having to drive over and send a cn aregiver ask those basic questions. >> reporter: some evidence suggests that nothing replaces the human touch, but because recent generations are having fewer children, there coue be a short people who will be

available to care for the gpurowing senior tion. with four prototypes in use in the washington, d.c. area, and more on back order in new york, an diego and boston, rudy is an example of how robots could become a part of caring for seniors. for the pbs newshour i teresa carey in fairfax, virginia. >> woodruff: thank you teresa. what a great idea. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon.ng >> major funor the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular understands that not everyone needs an unlimited wireless plan. our u.s.-based customer service reps can help you choose a plan based on how much you use your phone, nothing more, nothing less. to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> financial services firm raymond james. >> leidos.

with the ongoing support of these institutions >> thisrogram was made possible by the corporation for public broadconting. and byibutions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ni capt sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh media access group at wgbh elyse: this week on history detectives,

what could this faded scrap of fric tell us t about the first piloto conquer the continental divide? veelyse: i cannot belie i'm doing this. roll it to the left. ohmy god! eduardo: chhow did these pencil skes help d aine the shape rica? that's a pretty good match. tukufu: and in an encore presentation, what do these metal fragments tell us about the genius behind one of the nation's most popular son wow, wow! welvis costello: atchin' the detectives ♪ ♪ i get so angrs when the teardrstart ♪ nd 'cause he's got no heart ♪ ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ it's just like watchin' the detectives ♪