captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: the results from this year's biggest primary election day. as democrats hope to take back control of the u.s. house of ranepresentatives, republs secure a top-ticket candidate in california. then, a new study looks at major cities acrosshe country where homicides are common, but arrests, rareep and, diving nto humanity's past. wishat sciets are learning about humans today from studying turhe d.n.a. ofncient ancestors' bos. >> people today are almost never directly descended from the people who first lived in those places. tfhere's waves and waves population replacement, and that we're all interconnected. ff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> leidos. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- leollfoundation.org. >> thlson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the john d. and foundation. macarthur committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world.

inmorrmation at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >gr> this p was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the republican speaker of the u.s. htase of represves, paul ryan, publicly broke with president trump today on two y issues. he disputed mr. trump's claims that the f.b.i. planted apy in his 2016 campaign. instead, the speaker said he agrees with trey gowdy, chair of the house oversight committee, who has said that the f.b.i. was right tohave an informant contact trump campaign associates. >in> i chairman gowdy's initial assessment is accurate. i think-- but we have some more digging to do. but i've seen no evidence to the

contrary of, of the initial assessment that chairman gowdy has made. but i want to make sure that we run every lead down and make sure that we get final answers tono these ques >> woodruff: speaker ryan also warned president trump against pdoning himself in the russia investigation. tsihe pnt claimed this week that he has an "absolute right" on do so, but he said he has done nothing wr so there is no need for a pardon. tayryan said, "obviously, the answer is he shouldn't, because no one is above the law." white house officials s the president today commuted the life sentence of alice marie johnson. he is 63, and has spent more than 20 years behind bars, whout parole, after being convicted of a nonviolent drug offense. cweelebrity kim kardashia met with mr. trump last week, pressing johnson's cause. facebook has now acknowledged sharing user data with chinese phone maker huawei. government officials hav

flagged the firm as a national security threat. e ew york times" initially reported the data sharing. facebook then announced the rrangement is ending immediately. huawei says it never actually collected or stored facebook user data. in guatemala, 75 people are now confirmed dead, with nearly 200 missing, after sunday's volcano eruption, and search teams are growing desperate. wamilrangham reports. >> reporter: it is an apocalyptic scene-- a gray blanket of toxic ash and mud, lvieft by guatemala's mosent volcanic eruption in 40 years. it's called volcan de fuego-- the "volcano of fire"-- and it fir southwest guatemala in the middl fast-moving mud and lava flows rere through entire villages, catchindents off-guard. in the town of san miguel los lotes, rescuers have en digging through buried homes,

searching for anyone who might've survived. rony rocael joined in, hos ng to find enage daughter. h ( translated ): we came to help with the sear people, because one is my daughter, who hasn't tuaed up. so, weme to see if we could rescue her, or at least find her body so we can have her. > reporter: elsewhere, the dead were found, entombed in ash and debris. officials believe those who weren't buried were likely asphyxiated within minutes from breathing in the heavy dust and toxic gases. residents say there was no families have been burying loved ones for days now. in some places, the ground below is still a scalding 500 degrees rom the lava there are occasional glimmers of hope, as when this baby girl was pulled unscathed from a building in the town of el rodeo. her family well.ely rescued as biout new erupt yesterday sent people running for safety, and

prompted wider evacuations. >> ( translated ): the truth is tglhat it was truly because everyone was walking everywhere. there were cars that crashed. people fell over, be all had the same nervousness we all had. we were all in a state of panic. >> reporter: anwhile, officials keep a watchful eye on egvolcan de unsure if more eruptions will come. for the pbs newour, i'm william brangham. >> woodruff: the european union has responded to newly announced u.s. tariffs by imposing duties on imported american products. the bloc today targeted $3.4 billion worth of u.s. steel and agricultural products. the trade battle is escalating just ahead of this weekend's meeting of the heads of the seven most powerful western industrialized nations. here in washington, two.aop aides to eadministrator scott pruitt have resigned, as he faces an ethics probe. senior counsel sarah greenwalt,

and pruitt's scheduler, millan hupp, are stepping down. greenwalt received a 50% raise this year, before it was rescinded. h supp has sa performed personal tasks for pruitt, on government time. first lady melania trump has made her first public appearance in almost a month. she joined her husband at a bonriefinhe u.s. hurricane season. until then, she had not been seen outside the white house since a kidney procedure in early may. on twitter, the president eclared that theories about his wife's status were "all fake." he said, "she is doing really well." and, several thousand people gathered today at arlington national cemetery to mark 50 years since bert f. kennedy s assassinated.ne he died on , 1968, after being shot in los angeles. he had just won california's democratic presidenrimary. at today's ceremony, former president bill clinton said kennedy's message resonates now

more th ever. >> he would stand in a synagogue and say the same thing as he'd say at a knights of cumbus meeting.d and if we d a large muslim population back then, he would have gone to them and said, "you too can be part of america, u share our values and o vision." >> woodruff: robert f. kennedy was 42 when he died. on wall street today, bank stocks helped lead another rally. the dow jones industrial average gained 346 points to close at 25,146. the nasdaq rose 51, and the s&p 500 added 23. and, the world is a less colorful place today, after the last living munchkin from "the wizard of oz"passed away. jceerry maren dhis way down the yellow brick road as a member of the lollipop guild in the 1939 classic, and handed judy garland's "dorothy" a token

of welcome to munchkinland. jerry maren was 98 years old. sllo come on the newshour: california primaries set up competitive races for november. a former f.b.i. agent sounds thi alarm over ormation spread by foreign countries. menapping history: and.n.a. that is unlocking the story of hunkind's journey. and, much more. >> woodruff: we begin tonight with politics, and the largest voting night of the year to date. yesterday, more than six million americans went to the polls in primary contests across eight states. the battle to control congress was front and center, but there were revealing elections in key senate and gubernatorial races, oo. >> tonighist, we made htory! ( cheers and applause )

>ff> woodit was a good night for democrat debra haaland in new mexico's first congressional district, where she's aiming to be the first native american oman elected to congress. >> our win is a victory for working people, a victory for women, a victory for indian country. >> woodruff: she was one of mathe women with primary victories tuesday, building on a good year so far for female candates. other winners included republican kristi noem, the ernatorialn g nominee in south dakota, and democrat deidre dejear, the first african amerin nominee for statewide office in iowa. also in the hawkeye state's first district, 28-year-old state representative abby finnauer decisively won the democratic nomination. if voters send her to washington in no youngest woman ever elected to coness. >> so many folks are jusant reay

for ge and new energy, and that's what you're eing tonight. >> woodruff: but for some incumbents, there were hallenges. in alabama, representative martha roby came in first, but as forced into a runoff. she faced backlash from republican voters for her public announcement in october 2016 tt hat she would te for mr. trump, just one day after an "access hollywood" ofpe surfaced him making lewd comments aenbout w >> i've been running on my conservative record, and i'm going to continue to do that. >> former democratic face representative-turned-ump supporter bobby bright next month. in new jersey, democratic u.s. senator robert menendez faced a tougher-than-expected challenge from a relatively unknown opponent. his win came a little more than a month after the senate ethics chemittee "severely admonis the two-term incumbent, and months after the u.s. dertment of justice dropped a corruption case against him.

but the biggest prize of the night for both parties came in california, where, by law, t t topwo vote-getters in a race advance, no matter their party. dee spving multiple contestants, democrats avoided shutouts and will have andidates on november's ballot in seven districts that hillary clinton won in 2016, but that are represented now by republicans. in t california governor's race, it was republicans who avoided a shutout and the specter of depressed general election turnout. businessman john cox, who recently got the national g.o.p.'s backing, came in second to the democratic lieutenant governor, gavin newsom. in a state where democratic voters outnumber republicans nearly two-to-one, newsom quickly tried to turn the race into a referendum on president trump. >> it looks like voters will have a real choice this

november, between a governor who an going to stand up to donald trumpa foot soldier in his war on california. >> woodruff: for more on those lection results, i'm joined now by stuart rothenberg. he's senior editor at inside elections. and, scott shafer. he's senior editor for kqed in san francisco. and welcome to both of you to the program. so, stut i'm going to star with you. what did each party need to do yesterday and did they do it? >> well, i think the democrats needed to get candidates tohe november ballot in california, and they needed to show well in a number of othertates, in iowa and new jersey, where there were significani t contests. ink they did that. it looks that way. there's al h thisd wringing that may be in california's top two process that theemrats will be shut out of a few districts, that didn't seem to h wpen. so th good. the republicans got a candidate, a statewide candidate that was concerned they wouldn't have anybody in either of the

statewide races, john cox. >> woodruff: in california. in california, yeah. so i think they got that. but i don't see any fundamental shift in the election cycle because of these contests. i don't think there were any new race on the board or any races on the board that are now off toahe. >> woodruff: we'll talk about other states in a minute. i wanted to turn to scott shafer. let's talk about that governor's race. democrats had edwao -- they wanted both of the top two slots so the republicans wouldn't have anybody on the ballot in november. they didn't get that. whll us a little bit about happened. >> yeah, well, we had that top two primary and, of course, gliin newsom, thtenant governor said openly he would love to run against a republican for all theeasons you mentioned at the top, judy, it's a much more easy race forim if, say, the democrat from los angeles had come in second, it would have set up a very different contest, probably a much closer election for gavin newsom because veragosa had run a little bit to his right. but that didn'tn, in part

because president trump wade in. the kevin mccarthy from baker bakersfield, california got the presidentondorse john cox a couple of weeks before the election and that really put the thumb on the scale for him. kevin mccarthy wants to become speaker and he can only do that if the republicans mold on to the majorit without a republican at the top of the ticket, republicans were worried the turnout in november would be low, so they've avoided that. >> woodruff: they're going to have a name at the top of the ticket across the state. so let's talk about t half a dozen or so congressional races in california where docrats were trying to make inroads. these are edistricts wh hillary clinton won in 2016 but are districts now represented by publicans. tell us quickly about those. >> right, in san diego darryl a is the current republican member of congress and is retiring as is ed royce in orange county to the north. before they retired, a lot of

democrats piled into those races tunnking they were going to off against the republican encument. so when those republicans retired, it created this problem fe, democrats, l oh, my goodness, we're going to split mahe pie in too slices and dls will be shut out. that did not happen. it's stl going t be difficult or at least a challenge fortimes to pick up those seats, butuc they're better positioned than they might have been, especially down in san diego where the first place finisher was a republican but the next three are allemocrats, we're still going to have to wait and see till all the bal ballots are counted which democrat comes in second. but they're looking good there. >> wo lodruff: stu,'s come back to the other states and talk about what looks good and what may be a worry for each one of the parties. democrats happy about eciowa se they may have a shot at the governor's race? >> fred hube, former c.e.o. of equitable life is the nominee. he comfortaby won the primary. it was a very crowded race.

look, this is not a top tier opportunity for democrats, but it has moved from off the table tn o probably oe table. it's one worth watching. democrats got two really strong congressional candidates, both women in the first and third districts, so i thin they're enthusiastic about iowa. >> woodruff: and, stu, new jersey. robert menendez had been facing a lot of ethical challenges, court cases so, forth.h s gotten beyond that. >> right. >> woodruff: but his vote was less this time. >> rig, he won with about 60% of the primary vote. it ns, frankly, a embarrassing showing for the senator and a ics issues of his eth and the bad press he has been getting, and the ethicsee commi admonished him, but he's going to win in november. j it's nsey, the trump mid-term election, that's not going to happen. democrats actually had a terrific night inersey, i thought. they got good candidates, are well po ttioned to ta open seats and to take on leonard

lance, alican incumbent. i think new jersey could be a real democratic big night. >> odruff: one other race want to ask you about is alabama, martha robey. we mentioned her, she was one of the fe republicans critical of president trump after the access hollywood tape before the election in 2016. here we are two years later and looks le it may have taken toll on the republican primary. >> this is the bizarre world re, it seems to me. martha has a runoff against bobby bright for the republin nomination. bobby bright is a former democratic congressman who lost to martha robey in 2010 in the geral election. martha is having to explain why she was criticalf the now president. the grassroots in alabama now very pportive of donaltrump. >> speaking of donald trump, scott shafer, back to you in california. we know the polls show he is not very popular there, but republicans believe they can make sol insads in pla where h he is popular.

>> well, that's true, places like orange county, he's less unpopular than, say, a year ago. i wouldn't say he's popular. but at the statewide level, john cox, i think, used trump's endorsement to get into the top two, but as a statewide race, having donald trump's endorsement and hitching your wagon to donald trump is not a formula for success for a statewide election. the last time a republican won a statewide race, judy, in california was in 2006, his name was schwarzenegger. so john cox not very well known, he's going to have a very tall order in trying to run a very competitive race against gavin newsom, come the fall. >> woodruff: so many races to keep our eyes on. sscott shafeu rothenberg, thank you both. >> thanks, judy. you. >> woodruff: now, the combination of russian meddling

and social media and the effect on the 2016 election. nk schifrin reports on how they became a combustible mix. >> reporter: judy, thank you. lyeas, the u.s. intelligence community concluded that, in 2016, russia launched a campaign oref disinformation to dit hillary clinton, and help elect donald trump. one of the sharpestsinalysts of rs so-called active measures, is former u.s. government intelligence analyst clint watts, who almosyear ago, testified before the senate ilintnce committee. for the reason active measures have worked in this u.s. election is because the commander-in-chief has used russian active measures at times against his oppon but until we get a firm basis on fact and fiction in ourown country, get some agreement about the facts, whether it do i support the intelligence community or a story i read on my wwitter feed,re going to have a big problem. >> reporter: that problem continues today, and watts has

the senate intelligence committee on its investigation into russian meddling. he's also written a new book, "messing with the enemy. surviving in a social media world of hackers, trorists, russians, and fake news." and clint watts joins me now. >> thanks for having me. very much. nt to get to today in a second but let's go back to 2014.t you're investig terrorists and even talking to some terrorists and that's when you first encounter russian trolls. tell us aboutt. t >> russian trolls were different from normalrolls. everybody gets trolls if you're on social media but they tend to not stick around, forev they're motivated usually whenever you're talking but this was continuousn . wu looked at the accounts, they were sharing basically the same message, they will share the same content or links and they also look to be almost uniformly spread around the world and they would talk all hours of the night. it's the first time i saw a sustained and persistent campaign that looked larger buto when you gohe core of it was just a few small actors and i knew i t was ono something different from the terrorism

field i was looking at before. >> fast forward to 2016, russia launched what you called the most sophisticated hacking hmpaign in world history but they weren't onking the computers, but our mind. >> they were hackingro cosing information on targets so they could dump it out in the open and use it in ocial media to influence people towards a particular policyit pn. this was very different. there were a lot of different targets in the u.s. and eu. it was anyone who was an opponent to russia and gave them the ammunition, the nuclear fuel to power the narratives going into 2016. >> you think it was successful and, in fact, you specifically write that putin, that rusa helped give trump michigan and eisconsin and, therefore, presidenc what's your proof of that? >> just from my analysis of watching it and looking at the votes, essentially those were in the closest contest united states. those two states were states russia may very well have wone

becaof several different factors. one, bernie sanders performed better than hillary clinton during the prs in those two states which was a surprise. the narrative that bernie sanders got am raw deal f the dnc came 100% from a russian action. they stole the dnc's record, leaked and powered that narrative. the other thing we want to look at is those are two demesratic st that are stunned toward a pro trump narrative and in the case of jill stein you saw a lot opeople show up to vote there. so in a very close contest, the russians can tip a state or two easily because the margin is only 1% on a given election day. >> do you think the russians will try it again this year? >> no, i don't think they have anything they want. beyond sustaining audience and influences, one thing we should know is russia never g in the game to one one election or put one candidate forward. the idea was to undermine democracy, make americans lose confidence in democratic institutions and elected officials by turning every crack

in our country into chasm and pitting different race ethnic groups, religious groups, socioeconomic groups, second amendment, abortion rights, whatever it might be where we fight instead of being a unifieo f against them. >> that's one of the most important conclusions, you write not only is there a threat to democracy from outside but it comes from inside. the threat is from america itself. how should america pro itself not only from russia or any outside influence but als what you call narrow mindedness? r the biggest challenge moving forward isn't thesians but other americans who see the technique and the political gain that can come from it and adopt it on their own meaning they come up with their own news outlets which means they aren't only telling the truth but a ruth preferred. we have to have a baseline of fact and fiction in this country or you can't have political debate. we can't have good policies in congress because we don't agree what's happening in the real

world. social media works because of. bi we want to read things that confirm what we already believe. the second part is implicit bias. we liken getting informatom people that look and talk like us. the russians understood this well. tell people what they want to hear, look like them and they are more than likely willing to take i have to whether ue or not. rather than having the government try and regate everything or social media companies decide what is good or bad news is create an independent rating agency that works on two axis, one, fact ersus fiction, a rating period, how they report over time. another is opinion reporting. it's hard on social media to know is this an opinion article or reported article. >> lastly, a lot of people fall for fake news, including you, you admitted it at you fell for fake news. cacan you tell us the story abot your daughter? >> yeah, i had a daughter who

was severely autistic. when she was a small kid, the big theory then was if you have too many shots or too many shots in a row or all in the same urd, hild will get autism, so i actually worked to space out myg er's shots to make sure that she would not get autism. now, going into al r theearch now that's been completely debunked, t i want to believe, you know, that's my confirmation, i wanted to believe i could protect her. implicit bias. i was talking to my friends who were concerned about tis. starred to invest. i chose news, information and outle that were conspiracies that weren't well vied. it's important to admit anyone can fall for false information. not to taket personal and double down and prove you're right but be open to the fact anyone can be duped and try to do better next time. >> clint watts, thank you very much. > thank you.

>> woodruff: now, who we are, and how we got here. jeffrey brown takes a time- traveling look at how modern researchers are using the latest d.n.a. sequencing technology to understand the movements and interactions of very ancient humans. it is the latest in our weekly science series, "the leading edge." >> reporter: it's a trip into the deep human past, in a lab at the harvard medical school. disposable tyvek suits, gloves, headgear-- all required to avoid cthontamination of ancientones . >> the bones we're looking at right now are about 5,000 to 6,0 italy.old samples from and we're trying to understand populat italy over time.s in >> reporter: david reich, who heads this lab, is at the forefront of revolution in d.n.a. studies now providing new insight into human history as old as 40,000 years.

>> we can open up an ancient skeleton from 10,000 years ago, sequence its genome, have s much information from that individual as we would have from a person living today. >> reporter: and tell a story about them and their movement, and their relation to others? >> exactly. and the power of this information is evident from the fact that the stories are always so surprising. > reporter: finding our roots is all the rage these days. there's a deep human interest in where we come from. reich and his colleagues go deeper, much deeper into the past, powered by enormous advances in sequencing technology in the last decade. he's using it to answer very big questions. the title of his new book: "who we are and how we got here." >> we're looking at the history of humans and how we got to all the different places we are in the world today, and it's not sngomethat's been possible to look at before this technology. really, whathe ancient d.n.a. has done, and the ability to look with high resolution at

human variation has done, is, opit'ed up a whole pandora's box of archaic humans, and ancient mixtures, that we didn't kw about before. ut that we already can see some of them. >> reporter: reich and his team work on bones collected ound the world, brought to them by archeologists and museums. > ossicle.that might be an >> reporr: in the so-called "clean lab," we watched as an ancient skull fragment was sandblasted to isolate the cochlea, or ier ear. the petrous bone surrounding this area can retain traces of d.n.a. for thousands of years. in another room, we met harold the robot. >> he provides all of our libraries for us in the d.n.a. so we can sequence it. >> reporter: reich was part of a group of scientists which confirmed that ancient humans nd neanderthals mixed and mated until some 40,000 years ago, and that some liv still carry traces of neanderthal d.n.a. a cave in siberia produced another surprise, a species later dubbed "denisovans."

>> my colleagues obtained d.n.a. from a finger bone from central asia, from siberia, that they ghthwas a modern human. but when they sequenced the d.n.a., it was from a population that was neither neanderthal nor modern human. so this was an incredible revelation to all o.f >> reporter: that suggests that there are still yet to be found, other kinds of archaic humans? >> that's right. you know, i think we're alone on the planet now, but 50,000 years aengo, it would have uch like the scene in "star wars," with many, many different humans, all similar to each comprehensible to each other in some ways. many of them as big-brained as us, but much more different from each other than people who live today. >> reporter: perhaps the biggest sheurprise inncient d.n.a. research, though, is in more recent human history. we may think mass migration and mixing of cultures is a modern phenomenon, but ibeturns out to the story of our species-- ay've always moved and alw mixed. >ma> the idea that

populations today might correspond to age-old separations, tens of thousands of years old, that have existed from time immemorial, has now been profoundly undermined by genetics. wt e genetic data shows is that groups that we see today, and that we recognize, in fact are the results of profounds, mixtund that none of these groups are pure in any sense at all. >> reporter: inact, original populations in most regions of the world have been replaced, sometimes several times over. europe, for example, saw what reich calls a "collision" of three very different populations over the last 9,000 years, the last of them part of a great migration that baregano the east, in what we now call the russian steppes. to ma reich points to the iconic site of stonehenge, which reached its final form around 4,500 year ago, constructed by people who descended by europe's first farmers. >0but within 100 years or

years, that population was 90% rheeplaced, and stoe was taken over by these new people, who were not the same people, genetically. > l> reporter: so if you'ing in britain today and you're thinking, "oh, my ancestors built stonehenge," you're wrong? >> you're basically wrong. or maybe only 10% of your ancestors or fewer did. and so, i think that this is sort of an example of this point, which is thapeople today are almost never directly descended from the people who first lived in those places. there's waves and waves of population replacement, and that we're all interconnected. >, > reporter: that course, blows up concepts of "pure" races and national identity-- ideas of genetics misused by the nazis and many others into our own time. differences? yes. but more connections and mixing than we'd known. it's hardly the end of the story. reich says the anciend.n.a. revolution is just beginning. and there's plenty the d.n.a. doesn't tell us-- just why people migrated at a given time, for example? what, in fact, where they thinking? new secrets, he says, will

continue to be unlocked. >> it's going to really profoundly change the way we do archeology, history, linguistics, sociology, even gndeography a sort of economic history, because we'll be able to learn, for example, how population sizes have changed ver time. >> reporter: it's all there in the ancient bones. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the harvard medical school in cambridge, massachusetts. >> woodruff: next, the problem of why too many homicidesemain unsolved with no arrests. mna nawaz looks at a new analysis from the "washington post" that tracks how effective, or ineffective, many police departments are. >> reporter: judy, the team at the "post" studied data from more than 50,000 homicideover the course of a decade, in 50 of the largest cities. reporters found that in some cities-- and, more pointedly, in

particular sections of certain cities-- murders are common, but arrests c be rare. in fact, the "post" found that in 34 of the 50 cities, there's now a lower aest rate for urders than a decade ago. that can often be the case in neighborhoods that are home to mostly low-income residents of color. wesley lowery is a national reporter at the "washington post" and led the team. welcome to the "newshour". ingthank you so much for h me. >> those low arrest zones you mentioned and we talked about you found in your reporting, at are the commonalities? what do those places share? >> of course. so what we did again, is we mapped the homicides going back a decade, looking notten only just where violence is but where unsolved violence, where vckiolence goes uncd, so we were looking at zones where there was a high level of violence and a low level of the violence resultinin an arrest. what these communities share, there are similarities and ifferences. they vary. you might get a viewn your head of what the place looks l eike -- run down lusively poor -- and it's true in many

neighborhoodstheres low-incomey. minor but they look different. the neighborhood in pittsburgh looks different than san francisco or washington, d.c. cause one is gentrifying neighborhood and not what you think of where you think of a place where homicide ved. uns so the geographic areas look differently city to city. >> we're not talki about the cities as a whole. these are cities that might have a very good arrest rate overall. we're talking about a few square blocks here and there. >> of course, omaha, which is where we basethe beginning of the story is a city that's one of the best in thery couf solving homicides. they have even gotten betrter in eeseenent years. last year seven in ten of their homicides resulted in someone being arrested. that said we found the 12-blocka here there had been more than a dozen of homicides and just a handful that resulted in a los angeles another city that's done a really good job of

getting better a solving major crime, but in certain neighborhoodshese crimes are almost never solved. so it speaks to the sense of two cities. you have people lived ined los angeles bn where they live and who they are, their crimes are almost always solved and result arrest, and others based on where they live inom los angelesa, new york or boston, if they're the victim of a crime, almost never result in arrest. >> the idea of mistrust that come up from both sides, right. detectives you talked to in the police departments, also families who lost loved ones and the crimes had not been solved.o i wanlay a quick bit of that to hear what some people had to say to you. >> here in homicide we depend on witnesses and cooperation from the community and if we don't set that cooperation from the community it mahe job that much harder. >> they really don't care. no. is somebody's son. she my son. you need to find out what whyened and who did it an it happened. it doesn't matter where he comes

from. your job is to solve homicides and that's what you need to be doing. >> that mistrust, was that something you found over and over again in these places? >> certainly, and many departments say when you look at the map, you look at the map of undersolved homicide, i doubles in place where is they have theo worst relatnship with the ommunity. homicides, in particular, in solving is all about people telling you what they know. you c't solve a murder unless pple tell you who murdered the person. if you show up or my doorstep and want information the murder who lives in my building, of course i don't trust you to give you information about the murderer who lives here. it cuts in both direction because since police are not solving homicides in these aces, its leads to distrust which emboldens people who want to commit crime and becomes a cycle.

police and community members believe that and it cuts to the core. we have had some conversations about these conversations, viral videos on police shootings. what is the stateeof play bef the viral video? what's the baseline of trust? if you live somewhere where are you're a victim of crime or likely to be victim of a serious crime, we're talking murders, and unlikely ever to rdoeceive justice, than't sound like a trusting relationship and only gets worse if you have anncidence of brutality or police violence. >> it's important to say you found at liers, where there is a very good ratio to murders tore rate in placous might not expect, like atlanta in one pa oit. what did you find that's different going on there? >> that's something we're going to drill into in the co the year. we have many more pieces cs ing. but thatmething we're looking at. we're seeing there are some cities that are so good at homicide that even in the most violent neighborhoods they solve

homicides. there's a temptation to look at the data and go of course police rscan't solve murn the rough side of town. but we found cities like richmond, durham or atlanta where even in the places of biggest challenge the police are still finding ways to solve the crimes. if police can m arrests and murders in the rough side of town in atlanta, that raises a question about why the police are failing to do so in baltimore, chicago or new orleans. >ur> eporting is going to continue. where does it go next? >> we're going to look at additional questions, how do resources factor in, diving into rial disparities. one of our major findings is a white vicm is more likely to have their homicide result in arrest than a black victim.nt we'll coinue the research hrough the year. >> thank you for coming by. s for having mefu me.

>> woodruff: one consequence of beefinup security at the mexico border has been the splitting up of families. special correspondent angela kocherga reports from el paso. >> reporter: hundd ds people li in el paso near the border, just acrs from juarez, for the chance to see their relatives who were waiting on the other side in mexico. the family reunion was in middlo f the rio grande, which along this stretch of border is a d riverbed. ( mariachis playing the mood was festive and filled with anticipation. >> si, ya! r reporter: rosa barragan spotted her mothed other family members in the crowd standing on the mexican side of the border. she's here to introduce her six- week-old baby girl to them. ♪ ♪

>> reporter: after the u.s. and mexican anthems, and a blessing from priests from both countries, the moment they'd been wag for: >> reporter: the newest member o f the family met her grandmother, aunt, uncle and a three-month-old cousin. tn he two baby girls, boron opposite sides of the border, were the highlight of the beuarragan familyon. the "hugs not walls" event, organized by the border network for human rights in coordination rdwith the u.s. patrol. it briefly brings together relatives who do not have documents to cross back and

forth between the u.s. and mexico. about 300 families got the opportunity to embrace their loved ones. the people wearing red t-shirts are with the mexican federal otpolice, and there are af ofrder patrol agents keeping an onhe rio grande as wl. we were asked to wear blue shirts in order to identify that we're covering the event the u.s. side of the border. the families who are coming over from mexico: they're wearing white shirts. while the border patrol had a strong presence, they would not talk to us about the gathering. hugs not walls started in 2016, and requires permission from both u.s. and mexican authorities. this is the fifth event so far. hilda martinez came to hug her husband, a construction worker living in colorado before he was deported to mexico. she and their five children made a 12-hour trip to the border to s apendew minutes with him.

his wife said she never thoug she would enjoy a brief moment so much. each family had four minutes before the next group of relatives got their turn. martin portillo, a u.s. citizen, used the opportunity propose to his girlfriend, daisy arvizu, iern front ofelatives from mexico. he wanted her father's blessing. ( speaking spanish ) >> reporter: as their min es together dwindled, is dad asked h young son if he's become the man of the house. ( speaking spanish ) >> reporter: he then tried to comfort his little daughter with one last hug, before she heads home without him to colorado. on this spring day, for some separated families, the hard line that defines the borr seemed to blur briefly. for the pbs newsur, i'm angela

kocherga in el paso, texas. >> woodruff: and we wi be back shortly, but first, take a momt to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air. >> woodruff: for those stations staying wh us, economics orrespondent paul solman re-introduces us to a business and arts venture that is unique, to say the least. h here reprise report from santa fe new mexico. >> rerter: new mexico's economy tumbled head over heels during the crash of '08, and has pretty much frozen for the decade sincit hit bottom. >> so, this is the house of eternal return. >> reporter: return on investment? >> well, maybe. >> hello, welcome to house. >> reporter: and maybe even a small step towards the return of the new mexico economy, says

vince kadloobek: ssoo, it melted othing. >> yes. >> reporter: if, that is, this mystery funhouse filled with portals to other ti/space dimensions should realize its ambition of becoming the next big thing in immersive ntertainment, following the lead of the rain room at new york's museum of modern art, say, toronto's lost and found escape room, or the cr universe in singapore. >> it perfectly expresses the type of artwork that ilybecoming wildopular around the country. instead of walking up to a painting, you actually audiences walk inside of the painting. >> reporter: but here in santa fime, it's rsion, with a plot. opened in march of 2016, the house of eternal return is already a business sensation. it needed 125,000 paying customers at up to $20 a pop to break even on operating expenses inen year instead, it drew 400,000, taking in nearly $7 million, its profits alone coverit of the original investment.

>> we're in the closet. >> reporter: the paying visitors are the sleuths, scanning notes and diaries scattered amidst the heze... >> here's one ofortals, right through the fireplace. >> reporter: we're going through the fireplace. thank god i play tennis all the time. ...which leads to the skeleton of a musical mastodon. ♪ ♪ ut can this techno-netherworld really do anything to revive a state like new mexico, whose economy keeps losing its best and brightest to the coasts? well, here are jobs robots can't compete with: a hippie artist collective called meow wolf that became a biness, convinced "game of thrones" creator george r.r. martin to buy a defunct bowling alley and lease it to them, and converted it into, well-- something hard to describe, or sometimes, even to see. >> so this is the laser harp. and this is the sort of ethereal

zone that is between life and death. >> reporter: there's no map, no g.p.s., just room after room of you-figure-it-out fantasy. >> here's that aquarium you saw when you were inside the house. and now you're inside of it. >> reporter: this is like v iirtual reality, excepts actual reality. >> right. it's virtually actual reality. ♪ ♪ > i> reporter: thartwork designed and crafted by more than 150 artists, many of them myeillennials, like the 3- old c.e.o., who started off as an artist himself, switched tr. deal-ma >> i learned some basic business aspects, and i figured out what debt meant... >> reporter: did that come as a shock?ng >> it was amao me. lthike, i grew up thinkin debt was this big, evil thing. our it's like, you fall into debt, and you spend the rest of your life trying to get out of it, and stay away from debt. and when i realized what debt actually was, that somebody was willing lend me money to

build something incredible, that would end up paying them back plus a little bit of a return, and i crunched the numbers, i was like, "oh, yeah, this makes total sense." >> take me to the galactic center, whoo! >> reporter: so they borrowed $1.5 million, have created about 200 jobs so far, and promised more than double that in the next three years. so what does an artist make here? >> we have an entry-level, just-graduated from high school, 19-year-old artist who's making $50,000 with full healthcare benefits. and then we have fabricators and designers making upwards to $70,000 or $80,000 salary, with full benefits. >> reporter: which is double that if it were in a major urban area, right? i mean, because of costs here? >> i would say that these wages, $0 70,000 to $80, santa fe, are some of the sweetest that you'll find, yeah. >> reporter: plus stock in the ceoompanyw wolf has become. with re jobs opening up in a

newly-acquired former caterpillar assembly ant, for example, to create future exhibits. finally, there's the gift shop, featuring predictable items, and not-so-predictable, like the experience tube. john feins, meow wolf marketing director: >> it is a chance for people toe actually talk h other, the original social media, no distractions, no cell phones, just two people. >> reporter: add up all the revenues, says the c.e.o., and... >> we've discovered a business model that is 50%-60% net profit. >> reporter: if you take in $10 million, you're earning?on >> five to sixop of it. after all expenses. >> reporter: so who's the lucky investor who get the payoff? >> we are withholding o profits, we are reinvesting them, so that we can bud something like this three or four times the size in major ities around the country. >> reporter: so i put the question to a pair of visiting out-of-towners: would it work in san diego? >> i think it would. >> reporter: and athens?

>> i think it would work in athens, yes, or atlanta, yes, i think. >> reporter: and whilt meow wolf isactly amazon, looking to locate a second headquarters, kadlubek says he's reived some sweet offers. >> we had other cities around the country knocking on the door and saying, "not only build one of these in our city, but we want your entire company to move." po>> er: the house of eternal return's dark story ends iinn the "iy spa," where the c.e.o. summed up the mission. ro break down some paradigms, you know, bust h some new dimensions, and into a whole different way of thinking about atat the state can be and economy can be in the state. >: > reportmersive art as toonomic engine, "breaking down some paradigms" create jobs. okay, a few hundred are a drop in the bu but, hey, think cirque de soleil or disney. they too started out small and weird, which is what provoked me to sign off thistory from inside my favorite item in the gift store. for the pbs newshour, this

is economics correspondent paul lman, reporting from meow wolf's experience tube in santa fe, new mexico. >> woodruff: a northern virginia staup is using new technology, and a sense of humor, to care for the elderly. newshour's teresa carey went to fairfax, virginia to meet rudy the robot. >> reporter: olga robertson has lived in her house for 57 years. with a large italian family, including two daughters andro grandkidsrtson's home has a lot of memories. >> i'm here by myself most of the time, but i feel comfortable here. t's why i don't want to into a home or anything. >> reporter: but, despite being a spry 88-year-old, robertson has an in-home caregiver who visits every day. >> she helped me do a lot of things.

she'll take me places like to my doctor's appointments. she even does word puzzles th me. >> report: in march, to upplement her home care assistant, robertson was given the opportunityro try rudy, a obot designed by anthony nunez, c.e.o. and founder of i.n.f. robotics, a northern virginia sta-up. nunez hopes rudy will help prolong seniors' independence. he built in features where caregivers, emergency ecsponders, or family can k in remotely through a skype-like interface, and steer rudy through the home to search for the senior. and, as with any technology, there is a learning curve. nunez created rudy because of what he witnessed growing up. >> my grandmother fl down when he lived alone up in rhode island, and ended up losing her independence. s eed up moving into my home, and as a teenager, i watched my mom take care of her. and i saw both sides of it at an e

i wanted to do something about it, because i know that situation is not uncommon. >> reporter: but nunez, anddyis creation have a sense of humor. rudcan tell jokes, play games, and even dance the jitterbug. b, ut for robertse best feature is companionship. >> you can talk to hiday and he responds to you. it wagood to have somebody to have a conversation with. let's putt that way. > reporter: a brigham young university study showed that when it comes tthe impact on lifespan, loneliness is equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. other robots, such as paro robot pets, or elliq, are similar to rudy, providing companionship or relaying information between seniors and their caregivers. cliff glier, c.e.o. of sencura, a non-medical homecare agency, is one of the early adopters of rudy.

>> for older adults that live alone, having a robot overnight is less expensive than having a real caregiver stay awake and sit by their bedside. >> reporter: at $100 per day, glier offers rudy in conjunction with his homecare services, using rudy to check in on seniors through veo chat. >> we here at the office will check in to the home, up to hree times a day, and make sure urerything is okay. have you taken edications? have you gotten up and walked arod? we're checking in without having drive over and send a caregiver in to ask those basic questions. >> reporter: some evidence suggests that nothing replaces the human touch, but because recent generatis are having fewer children, there could be a shortage of people who will be available to care for the

growing senior population. with four prototypes in use in the washington, d.c. area, and more on back order in k, san diego and boston, rudy is an exale of how robots could become a part of caring for seniors. for the pbs newshour i'm teresa carey in fairfax, virginia. >> woodruff: thank you teresa. what a great idea. and that is the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular understands that not everyone needs an unlimited wireless plan. our u.s.-based customer service reps can help you choose a plan based on how much you use your more, nothing less. to learn more, go to ctvonsumercellula >> financial services firm raymond james. >> leidos.

>> and with the ongoing suprt of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ca inewshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ >> you are beginning a journey omfollowing a river of 1500 miles through a land of amazements that hasca the granon at its heart. ♪ >> the journey launches overth the headwaters orivers that have carved these canyons. ♪ >> winging over castle valley, utah, we're actually hundreds nyof miles north of grand national park itself. ♪ >> therand canyon's creation