captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for saturday, june 23: ongoing confusion as migrant families and children remain separated. in our signature segment, trying to prevent the school to prison peline. and, what's at stake in tomorrow's election iny. tur next on "pbs newshour weekend." >> "pbs newshour weekend" is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the sue and edgar wachenheim eloundation. dr. p. roy v and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america--

designing customized individual and grp retirement products. that's why we're your >>eadditional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and bybu contons to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening an thu for joining us. today, across the country,ca lawyers and ads continue n try to find information, track down childreand parents, to reunite them after they were separated at the border with mexico. federal officials claim about 500 chdren are now back with family members, but it is not town if they are together in u.s. custody or y have been deported. more than 2,300 children wereom separated dults they were traveling with in the weeks before president trump decided to reverse his decision as part of his "zero-tolerance" immigration policy.

in texas, democratic members ofs congressed a detention aycility in mcallen. >> this is not thee treat people who are seeking asylum in this country. and that's my biggest concern. >> sreenivasan: in san diego, california, other and cities there were protests and rallpris against ident trump's zero-tolerance policy. >> families united, not divided! >> sreenivasan: whiles in vegas today, the president spoke to the nevada republican party, he vowed to continu his immigration policies. >> our people are doing a very good job handling a very difficult situation but this is a problem that should have beson ed years ago. thr issue is strong borders, no crime. r issue is open burdens, let ms-13 over our country. that's what's going to happen if you listen to them. >> sreenivasan: for more on the reunification of children and w families at is happening

at the border we are joined by kevin sieff, latin america correspondent for "the washington post." he joins us w via skype from ownsville, texas. first of all, you've been out there today. what you have seen? >> today is another day in which attorneys across-- really across south texas are trying desperately to find the children of their clients, hundreds of emrents whoin detained in this region, who don't know where their children e can't even begin to locate them. so this is sort of the early stag of reunification, and so lyr, they're incred frustrating for both parents and for attorneys who aren't get inything help from the government in tto figure out where-- where and how families are goi to be reunified. >> sreenivasan: there seem to be two competing narratives here.yo on one han have the government saying they are going to be and are reuniting families, and on the other hand, the lawyers you have spoken with who represent dozens, if not hundreds of clients who are still having trouble finding the children. >> right. think part of tissue is there's just a total lack of

transparency. when parents were detained after they crossed the border, after they were separated from their children, they were theoretically supposed to be given a piece of paper with a toll-free number and emai address. and this was the only way they were-- they were able to-- ostensibly able to find out information about their children. first of allflthese rs, for the most part, were not actually distributed. the lawyers were able tot a hold of them, know able to get these phone numbers and email addresses and have desperately been calling these numbers and emailing these addresses. i was with a lawyer yesterday when she tried to call the number for a particular you're on hold often for over an hour, and then when you finally get someonon the other line, there's absolutely no information. this sort of only-- only avenues that exist are total dead ends. so what's happened is attorneys have tried to find their own-- their own routes through other legal organizations who are representing children to find information, but all of these

legal organizations are wildly overworked and overwhelmed. >> sreen difficult now is it for some of these lawyers to find children, nsidering that they have been moved to several different parts of the country, that theyare t all on the texas border within a few miles of one another? >>hat's exactly right. i mean, i think that's one of the biggest issues. you know, they may have known where a child was during the first few days, but now, that child could be in any number of states, nduld be thouof miles away from the parent. ns iso, i mean, what hap that the child and the parents end up on parallel tracks in our immigration system, and so what's happening increasingly is that parents are being deported and chilen remain lost in the system somewhere. i mean, as hard as this is to do when you've got a parentand a child both in the united states, it's going to be a lot harder when the parent is back in central america. >> sreenivasan: kevin, is there any indication from the folks you've talked to and what

you've seen that this is acting as a deterrent, that there are fewer people trying to get in or seek asylum? >> i think families that are fleeing things that pose imminent throats iheir lives, don't think they'll be deterred. i think they will continue onwards. i mean, i think what i've seen is people constantly sort of reassessing the right moment to crosthe border, e right way to cross the border. i think that's not going to stop. think we might see a few-- a fee weeks of a sort of downturn, but ultimately, you know, this flow will continue. >> sreenivasan: all right, kevin sieff o the "washington post" joining us via skype from brownsville, texas, tonight, thanks so much. >> sure, no problem. >> sreenivasan: protests continued last night and today in pittsburgh over the fatain police-shootof 17-year-old antwon rose junior. >> who did this? the police did this! an sreenivasan: rose was shot in the back as he r away after police stopped a car he wasdi ri in tuesday night in the suburb of east pittsburgh. he was unarmed. police say the car matcehed th

description of a car wanted in a shooting in a nearby town. a cell phone video shot from a nearbyouse shows rose and another passenger running from the car as t driver was being taken into custody. thorities say two handguns were retrieved from the car, and an empty gun clip was found in rose's pocket. lawyer's for rose say there is no evidence he was part of the earlier shooting. south carolina state representative kwhie arrington, recently defeated incumbent mark sanford in the republican house primary, was seriously injured in a two-car collision last night. the iver of the other vehicle, which was traveling the wrong way, was killed. a spokesperson sd arrington will require weeks of recovery after undergoing surgery forfr"a ture in her back... several broken ribs... and the removal of portions of her small intestine and colon." in ethiopia's capital addis ababa today a grenade attack killed one and injured more than 150 people. inthe attack occurred dura rally for new prime minister abiy ahmed who took office in april after the unexpected resignation of his predecessor.

ahmed addressed thnation after the attack, saying that it was an, "attempt by forces who do not want to see ethiopia united." hundreds of people were killed in anti-governnt protests in ethiopia between 2015 and 2017. this team of statisticians is ing artificial intelligence to predict the winners in the world cup. o fi who the favorites are at pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: across the nation, leaders in both education and law enforcemen are rethinking school discipline. the harsh rules that result in kids being put intthe criminal justice system at a very early age are giving way to something new. newshour weekend's meghan thompson reports from philadelphia. >> reporter: west philadelphia high school principal mary dean hoped this would be a quiet friday mo>>rning. expected more from you. >> reporter: but school security just found two students with several vials of marijuana. they've detained them in handcuffs until philadelphia police officers arrive. a's a common scene in

neighborhood with high rates of poverty and crime. and just a few years ago, under the school district's zero tolerance policy, both students would have been arrested, no questions asked. today, it's likely only one student will be arrested becausy he's alrn probation, wearing an ankle bracelet. >> you've already missed your chance. it's up. utis is what i mean about you doing dumb stuffhere and in here. >> reporter: but for the other student, who has no record, there's another option. >> do wh you're supposed to do, it'll all go away. you don't have to worry about these charifs or nothing. ou don't, then, of course, all the marijuana charges will be brought against you. >> reporter: rather than being arrested, the student is put in the philadelphia police school diversion program, a citywide initiative that aims to keep kids out of the criminal justi system for misdemeanors-- things like having drugs in school or bringi items that are banned, like pocket knives and b.b. guns. even hair comband scissors, which could be dangerous. >> we have a bottle opener, which can still be used as a weapon. it has a point. >> reporter: philadelphia police officer tamesha golphin says sometimes kids have a reasonable

explanation. >> i totally forgot the knife was in the book bag. i really forgot. >> reporter: in march, tenth grer senaaj jackson set ofa metal detector when, he says, he accidentally brought a kitchen knife to school. he'd been locked out of his housthe night before and borrowed the knife from his grandmother to pick the lock. >> and i g in, and i put the knife in my book bag. and then, i forgot to take it out. then, the next morning, i went to school. and then, when i put my book bag through the monir, he said, "we have a problem." >> reporter: senaaj says getting arrested would have affected the entire family. his m, om works full-ti he helps take of care his five brothers and sisters. >> the first thing i thought about was my mom. i don't want to go to jail. i got too many brothers and sisters. i got to be d re for them. got scared, my heart dropped, my stomach bubbling up. so, i' going... going away."e >> reporter: but senaaj didn't go away. he qualified for the new

diversion program because, one, it was his first offense; and, two, it was a low-level offense that didn't involve a victim. so, now, senaaj goes to a 90-dal after-scrogram that provides mentoring and support. it includes group sessions where ey discuss drugs and alcohol. >> the reason why a lot of people do different types of e,ugs is because you have some kind of problem, l he says, stress. >> reporter: and they talk about anger management and conflict resolution. >> you guys are young. you guys are going to have interactions with the police in your life at some pot. >> and the people that work dere, they very respectful. they don't... th't talk to you in a disrespectful way. even if you disrespect them,to they still talou respectfully. and that's one thing i like about them. >> sometimes it's difficult for just the parents and the school, but now you have another entity that's there, woing towards you going in the right direction. >> reporter: principal mary dean has worked in the phphia school district for 26 years. >> in a high-needs environment like this, our students need it. they really do. and i tell everye i have the

smartest kids in the city. they are just brilliant. but you can't see that light, that brilliance because of all of the difficulties that they bring with them when they come in our environment. >> reporter: before, under the zero tolerance policy, was any of that looked at? >> no. no. they would be arrested. >> repter: many u.s. school districts adopted some form of zero tolerance during the '80s and '90s as theyried to crack down on things like drugs and school shootings. >> back before the program started, they had... >> reporter: naomi goldstein is an expert in juveniled justice professor of psychology at drexel university. she says kids will often out, ow bad behavid automatically arresting them can actually make things worse. >> for kids who end up in the syst, the chances that they continue their involvement over time increase. they're now exposed to the thinking and the behaviors of her kids who are heavily involved in the system or who have really done even things that are much more serious, which could then influence them

in really negative ways and so creating a negative cycle. >> reporter: goldstein saithat cycle often starts at school. she says harsh penalties for breaking school rules push kids, norities disproportionately, into the criminal justice enstem. >> 30 years ago,through academy, you "lock 'em up" and let someone else deal with those back-end issues. reporter: kevin bethel spent eight years as the deputy police commissioner overseeing security in the philadelphia public school he used to be in charge of locking kids up. >> that would involve taking at child from school, placing them in one of our siun facilities athe city to process the juvenile, and be fingerprinted, photographed, held in a cell block upwards of six hours, waiting for a parent to arrive. >> reporter: but then, about si years ago, betegan attending programs and workshops where he met advocates f wm other citi were reforming their approach to juvenile justice. he learned more about adolescent

development, trauma and why kids act out. >> it's hard for me to understand how we had allowed ves to be a part of th process and really had not taken a step back and been more thoughtful about what it would mean to take a child into the cell block, particularly when we come from a city with so muchan povertso much trauma, so much stress, and... and not understanding what was happening to that child. >> reporter: and bethel took a hard look at the reasons kidset wereng arrested. >> when i look at what we were locking them up for, things that i did as a kid. you know, i had my little cub scout knife. i... i got into fights in schools. i... i did all that stuff. but i'm locking up kids, and i'm a... a deputy commissioner. i did those things! that was a moment for me. and... and i turned to my bosses and said, "man, i ca anymore." pdiversion program in 2014, the announcing that officers woulstd arnly when it was absolutely necessary. >> i guess i was kind of leery.o >> reporteicer golphin, who's worked the school beat for ten years, is assigned to six

schools, including west philadelphia high. she says teachers there were skeptical, too. >> i think the teachers felt reassured when they saw us arresting kids. to them, suspension was tht good enoughy just want to see something done. they want to see that child go out insoandcuffs. an when the program started, we weren't that clear on... on how things were going to go. but then, as the program progressed, it got better and better. and i think it's great. i think it's really great now. >> reporter: the program has had an impact. throughout philadelphia, student arrests have dropped b71% from nearly 1,600 in 2013-14 to 456 this school year. at west philadelia high school, arrests dropped from 21 to just two last year. recidivism rates have improved citywide, too. before the program began, the rate for youth arrested was 27%. today, it's 14% for students who are diverted. and school safety improved. an average of 1,000 fewer serious incidents have been theorted annually sinc

program began. >> in my nearly 20-year career loing at juvenile justice programs, it is almost unhear of to see results like this. >> reporter: a main reason for the successful results? goldstein ys the root causes of students' behavior are finally being addressed in the after-school programs they're sent to, like this one called the bridge. the diversion initiative has fuken advantage of already existing programed by the philadelphia department of human services, so there are no major new costs. >> when the kids come in the door, they're not treated like criminals. they're still kids. >> reporter: terrina smith is a case manager at the bridge who counsels students and even visits the kids and ths eir pare home. >> and a lot of times, when kids come in the door, they comen for one thing. but it's so much deeper than that. it could be problems at homeit could be a cry for help. and once they start breaking things down to me, it's like, wow, this is a little adult here that had grown-up problems still

as a kid. >> and you get in more trouble, right? >> yeah. >> reporte on wednesday afternoons, there's a mentoring group just for the boys... >> art is a good way to express yourself. >> reporter: ...and another one just for the girls. niche smith is a 17-year-old high school senior. ashe was sent to the brider getting caught with a taser at school. my mom handed it to me. she gave it to me to protect myselfgo. i used trom school straight to work, and from work to hom o wasn't getti until, like, 11:00, 12:00. >> reporter: at first, niche didn't s.w up for the program and when she did, she wouldn't participate. she was failing her classes at school and says she had little ambition. but then, she started to open up. >> i didn't want to go to college. i didn't because i just feel like i didn't want to do school no more. and then, it was lkst like they to me. it was like, "you can do it." and i was like, "okay." and i can do it. i know i can. i got it in me. >> reporter: now, she's toon trk raduate and will attend penn state university in the fall. if she sees it throu, she'll

be the first in her family to get a college degree. are there kids who you just can't reach sometimes? >> unfortunately, there are some kids that just whatever you do,g you're not go reach them. but if we have five and only reach three, that's a jor accomplishment because that's three more that's not going to be back out on the street. >> reporter: as for senaaj jahson, terrina checks in w him about his bad grades and skipping school... >> you can't tell me, "oh, i overslept. i woke up late, so i didn't go." >> reporter: ...and she pushes him on his career goals. he told her he's interested inbe g a barber. >> so, you just going to be a regular barber? >> i ain't going to work there. i'm going to own it! ay!oh, ok that's what i want to hear! so, you're going to own your own shop, and you're going to have people work for you. >> yes. >> all right. >> get the head laying down proper. >> reporter: so, terrina set wm h a mentor at a nearby barber shop, and he started there a few days later. >> while you're here, we'll show you how... you know, how we do it, you know, what we do. how to hold clippers... >> reporter: it's a chance for senaaj to gain real world experience and a glimpse of possible future. >> i might even have some equipment for you when you leave

out of here, okay? >> okay. >> all right. that will be real nice. >> sreenivasan: tomorrow voters ip turkey will decide whether president recep tardogan will not only be re-elected, but also gain sweeping new powers. campaigning today erdogan, who has led the country as president since 2014, and before that as prime minister since 2003, said he will brability to turkey. erdogan faces five oonents in a tight race. opposition parties claim erdogan ise-rying to establish "an rule." joining us now from washington d.c. is soner cagaptay, author of "the new sultan: erdogan ande the crisis of turkey," and director of the turkish research program at the washington institute-- a non- profit research organization. thanks for joining us. first-. >> my pleasu >> sreenivasan: there are two things voters are being asked to

do tomorrow. we're looking at parliamentary elections and then we're looking at the kind of incre edwers of the predz perez against. let's talk about the second. >> sure thing. voters are casting two ballots tomorrow, second for the presidency. mr. erdogan has been running turkey for the pas ht years, ife wins the ballot tomorrow, he will become head of state, head of government, head of the police, which is a national force in turkey, head of military, and head of ruling party. he will become themost powerfu turkish politician in recent memory, if not since when turkey was established in 1923 at the end of world war i. >> sreenivasan: so what happens to all of the people that are getting elected into that parliament? will they have any sort of a check or a balance on the presidency? >> the parliament does provide a check, but executive powers are invested in the authority of mr. erdogan, and he alswill control the legislative, if his party, justice development

party, a.k.p., wins the electiros. he will cothe parliament. it will effectively turn into a rubber-stamp parliament. i think the problem is he has delivered economic growh and built a base that loves him, a base of mostly conservatives.t he's also demonized and cracked down on demographics that are unlikely to vote for him, from liberals to leftists. when you add these consthtuencies up, make up half of turkey. his challenge is he might win the election by a narrow margin or so but he faces a very divided ectorate where half of the country adores him and the other half loathes him. >> sreenivasan: are there any specific issues driving ople to the polls? is it about the economy or education, or aut how turk seperceived in the world? >> so turkey used have traditional fault lines, left versus right. i thiho the campaignd to us that all of these are really meaningless in a turkish context now. there is only one fault line that trumpeverything else, and that is pro or against erdogan.

that's why he faces stiff competition. at the same time, the opposition has raised not one but wo or three perhaps really competent leaders who are challenging hti, starng with the candidate for the mainpposition party, as well as, the leader of good party, known as "e" party in turkish. these are both competent candidatn . he might e election but the good news for turkish democracy is the silver lining of the crowd, rather is mr. erdogan will face two veryid competent caes coming from the expriet that is significant because turkey is basically a right-wing country. because the challenges came from the left, it allowed him to easily beat them. and now the politics are right wing and conservative and ous. i think mr. erdogan may win, but he faces, number one, a united opnsition, ad, number two, very competent candidates who will challenge him going forward. >> sreenivasan: all right, it will be interesting to watch

tomorrow. soner cagaptay, thchk you very >> my pleasure, thank you. >> this is "pbs newsh" r weekenturday. >> sreenivan: after being picked up off the coast of libya, hundreds of migrants, now on a rescue ship, find themselves in the middle of a political debate. the italian government has turned them away, suggesting they be sent instead to malta. the government of malta has also refused to accept them. itn reporter martha fairlie has more on this continuing crisis. >> reporter: adrift in the desperate tan sea, reach europe by any means, these migrants rescued from their overcrowded dinghy by the charity ship "lifeline" are now call the in a political row. over 200 migrants who left l iba at were picked up by german charity mission lifeline yesterday in what libya. the ship wanted to dock at the

alian island of lamp-- >> dusa. they have threatened to sees the airescue ship, ng it is illegally flying the dutch fl. the interior minister told a rally, "my task is to defend the borders of th wonderful country which cannot become a refugee cathmp. efore, those who have the right to enter italy will enter italy." but rescue crities sayitaly is causing unnecessary suffering. >> there is nnecessity to kp those people at sea, the only reason why that ions de is by the government, to make political statement, and that's unacceptable to maks e politat the expense of people in maritime distress. >> reporter: the u.n. refugee agency sivays 220 l have been lost in shipwrecks in recent days. the charities claim that's proof of italy's tough stance against

migrants is w costing lives. >> sreenivasan: finally, what happens when a icon of youth and counter-culture turns 50? he keeps skating. jown us tomoow for a vis with skateboarding legend tony hawk as he helps bring the sport he made famous to the olympics in 2020. thf's all for this edition "pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made enossible by:

bernard and schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family.an the suedgar wachenheim foundation. dr. p. roy vagelos and d ivagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement produs. that's why we're your retirement company.up additionalrt has been provided by: d by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more. (upbeat music)

♪ yo - [carlos] success is often elusive. especially for those who don' but for edang, a celebrated restaurateur, au,or, and hit tv personali success founushim while he wasng his unabashed perspective on anyone who would listen. - america is the greatest experiment. we all have this excellent opportunity. now what are we going to do with i - [carlos] but how did the son of immigrants fight his way through life on his own terms and make his voice heard in the crowd world of pop culture (eddie shouting) and what was the driving force that set him on the path to breaking big? - [carlos]t makes people successful? what are the unexpected turns in life that propel people to greatness? i'm carlos watson, editor of ozy.