captioning sponsored by wnet >> desjardins: on this edition for sarday, june 30: across the country, protests against trump administration immigration policies; we look at a change in the process that may be keeping migrants in detention longer; and thmayor of stockton, california, with a plan to tur his city around. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> "pbs newshour weekend" is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. an suedgar wachenheim dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. ucosalind p. walter.

barbara hoperberg. corporate funding is providedut byl of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. >> additi aprovided by:s been and by the corporation for public broadcaing, and by contributions to your pbs ik station from viewersyou. thank you. from the tisch wnet stios at lincoln center in new york, lisa desjardins. >> desja good evening, and thank you for joining us. what was a hot summer day for much of the country was also a ated day of protest across the nation over immigration. as the white house stresses the need for border security, critics pot out that thousands of children are still separated from their parents ten days after president donald trump signed an executive order ending family separations. and yesterday, in an immigration court filing, the department of

justice said it plans to detain migrant families together rather than release them, which may mean families will be held for much longer than previously allowed. today, protestors gathered inhu reds of towns and cities demanding immediate change to the nation's immigration policies. mecoalition of advocacy groups under t"families belong together" planned the marches and protests in all 50 states. >> families belong! >> together! >> families belong! >> together! >> desjardins: in washington, d.c., protestors gathered in lafayette square right across from the white house. >> this is what democry looks like this is what democracy looks like! >> desjardins: in new york city, klousands marched across the br bridge. outside los angeles city hall, a huge crowd-- many wearing white- - waved signs reading "worlove our neig and "immigrants make america great" as they protested the president's policies. and in bedminster, new jersey, protestors drove on roads near th,e trump national golf cl

where the president is spending the weekend. responding to calls from some emdrats to abolish the immigration and customs enforcement agency, or ice, this morning, president trump tweeted his su calling them "one of the smartest, toughest and most spirited law enforcement groups of men and women that i have ever seen." he continued with "so brave! the radical left dems want you out. he next claimed, "next it will be all police. zero chance, it will never happen!" despite court orders, it is not tt clear how the united states is goireunite families separated at the border. tonight, we bring you a newshour report on an overlooked issue, what appears to be a change in the immigration process that is keeping some families apart longer. it is the issue of bonds. those are monetary amot ts determinedch judge's discretion. asum seekers and other undocumented immigrants must pay full before they can be released. under the obama administration,

immigration courts often watved or set rely low amounts for these bonds, releasing people to await their hearings. republicans refer to that as "catch and release." now, immigration attorneys say there is a dramatic increase in the number and costs of those bonds and the likelihood that those in detention will remain there longer. our daniel bush just returned frerom the southern border a days of uncovering and reporting on this story. he joins me now. >> desjardins: let's just start with the basics here, what exactly has changed about these bonds? >> under thebama administration, the docht homeland security and immigeation judwere advised nd use their discretion in setting the minimum is 1,500 dollars. often, as you said, those bonds were set at those levels or a little bit higher, often upwards sometimes of $7,500. ebut the change that we seeing now and that a lot of immigration attorneys told me that their clients are being set with bonds of $10,000 or more, i spoke with one attorney who said it is not uncommon to see bonds

up toth $25,000, ant they can't pay that money, then they are going to be in detention. jardins: do you know if any of these cases involve some of these parents who have been separated from their children? and if they can't afford to pay this bond, how long will they be in detention waiting for their hearing? >> so i am aware of some cases where that hasedhapp i spoke with one lawyer who relate add story of her client, a mother who was detained and separated from her parents -- from her children, excuse me, entering the country, this was back in march, the children who are age 4 and 10 were sentto custody under one federal agency, put into foster homes and eventually released to relatives, the mother however was given a $12,500 bond, was unable to pay that and as st two or two or three days ago was still detention while her lawyer and immigrant legal aid groups hre trying to come up wit the money. i spoke with anoer lawyer who said her client was separated from her two-year-old son and in that case the mother was given a

$9,000 bond and is also in detention because she was unable to pay it. >> so we knowhose case months, what is the average for a case to resolve? >> if you get to thpoint in the process, and you have been detained and the government has this credible fear under the law that means that you have a legitimate claim to asylum because yoare fleeing danger or another hardship in your home country you become eligible for bond and that means that while the government is prosecuting yourease you can released and live in the united states while the government decideset r to let you stay here legally or to deport you. the average asylum se right now, because of the massive backlog, a backlog that dates prior to the trump administration is more than 700 days. so often cases a immigran waiting months and sometimes even years in detention while the asylum cases play out. >> desjardins: let's talk about the system more broadly, i think when people thi about the immigration courts they may have an idea of what they see on tv, like law and/or, both sides

mepresented by attorneys but you spent in these courts this is not really what is happening with these migrants. can you explain? >> the rights that immrants have, in the immigration court system are pretty different from the rest of ours justice tem here in the u.s. in criminal court, for example, a defendant is -- has a right to an aorney and the government is required to provide them with one if they can't pay for it emselves. in immigration court, question are civil proceedings, immigrants also have a right to an attorney but thtgovernm is not required to provide one for them if they can't pay for it. so what happens is that immigrants who can't pay for an attorney or who can't find attorney to represent them for fepree will go unsented, as you said, i was able to observe bond hearings and other immigrant court hearings in texas last week in three different courts and the vast majority of the imgrabts who e came befdges were not represented, did not have lawyers. hatdesjardins: what department the department of justice say about a this? do do they want this as ate ence? do they say the system is appointed change? >> i reached out to the

department of justice, it is department of homeland security, the department of homeland security told me thatpolicy has not changed under former president obama, and now president ump, of course, that contradicts what attorneys are aying on the ground which is that bone going up in excess of 10,000 a dollars, the department of justice said that they are not required to record the average bond amount. so it is unclear, because we don't have the statistics how gh these bonds are across the board, but the department of justice and the department of homeland security, you know, say that this policy, which has been in place for a while, is anpo ant part of the process to ensure that immigrants who have beenetained remain in the system while their cases are being processed. >> desjardins: and one mque tion. you weren't just in immigration courts on our side of the border, you were also on the mexican sidee border talking to people who are waiting to file for asylum, families. do they know about this bond policy? >> so i spoke to a group of asylum speakers on the bridge, t one legal entry points in

laredo, and they were waiting on the mexican side of th border to enter the united states. and for the most part, these were families with young children, with their suitcases brcamped out on age, sometimes for hours and often days waiting forerntry. theynot aware of these policies. they were not aware that under president trump their chances oe beinined and not released were significantly higher than they were under obama, they were not aware that once they were in detention the principle way to get out is this bond process, d although the minimum 1,500, we are now seeing bonds that are significantly higher. so they are not aware. >> desjardins: daniel bush, important reng, thank you for joining us. >> thao you, i will san anto >> desjardins: to read dan bush's reporting froe u.s./mexico border, visit www.pbs.org/newshour. >> desjardins: president trump

announced on twitter today thati he wants srabia to iscrease oil production as gas prices continue toin the u.s. the president sa he spoke to saudi arabia's king salman by phone and "explained to him that because of the turmoil and dysfunction in iran and venezuela," saudi arabia should increase exports "maybe up to two million barrels." the president said king salman agreed, but saudi state-runpo media ed only that the two leaders discussed the stability of the oil markets and a potential shortage. there was no mention of an agreement to increase oil production. after three days of protests against his government, iran's united states and sunni-muslim gulf arab states for the unrest. in a speech to the countrygu revolutionard, khamenei said economic sanctions re- imposed after the u.s. withdrew from the multinational 2015

nuclear accord are causing the demonstrations and threatening to destabilize the country. a few thousand families who lost homes in hurricanes harvey, irma and maria last year will now have to move out of temporary federal shelters and work with local agencies to find housing. fema, the federal emergency management agency, ended its transitional shelterg assistance program today after extending the deadline seven times. close to 600 families left homeless by hurricanes were t ill living in hotels in florida this pasek. most will now get help with long-term housing from local charities. the hurricanes hit texas, florida, the u.s. virgin islando and puico in august and september of last year. at the maryland state house inl annapoliast night, a moment of local and national grief as hundreds mourned the victims of thursday's shooting at theap al gazette." phil davis, a reporter at the newspaper, read the names of his five co-workers killed in the attack as the crowd held signs

with photos and the words" annapolis strong." the vigil was followed by a candlelit march. >> desjardins: in 2012, one year before detroit's financialon collapse, stoccalifornia, was the largest city in u.s. history to file for bankruptcy. this followed years of wasteful spending that forced many of the city's public amenities, like community centers and pools, to be closed down a diverse city, stockton has large latino and asian-american populations, and it isnt once again. but one in four of its residents live in poverty, and the colity battles a t crime rate three times that of california's average. as newshour weekend's ivette feliciano reports, the city's new mayor is taking a bold approach to address these problems.

>> reporter: success did not come easily for michael tubbs. he grew up in poverty on the south side of stockton, california, a city struggling with violent crime and homelessness. whkien he was his father was mostly in prison. his single mother struggled, working as a cashier andater doing customer service for a ndalth insurance company while she raised michaelis younger brother. >> she sacrificed so much. she had me when she was a teenager, didn't get to go to college. she worked incredibly hard her whole life. >> reporter: a gifted student, tubbs received a scholarship to attend stanford university. while studying there, he says he was shocked by the difference between life in college and at home. >> i really began to realize that, "oh, it's... maybe it's ..t as normal, some of the things we did to durvive. it wasn't normal to hear gunshots before you went to bed at ght." >> reporter: stanford opened the door to opportunities that had once seemed impossible to a kid from the south side.

>> i used to get in trouble all the timet school for being defiant or for talking back and things of that sort. but at stanford, a those things made me, like, the teacher's pet. i was like, wow, i'm glad i t staye to myself because all these traits they tried to suspend out of me or kick out of me were what made people at stanford say, "this... this is... this guy's a leader. let's support him. let's figure out what it is you want to do." >> reporter: tubbs would on be interning at google; then, in his junior year, at the obama white house. but th same year, 2010, his cousin, donnell james, was murdered at a house pty. at the time, tubbs was considering trying to return to google or join teach for america. that's when he got some stern words from a family friend, sammy nuñez. >> i just remember telling him, "brother michael, how many young people do we need to bury in this community before you come back and serve the community, you know, that raised you?

hleow many pe >> and i was like, "what do you mean?" and he said, "seriously, like, what... what... what would it take for you to feel ready to come back to your home?" and when he said that, i said, "okay, i'm coming back for eare." >> reporter: nuñez fathers and families of san joaquin, a stockton community aid ganization. >> michael had a tremendous opportunity to actually come back with his academic institutional knowledge and reenter community in a way that i believe we should be doing. we're obligated to do it. >> reporter: after graduating from stanford12, tubbs atturned to stockton, where he ran and won a n the city eruncil. four years lat the age of 26, tubbs became the first black mayord in stockton's history, its youngest, as well. his administration itely began to focus on ways for ifw-income stocktonians to themselves out of poverty. but creating the conditions for opportunity in the cy has not

been easy. >> you have a higher chance of getting shot in stockton than in chicago, you know, in a community that has been called the "armpit of california," right? it is evident that our young folks have more access to firearms than they do to fresh fruits and vegetables. >> reporter: mayor tubbs is spearheading a raft of programs addressing violence and inequality in stockton. each initiative receives philanthropic funding and is administered independently.og one m launching next year is an 18-month experiment called the stockton economic empowerment demonstration, or "seed." 100 recipients will receive $500 a month on top of what they earn through work. >> when one in two californians can't afford one $500 emergency, that that tells us that, yes, $500 a month matters. >> we connect, and we talk to people. >> reporter: another program in the works is called advance peace, whichot its start in 07 in the nearby city of

richmond. homicides there have since fallen by more than half. oue treach workers mntact with young men who have had run-ins with law enforceornt and then wwith them on reforming criminal behavior. enrticipants may even earn cash st for meeting certain benchmarks like holding down a job or going through drug rehabilitation. >> the idea is to target and identify the guys who are currently driving our violent crime rate, which is less than 1% of the population, and to flood them with as much attention as the police used to give them. >> reporter: not everyone is on board with the programs the mayor advocates. advance peace has drawn criticism from some in stockton, including the city councilwoman, christina fugazi. she voted against the advance peace program when it came before the council. >> alternative programs, i think they're great, but i don't think that they are a substitute foren larcement. we have a department called the office of violence prevention

that does pretty much what advanced peace does. and so, i think we need to look at, "why dicrime drop in richmond?" well, what they did was, they incread their police staffing spmbers. they focused on hos. they focused on the individuals that werehe doingrime. and they worked on that diligently. >> reporter: the mayor says that while advance peace isn't the only solutioiolent crime, the evidence shows that it has pelped. >> so, advancee, pardon the pun, is not a magic bullet. but it's been proven to be a part of a solution trked for a city not too far away from us. that's why they're still doing it ten years later. and the fact that 80 other cities are considering bringing advanced peace suggests to me that... that... that it... it... it works. >> reporter: another one of the mayor's programs is already up and running. stockton scholars provides scholarships to high school graduates from stockton unifiedg

the city'sst school district. about 1,800 students graduate from the district each year. those attending a four-year college will receive $1,000 a year, and those attending a two-year community college or trade school will get $500 a year. >> i think opportunity is the most powerful lever of change, especially individual change, in... in this society. the choices pele make matter, or sure, but choices don't exist in vacuums. thathoices exist in environments. and environments and communities are often created through policy choices our leaders make, and that communities make, and that councilmembers make so, i'm just motivated and driven to make se that everyone has as much opportunity as possible. >> reporter: mayor tubbs says tha,0t makes a real dent in the cost of, say, a canifornia statersity, where annual tuition is typically around $5,700. ic we worked with the c.s.u. chancellor's o and they told us that, given the average

income of stockton unified students, that $1,000 was the gap between all the aid they would receive and what tuition costs. >> reporter: an anonymous $20 million donation funds stockton scholars. >> hi, my name is erica samuels. >> reporter: the program bins in full next year. to kick things off this year, 20 high scho seniors were chosen to receive a one-time scholarship of $1,000 each. >> daveed diggs! >> reporter: in may, a celebration honoring them featured actor daveed diggs, o the stars of "hamilton. >> stockton! cheers ) that was garbage. stockton! ( louder cheers ) that's what i'm talking about. >> reporter: celin corpuz received one of the scholarships. raised by a single mother fromip the phnes, celin will be the first in her family to go to college. >> thank you! >> reporter: we spoke with her at stockton's little manila center, where she interns and

takes part in performances. when you thought about paying for school, what crossed through your mind? >> i was worried, where will i get the money? it was. it was about, what resources do i have and what i can work with? and who can help me actually input the numbers into the system of how much i need to pay epr? >>ter: celin will be attending a state school, u.c. lavis. another schip recipient, yojairo morales, will be going to a private school. >> and this fall, i will be attending university of southern california to study computer and politiccience. >> reporter: he is receiving state and federal grants to help pay for tuition. the stockton scholars program will help pay for his housing. >> the $1,000 meant a lot for my family because it's just... it's less money that my... that i have to worry about paying, and it's less money than my parents haveo, like, see me go in de for, even though, like, they would want... they would love to help me. but they... they're not able to because of expenses. so, it just means a lot to my family because it just means less worrying and less stress on us.

>> reporter: it's too early to scy what effects stockton lars will have on the city, but if its first recipients are any indication, the city may be able to hang on to its top students. >> i acmitually do plan on back after college. i know the term for it now is called "boomerang." e , i definitely want to boomerang back h stockton with... becoming an educator and also helping my community out. >> i definitely see myself coming back to stockton. i don't know exactly what i wand but i definitely want to use my computer science degree t create things that are beneficiour city, that are beneficial to the country. >> they're leaving thinking, "well, i've got to. i'm leaving to... to come back. i'm leaving to get the skills atd tools to come back." and . that's inspiring. >> we want you to accomplish everything youave ever dreamed in your life. all of your dreams, go forth and accomplish all of them. and then, while you're doing it, i want you to say, "oh, yeah, and i'm from stockton, california." ( cheers and applause )

>> this is "pbs newshour weekend," saturday. >> desjardins: hundreds thousands of rohingya have fled violence at the hands of the myanmar army in the last ten months. for those who made it safely to refugee camps in baengladesh, challenge is access to medical care. i.t.n.'s debi edward reports. >> and the staff must be prepared to deal with any kind ar case a. this pay by girl ved listless and hardly conscious. >> this on her head ha ha become severely infected and she is extremely malnourished, there are three inpatient tents wherea bangladesh staff work alongside a team of international volunteers. >> we are trying t the dressings on the ward. you will see another child there, we gave some oil ket mean

and this helps but this child hasn't required anything. >> it is difficult for ambulances to access the refugee camps, they are, they are used to transport patients to other specialist units in the area. >> the most cases of humanitarian and natural disaster relief, the red cross aftertart pulling out four months. they now have been here for nine, and they a about to start replacing some of these tents with something more rotist. an indic that they anticipate the critical need here will contue. >> the hospital next door has just expanded its maternity facilitial. their neonnit is always running he capacity. >> are lots of premature and problem births in the camps. >> we return to the red cross hospital to check on the baby we have seen earlier.>> he was alert and doing much better. it is hoped the 39 day old girl

will soon be strong gh to receive the virtal ry she needs. >> >> desjardins: finally tonight, we wanted to end on a lighter note, and this certainly qualifies-- it's "all aboard" and "hlo kitty" in japan. a specially-adorned bullet train is now running between the cities of osaka and fukuoka. fans can enjoy selfies with "hello kitty" on the pink and white train. believe it or not, "hello kitty" ns first introduced at the end of ton era in 1974. ore is now 44 years old. that's allhis edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm lisa desjardins. thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by ss group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made

possle by: bernard and irene schwartz. the cheryl and philip milstein family. the sue and edgar wachenheim fodation. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. the anderson family fund. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckeerg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has beenov ed by: f and by the corporati public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. be more.

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