captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday june, 16: trade tensions-- china retaliates against trump administration tariffs; in our signature segment, migrants lookin get to europe find a new route; and won accused of beingarried to members of isis go on trial. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> "pbs newshour weekend" is by:e possible bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip mlystein fa the sue and edgar wachenheim foundation. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos f the j.p.ndation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter.

barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. >> additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening, and thanks for joining us. the trade battit between the states and china is escalating. rhe trump administration revised its list of new iffs on $50 billion worth of chinese produc yesterday, and china retaliated within hours. inthe u.s. will now add 25ew tariffs on more than one 1,000 chinese products. among them, bulldozers, aircraft engine parts, agricultural machinery and automo. china responded by increasing

riffs by 25% on $50 billion of u.s. impor including automobiles, agriculturalse products, ood and medical equipment. president trump says the neetw tariffs,o take effect on july 6, will protect american jobs and prevent unfair transfeo of american tegy. to help us sort out what is happening in this back and for battle and what it will mean to american consumers and the worl, econe're joined now by sharyn o'halloran, professor of political economics and ternational public affairs at columbia university. soe are on the verge of a trade war here. to put this in perspective, the american economis, what, $20 trillion. so even if we're talking about $100 billion, $50 billion, this is relatively small-- this isn't anything gog collapse our entire ateconomy. but re the consequences as this escalates? >> well, already we're starting to see a number of different parts of the ecomy that e

being affect. first of all, we'll have some of the end consumer that are going to be affected that are going to be directly using a variety of different products,er they use steel and so on. but mostly, right now, with steel uand alum we're going to be seeinglet intermediary users-- the auto industry that uses steel or aluminum-- in their production process. that's going to lead to crease prices, obviously. that's going to impact the daily consumer, you andme, who buy a car, or want to. and then it could lead ngto infreeinflation, which could lead the fed to take, obviously, a more aggressive stance in setting rates, which could have impacts in the overall growth of the economy. is, of course, going to let businesspeople be upset about profits and wherthey are and their willingness to inve, so that will have impacts on jobs and job prosperities. >> sreenivas: therewas an example of washing machines where we set a tarifan somewhere around 17% on washing

machines if guto the appliance store. talk about how interconnected the world is today. a lot of the products we see on our store shelves, evenhey might be assembled in china, might be sort of made here. >> that's correctre. >>ivasan:, you know, and there are parts coming from all over the world. >> so we are mos- most manufacturers are really world-class manager of global supply chains. think of niekle, think of apple. and event if they make the majority of the products here, theyal're assembling many of the products from all over the world. and those product comes in beats expwits pieces to then be-- quote, unquote-- made iner a. and that's just how you keep costs down, how you work with comparative advantge, and how you work with economies of scale. these are gd things. this is why living standards have increase ad. thesee why more people can afford many of those other luxuries that 50, 100 years ago, were not even feasible. >> sreenivasan: there's this constant drum beat from the

admistration that says one of the reasons we're doing this is to try to put the pressure on ina r intellect property concerns that business have, the kinds of money we can invest the country, right. and then really the other common refrain is to bring jobs back to the united states. so tell me the connection of if we have the trade-- you know, imbalances corrected, if we slap more tariffs on china and the e.u., does that automatically mean those jobs, manufacturing jobs, or otherwisethcome back to united states? >> no, they don't. many cases they don't existin the form that they used treo be >> sreenivasan: because robots are doing it. >> they're robots. they're automated. mexico. they moved to well they moved to mexico, then they moved to china, then vietnam. it's where you look for onomies of scale, cheap labor, and automation. and those are moving he supply chain around. that's one one thing. second, th's not our comparative advantage. americans are very good at

high-end specialties. so even when we talk about bringing back steel. we're t doing mass rolled-out steel. we're doing more of the high-end specialty steel structures that sgo into, ay, buildings, but that's not rolled sheets. so we have to be careful about what we're talkinout. the tariff in itself is not going to lead to thobsse coming back. and we have to realize that's not the tool we need to be looking at. so the tariff is not the tool. but what we have to concern ourselves withre issues around non-tariff barriers, and that d goes to the policies aroe transfer of technology. there both the e.u. and the u.s. are trying to level the playing field, right. ncern and a pol yr theiate w.t.o. to take up, and there have been a serf complaints going in there, so we can have greater investment in theg without havo lose our property rights over that technology. we don't ask that from china. so why should they ask that from

us? >> sreenivasan: sure. >> so that's the debate there. >> sreenivasan: all right, a lot of these things will be untangled over the next few weeks. sharyn o'halloran from columbia university, thank you very much for joining us. >> sreenivasan: president trump ed twitter this morning continue to falsely blame democrats for what he called" forced family breakup at the border." it is mr. trump's administration that instituted a policy last month that requires that children of asylum seekers and immigrants crossing into the from mexico illegally be held at separate detention centers. there is no law that requires this. however, he also aitted yesterday that he is willing for the policy to continue unless democrats agree to fund a bord wall, change rules on legal entry and increase border enfot.rcem the president claims the democrats, the minority party in both houses of congress, are responsible worked with republicans they could pass laws to prevent the separations. a voteis expected next week in the house on two republican- drafted immigration biids, and the prt now says he supports both of them.

weeks after a new government took power in italy, it is taking era haine on allowing migrants onto its shores. the country says two boats filled with rescued african d migrants may nk. the boats are currently sitting off the coast of libya, where they rescue migrants trying to cross the mediterranean. this is the latest refusal by italy. last week, it barred the rescue ship "aquarius" from its ports. the "aquarius" began running out of provisions for the more than 600 people it had on board. the "aquarius" is now cleared to dock in spain. france is also offering to take some of the migrants. how are north korean defectors reacting to the recent summit between north korea and the united states? find out at www.pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: bosnia herzegovina. just over 25 years ago, a brutac

war thesed nearly two million people to flee. today, migrant travelers are rushing in, many fleeing war and persecution in their home countriema bosnia is a nation with scant resources that has seen me ore than 3,500 peoter illegally this year alone. a some ancies fear a new humanitarian crisis is developing, and the u.n. refugee agency, u.n.h.c.r., is appealing for internional financial sistance. newshour weekend special correspondent malcolm brabant has more fronorthwestern bosnia, near the croatian border. >> reporter: in a wood just outside the town of bihac stands a derelicrmt student ory. the building may have power and running water, but it's still an overcrowd slum. in short order, it's become a potent symbol of the three-year migrant crisis dividing the european union. for the 500 or so inhabitants, it's a way station on their dream-laden march towards sanctuary or grter prosperity.

for opponents of immigration, it's a snapshot of a surge heading their way. for volunteers of the bosnian red cross, this is simply a place of humanity. >> it's very, very hard when you see all those children that are right now suffering.ey on't have a decent childhood. >> reporter: spokesman amir draganivic. >> we are trying to do our best to find them, let's say, to make them like thearat their homes. >> reporter: proximity to the long, porous border with croatia is the reheasonre here. if they can enter croatia, they are effectively inside the eeruropean union theoretically they can cross natio documents.es without about 200 migrants ares amping in thield two miles from an offici crossing into croatia. croatia doesn't want the new arrivals even though most intend to pass through on their way to somewhere else. fatima has walked nearly 3,000

miles from kandahar in afghanistan to escape the taliban. she didn't want to give her full name or show her ce. >> reporter: there are several reasons why the arrival of refugees in bosnia herzegovina is significant. one is that it proves that there is now a new migrant trail to the europeaunion two and a lf years after it was severed at the macedonian border arc people were to stay in greece. another is that these new arrivals hav become a political football. it's an election year, and left- wing member of parliament maja gasal vrazalica, once a refugee herself du the bosnian war, says the migrants' presence is

being used to whip up natienonalist sentin a volatile and divisive campaign. >> these days, we have our election year nia herzegovina. st parties in bosnia herzegovina, national parties, they misuse theopic of refugees because they want to stoke up all this fear through eoour nation, through oure. >> reporter: anti-migrant rhetoric is most trenchant in republika srpska, the part of bosnia predominantly populated by christian orthodox ethnic serbs. their current leader, a serb nationalist, milorad dodik, is deeply suspicious that most of the new arrivals hail from islamic countries. >> ( translated ): refugees or migrants can't be allowed to stay in republika srpska. people suggest that we are inhumane in republika srpska. that's not true. e're very humane. but we are trying to maintain our way of life here, and we don't want it to be jeopardized. >> reporter: dodik is campaigning to be elected in october as the serbs' representative in bosnia's three-person presidency. he claims that ethnic muslim

bosnians in the capital, sarajevo, are encouraging the migrant influx to change the demography of the country. latest statistics from the bosnian authorities show that mt new arrivals are from syria, afghanistan, iraq, iran and pakistan. >> ( translated ): there's a surreptitious sarajevo plan that iurs ening syrians, afghans and other muslims to settle in the country over the next four, five or ten years. once that's happened, ey'll tell us that this a muslim majority country. that's the idea. that's what sarajevo is doing. >>orter: 23 years after the bosnian war finally ended, many in sarajevo still remember being hungry. ternational generosity sustained them during the two millione bosniansere displaced. among them, these seniors who brought clothes for the migrants. >> ( translated ): i know it's difficult for them. we were in the war, too, so we know how hard it can be. >> reporter: adnan tatarevic runs a charity which ordinarily helps im

has now expanded its reach to sustain refugees and migrants. >> ( translated ): we were fugees, too. we were refugees in our own cities. we were refugees in europe.pe le have welcomed us and shared with us the last piece of bread they had. the bosnian people want to help, feel the obligation to help and share with these people even the little they have at this moment since we all know that the situation is not great in our country. but we will help in any case as much as we can. >> reporter: this family from northeastern syria is seeking asylum. like most other new arrivals, they spent time in greece. the oldest man in the family, salem al fadli, says asylum would have been unthinkable in greece.

>> reporter: when i filmed this scene, it was still ramadan, when muslims fast from dawn till dusk. the smallest children could eat, but the elder siblings d not. en the younger ones had finished, their sisters swept up even the smallest crumbs of bread for the iftar n pper at sundhen the fast could be broken. never knowing from where the next meal comes is a miant trail reality. the second largest group after the syrians are from pakistan. the majority are not refugees fleeing persecution, but economic migrants seeking a tter life for themselves and their families. >> reporter: like most of the

other migrants at europe's doorstep, the pakistanis, too, are muslims-- meaning that in some quarts at least, their welcome is unlikely to be a warm one. still, atif nawaz hopes that his degree in electronics will enable him to find work in the european union. >> reporter: developments in bosnia are being closely monitored by the u.n.'s international organization for migratn. it's sarajevo representative is peter van der auweraert. >> we've seen this all over the world. you can close and you can increase the border controls but you can neveclose the border. because if people are very determined, they will find a way through. if you look at the map and you see e borders in bosnia herzegovina or even the map between greece and albania, youi l see that it's virtually impossible to close those borders. once people are determin to use the route, they will use it. >> reporter: many of those who've found their way to bosnia

have simply followed the g.p.s. on their phones. others have relied on smugglers. >> here in the balkans, there is a long tradition of smuggling-- smuggling of weapons, smuggling of drugs. our understanding is that a lot of those gangs have diversified, if i can put it in that way, and now also smuggle migrants. >> reporter: the refugees and migrants are trying to enter europe through croatia at a time when the new government in neighboring italy is promisingto deport unwanted migrants and croatia is stepping up border patrols. >> ( translated ): 60 meters after this turn, you can see in mont of you. ers. you're very close now. stop there. there they are, on your right. >> reporter: croatian border police on the ground are being directed by their colleagues in a helicopter. ed>> ( transl ): they're just in front of you, on the left and on the right. there's a lot more of them than we could see at the beginning. there they are on yot side, and one group is in the bush. >> reporter: fatima from afghanistan made it across the border once but was deported by the croats.

>> reporter: at the former student dorm in bihac, red cross official amir draganovifears the problems here are only just beginning. >> the main probm is that all borders now are closed. and the more and more police stand on the borders, then migrants cannot... cannot cross to croatia and into other parts of europe. so, very mu they are stuck re. >> reporter: as word of the new route spreads to those furtherck n the migrant trail, more people will head this way, increasing the likelihood that this corner of bosnia will succeed greece as europe's latest chokepoint, a place where the epic journey comes to a halt and hopes replaced by frustration and anger.

>> sreenivasan: ay have declared victory over isis, but the war left behind some unexpeconted prs. hundreds of women who were married to i who have young children, are now encing trials as terrorists. some have already entenced to death, others to life in prison. n.p.r. reporter jane arraf has been in the courtroomsshe joins us via skype now from cairo. first of all, describe what's happening here. >> well,hi hari, sois one of the leftovers of a very long, very er war. now as isis came into iraq and it took over a third of ira when it came in, in 2014, people flowed in-- jihadis flowed- i and with them flowed in their families purpose there were a lot of women who came wh small children, and when isis was defeated, and they were driven back, a lot of the isis fighters were killed, and a lot of women and small children were left. they were either arrested or

theythemselves up to iraqi forces, and they're now in detention, in jails in baghdad, >>d a lot of them are going on trial. reenivasan, you know, one of the quotes you had in your story was, "any foreigner who i lived s territory is considered to have joined isis and is loyal to them." describe the conditand the placeses that they're leaving behind, places like mosul, that were devastated. >> mosul, absolutely. and you look at moz and you will what's left of part of the city, the oldest part in the west, you can see why this has been such a bitter fight, and f whyps get a glimpse o iraqis are not in any mood to forgive. now, it's a very complicated fr, and there are a lot victims here, and there are a lot of reasons for the war. but in between what is did, which is attempted genocide of the yazidis, the ethnic minority; mass cers of shi'a cadets; slaughtering civilians as they came in.

anad then the devang battle to get rid of isis. so this is a war that has seeped into the vy heart of iraqi consciousness. there are lots of families, ibts of that were split between isis and fighting isis. but as for the foreigners, they are, as you point out, bein given very harsh sentences, even if all they defense marry isisr fightersome in with them. >> sreenivasan: you mentioned that these are people who have come into iraq in some cases. what about the countries where they came from? where they willing to take them back? >> so right now iraq is holding about 56 these women. most of them, majority of them, are from turkey, and a lot of them are from russia. and then others are from eastern european republics. there are very few westerners in this group. they're nosthe onlisis trials gog. iraq is believed to have tried almost 10,00 iraqis on terrorism charges, but these women e coming up for trial now, and a lot of them have already been tried and convict. >> woodruff: let's talk

little bit about the kind of enequivocal minutes here, the children who are caught in this. what happens to them as their mothers are sent either to prisonor perhaps put to death? >> well, that's the really troubling thing. so a lot of the countries who will take thwoe childret take the mothers. there isn't a huge rush here for countries to step up and say, "yes, extradite these women back to their trhome coies so they'll stand trial." that's what iraq would like to happen, but that jt isn't happening. they are more willing to take the children back if they can find relatives. so when i was in court, for instance, and these wen were standing in the dock, and it is literally a wooden dock, like a cage-- a lot of them had babies their arms and small children with them, and they're basically living in pris with their mothers. they will grow up in prison if their mothers are convicted, and at a certain age, when they reach school age, they'll be put in orphanag so it's quite a grim future for them.

>> sreenivasan: jane arraf joining us from cairo tonight, thank you. >> thank you. >> this is "pbs newshour weekend," saturday. >> sreenivasan: the proxy war being fght in yemen between saudi-led forces and iran-backed houthi rebels escalated today. the coalition claims it has captured the international airport near the rebel-held port city ohodeida. fighting for control of the port city continues. it is a critical entry point for ood and supplies. nearly two-thiryemenis saly on international aid, and humanitarian groupmore than eight million are at risk fostarvation. terminally ill people in california can legally obtain prescription druli to end their s. a state appeals court reinstated a law doctor has determined that the patient has six months or less to live. last month, a judge in riverside county declared the law unconstitutional because it was pass during a special legislative session called to

consider other mters. according to california health officials, 111 terminally ill people ended their lives within the first six months of the bill becoming law in 2016. thundershowers will help firefighters in e southwest today. they could also bring hazardous flooding to the region. one to three inches of rain is forecast for parts of the five- state region where there have been more than 20 wildfires in recent weeks. the largest blaze, the 4 fire near durango, colorado, has already burned nearly 33,000 acres and forced the closure of several public wildlife areas. can a cocktail or a beer a day keep the doctor away? the question was supposed to be answered by a $100 million government study. but yesterday, the national itines of health shut down the project after an investigatioconfirmed a "new rk times" report that found the n.i.h. researchers sought funding from the alcoh. indust the study was supposed to determine the riheart

attacks and stroke by comparing people who drink to those who abstain. ve sreenivasan: finally tonight, weou with a moment of pure joy from a school in montevideo, uruguay, whe children watching world cup soccer saw their national team score the match's only goal to defeat egypt yesterday. ( cheers and applause ) that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsed by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made

possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milsteiny fa the sue and edgar wachenheim foundation. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. pthe foundation. the anderson family fund. rosaliwalter. barbara hope zuckerberg. icorporate fuis provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. pbs. be more.

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