captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evwoing. i'm judruff. on the newshour tonit: a historic meeting with elaborate stagecraft, but with few details. ut breakdown the statement of president trump's summit with north koa's kim jong-un. and we get reaction fr two key senators on the foreign relations committee anformer state department officials. plus, the h.i.v. epidemic is reaching dangerous levels in russia. why some say the government will be forced to act if it doesn't do more on. >> something very bad should happen, after that, everybody will stand up and just go and do soething. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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life well-planned. learn more at raymonames.com. >> consumer cellular. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and foundations. druff: president trump a kim jong-un are now long gone from singapore, after a whirlwind summit that set lofty goals, but provided few details on how to achieve them. from singapore, foreign affairs late this afternoon, early morning in pyongyang, a north adrean news agency issued statements from kim. he said the summit had produced a "radical switch" in the relationship, and he called for practical measures to follow through on issues from an early fote. from singaporeign affairs correspondent nick schifrin

begins our coverage >> schifrin: for decades, the leader of one of the world's most isolated and repressive regimes has wanted this handshake, and with the u.s. and enrth korean flags side by side, prestrump greeted kim jong-un with the trappings of pomp and press teen and started a process e predicted would end decades of atomic antagonism. five months ago the two men taunted each other over the size of their nuclear arsenals.pr todaident trump predicted this was the start of a beautiful friendship. >> we will >> ( translated ): i believe this is a good prelude for peace. >> schifrin: after an expanded meeting with the two sides owner aides. ibd a working lunc of short r crispy pork and braised cod o. >>kay.

>> schifrin: the two signed at joinatement as president trump and kim jong-un said would transform their relationship. >> ( translated ): today we had an historic meeting and decided to leave the past behind. ni. a statement, the u.s. pledges security guarantees to dprk, the democraticeeps republicf korea. kim jong-un promise complete denucleari it is more of an outline than a roadmap. hout side pledges w specifics to establish new relation, seek peace, work toward complet denuclearization, and recover p.o.w.-m.i.a. remains from the korean war. >> the past does not ha to define the future. yesterday's conflict does not have'so be tomorrar. >> schifrin: for months the administration said ould demand the north koreanuclear program smantle completely, verifiably and irrersibly, but today's agreement does not require north korea to do

anything specific. today for the first time president trump admitted instnt denuclearization was impossle>>o complete denuclearization. it takes long time. >> schifrin: what president trump wants quickly, the end of joint u.s.-liuth korean tary exercises. the military has defined these as defensive, but president trump called them inappropriate and expensive war games. >> we fly in bombers from guam. 6.5 hours. that's a long time for these big, masve planes to be flying to south korea to practice and then drop bombs all over th place and tho back the guam. i know a lot about airplanesy it's v expensive. and i think it's very provocative. >> schifrin: after mr. trump spoke, the south korean military appeared surprised, releasing a statement that id, "we need to find out the exact meaning or intention behind his comments at ."is point but south korean president moon jae-in, whose diplomacy helped create the summit, was

supportive spoid his ssman. >> ( translated ): i congratulate and welcome this t success of the historic north korea-u.s. summit with a burning heart. >> schifrin: president trump described how he one day wanted to lift sanctio on long-time tiversary north korea, and he envisioned an istic future for north korea's tiny economy. >> as an example, they have great beaches. you see that whenever they're exploding their cannons into the ocean, right? i said, boy, look at that. wouldn't that make a great condo behind... i, plained, you know, instead of doing, that you could have the best hotels in the world right there. think of it from a real estate perspective. >> schifrin: president trump' positivity comes despite new york's listening and brutal human rights record. north korea is acced of starving its own people and creating widespread mall -- ma i fourtchment. -- malnourishment. president trump, who is twice kim's age, suggested his rapport with the dictator could overcome decades of mistrust. >> he is very talented.

anybody that takes over aio situlike he did at 26 years of age and iso able t run it and run it tough, i don't say he was nice, or ion't say anything about it, he ran it, very few people at that age, you can take one out of 10,000 probably couldn't do it. >> schifrin: kim has never been exposed to this kind of environment as norh korea's kim has never been exposed to this kind of environment as north korea's leader. mm one point, he said the felt so foreign, it was like a science fiction movie. but the fact is, judy, he leaves with very real achievements: the prestige of a meeting with the presiden and the freezing of u.s. military exercises. >> woodruff: so, nick, what about the joint agreement? is it fair to say the north loreans got what they wanted out of that, as >> schifrin: that's certainly what the analysts that rewith talking to are telling us. the north koreans did get what they want. this is critical, because this is about what ppens next. so when kim left north korea, the press releases that cameut ri the north korean media said

that therities were in this order, one, improve relations with the u.s., two, gain peace on the pins last, and three, and only three, denuclearization. that's the exact order from the joint statement, improve relation, peace on the pins last, and denuclearization. that's a flip from what the u.s. is usually willi to do. the u.s. usually says, henuclearization first, and then we can talk aboutother things. and so by allowing that flip, the u.s. effectively is accepting the north korean narrative that in order to achieve denuclearization, these other things need to happen at the same time or even before, and that's the question: will north korea insist that relations need to improve, that there teds to be peace peninsula before denuclearization? or can all of this happenn parallel, which is what the u.s. wants, and that will be difficult, judy, giv that this agreement has not a single shred of enforcent that's part of it. >> woodruff: well, speaking of that, nick, there has been some criticism of president trump, of

the u.s.ide for not getting enough out of the agreement. and pres sident trump st tweeting about that. >> schifrin: yeah, he sent a tweet just before wee went on air tonight. and he also answered a dozen questions from all of us today about this. and he defended himself. he said, lookall of you people who are writing that i gave up too much, that's wrong. and he listed his achievements, in his words, one, hostages that were released a few weeks ago are now in the u.s. two, the remains of wt he calls great hero, p.o.w.s, m.i.a.s are going to be oming home three, a nuclear test freeze, we haven't seen the test that ye saw las. and number four, the beginning of a relationship, and that was really the goal at the end of the day was lower expectations to achieve this relationship and start a process of the u.s. the flip of that, of course, is at the north korea achieved not tom prestige of meeting with the president, not only thisf freeze major military exercise, but also we're seeing

the erosithon of sanctions campaign, the erosion of the pressure on north korea, on the chinese-north korean border, on the russian-north korean borr. the pressure that the trump administration helped build is beginning to ease, and hat is another achievement that north korea gained from this summit. >> woodruff: and, so nick, quickly, on another note, we have seen, we re talking about a lot of pageantry at this summit, an you were just telli us, that extended to president trump's final news conference. >> schifn: yeah, we walked in and we saw on the tv screens this video, highly produced with narration, and it basically offechd kim oice, shake the hand of peace or slide back into more isolation. and the president said that he presented this videon an ipad to the north korean delegation, to try and convince him to sige joint agreement. uais ilys obvious slightly undiplomacy, and the question is whether this unusual diplomacy works. and the presint does like surprises. he also announced that the north koreans promised to elimite a

missile engine testing site, and it just shows, judy, thathe style of surprise is part of the substance of how the president netiates. >> woodruff: nick schifrin reporting for us from singapore. thank you, nick. here in washington, reaction to the summit so far is decidedly mixed. senate majority leader chuck >> woodruff: senate minority beader chuck schumer charged today it may hav "purely a reality show summit." fellow democrat ed markey of massachusetts said it's the weakest agement that north korea has ever signed. aid, senator bob menendez of new jerseykim jong-un is the clear winner. >> we had a lot of sizzle here but not a lot of steak. kim jong-un had a goodt. at the end of the day, he went from international pariah scorned by the world with multilateral sanctions including those at the united tions to f ing seen as an equal, meeting with the presidente united states, the leader of the free world, on an equal footing. >> woodruff: senate republicans said mr. trump sounded upbeat in

a phone call to their weekly luncheon, but they also counseled caution. majority leader mitch connell called the summit "a major first step," but not decisive. house speaker paul ryan pressed s r a verifiable end to north koreclear program, as did south carolina senator lindsey ssaham. >> the statementd is a statement in principle. they will give up their nuclear weapons program. in return, we will guarantee their security and provide economic prosperity in north korea. that's a good deal for everybody. we'rng ways from there. but i appreciate the fact that the president was willing to sit nd we'll see what happen >> woodruff: we'll talk to senators from both parties, after the news summary. in the day's other news: president trump took aim again at canadian prnister justin trudeau over trade. trudeau had criticized u.s. tariffs after mr. trump left the , 7 summit last weekend. since the president has n peatedly attacked him, and did

so again todayngapore. >> i have a good relationship with justin dudeau. i real. other than he had a news senference that he had bec he assumed i was in an airplane and i wasn't watching. he learned, that's goicost a lot of money for the people of canada. he learned you can't do that >> woodruff: meanwhile, white d use trade adviser peter navarro apologizefor saying "there's a special place in hell" for truau. at a "wall street journal" conference today, navarro backtracked, saying: "i used language that was inappropriate... siat was my mistake." today's de some have said will reduce competition and increase costs for consu

we'll explor that later in the program. in the mediterranean sea, migrants stranded stranded on a rescue ship in the mediterraneawere moved to other vessels today, bound for spain. caalian navy ships took on the north afrimigrants. rome had refused to let them dock in italy, in a battle over e.u. immigration policfi but spanish als opened their a rts. >> it wacision taken so that, a clear message would be that in a humanitarian crisis, and representing all spaniards, we could not remain indifferent. the fundamental obligation of a democratic state is ly to strictly follow the rule of law but also to fulfill responsibilities in the international sphere. >> woodruff: back in this country, a major wildfire burning orado forced officials to shut down a national forest. it's the first time that's happened in 16 years. the fi has charred more than 35 square miles in the san juan national fornce june 1, and threatens more than 2,000 homes. it's only 15% contained.

a warning today that sexual harassment is widespread in science at the college level. universities are called on to change their culture so women don't get bullied out of those fields. seattle's city council today seattle's city council voted today to repeal a tax on big companies, aimed at raising p millions of dollars to he homeless. it was passed just a month ago, but amazon, starbucks s d other fiought heavy pressure to kill it. a ngowing income gap and soa home prices have pushed seattle homeless rate to one of the worst in the nation. wall street mostly marked time today. the dow jones industrial lost one point to close at , the nasdaq rose 43 points, and the s&p 500 added four. this was a triumphant day for two sports teams. the washington capitals, winners

nt hockey's stanley cup, p the town red with a long-awaited victory parade. players ma their way down constitution avenue toward the nati ovechkin hoisting the cup. teammate t.j. oshie captured the mood at a rally that followed. >> seeing how many people are out here, how many people came out to support us, seeing how many people supported us since beginning, when appantly we weren't supposed to be very good this year, we love you and there have been a lot of chants, there's been "let's go caps," "we want the cup," "we've heard we gt the cup," we got a new one for you tonight, today: "back to back, back to back..." >> woodruff: meanwhile, in oakland, california, the n.b.a. champion "golden state warriors" held their latest victory parade. they've won three titles in the last four years. urd former president george h.w. bushd 94 years old today-

the first ex-president to ve that long. mr. bush marked the occasion at his suer home in kennebunkport, maine. he was released from a hospital just eight days ago, a bout with low blood pressure. still to come on thenaewshour: fulllysis of the trump-kim meeting from u.s. senators and former state department officis. the end of aids-- russia's struggle to stop the virus from spreading. med a merger between at&t and arner gets the green light-- what a judge's ruling means for other business deals >> woodruff: as we reported, lawmakers from both sides of the aisle raised concerns about what came out of president trump's meeting with the leader of north korea. this evening, i spoke with two key members of the senate foreign relations committee and

i started by asking republican senator james risch if we can take seriously the statements made at the summit. >> i think it's too early to say that. but everything that's happened so far is very positive. it's going in the right direction. 120 days ago we were headed down a very, very different path. and this president needs to be given credit for how he's been able to turn this thiaround. there is work to be done. we know how to do this. we've done a number of them, an i think that the group at the state departnt, at the white house, are fully engaged ngready. they're drilown into the details that need to be hammered out. i'm very comfortable with theis way hing is going. the other good thing about this

is when we did t -- not when we, when president obama did the iran agreement, wwere left out of it. we were dismissed. they treated us very dismissively, and as a result of that, it never got a vote in the asnate. itt submitted for a vote in the senate, and we all know how it ended. it wasn't good. >> woodruff: so is the congress definitely going to be involved in somehow signing off on this before it's all over? >> right. i have talked to the president, the viesident, the secretary of state on this very issue. all three of them have told me independently it is their intent to put this in such a form that it can b submitted as the founding fathers wanted to have done, as a treaty to the united states senate, and they want to vote in the united states senate. they're not pushing back on that. that's the direction they want to g u it's good foand it's good for people on the other side of the agreement. then you have a biepgding agreement. >> woodruff: so when president trump says that chairman kim, i think in his words, is denuking

the whole place, he said it's going to start very quickly. are you confident of that? >> well, look, this remains to be seen. weave a history that is not good along similar terms but this time they have not said that in response to a suggestion that they would get something for it. so they're going a different direction. this whole thing, e ball was in kim jong-un's court, and he took it, and he is the one that started this thing down the path. so look, they know what they have to do. we've been down this road with them before. the international communi w has told thet they've got to do. and they are saying thathat' what they're going to do. saying it is one thing. we're going to know ery qukly, and the president has said he will know very quickly whether or not they can make this happen. >> woodruff: one thing the president has said already is ryat he calls war games, joint milita exercises with south

korea are going to er now. so it's a little bit of confusion about that, vice esident pence talked about it today. do you think it's a good ideen the pressaid today he's wanted all along for these exercises to stop. >> schifrin: i've talked to both the president and the vice president out this today. and i think this is going to take some more nuaecing, when h said "war games," i don't think he meant that alllitary exercises with the south would be ended, g t this is go be a matter that they're going to refine during the negotiations. and we need to t give people who are negotiating this space to get where we all want to be on this. so, yeah, you know, i know there's a lot of discussion about statements that were made on thit side or t side. let's all take a deep breath and say a prayer that we're going to get to wre we need to be with this thing. >> woodruff: two other quick things, senator, are you comfortable with the fact that human rhts came uonly

briefly, tangentially in these talks? >> look, we're negotiating right now on a matter that is of a serious nature to e entire world. america has always been about human rights. we will alwas be about human rights. we lead by exampleai having that we also talk with allies and enemies alike about this. t we do business with countries who i'm not and most people aren't satisfied with on human rightissues. this is something that is going to be gotten to i'm sure at some point down the road. but look, you got to walk before you run, and right now the very sensitive, important maer of denuclearization is what's on the table. >> woodruff: finally, different topic, are you comfortable with the president pulling the u.s. out of the joint g-7 communique, being very critical of can dark it leaders, the other members of the g-7? is that what you think was th right mo? >> well, the president had good reasons for what he did,nd he

is a tough negotiator, as you know, and he is not happy with the way we've been treated with a lot of our negotiations. i think trahe fruon is boiling over. but look, this isn't a final thing, this is not an ongoing thing, the people thahe's talking to on g-7, these are friends of our, they're allies of ours, and even siblings have disagr tments from time e, and whenever you talk about money, which is what you're talking abt when you're talking about trade, it is always a difficult family discussion to have. and that's what was going on there. these are going to be ongoing. we'll get to this. >> woodruff: he's more critical of them than he is of chairman kim.l, >> what's separate issue on the nuclear versus ter financial ma but he is very frustrated with the way we have been treated as far trade agreements in the past, and he's trying to do something about it. >> woodruff: senator jim risch, we thanyou very much. >> judy, thank you very having

me. >> woodruff: we now turn to the other side of t aisle. senator ben cardin is the mmmocrat on the foreign relations tee. i began by asking if the thought the summit was a success. >> judy, we want diplomacy to win here. we want to end this crisis in north korea, and the way to do si is through diplomacy. we want the pnt to be successful in gaming a way i ich the korean peninsula will be nuclear-free. but we didn't hear any scifics. can't make conceptions until we get action from north koreth have made commitments in the past that they have not honored, so it's very important that we see action, that we see a listing of l their nuclear facilities, all of their missile technologies that weet inspectors on the ground, that we get a game plan to eliminate all the nucleeapons. and that it is permanent in nature. an we didn't hear any of that in singapore. so the president made some

concessions. he gave kim jong-un an audience with the president. he made commitments abo u.s. military maneuvers in that region. an we'll see whether that will be succeful to get kim jong-un to make theype of commitments pa need to eliminate his nuclear ty. >> woodruff: but just the very fact that the president met face to face with the leader of north korea, that the two countries e not right now... don't have this hot rhetoric going on between the leadersthat there isn't missile testing, isn't that a positive step? >> absolutely. we're very pleased that there is the diplomacy taking plac we. t the diplomacy to succeed. so, yes, we are very pleased that we've beeable to gethe two leaders to talk. what we need now is to see north korea really implement changes to show that they're serious about eliminating their nuclear weapons program. whher the president's

allowances and the changes he made in the military will be enough to mo thatlong, we'll see. but the judgment will come as to whether north korea takes action. >> woodruff: what's... what specific steps are you looking for. the president talkha about endinghe calls war games. the white house is now clarifying that what will contre routine training exercises. but there is still some work to be done there. so what are you lookor? >> well, judy, the next step should be the lifting -- listing of all of north korea stes participating in their nuclear program and their missil technology, an inspection of those sites. we know exactly where theyre inspectors to make sure there is no enhancement of these program, and then serious discussion on a path to eliminate their nuclear capacity. >> woodruff: but you d expect that to come from first

meeting, did you? >> no,, no i did not, and the riamework of kim jong-un wanting se protections in exchange for giving up his nuclear weapons was a formuhat i fully supported. the question is: will kim jong-un now move forward seriously with the program to geisrid of huclear weapons? he's made these commitments, hin gont has made this commitment in the past and have not. er i guess what i'm saying is we'll see whehis campaign strategy worked or didn't work, but we're pleased that we're using diplomacy. >> woodruff: human rights, upis is something that came only briefly. the president said it came up, but it didn't take very long. care you fortable with that? we head senator risch say, we talk all te with countries who have human rights problems we don't approve of. >> for the united states to have a really differentelationship

with north korea, they have to change their human rights record, which is perhaps one the worst in the world. the president must make it clear, biefl forward on nuclear weapon, but to have a productive lationship with the unit states, progress also needs to be made on the human rights fund. >> woodruff: when you hear president trump say he feels he's got on the know chairma i kim very weln a short period of time, that he trusts him, that he knows he loves his people, wants to do what's right for them, how do you take that? >> judy, as i said earlier, i want diplomacy to work i'm all for diplomacy. i think the presidsen characterization here is really difficult to understand. kim jong-un has murdered a lot ofs eople. cord is terrible. his reliability is not there. i don't know whether i would use those types of praises for kim jong-un. >> woodruff: and finally, senator, last question abouthe

g-7 and the president's very tough criticisms of the g-7 members, pulling the u.s. out of that communique. can at bplained by the fact that the president is frustrated that othentr coes have not done what he wanted them to do with regard to tariffs and dealing with the u.s. on trade? >> i don't think there's any way to explain what the president did tour closest allies. it defies lo what the president is doing is s erica alone. we need our allin our mutual defense and in our national security. so i thought the performance of the g-7 was extremely dangerous the america, inviting russia to join what have russia has done to us,nd then blasting the prime minister of canada, no, there's no jtification for that type of conduct. >> woodruff: senator ben cardin, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now we get the views from two

>> woodruff: now, we get the views from two peopl tto whom we haned repeatedly throughout the last year, first on threats between the u.s. and north korea... and now negotiations. frank januzzi is a former state department analyst who suppoeged the u.s. dion for talks with north korea during the clinton administration. and balbina hwang was a special adviser to the assistant secretary of state for east asia and pacific affairs, and is now a visiting professor at georgetown university. welcome back to the prto both of you. so as we reported earlier, north korean news agenct has put oua couple statements within the e st hour, essentially saying some pretty positings, saying this relationship is changing. at one point they said this was a radical switchover from the most hosfle state o our relationship. the other thing that they have said, baina hwang, is chairman king is inviting presidt trump to come to north korea, and he accepted the president's invitationo come to washington. so before i even ask you about

the summit, what is this sort of after-the-summit set of statements sayelo you? >> first of all its remarkable that north korea's state mediis responding so quickly. normally it would be several days anit would be tightly controlled. they seem to be responding very, very quickly, but it is as expected, it's celebrating this as a tremendous success and it's certainly celebrating this as ism jong-un is, you know, their dear leadeow accepted as a world leader. > woodruff: so frank januzzi, look at the summit, look at the of itments coming ou what does it tell you? what do you take away from it? >> well, the top line is very positive. you have the two leaders for the first time sitting down together and making this commitment to peace and denuclearization. but the joint statement itself is ar have thin gruel. the north koreans refused to identify what the mean by denuclearization. and as the united states and north korea pursue that goal, 're going to have to confront

some really tough issues, including does north korea expect to have peaceful use of nuclear power. if so, do they also expect to produce the fuel by by enriching uranium for those power planteds? owe north koreans have been very vague about hhey define denuclearization. 'ttil we get clarity on those points, we don know whether we have a deal. >> woodruff: balbina hwang, did we get any hints from this meeting about the answers to those questions? >> new york and moreover, this is hardly a celebration for a new set of a relationship or even an indication that kim jong-un has made any kind of strategic llift, because ry this joint statement reuses all of the se kinds of phrases that have already been rittman rittman -- reiterated before. despik this shows president trump's pledges that he will not repeat the mistakes of the past, i think it shows the difficulty ofhat three other presidents really tried

very faithfully to do, and each of them pledged not repeat the mitakes of the past, but i shows how difficult it is to get to the heart of these issues. >> woodruff: what abt tha frank januzzi, and to your pointed about the lack of specifics here, could one te the positive view of that, which the administration is and say, yes, a lot of work to do, but 've gotten off on te right foot. >> i think it's really great that the two lead verse made the personal commitment to this process. that's new. it's never happened before that you've had the leader of north korea, the leader of the united states personally pledge to this outcome of peace and denuclearizationhe so now's a lot of hard work that will commence.en prestrump in recent weeks has been very changed in his tone. he has said that he expects this to be a process. that is completely different than the sort of rapid denuclearization roadmap that he had in mind when hre enteed office. so this to me represents a match ur ration of his understanding

of the complexities of the ngchal, but we really shouldn't sugar coat this. merything from the nuclear program to tssile program will have to be negotiated with excruciating precision. for instance, on space, do north koreans expect to have peaceful space launch? that's as a technal matter different from the delivery of an icbmt warhead, om a u.s. perspective, i can guarantee you that the trump administrion would prefer that the north koreans forgo peaceful use space. where will it end up? >> woodruff: balbina hwang, pick up on that and go ahead. >> i completely agree with you, frank. it's not that i think this was bad. i think it's absolutely a good place the start, and i also think that, you know, the two leaders, it's very important to have them meet face to face. by the way, part of the reason why we haven't had much success is t leader of north korea needs to be the one todg absolutely pany kind of relationship. having said all that, look, the other thing is that north korea

poses all sorts of other threats, never mind that human rights wasn't addressed, but what about cybe, what about onochem ca threats. conven threats. there are numerous other threats beyond the nuclear and missiles that weren't dressed. so it leaves thes.. th threats go much further. >> woodruff: another thing, this was a meeting, frank dentzzi, between the pre of the united states and the leader of north korea. you didn't have south korea involved, japan was not involvedchina was not involved. the south koreans almost immediately seemed to express surprise aut the decision t stop the joint military exercises. >> well, it was only sick months ago that secretary of state rex tillerson vehemently and without question rejected these tt -- he freeze-for-freeze proposal, freezing of north korean nuclear and military testing in exchange for freezing jointed military exercises. secretary tillerson anuary of this year said that was completely unacceptable. president trump five months

later has accepted the freeze without getting even clarity about how far the north koreans freeze of nuclear and missile activities extends. there has been a big shift. our south korean allies were whiplashed by this. t think the damage can be repaired, ey're learning to adjust on the fly to president trump. >> woodruff: balbina hwang, ing forward, will these talks be just between the u.s. and north korea? or are these other players going to be sitting at the table, too? >> well,ag i would disree with you, frank. i think in this case they are okay witayh actually the er that everybody is missing here. these talks, the u.s.-north korea talks would not have occurred without the r.o.k. this was absolutely driveny president moon jae-in's leadership, and it was driven by theep r.o.k. ng in and saying it must absolutely be the leader in driving the ustnited es and the north koreans together. remember, it was the south koreans that delivered that letter, and they really brought this entire process together.

so they were floored by this statement about the war game, but that was president trump speaking off the cuff as he normally does. i think the south koreans were absolutelyhere about the joint statement. and they were clearly there not physically, but part of th process. >> woodruff: but going forward, do you think they and others, the japanese, chinese, are going to play a parted? >> i think the japanese are very, very worried. the south carolinians i -- south jreans are there. y, they are going to have to be there because you cannot end the korean war without the chinese and the japanese being at the table. >> woodruff: frank januzzi, balbina hwang, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and now, we continue our series on the aids epidemic, returning again to russia. ctst night, we looked at how inn drug use initially drove the epidemic there, where it's estimated that one million

people are h.i.v. positive. tonight correspondent william brangham and producer jason kane return to look at the other factors behind the continued growth of this epidemic, and how the russiarnment is responding. this series was produced in partnership with the pulitzer center. >> reporter: pavel lobkov is one of the top news anchs in russia-- a celebrity of sorts here. but one night three years ago, ha became the news-- revealing to the countryhe had h.i.v. >> well, i went to the infectionist. he had a thick file crossed with a red marker, h.i.v.ive. eporter: this was news because lobkov is one of the only well-known figures in all of russia who has gone public about his h.i.v. status. lobk says he wanted russians to know that h.i.v. was not a death sentence, something that much of the world learned

decades ago. >> you look at me, you don't see uh, spots on my, on my cheeks, see that i'm exhausted, and-- uh, spots on my, odomy cheeks, uit see, i'm, you don't you couldn't disti that i'm h.i.v. positive, if i don't tell about it. >> reporter: public health officials say it's hard to believe that such a wealthy, h.i.v./aids with so much stigma and denial. >> it's e we are still soviet. >> reporter: what does it mean to be soviet? >> it means to try to iep our probleide us. if you cry, it alone, please. >> reporter: critics say these attitudes are rtly why russiae is one of thw places on earth where h.i.v.'s spread continues to increase at aate 10% every year, higher than b- the hardest-hit countries in suharan africa. haer the last decade, the sciencshown that there are certain things you can do that

will definitely slow the spread of h.i.v.: you give clean t edles to injection drug users. you aggressively td treat people with h.i.v. so that they don't spread the virus to othe. and you target these interventions at people who are at-risk. these things have been shown to work. and yet, oftentimes, those tools are not being used here in russia. we'll justatoman, wh call kia, gives a glimpse of how outdated h.i.v. care can be in russia. she asked that we not show her face a few years ago, after a breakup, she started feeling sick. >> he liked alcohol, and loved to sleep around. then we split up, i started to get sick. t reporter: her doctors wouldnt her for h.i.v.. the idea that a drug-free, heterosexual woman could contract the virus seemed unlikely, despite the fact that rohexual sex is now becoming the top driver of h.i.v.

transmission in russia. but when she didn't get better, she insisted. then, positive, she was told she didn't need to start anti- retroviral drugs, the standard care for h.i.v. >> they e pills are not necessary. there's no need to start anything. >> reporter: according to jon cohen, who's been covering h.i.v./aids for more than 25 years for science magazine, the advice katia received runs counter to eveet of modern h.i.v. care. cohen is our reporting pareser on this se >> back in the "bad old days," when there weren't enough drugs e, theery recommendations were that you wait to start treatment, until your immune system declined. but the evidence has become overwh everyone on treatment immediately. in most of the world right now, anyone who receives an h.i.v. diagnosis is offered medication right away. >> reporter: katia then ld her doctors that she and her new husband-- who's in the military- - we trying to have a baby a

she'd read online that she should definitely take anti- antrovirals to prevent itting the virus to her husband and her baby. >> and the doctor toldat the virus is small. m,you won't likely infect nd i said "what? how can that be?" i sat and begued with her use i had already researched online. >> it's startling to me that ryere was a woman in russia in 2017 who'sg to get pregnant and goes to the doctor and says, "hey, i need anti- ytrovirals" and the doctor says, "wel know, your immune system's doing well, you don't really need it." she knew better, she had been reading on the internet, and she said "no! what it says is that there's tmething broken. >> it seems that, present moment, there are no real attempts to overcome the epidemic. >> reporter: vadimvsky is the longtime head of russia's federal aids cuctre. and yes,a senior official

has a bleak view of his country's effort he says russian societis shaped in large part by the hugely influential russian orthodox church, whi argues against key h.i.v. prevention ivstrategies-- like compree sex ed, condoms and needle exchange programs. >> in many situations, the arguments from science are not so effective as arguments from the church, but, we think it's better first to save life, and then to save soul. (laughs) >> reporter: russia's national budget covers the treatment of only 300,000 h.i.v. positive russians-- nowhere near the estimated one million infected who need care. for those who do get on treatment, it's not always easy m find a ready, steady supply ofedicine. alexander chebin is something of an underground pharmacist. so this is a traveling pharmacy?

r: yes. >> reporn the city of yekaterinburg, he runs an informal, free, drug-sharing .etwork for h.i.v. positive russians in ne in this box is a mix of various h.i.v. medications, collected from people who don't hem anymore, either because they've changed sods or died. this is azt? >> azt. >> reporter: chebin says because no money changes hands, this is legal, but he plays it safe, hiding medicationsn different places, like here in hisneouch. using ork of couriers, chebin packs up and sends medicine anywhere in the country to patients o need them. all for free. this woman-- 1,300 hundred miles st. petersburg-- is part of that network. russia has had repeated problems with so-called "stockouts" whe different regions run short on these crucial h.i.v. medications, this group is here to help fill the gap. ke.ing people on steady h.i medication is crucial because people on treatment are much

less likely to transmit the virus to others. but the fact that only a third of h.i.v. positive russians are on treatment, contributes to the 100,000 new infections that occur here every year. president putin's vernment has been criticized for not forcefully addressing the crisis, but in 2016, prime minister dmitry medvedev signed russlaia's strategicagainst h.i.v. russian ministry of health we have a big number of cases, of course. but the situation is quite different in differentns. there is no epidemics in our country. >> reporter: we met with offials from the russian ministry of health-- they reject the term "epidemic"-- but claim they are aggressivying to get everyone who's infected onto medication. they say millions more russians are being tested for h.i.v., and their treatment numbers are growing.

we didn't say that we have no problem with h.i.v. we know that, in fact, we have problem. but we are trying to solve it. >> reporter: but this couple, which is part of that st. petersburg, says its too little, too late. >> they give it more moneyrethey give it revention programs. they say "we have a strategy" but the price for that is twenty years of death. >> reporter: andrei skvortzov works for an h.i.v. patient advocacy group. his wife, dr. tatyana vinogradova, is one of the nation's top h.i.v. doctors. she helps run st. petersburg's aids center-- one of the lgest running centers in russia. and st. petersburg h made some progress locally against h.i.v., using proven prevention and treatment strategies. but there's more to their story: skvortsov is h.i.v. positive and on treatment, and vinogradova is i. negative. tr this public ad campaign, they d to chip away at h.i.v.'s stigma.

snis poster says "h.i.v.-- a barrier to starting a family. with h.i.v., it's possible to live a long life." the idea is: if you know you're infect-- like this young man who just was diagnosed-- regular treatment can not only save your life, but can prevent your partner from boming infected, too. but vinogradova says the prejudice is still song, even in the medical community. >> they are still afraid o h.i.v. patients. >> reporter: doctors are afraid!? >> yes. >> reporter: today? >> surgeons. dentists. nurses. >> reporter: in this day and age? >> in this, in this city, in this progressive russian city. >> so, there's a lot of frustration here, as well, from people who are at the front who know all this! this is not a place for people that are living in the dark ages. you know? look around! it's, it's, it is europe! >> reporter: so, what is it? if

thtools are at hand, and everyone knows how to really address it-- why is it not happening? >> william, th're telling us that it's leadership! we've heard it again and again, that their leadership just isn't embracing it aggressively. and they have a lot of other problems. >> reporter: but dr. vinradova is darkly optimistic. she says the growing epidemic will eventually make russia pay attention. actually it's russian mentality. >> reporter: what, that it has to get worse? something should happen! something very bad should happen, after that, everybody will stand up and just gg.and do someth >> reporter: for now, though, people like katia keep up a quieter fight-- one foot in front of the other-- even as her country's epidemic moves in the wrong direction. for the pbs newshour, i'm william brangham in yekaterinburg, russia.

>> woodruff: tomorrow we now, a federal judge ruled today that $85 billion purchase of time warner. the decision was a significant loss for the department of justice, which had argued the deal would make the marketplace rsss competitive for consu as amna nawaz reports, the potential megmarger could have a aiofound impact on the media, enteent and telecommunications landscape. >> reporter: the decision comes nearly 20 months after at&t first announced its plan to buy time warr... ...and comes just about a week before the companies face a de to complete the merger. the $85 billion merger would allow at&t to buy up time marner's assets-- which included plenty or content creators such as hbo, cnn, tbs and warner brothers movies. that means at&t would control rights to big franchises as well like "game of thrones," "lord of the rings," lego and broadcasting of live sports like

the n.b.a. and march madness. the companies face a june 21 the judge put no limits on the deal. some outside of government are worried abt what it could mean for competition. david mccabe, who has been coveng this for acts owe, as there in the courtroom today and joins me now. david, welcome to the news hour. ry,ot of people keeping a very close eye on this case. now that you know the merger can go ahead, what kind of efect is it likely to have on media companies, telecom companies, other potential deals in the space in. >> thank you so much for hav tig s evening. as i said, this was an uneqvocal win for at&t,oth the decision not to apply condition, but also the decision to encourage very forcefully the department of justice not to pursue an emergency stay in is case. what it means for the rest of the industry is it's go time. effectively it is a high sign to go afterighe deals that not have been approved had this

deal fai d. so the firthing we're likely to see is comcast bid for f 20th centuracebook. that could reshape the space that touches almost eve american consume their watches video content. >> nawaz: talk to me from the consumers' perspective. viously the justice department was arguing if this deal goes through, it means less competition. it's bad for consumers, potentially higher prices. fewer choices. help me understand that fear a little bit. is that still a viable fear now that the merger has gone through? a so the consumers and the justice departme saying prices could go up because at&t would be leveraging the cont iet thhad from the time warner deal against its competitors in the video space, those who compete with their subsidiary, directv. the judge says he didnt think the department of justice met their burden of proof there, but i think consumers very likely to see a world in which increasingly the content they

watch, the content they crave often is owned by the same people who deliver it to them. what that means is in many ways an open question, but, for exple, we've se that you can ow. directv n this is at&t's streaming service, a real-time live video streaminservice, and it doesn't cost against your data cap when you are an an at&t wireless subscriber some there may be an incentive for companies to bundle their content assets with the price they control to get that content mers.nsu >> nawaz: david, you wrote in your first write-up for axios the case could have take an more political turn. it is worth noting theas a lot of talk about whether or not there was pressure from the white house to bring forward this suit to try to stop thi merger. it's no secret that president trump is not a fan of cnn. cnn is owned by time warner. when he was a presidential candidate, mr. trump said h wouldn't allow this merger to go through under his administration. did any of that play a role in the case? >> so it played no role really

in the courtroom, because the judge had said that he couldn't access documts that were k to making the case that the justice department case was polly motivated, but it has absolutely dogged the case. i just came from the press conference with daniel petrucelli, who is at&t and time warner's lead litigator, do you think there was pressure here, w asked that again and again some the is a listening shadow in this case. >> naw: david, this is a ig week for the internet. not only does this merger ittentially move forward, but the net neutrrules also expired this week. how do both of those things together potentially change the way people get oronsume their content? >> so that remains to be seen forctly what it means consumers, but it may foreshadow a world in which fewer companies contl the consumer internet experience and there are fewer rules for them to play by. >> nawaz: david mccabe of axios who has been covering this

megamerger deal, thank you for your time. >> thank you for having m e. >> woodruff: finally, a newshour shares that caught our eye. it's a video that reminds us of the true meaning of tsmanship. last week, a minnesota high school championship baseball game ended after pitcher ty koehn of the moundsvieball team struck out his childhood friend, jack kocon, whplayed for totino grace high school. the strikeout sent moundsview to the state championship, but instead of celebrating with his teammates, koehn hea home plate to console his friend. the two are close friends who played baseball together before parting ways earlier in high school. in an interview koehn said, "i knew i had to say something. our friendship is more important than just the silly outcome of a

game." a lesson fora ll of us. and on the newshour online, find our guide to today's party primaries across thery, plus more news as results come in. all that and mre is on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs ur, thank you and see yo wshour has been provided by: os consumer cellular. le >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on f e frontlinescial change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. anbsby contributions to your station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captiod by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

>> funding for "new scandinavian cooking" is de possible by the following... and seafood from norway. [ wind howling ] ♪ ♪ [ sleigh bells ringing ] >> ekstedt: i'm on the border between norway and sweden, sweden over there, and norway right here. it's mid-april and still quite cold, as you can see,ad s of snow on the ground, and i'm headg to roros, a town that hasn't changed much for the last 100 years. ks i'm niklasdt, and welcome to "new scandinavian cooking."