newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. m judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, an historic moment: president trump meets with north korea's leader kim jong un. we're on the ground in singapore as landmlks between the u.s. and north korea take place. then, a deepening divide-- the fallout after an unsettled g-7 summit leaves president trump at llodds with key american aies. and we begin our series "the end of aids: f from over" by oking at the epidemic in russia. how the country's respse to drug addiction icontributing to the virus' spread. we've seen really since 2010, the epidemic in russia getting significantle every year, by almost 10% per year.

and hopefully things are going to start getting better very, very quickly, rather than continuing to get worse. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular understryds that not ee needs an unlimited wireless plan. our u.s.-based customer service reps can help you choose a plan based on how much you use your phone, nothingssore, nothing to learn more, go to consumercellular.tv >> supporting science, technology, for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better woled. at www.hew.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for nsblic broadcasting. and by contributo your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the moment has arrived: president trumpnd kim jong un are meeting in singapore. mr. trump left his hotel a short time ago in a motorcade headed to the summit site on senta island, a resort off singapore's coast. and in one of the many choreographed moments of this

event, kim also departed his hotel under tight security and has arrived for the historic eting. tiit is the first time a s u.s. president has been face-to- face with a leader of north korea. foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin is there with a newshour team and joins me now. the word peace, and this ile where the twers will be holding this historic meeting as we were saying our foreign affairs corresondent nick schifrin is not far away he is in singapore keeping an eye on all of this. nick, they pretty much tried to keep to schedule. so for the made arrived when they said they did we're waiting for the two men to come out and shake hands. >> schifrin: yeah, absolutely. they are right on schedule. we will see rather intimate handshake, we predict just in

the next few minutes. we just got off the phone with a senior administration official who is predicting that this meeting will be well. and it will just be a start. this is another example of lowering expectatis about the product of this meeting, the administration official telling -- >> woodruff: we're going to watch -- i'm going to interrupt as we watch the two leaders shaking hands for the first standing in front of the row of american and north korean flags. speaking to each other then turning to face the cameras, a smoup of cameras, reporters and others in what we call a pool representing the entire press corps. now the president is gesturing they're walking off to the side. nick,that was relatively brief. they had a few words to stay to one another from what we could see i would gue lasted no more

than 10-15 seconds before city rned to the cameras and gesturing and walked away. in schifrin: yeah. i cordial is probably the best way to do that that the president tapping kim jong un's shoulder leading him orleading him toward the meeting that they're going to have right now. this is what is going to happen over the next couple of hours. the two men will meet by themselves with only translator about 45 minutes or so. although that space is up to them. they can go longer if they want. then there will be a further meeting, expanded bilateral meeting, that will include john bowl ten among other people, mike pompeo who has been leading these negotiations that will willing for hour and a half then workingunch that will expand both teams. as i was saying before, administration official that i was talking to right before the start lowering expectons to the point where he's admitting that actually what will happen from this meeting is a cordial

one, this they will not know how far kim or the north kor willing to go. all they want at thoiis is an opportunity for the president to get to know kim, t andn the hard work will happen, the two staffs will get together over the nextfew months and figure out whether kim jong un really is serio about denuclearization which is the key question. it's interesting to he senior administration official saying even if this meeting goes well they won't know how seeous they will about denuclearization. >> woodruff: they seem to be lowering expectation, they don't expect big breaks for this first meeting theyt it to be opening. efck, i was watching the two men in that b period where they were walking along making their way into the room where they will be meeting. they weren't chatting. we'reha toldkim jong un speaks english, so perhaps he understood what the president was saying to h,e know there were interpreters right behind

them but that's one of the main estions people will have. we are looking right now at a picture, i don't know if we can show it or not of photographers and reporters trying to get a picture, tryi to get a sense of what it looks like in the room where the two men are meeting. ich is familiar to all of who have covered these summits, these meetings, bilateral meetings between two leaders.of so somhis is very familiar in a way, nick, but on the other hand it's historic, never before has a sitting american president met with the north korean leader. schifrin: absolutely. i think that is a key point.25 ears of diplomacy has led to this day most of thiplomacy almost all of it in fact was done by the staff, done by he two sides. and so what donald trump what the president has done is flipped the switch basically and said i want to go first. i want to decide whether kim jong un is serious, i wan to decide whether this is someone that we can deal with and

president of course wants to have this in the room he'd know in theco first few ss that would be the start of the process, not what i normal which is the end of the process this kind of summit. and so again, this summit, if it goes well will only produce a relationship between the two men and will produce the opportunity for the two staff son eitheride to figure out on the american side how serious north korea is about denuclearization and on the north korean side how seriited states is about nd perhapsuarantees a lifting some of the sanctions. >> woodruff: here they are together, let's listen. >> we will have a terrific relationship, i have no doubt. [ inaudible ]

>> thank you very much, everybody. thank you. thank you very muc >>oodruff: sounded like kim jong un, said we're looking forward to a meeting he ma have said a terrific meeting, i was having hard time hearing then kim jong un say, among other thing we hope to overcome mpstacles and president t responded right away, that's true.

so, they're already beginning a dialogue, if you will, nick, before they get into this meeting which we think could last 45 minutes, an hou longer. >> schifrin: a few pnts, what is extraordinary that kim jong un agreed to that setting, to a live, camera with the president of the united states and basically being willing to perhaps even ask questions from the pool that's right there. this is a leader who leads one of the most notoriously restrictive human rights violating regime so he has never done thi before. no one in north korean ever faced live camera like this before. number one. l. number two, the mood is a meeting is positive at the very least we know to both of them one trying to go into their meetin positive note, trying to reassure each other and trying to gure out whether they can work together and they seem both to want to. >> woodruff: just quickly, nick, guess the u.s. side has said that they don't plan to

brin human rights during this meeting. is that your understanding and second of all,arly word that they both plan, at least plan for them to leave singapore within hours after this meeting ends. >> schifrin: on human rights, the senior adminiscitration of tells me is that it is up to the president. the president, quote, calls a lot of audibles as he sees fit. for the president has been very concerned, for example, that the family of the person who was killed in north korea but also will not bring it up if he doesn't want to. and that's the key is, really is, up to theresident at this point. in terms of when they leave, they are scheduled toeave bot of them in the next few hours, but they could also extend if they want. >> woodruff: nick schifrin, reporting on this historic summit for us fromga sore, nick will be coming back to you later this evening. thank you. in the day's other news, shortly

hfore his meeting with no korea's kim jong un, the president tweeted that his chief economic adviser had suffered a heart attack. he said larry kudlow has been ing hard on trade and is being treated at walter reed medical center, just outside washington, d.c. president trbreak with leaders of the countries that are the united states closest allies shows no sign of healing. he fired off new attacks today against canada and germany over trade. this, as the european union defended the g-7's joint statement from a weekendummit. a statement mr. trump has disavowed. we'll have a full report, later in the program. the united states will no longer grant asylum to victims of domestic abuse or gang violence in most cases. attorney general jeff sessions' decision today reverses a 2014 policy. he said that the policy has been applied too broadly, and that, "the asylum statute does not redress for all misfortune."

a ship carrying 629 migrants remained stranded in the terranean sea for a second day as italy and malta refused spain offered to receive the rescue ship "aquarius," but it was not clear the vessel could make the 750-mile journey to reach its port. humanitarian groans warned the will run out of food tonight, but italy's new prime minister called for other countries to do their part. >> ( translat): now the news has arrived that spain will welcome the aquarius. we had asked for aesture of solidarity from europe, we had asked europe to take charge of the immigration emergency and not leave us alone as it happened in these past years. so i can only thank the spanish authorities for having acct.ted our requ >> woodruff: the new italian government won o campaign message that the rest of europe has left italy to deal owith thousands of migran its own. in yemen there's word that me

than 600 people have died in days of heavy fighting between government forces and shiite rebels. troops backed by saudi arabia are advancing on the red sea port of hodeida, now held by the rebels. most of the country's food and aid enters through the port. pope fra today of catholic church leaders in chile over a sexual abuse scandal. he accepted the resignations of three bishops, including juan barros, who's accused of ignoring the abuse of children by a priest. church leaders and laypeople in chile said they welcome the move. >> ( translated e can't rule out that there could be new measures from the pope himself. what he has highlightehat measures from the vatican are insufficient. that we break away fat culture of elitism, from that culture of collaboration in so we are able to offer guarantees that children and youngsters are being cared for and treated with respect. >> woodruff: theinitially

defended barros, but has since acknowledged "grave errors i judgment." back in this country, e u.s. supreme court has sided with states that purge voter rolls of people who fail to vote for long periods. today's 5-4 deciseon came in a rom ohio. several other states have similar laws. democrats say the statutes disenfranchise minorit.s and the po republicans argue they protect against voter fraud. fire crews in southwestern colorado a struggling to contain a wildfire that's charred more than 22,000 acres-- nearly the size of e sney world. nd-fanned flames more than doubled in size over the weekend, sweeping through mountain ranges and forcing evacuations of more than 2,000 homes. on wall street today, the dow jones industrial average gained five points to close at 25,322. the nasdaq rose 14 points, and the s-and-p 500 added three. and, the drama world's biggest

night could be a big boost for a small-scale sh. "the band's visit" won for best musical last night, as well as best actor and actress, taking ten awards overall. "harry potter and the cursed ngild" won best play. tulations. still to come on the "newshour," why previous attempts to negotiate with north korea have oufailed. fafrom the g-7 summit, wheres e th u.s. allies. the end of aids-- obal fight against the hiv epidemic. and much more. >> woodruff: we return now to the historicummit in singapore between president trump and north korea's m jong-un. the road that's led to this meeting has been long and dangerous, littered with fraught diplomacy, broken agreements, and threats of war. but as nick schifrin reports,

again from singapore, mr. trump has expressed hope that he can solve a problem that has bedeviled four american presidents. >> 25 years ago north korean leader kim jung il, the father, made a critical decision, his country was desperately poor and suffered malnourishment and famine but he built a nuclear program to guarantee his regime security. he threatened to kick out inspectors. and in response president clinton drafted plans for war. >> it is pointless for them to try to develop nuclear weapons because if they ever used them it would be the end of their country. >> the intelligence community tosessed in 1994 that if these re were completed, the north koreans would probably have enough plutonium and enough time to produce about a hundred nuclear weapons. so the idea here was don'tet that happen. >> in 1994 a beardless robert galucci tried to dif it

diplomatically by flirting with north koreans who were a little rough around the edges. >> they had ill fitting suits. he would pound the table. >> but after 17 months, the u.s. and north korea signed the agreed framework. north rea promised to smantle its reactors. the u.s. promised to replace them with reactors more suitable for power than bombs and pursue normalization for the democratic people's republic of korea. >> the framework documents when it is implemented should resolve the outstanding issue over the nuclear program. >> relations peaked in 2,000 when madeleine albright visited pyongyang and top north korean military officer visited washington but u.s. weomised replacement reactors whic supposed to fill this pit, were never finished and the u.s. never offered the nor koreans normalization. >> they complete negotiation

and they mean by that both the ct that we didn't finish our reactors but i think more poorly tiat we never normalized relaons. >> but the north koreans also broke promises. they began creating a second uranium pass bomb centrifuges similar to these which caused critics to say north korea neder intended to clearize and the u.s. never understand. >> the framework came out of the diplomatic process which ended up with north korea cheating and continuing to develop new and more dangerous weapons, that std agttern. and thed framework was the firs time we held this football from lucy like charlie brown. >> mike green helped negiate with the north koreans for a bush administration that scaled back on promised aid for in the korea. in response noh korea reactivated its plutonium reactor. the bush administration made threats. >> states like these and terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil with. >> but the u.s. turned to

russia, china, south korea and japan for six party diplomacy. the u.s. again promised to replace nuclearization, andre north again promised to abandon its program and again u.s. expressed confidence. >> it is a very important moment in their history to make this turn. and to turn away from these sorts of weapons. >> but north korea did not turn awayrom nuclear weapons. >> in 2006 north korean tv tnounced in a massive crowd celebrat country's first nuclear tests. >> north koreans were not onepared to give up nuclear weap these apons are just too essential for their survival. >> which is why most analysts believe north korea continued to test despite international sanctions that targeted all of north korea's exports. >> president obama. >>ike its predecessor president obama also used threats. >> we will not hesmiate to use outary might to defend our allies and o way of life. >> and tried out diplomacy in

fits and starts. >> but by 2017 north korea tested an intercontinental ldballistic missile that c reach the east coast of the u.s. and showed off what it called thermonuclear bomb by then kim jung-un had replaced his father, killed his own uncle to consolidate power. and by then donald trump was llesident. both were g to threaten war. >> they will be met with fire and fury like the world has atver seen. >> ( tran ): the entire united states is within range of our nuclear weapons. and a nuclear button is always on my desk. >> rocket man is on a suicide mission for himself. and for his regime. >> the administration believes that rhetorical pressure combined with unprecedented sanctions that targeted north rea's oil and coal exports forced kim jung-un to negotiate.

but north korea chose to angotiate says wendy sherman. >> i think theions helped. i think though the fntal reason that kim jung-un is coming to the table is because has his nuclear weapons he has a delivery system to deliver those nuclear weapons. he's gotten what he ne he wanted to get the recognition and the dignity a meeting with the president of the united states. >> and it is that dignity th this summit provides. >> by agreeing to the summit, essentially who conditions, the kpresident has handed norea two of its major objectives. number one, de-facto recognition of nuclear weapon state, kim jung-un is having summits with everybody. and number two, the sanctions pressures off. this summit has given the chinese an alibi to back off on their economic pressure and 90% of north korea shall it. >> senior administration officials describe the summit as a kind of smell test. to see whether they can avoid etking the mistakes of the past

and r kim jung-un is more willing to denuclearize. in singapore, kim jung-un could go further than previous negotiating teams but many analysts are skeptical. >> the north koreans usually come into these talks pre-scripted and don't have the permission to do anything other than read their talking points. that will be different for donald trump because it is the supreme leader himself. okim jung-un will be free ad-lib and say things that are probably pretty clever. s lived abroad. he speglish and french so he will find ways hi charm, offeorical breakthroughs that are in fact not br.skthroughs. >>officials admit they went into the summit not knowing r kim jung-un is here to buy time or invest in a new future. >> i melf think it's very hard, some place between very hard and impossible to know without testing. i say negotiations are a method i testing. singapore they will consider lifting sanctions and offer security guarants in exchange for denuclear

the two sides will also discussion ending the koean war that devastating peninsula that was never officially ended. >> we all want the president to succeed. it is in our national security interests that he succeed. so take a deep breath, get started, have a good first summit, open the door but then know to really open that door, to have the victory lap the president is looking for, is going to take a considerable amount of time, attention to detail, and patience. >> in recent weeks president trump has tried to find that patience and reduced expectations but with so much on the line, after so much history, the president is hoping to make some of his own. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin in singapore. >> woodruff: there's new fallout inday from the g-7 gathering in quebec that endeancor

between president trump anie close u.s. a lisa desjardins begins our coverage. >>de need to avoid a contin tit-for-tat escalation. >> reporr: an unusually blunt assessment today from british prime ministerheresa may after this weekend's tense g-7 summit. >> this was a difficult summit with, at times, some very candid diussions. ( laughs ) but the conclusion i draw is that it's only through continued dialogue that we can find ways to work together to resolve the challenges we face. >> reporter: topping those challenges at the moment is the split between president trump and his g-7 counterparts over u.s. tariffs on steel and aluminum. some of his harshest words were aimed at justin trudeau, the canadian prime minister who criticized the u.s. tariffs on saturday, after mr. trump left the summit early to head to singapore. >> it's kind of insulting. it would be with regret, but it would be with absolute certainty

and firmness that we move forward with retaliatory measures on july 1, applying equivalent tariffs to the ones at the americans have unjustly applied to us. >> reporter: in short order, g esident trump tweeted he was withdrawom the g-7's joint statement on trade, and he blasted trudeau as "dishonest". on sunday, white house trade adviser peter navarro stepped up the attack. >> there's a special place in hell for any foreign leader that maengages in bad faith dip o th president donald j. trump, and then triesab him in the back on the way out the oror. >> rr: at risk is a key relationship on both sides. canada is the united states' largest export market erall. it's also the largest market for american agricultural goods. since the north american free trade agreement went into effect in 1994, exports to canada have soared 181%, while imports from

canada have increased 170%. last night, republican senator susan collins of maine came to canada's defense, tweeting, "we've had differences with canada over the years, nevertheless, canada remains our close ally, good friend, & one of america's biggest trading partners." democratic senator dianne feinstein of california said the sy7 agreement is more than olic. >> i understand the president was upset. the presiden that. have said but to walk away from our allies in this way, i think, is a mistake. >> reporter: even so, from singapore today, mr. trump fired off a nebarrage of tweets. one lobbed at canada proclaimed, iair trade is now to be called fool trade if not reciprocal." in another, he charged, "why should i, as president of e united states, allow countries to continue to make massive trade surpluses whilorour farmers,rs & taxpayers have such a big and unfair price

to pay?" secretary of state mike pompeo aimed to play down the strains. >> there are always irritants in relationships. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, i'm sa desjardins. >> woodruff: we getwo views now on this recent confrontation with the u.s. and its allies and begin with the white house perspective. marc short is the dictor of legislative affairs for the rc short, welcome back to the program. >> thanks for having me. >> was this the president's intension the summit end as it did. re i don't think. so the i think thedent after the summit said his relationship with the members was on a scale 0-10 a ten. he also commented that our ertimate goal here is lower all trade barriers so would be no more barriers and no mortarrives. i think what is unfortunate feeling like they had a good summit, the president was headed to an incredibly iernational summit with the north korean dictator and after he was the prime minister of canada decided to make the comments he did. that is what was frustrate together team.

>> woodruff: even the president's allies, tiends are saying there is no plan ore for free trade. that what we are hearing right now from the administration is uat the u.s. needs to get its trade barriebecause it doesn't feel it's being dealt with fairly by other countries. my question es why did the ent have to be so personal with prime minister trudeau. ofthe criticism, even toda canada and even of germany and the otheallies, these are america's allies. >> they are. and theyave been historically strong allies and continue, will be continuing. but i think ju, the president looks to this and says if negotiations on nafthad not gone sufficiently successfully with canada, there continues to be a lot of disagreement about the imposition of things. we're looking to level the playing field. so the president has grown frustrated with the ways of canada and i think he's n'ustrated as well that we hamade more progress in lowering the barriers barriers so more american good kbs exported to canada. >> one of the things for example n e president has focused on

again and ag dairy, the dairy sales area. we looked at this today. dairy right now makes up only as i understand it 2/10 of 1 percent of the overall value of goods that are exported to canada. so why the fixation on that? why not look at the larger picture, the larger onlationship. >> one of the reis 2/10 of 1 percent is because quan dame poses tariffs that range from 250% and 300% on cheese, butter and milk. what we are saying is lower the tariffs so we can export dairy goods to canada. our agriculture community has a onship with canada but i could be stronger. we could be exporting more, that is whathe president is etding for, for more access for our goods and se. >> woodruff: let me quote something that senator john mccain said. i'm sure you are familiar with it. r today said, he said to allies americans are pro free trade. we are supporters of these alliances that are based on 70 years of shared values.

we stand with you, even if our prident doesn't. >> i think that the president again is trying to get the free s.ade, he supported these relationsh we wish john mccain well but i think the president is continue to advocate for things. he campaigd on a promise that he was going to deliver for the workers of america it is why he won so many of the mid western states and what is he delivering on. >> let me quote from the "the wall street journal" editorialnd page, a frf this president, of other conservatives editorializing today that disruption isn't enough, it says, it went on to say the president needs to come up with a trade strategy which they don't see. they say they don't think the president is serious about s lking about zero tariffs. so thiagain is a friend of the president looking at what has happened and saying they don't get it. >> there are aot of people who ve questioned the president's ability to deliver. it is why we have the lowest unemployment in 50 year, lowest rier for hispanic american, n-americans, lowest unemployment claims in 44 years,

the it is largest surplus on record in april. cte president has the economy going the right din. there are a lot of skeptics who said he couldn't do that. he said we wouldn't see the 3% gdp growth. we he awmplegged it even bet question his trade policy, the president i ink deserves our ability to say you have delivered for us on the economy. you deserve the verage to negotiate better dealsecause he feels like for 70 years to the point john mccain is making for seven years, in many cases we provide a lot of things to our partners overseas and as far asheir national security a taking advantage us on trade. >> woodruff: marc short, white house director of legislative affairs, thank you. >> thanks for havi me. >> woodruff: and let's hear another voice now about the president's trade policy and moves toward u.s. allies, ian bremmer closely follows this as the founder of political risk consult ansi, the eurasia group. ian bremmer welcome to the program. , think you just heard what marc short had to sat this is a president who came into office

saying the u.s. is going to be dealt with fairly by its adversars and by its allies. so if that is the case, why isn't what the president is doing what everybody, what he said he was going to do? >> i think on this count it actually is. it's true that the establishment ra the republican party as well as the demc party supports free trade. ump certainly didn't spe in that direction. he said american companies aren't particularly patriotic. t taking jobs overseas. he wanted to brim back. and he also said that he thought that other countries were treating america unfairly. so the tariffs he's talke g about and etty hard line he's taking is clearly popular for hibase. we saw lindseyraham and john mccain both talk about just today the fact that they support free trade and open borders and open markets but that believe perhaps the majority of the american people do not. and trump islaying on that division very directly today. lo and what about, we heard marc

short sa, dairy may be a small percentage, a small, just a small portion of overall trade but it's really hurting american dairy interests. american dairy farmers and dairy producers, so why isn't it appropriate for the president to say look, canada, if are you going to impose these enmous 270 percent tariffs on us, we're going to turn around and punish you. >> well, to mix the metaphor, judy, he is really jerry picking, right. the united states has tariffs of about 200 percent on canadian sour cream that comes in. so they may be tough on milk but we bri tariffs. to our dairy shell of the and unshelfed peanut incredibly high tairs the u.s., peanuts incredibly e gh tariffs. we hdustries we happen to support, special interests. the canadians have theins. if we had the transpacific 3eu7 we probably would have lost some manufacturing jobs overseas but ould have had much more access in terms of agriculture.

trump had no interest in that. the broader issue here is not about dairy. the broader issue is that trump has very little interest in a multateral institutions and architecture and doesn't have a very good relationship with u.s. inlies. the i found most unnerving with marc's interview with you is when he started off by reiterating that trp said his relationship on a scale of 1 to 10 with the u.s. allies in the g-7 is a ten. i've spoken directly with alof those allies. none of them would come close to thatssessment, right. the u.s. relationship with those countries is okayish. trump's personal relationship is o.tually closer to a z and he did everything he could to tell those allies individually and collectively that they do not matter to him in canada this weekend. >> woodruff: another point i didn't get a chance to bring up with marcor short but the present is tweet being it today and that is what these allies are contributing to nato. he continues to point out the

u.s. pays the lion share. he said th pays the vast majority of what goes into nato. the countries that are nefiting from that are paying just a very small percentage. doesn't the president have at poout that. ue yeah, that's one of the herongerions for to you give marc becausbsolutely has a point there. the germans are spenlding about 1.2 percent of their gdp on enfense right now. the americans 3.5 percent. all of the allies commit to 2 percent of gdp for nato defense. most of them are not cutting it. has been an issue under obama, an issue under bush. while many are starting to spend more like the polish government for example, concerned about the russians, closer to eir border, most are not, the germans have been talking about it for a long time. there is some free riding going on there. but let's keep in mind that if you are an american ally sitting in canada, trump comes in, he says he doesn't even want to show up to his allies the day before, he shows up late, he

cancels his bilateral meeting with the french president literally hours before, he leaves early, he shows complete indifference to most of the talks going on. de's already left the iranian , the paris climate accord, the transpacific partnership. he's taking a unilateral decision on jerusalem. literally people say trump is a ovider. but in tertrump's allies, he is a uniter. e one has done more to bring thuntries together against the united states and that's unfortunately just a reality. >> ian bremmer of the eurasia group, we thank you. >> woodruff: stay with us. coming up on the "newshour," the political stakes of a supreme court decision on purging voter rolls. and the argument for traveling alone.

but first, we return tonight to our ongoing ok on the global fight against h.i.v.-aids, produced in partnership with the pulitzer cente william brangham begins a new, five part series, and he's here tonight. william, this is a follow-up to last year's series about aid what's the focus of this project? >> reporter: judy, last year, looked at places that were starting to turn the tide against h.i.v., places that gave researchers hope that ending aids might be possible. this year, we wanted to look at places where the challenges are still enormous-- producer son kane and i, working again with n cohen of "science magazine"- - went to three very different locations-- russia, nigeria, and florida-- these are places where the fight against h.i.v. is not going so well. tonight, we start in russia, where some proven strategies to stop the spread of h.i.v. are being ignored and shut down. welcome to the last needle exchange program in the city of zan, russia.

v.at they do here is textbook h.revention. free, clean needles for those who need them. h.i.v. tests so people know if ey're infected and can g treatment right away. for those who can't make it to the center, counselors like marcel zaripov will come to them. this father, vyacheslav ignatenko, shoots drugs several times a day. he's alsh.i.v. positive. injection drug use has been the main driver of rusa's epidemic. in some cities today, a staggering 30% of people who inject drugs are also h.i.v. positive. but, because ignatenko gets these regular visits, he's taking his h.i.v. medication, his virus is suppressed, and so he's likely not infecting anyone else. >> ( translated ): h.i.v. is already too big an epidemic, yeah? and i want people who use drugs to have the thin they need: needles, condoms, and for the disease to not spread.

that's what i think about. >> braham: these proven techniques helped this city of 1.2-million keep a growing h.i.v. epidemic largely at bay. new infections among people who inject drugs here dropped from 1000 a year in 2001, to just 150 buveral years later. these kinds of efforts are increasingly rare in russia. the government passed a law in 2012 branding many groups that do this kind of work as "foreign s ents" because they take donationom abroad. o at's widely understood tan "spy" or "traitor." many closed down as a result. even this prograis in jeopardy. >> ( beanslated ): there wil no money to pay for the services you visited today. amaybe it will survive fo couple of months, maybe 2-3 months, but then it will cease to exist. >> reporr: larissa badrieva is an epidemiologist who helps run these programs. recently, the ssian government also stopped taking money from "the global fund," which is the world's largest dono

government and private sector money into h.i.v./aids progrs. and despite promises to the contrary, the government has not filled the gap. >> ( translated ): well, we've been waiting for a long time for this funding to stop. honestly, we've done everything we could in this situation. but if there are no l changes in the drug scene, we'll see a gradual increase in h.i.v. infections in all groups >> brangham: russia now has the fastest growing h.i.v. epidemi in eastern europe and central asia. over 80% of new infections in the region occur here. it's one of the few places in the world where the epidemic continues to get dramatically worse. of the estimated one million russians who are infected, only a third are getting antiretroviral treatment. >> i would say, in short, they, they did it all wrong. >> brangham: mhel kazatchkine was head of the global fund from 2007 to 2012. al russia's economy grew, russian officis told the fund

they didn't need any more help.e >> and they beefensive, and, and said, "okay, we will do nthings ourselves now, fr." so, they said, "first we don't want the global fund anymore. wean manage ourselves. we will set up our own strategy?" uh, and that's where they basically closed everything. >> brangham: kazatchkine is now the u.n. secretary general's special envoy for h.i.s in this region. isited a gay film festiv with him in st. petersburg. gay and bisexual men are anoth key driver of h.i.v., and another population kazatchkine ruys russia is ignoring he says ssia's rejection of so many proven prevention strategies is partly why 20-30- thousand people are dying of aids in russia every year. >> i just cannot accept that there has been so many missed opportunities. and, until they, they really scale up, it is, is this time

ind that will translate into many more new case the years to come and many more deaths. >> reporter: in some cases, even well-intentioned efforts can weve the opposite effect. raveled over 1,300 miles erst to the city yekaterinburg, one infamous anti-drug campaign epitomized what many say is the exact wrong way to address h.i.v. >> ( translated ): i am one of the many who decided to revolt and rise up againsdrug use in our country. zm>> brangham: yevgeny roian is one of the most influential voices in this city. rs's been mayor for five y he just stepped down last month. in the rlm of russian politics, roizman would be considered a liberal-- he's a vocal cric of vladimir putin, and he urgedoters to boycott the last election. despite his vast collection of religious iconography, roizman's also pushed back against his country's religious and cultural conservatism. he very publicly took an h.i.v. test to show how easy it is.

but roizman came to prominence in the early 2000s, running a vigilante-style anti-drug campaignalled "city without drugs" this abc australia documentary shows how it worked: nighttime raids where men grabbed drug users and carted them off to other sites. there, they'd be handcuffed to beds as they went through withdrawal. roizman tsa city's drug crisis at the time called for a strong response. d ( translated ): when we stope drug trade, the parents started to bring us many drug addicts-- 30, 40, 50 people a day, on chains, on a rope, in the trunk, half-rotten. nge moms and dads were wee down on their knees and begging "please do whatever you want-- just save them >> brangham: this h.i.v. positive man who wenugh the program says he was chained to a bed. there was no counseling.

didn't tackle his addiction until long after he was released. >> ( translated ): well, it might've helped some, but the majority at that time went backward >> brangham: methadone, and other opioid-substitution therapies, like at this center in the u.s., are outlawed in russia. the world health organization considers this proven addiion therapy an "essential tool" in the fight against h.i.v., because it can stabilize a drug users' life, move them away from injecting drugs, and help them also stay on h medication. but this woman, who also went through roizman's program, said not only did they get questionable addiction treatment, but one staffer threatened to reveal people's h.i.v. status. >> ( translated ): they would bring these doctors and take everybody's blood, and those who tested positive for h.i.v., they said they'd post online. with photographs and last names.

>> brangham: one of the public slogans of roizman'sam was" drug addicts are bastards"-- and while lawsuits alleging kidnapping and torture eventually forced the program to ose, roizman stands by his approach and says he did nothing wrong. he says thousands got over their addictions, and he believes the critics have it backwards. , ( translated ): the human rights activise abstract humanists said, "why are you talking like that about drug addicts-crooks? they are humans as well. they are people like you, but they are poor, unhappy, sick" my job was to ensure that childr do not use drugs, and their job was to see that those who use drugs were treated well by society. they're entirely different. >> everywhere i've been in the world where people inject drugs, the culture has reject that community. brangham: jon cohen has been covering h.i.v./aids for over 25 years for "science magazine," and he was our partner on this series. he says this harsh treatment of addiction-- not seeing it as an illness-- only fuels the spread

of h.v. >> the medical profession and the world health organization, eythe united nations has, e all concluded that it's an illness. >> brangham: that addiction is an illness. >> addiction's an illness. treat it like, these are not vermin! they're humans. they need help. and if you adopt that philosophy, you can stop the virus. on the other hand, if you treat these as just bad people, throw them in the trash, you're fueling your epidemic. >> brangham: so, what does addiction eatment look like elsewhere in russia? many are like this: small, in- tient centers where people go cold turkey and which follow something ose to the 12-step model. most government-funded programs offer a quick detox and then you're back ou >> look, we've tried everything else, we've tried rehab programs, we've tried cold turkey programs, anddohey certainlt work. and, so we need to do hesomething to try and get of the epidemic. >> brangham: vinay saldanha runs the u.n. aids office for eastern europe and central asia, based in moscow. >> we've sn really since 2010,

the epidemic in russia getting significantly woe every year, by almost 10% per year and hopefully things are going to start getting better very, very quickly, rather than continuing to get worse. >> brangham: but for now, russia's prevention efforts seem sparse. in moscow, these two volunteers from the small, grassroots andrey rylkov foundation are the only people outonight dispensing free, clean syringes. this, in a city of almost 12- million. this man asks for a bag to carry his needles home. "sorry," they say, "no money for bags." to he puts them in his pocket. they warn hie careful. it's all they can do. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham in moscow. >> woodruff: tomorrow night, we look at how russia's epidemic is government there is responding. you can see all our reporting

for this series "the end of aids -- far from over," on our urbsite. pbs.org/news >> woodruff: we turn back to one of the most consequetrips for a u.s. president in recent memory: a historic summit tonight half a world away, on the heels, as we heard earlier, of fallout from anher summit with u.s. allies. john yang begins there. >> jeff: judy, it's a topic for politics monday. to talk abut that and more, we're joined by amy walter, national editoof the "cook political report," and susan page, "usa today"'s washington bureau chief. susan, amy, thanks so much for joining us, as judy said, it is the tale of two siments this eck what end, sitting down tonight with one of the most long-standing adversaries of the united states, he met with some long-standing allies over the weekend, susan.

and it didn't seem to go so we. what do you think happened? >> it did not go well. you said iconic photograph that shows the president trump sitting surrounded by leaders, other leaders looking at him orth great-- it's like the thanksgiving family dinner ever, right? i mean these have been our allies for 70 years. it's been part of, since 1975 we have had the global economic system held together by these u., g8 meetings, and this was basically th role was blown up by president trump. k,esident trump is not interested, i thn having these alliances having the u.s. be the first among equals, the leader of them. instead we see the alliance ed and the united states standing basically alone. and yet is is exactly what then canadian trump said we do as president. o alone can fix this. we are not going things the way we used to. the system isn't working any more. whether they a alliances, whether it is our trading system t is not working, it's not

working for a bunch of people in this country you lech immediate to shake it upnd that is exactly what i am going to do i also think what is fas mating to see is the world that congress is or in this case inot playing, in issues like trade and potentially we'll see what comes out of north korea but if there is a final deal there, will congress get a say or will we be continuing what we saw a lot under the obama administration which is sort of an executive move, right, the executive makes policy whether it is tpp or paris, the climate accord, or the iran deal, that congress does not codsify. and so we have these policies that are in place for one esident, only for them to get overturned, potentially when the new president i mes in place. n't think that is a really great way to do policy. dod members of congress ca something and thus far they rtven't done anything. >> and that's f the back

drop as the president prepared and went into this meeting tonight. and he tweeted about it earlier. he said the fact that i am orhaving a meeting was a m loss for the u.s. say the haters and lors. we have our hostages, testing research and all missile launches have stopped and these pundits who have called me wrong from the beginni have nothing else they can say. we will be fine. well, pundit susan pag what-- what is the president doing here, do you think? >> well, i think the president is saying it a victory just to have the meeting and ihink a lot of americans would say better to have a meeting talking to an adversary than threatening one another with nuclear thapons. k a lot of american was agree with that. but you also want to look at what you get out of the meeting and what you gave up to hold the meeting. and the fact is for kim, this is also a big victory just to have the meeting. it is-- it makes his regime this terrible, brutal regime that has been an outlaw for is long, it

gives him legitimacy and standing that he didn't have before. and so that has been part of thh calculations is one of the reasons previous american presidents have refused to give him this prize. >> it is also interesting, i was looking through a poll that fox news came out with last week and they asked peoplwho approved of the president or disapproved r the president why it is, give me ymber one reason why you do that for people who m prove of the president, a quarter of tid not surprisingly t is because of the economy and jobs. and only 4% nod peace with north korea or foreign policy. for people who disapprove, again you will not be surprised t is his temperment t is hi have-- divisiveness, it gets to the heart of what is going on in both of what we are saying from that twe and what we saw at the g7 which is the things that his base likes to see, are exacy the things that people who already dislike him dislike really about. right. that is what they don't like about him. it is not the policy as much as

the way he is going about it. >> it is succeed or fail t is not going to make much difference to either of his supporters or haters. >> that's right. lr depending on what success s i think if youdy support this president, whatever he is doing you will find success in that if. if you don't like this president, unless there is something really dram thaik occurs it is not going to change your opinion. >> although i think with so much we found, with so much in the pation we donl know right away whether that thr is success or failure and there has been success the icelander siment, in 1986 that looked like a failure t was in fact productive in terms of u.s.-soviet relations but you look at jfk and crutch ef, th helped contribute to the cuban missile crisis. j wouldn't be able to make a sngement today, tomorrow, next week about the summit. >> i want to get to the sueme court decision today, they upheld ohio's laws for purging voter rolls, some of the strictest in the natio why is this such a political hot button. >>ecause it helpings

republicans and hurts democrats af is dping to dispropositionatelct young people, poor people, minorities ely to turn out to vote, less likely to respond maybe to a mail solitation t will encourage ohio, a swing state and other states to look at similar laws. >> and a reuters study found just that, places where thvote e es had been struck from the rolls there were m those in democratic leaning neighborhoods than in republican leaning neighborhoods and not surprisingly a lot of those were in neighborhoods that were poorer or heavily african-american. >> amy wall setter, susan page, weave to leave it there, thanks so much. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us on-line and again here tomofoow evening. all of us at the pbs on.our, thank you and see you >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financiate cy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. morenformation at macfound.o >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was madeco possible by thoration for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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