captioning sponsored by newshour productions, ll >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a new chapter for mexico as left- leaning presidential candidate andres manuel lopearobrador decles victory. then, behind rebel lines in yemen: how the u.s.-backed saudi forces are causing children to starve. >> the reality of their life is that when they wake up in the morning they have no idea if they will eat that day. no idea. 8.5 million people are in that category. >> woodruff: and, race matters-- perspectives on living while black from the president of the n.a.a.c.p. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contrutions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: president trump's search for a u.s. sucourt nominee is gaining momentum. asmee met today with the pri minister of the netherlands, mr. trump said he interviewed four candidates just this morning. >> i'll be meeting with two or three more and we'll make a decision on a new justice that will be made over the next few w days all be announcing it on monday and i look forward to that. i think the person that's chosen

will be outstanding. >> woodruff: meanwhile, senate minority leader chuck schumer urged democrats to reject any nominee who'd oppose abortion rights and expanded health care coverage. he singled out federal appeals judge amy coney barrett of chicago, calling her an "activist judge." in southwestern syria, a government offensive against rebels sent thousands more refugees fleeing for safety over the weekend. united nations officials now say the number leaving has topped 270,000. many are fleeing toward theda closed jan border. that country's foreign minister said today he will hold talks with his russian counterpart. russia is backing the syrian offensive. good news today about 12 boysso and theier coach, trapped in a cave in thailand. they were found alive, nine days after they went exploring, and the cave complex flo.

the region's governor said thai navy seals located the group inside a partially flooded carn. rescuers sent in food and water, but the operation is far from over. >> ( translated ): when the medics have evaluated the children if their heal is in good condition, we will care for them until they have enough strength to move by themselves, and then we will evaluate th situation on bringing them out again later. >> woodruff: a doctor is spending the night with theo boys, nge in age from 11 to 16. meanwhile, more monsoon rain is rmrecast. there's word that chancellor angela merkel has reached agreement with her interiorinister on immigration policy. it could end a dispute that jeopardized hegovernment. interior minister horst seehofen had threat last night to resign over his demands for tougher curbs on migrants. his christian social union is part of merkel's coalition. c

back in thntry, the f.b.i. says it arrested a cleveland man who talked of bomb july fourth parade. demetrius pitts was chargeday suith trying to support a terrorist organization.al offisay he scouted potential targets for an undercover agent who posed as an al-qaeda contact. >> he looked for locations to park a van that would be packed with explosives. he talked about targets like st. john's cathedral off the map. and just yesterday he discussed giving remote controlled cars packed with explosives and shrapnel to e children of our military uniform members. >> woodruff: the f.i. says pitts was radicalized in the united states, and there's no evidence he ever traveled abro. movie producer harvey weinstein was indictedton new charges y. he's now accused of sexually assaulting a third woman. it allegedly happened in 2006. weinstein has already been

charged with sexually assaulting two other women in 2004 and 2013. a new wildfire in northern californ burned out of control today, after growing by nearly a third overnight. the big blaze has spread across 70 square miles and forced evacuations north of sacramento. hot, dry hot winds have fann the fire since it ignited saturday. it's only 3% contained and threatens more than 100 buildings. another big fire, in colorado, has forced evacuations of more than 2,500 homes. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained 35 points to close at 24,307. the nasdaq rose 57 points, and the s&p 500 added eight. still to come on the newshour: mexico elects a populist president. what it means for u.s. relations behind rebel lines in yemen's civil war.

race matters: living while black. perspective on the daily and sometimes deadly racial incidents, and much more. t >> woodruff: aft previous runs for mexico's top office, andres manuel lopez obrador won wthat prize last night, a big, beating his two main rivals by double digits and cementing a strong mandate in mexico. "amlo" as he's known, received a congratulatory pne call today from president trump. the two leaders discussed trade, migration and security. nick schifrin has been in mexico for the last 10 days, and reports tonight from a country that's spoken up for change. >> on the streets of mexico city they celebratedded a victory

more than a decade in the making. supporterrerof mexico president collect obrador hugged stranges are andye staup late to mark the victory and mandate to change the country, 39 year old diana and 36 yeadr ol daniel voted for obrador and against thlestablishment piticians they consider corrupt. >> we have had many presidents who have misused 9 national budget and now we eswant resourc to be used properly, in favor of the peem, not in favor of the e w. >> reporter: in ty's central square lopez obrador wildly known by hi initials amlo spoke to tense of thousands. >> there will be no divorce between the government and the people. itbe a government of the people, for the people and with the people. >> this is the historic district of mexico city and tonight there is a party. i talked to oyoung people wh tave come out here who say tha they now hope for their future, i talked to older people without say that they havk e been sic

the corruption and hope for their children and grand children's future bt now perhaps comes the hard part. and the campaign turns to government and they haveo fill all their promises. >> when he a roofed in the nearby h toll make his official acceptance speech the man who describe himself as a political saffier moderated his tone. >> the changes will be profound but thy will be carried out in accordance to the rule of law. >> businessman alphonso ramo will translate what critics say the unrealistic economic politics into policy. >> radical? >> no, ihink you have to see-- you have to study mexico city. he is not a radical. >> amlo was mexico city's mayor from 2 thousand to 20056789 and even his critics admit he gov rned p the more than 40% of mexicans live below the poverty line and amlo has promised them josebs,

peand schips. >> the problems are vast, areut enormouse have to be disciplined. and the important thing is to change the coue of the vote. i'm not trying to do everything in one year. >> can you keep your promises and not raise taxes. th>> absolutely. is a promise. >> where is the money going to come from. >> from savings and fhting corruption.op and imizing expenses. >> but many economists doubt amlo's ambitious promise that cutting corruption wilpay for his programs. romo admit this he will have to prioritize. >> you never have enough money. i have businesses that would love to do many things. i never have enough money, but do i this, the key things in order to direct the course within the other reassurance amlo's team wantso provide, coordination with the u.s. will. contin marco will help run the security polls'. >> we're looking forward with the u.s. i think we need each

other think basically we need the technology that we lack. and that the u.s. has. >> that mea on the mexico guatemala border where central americans can easily cross on rafts, increased border checkpoints and surveillance and on the u.s.-mexico border, improved checks on people going north and guns going south. >> with the u.s. and mexico are now led by men who portr themselves as populists protecting their countries from enemiesnd that could be through a clash dleu lopez obrador and president trump. >> i hope i does not affect the rilationship with the security because that wab te. i think that in order to work 100 percent well on security issue, things economicically have to work out also. >> amlo will also face the massive challenge of violence.e lastr was the most violent in mexico since the government started tracking homicides. amlo's promise to curtail the killing that most experts believe will take a generation.

>> people are expecting a lot from him, right? that is one ofthe big problems. expect expectations, expectations. i'm won't accept any excuses. they want to see results in 3, 6 months and it's not easy. >> in mexico there iso much hope and so many problems, it takes just one voter, ra feel rivera sister, brother-in-law and nephew were all murdered by mexico a organized crime. >>n their honor we wil support this new government. we want mexico to be blesdz, for the vy lengths and corruption to stop. en>> those problems are rmous. but for one night,meicans celebrated a sweet victory and hoped for a better future. >> woodruff: and nick schifrin joins me, nick, i know they are still in the glow of this big win but do his supporters believe that he can actually deliver on his promises.y

>> te certainly hoping he can deliver but they did not hope for him for the specificsmi of his prs. they voted for him because his predecessors ant the cur government have failed and are looking for new ideas. and that really goes to show that pele are looking for change here. how does proceed pose to fix ofme of the problems in terms corruption, we have talked about targeting a mafia in powruer. ing an austere government, lowering senior officials salaries and in ter violence he talked about low level amnesty, but his promise,r judyvague. and that really shows that mexicans are fed up and looking for new ids rather than some of the old failed ideas of the past. but they have huge expectations. and as we just heard in that story, will have to deliver very quickly. and as many populist politicians have discovered in the past, while winning may be alative leighy, gov nern-- governing is harder. >> also, nick, know that there are critics out there saying this say man with authoritarian tendencies, is there going to be a check on the

power that he has? >> in a word answer, no. will control both houses congress, many governorships and this is what one critic says, he has a dth star. and we simply don't know whether he will use that power for good or el but certainly ahe takes power there will be a lot of merks cans, more than hl this country voted for him, watching to see what he does with that to power. >> nick schifrin wrapping up a week of great reporting in mexico, thank you, nick. >> thanks, judy. n >> woodruff: a perspective from former ambassador roberta jacobson. she served as u.s. ambassador to mexico until earlier this year, when sheesigned over what she said were concerns about the trump administration's policies arward the country. that ended a 30-areer at the state department; among mane posts,erved as assistant secretary of state for western hemisphere affairs during the obama administration, during which she led the diplomatic effort to open relations with cuba.

welcome back it to the newshour. >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: so when comes to amlo, the new leader of mexico, we just heard a lot of conversation about whether people think oe can deliv all of these promises. is he someone you see ales o do what he says he is going to do? >> well, i think that very enormous exepgs assay and as nick said, but i think there e also a lot of people willing to give him a chance. the kinds of changes he is suggesting will take congress, it lacks like is he going to have majorities. so that may enable him to do what he wants. but they alsare thends of things that can't be done very and soo that's the real duestion, will mexicans have enough patience anough willingness to wait for some of anges. >> >> woodruff: and it does sound like there is a fair amount unknown about what we can expect. >> absiutely.

i mean own policy pronouncements and those of his team during the campaign were all over the map. and so there is some things that you can poent to that ar very reassuring, on economics, on other pbjects of imortance to the u.s. but there are others that wee inflammatory and of concern. so which amlo will govern. >> let's talk first about border security. the president, president trum said they talked on the phone today for something like half an hour. >> right. >> woodruff: what do we think he can actually get done when it comes to borderecurity that i different from what the yen mexico government is doing. >> right, and that will be really interesting. i think as we know there are actually fewer merks coming into the united states than leaving. so this is largely a problem of nonmexican my ants. especially from central america. and they go through or sometimes even stay inntexico. so cur mexico is helping with the return of some of those

my grants. will lopez observe ra obrador continue that? that wasn't a huge issue in the campaign but whahe did say was did not necessarily sound encouraging in terms of help on that score. u> woodruff: you mention, yo said when it comes to the economy, you think he may well be able to do what, toke some changes. we know that nafta remains a huge issue. s the president ing we'll deal with that after the mid term elections issueness with right, i mean what is interesting is mexico's transition and our own fall mid term elections are sort of con current because lopez obrador doesn't take office until after our mid term that is the point in which formally he would sit down with the administration, although hhas asked to be part, to have his team be part of any nafta associations that take place before he's inaugurated. but his own potential negotiator

for nafta has said he thinks that is lopez obrador, that h thinks that the pena neato administrations, the currt mexican administration has done a pretty good job in the nafta negotiations. and the really tough part has been frankly some of the intrangent positions of the trump administration, so it is hard to know whether fla side will chae or whether i the leaders get along well at the top,aybe theres more flexibility. >> woodruff: and i want to ask you about that in a minute but before i do just a stion about corruption. a huge issue, a huge challenge ico.him in mex what is the real expectation there? >> i think the expectation ris theye actually among the most difficult to saisfy. mexico, these electors were largely looking at the corruption issue, the security issue and the economy to some extent but corruption was top of mind 6789 and there is a national anticorruption plan in mexico which is not fully

implemented. so lopez obrador could move ahead on that plan aggressively. step up a speci prosecutor, et cetera. the question is will he, he didn't have any specific polszee recommend aitionzs that came up during the campaign. >> woodruff: and finally you mentionepresident trump, the relationship between the two men, as i said in the introduction, did you leaveour post and you have spork enoutit abou because it's problems you had with the administration policies toward mexico. what are you looking for between the two.>> ell, i think for starters, and one can only hope that today's phone call is thegi ing of that, we nied to see less vil if i kaition of mexico and mexicans by the president, frankly, asd oth in the administration. those are the things that mexicans were united about. that they really dislike those tweets or rallying cries aboutn mexicanshow to characterize them and that they are never

going to pay for the wall. those are two things they were unified on. if we can have a more civil ctne, a more respectful tone and one that chas how much we both benefit from this relationship, en there is the possibility of progress. so i would be looking for the two of them to have probably ngme similarities and get alo as people because there are some ulist,rities, pop nationalist but the policy issues will remain and be very tough. >> so much to keep an eye on, at this poi. roberta jacobson who formally represented the united states in mexico, thank you very much. >> thank you, judy. >> >> woodruff: we have reported from yemen many times over the years, but access to the land held by the iranian-backed houthi rebels is extremely rare,

and dangerous. egt tonight, we begin a series reported from thatn. we must she this warning: ages in the story will disturb many viewers. but they a what is happening in one of the world's most desperate places, mired united states is supporting through a saudi-led coalition. special correspondent jane ferguson has just returned from rebel-held yemen, and tonight d ings us the first of three reports from behinrebel lines. >> reporter: life is slipping away from maimona shag she suffers the agony of starvation in silence. no longer able to walk or talk, at 11 years old, little maimona's emaciated body weighs just 24 poun. watching over her is older brother najib, who brought her to this remote hospital in

yemen, desperate to get help. the nurses here fight for the lives of children who are starving. >> ( translated ): because of the war she is suffering from malnutrition. her father is jobless. most of the families in yemenar jobless.or >> rr: every day she says she sees these sorts of cases. people have no work, therere they have no money, and there's just no foyo in the house. were never supposed to see these images of maimon a blockade of houthi rebel-held northern yemen by saudi arabia stops reporters from getti here. journalists are not allowed on reights into the aa. the only way into l held yemen is to smuggle yourself in and for me that means being dressed entirely as a yemeni woman with a full face veil, just to get through the checkpoints.

i drove across the embattled front nes to see what's actually happening inside what the united nations is calling the world's worst humanitarian disaer. the hunger here, and this human catastrophe is entirely man- made. yemen was already one of the poorest countries in the middlea , and the war has pushed an already needy people to the brink of famine. in the midst of political chaos in yemen after the arab spring, houthi rebels from the north captured the capital sana'a in 2014, before sweeping south and causing the country's then president to flee. neighboring sunni saudi arabia views the houthis, from a zaiydl yemeni sece to of shia islam and backed by rival iran, as an unacceptable threat along their border. so it formed a militaryit con of countries in 2015, determined to defeat the houthin reinstate hadi as president.

crucial military support for the campaign is provided by the united states, a long-time ally of saudi arabia. after three years of aerial bombardmt and fighting on the ground, the coalition has, so far failed to dislodge rebels. what the campaign has done, is devastate the economy, leaving two thirds of the population relying on food aid for survival, and over eight million people on the brink of arvation. i traveled across this country to see for myself what that looks like. since ancient times, yemenis have lived securely in villages perched high up on mountain tops. but now they can't hold off the hunger, like in al rafeah village. because people are so desperately poor here they can't afford to take their starving children into the hospitals and towns because they don't have

so the worst cases and the real signs of this hunger crisis are in villages just like th. hannah and her little brother ali are frighteningly thin. their grandma tells me food prices shot up beyond their f reach when thting started." tee month after the war st we were starving," she says." we are dying from hunger and we don't know what to do." their dad ahmed picks up occasional work whenever its available. but most of the time all he can afford to give them is a smile. nearby sits gebran, so frail he can no longer walk. the saudi-led coalition imposere a blockade ol held yemen because, they say, houthi rebels are bringing in weapons from iran. all food coming into the country must get approval from saudi usabia. that process is atingly slow and has helped push food prices up. yahya al habbari is one of yemen's main importers of wheat.

he says saudi inspections in nearby pts hold everything up. >> all our wheat shipments, with each shipment worth about $16 to 18 million, it stops at djibouti for six to five weeks, which every single day costs us $25,000 for the ship owners. >> reporter: bridges, markets and businesses have been ruined by airstrikes. higovernment workers in ho controlled areas of the north haven't been paid in two years. before the war, the yemeni government was the country's biggest employer by far. when wages suddenly stopped, millions lost their livelihoods. >> the very simple fact is that most of the civil seemants as of ser 2016 have not been receiving their salaries.

that's affecting, if you include the civil servants with their families, nine million pple out of a country of 28 to 29 million. >> reporter: that's what happened to maimona's family. her father was a public school teacher, a job that pays ms dle class ware. now, with almost no money coming in, they are destitute. i went back to the hospital to check oner a few days later. her mother had arrived from their village and maimona was >> ( translated ): my husbandf now receives hmonths salary in one year and when it comes we have debts to pay that are more than the salary. the house is full of kids and we don't have athing to give them. reporter: maimona was feeling better after some treatment. the doctors have saved her life, but the money problems thatil nearlyd her will still be there when she returns home. udi-led bombing campaign and blockade have brought yemen's economy to its knees, but the houthis also make life difficult for aid workers to get

access to the most needy. mistrust and harassment of foreign aid organizations is pervasive. international aid workers cannot access areas as dangerous veryften and even the yemeni aide workers often struggle help these people. >> meanwhile the crisis is spiraling, with the number of people going hungry risg by the day. >> these d she heads up the humanitarian effort in yemen. >> >> most of the 8.5 million t peopt we describe as being pre famine, the reality of their life is that when they wake up in the morning they have no idea if they will eat that day. no idea. 8.5 million people are in that category. the u.n. estimates that by the end of this year if there is nod

ano this war another 10 million yemenis will be in that situation. that's 18 million innocent civilians who are the victims of this war and that's wh humanitarians are saying, "enough is enough, there has to be a political solution and the parties to this conflict have to sit at that table and agree to stop this." >> reporter: the warring parties are not yet listenllg to that earlier this month, an offensive r hodeidah city, current controlled by the houthis, was launched by the saudi-led coalition. f almost all td coming into rebel held yemen come through tle port there, and united nations says a bthere would stop the flow of food to millions. if they hope to survive, the nglnourished children arri into yemen's hospitals will need to hold on even longer for this disaster to ease. the truth is, many of them won't outlive this war. for the pbs newshour, i'm jane ferguson in hajja, yemen.

>> woodruff: now after her reportintrip to houthi- controlled yemen, our brave special correspondent jane ferguson. jane, that was very hard to watch. such important rorting. which leads may to this question. it has been difficult for reporters to get to where you got behind rebel lines, how did you do that? >> to get in i had to go aone. i tried for a very long time to see if it was possible to bringe th in, a cameraman of my own, and that wasn't possible simply because i had to be smuggled in. piece there i th was dressed as a yemeni woman, that was the only way to get passed the checkpoints. essentially it is just a case of droofing in and hoping you are not asked for i.d. and turd back or arrested on the way. >> woodruff: tell us a little bit, there are two moe stories come in this series. tell us about them, the firstp one lains more of what the u.s. role here is. wi that's right, the next story that will be up be talking

about the aerial bombardment of these aras, thre has been an aerial campaign, a bombingca aign against the houthi rebels and that las been essentially carried out by the saudi led coalition of countries fighting the saudi houthis but there is one that is more passively behind, not quite as we'rg to be looking at govisible. that role. >> woodruff: and quickly the third report then in the series, the houthis themselves, who are they, their connection to iran. >> they are a group, you know, which is becominmore well-known as this conflict carries on but like because journalists aren't able to get into those areas, italso been hindering a greater understanding of who they are. they have ben accused-- accused by the saudis and americans of having very close relationships, with iran, being compleel completely armed by iran, having hezbollah having a more formal relationship with them.

they say that is not the case, they have a political alliance, hical alliance but that they themselves are an independent yemeni group fighting against what they see s invading force. >> woodruff: has become such a subject ofolitical dispute including right here in this country. jane ferguson, such important reporting, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: a number of recent incidents have highlighted how racial tension or bias, even what social scientists call unconscious bias, can escalate. this sprd summer, those concerns have taken on new urgency and risen to national attention as routine ents can turn into confrontations among citizens and sometimes with the police. yamiche alcindor explores this issue further in this race matters report. >> alcindor: several of the latest conontations havete

involved whi citizens calling police on african-americans engaged in typical, everyday activities. including a 12 year-old mowing lawns ne cleveland, ohio, two men barbecuing at a public park in oakland, california, or this eight-year-old girl selling bottled water without a permit, outsidthe san francisco giants' ballpark. the woman who called police here nebeing captured on cell p video posted by the girl's mother. >> you can hide all you want, the whole world gonna see you, boo. >> yeah, illegally selling water without a permit. >> omy property. >> it's not your property. >> alcindor: the woman who made the call later apologized, and redenied that her actions racially motivated. most of these incidents took place outside and in public and were caught on video that often went viral. while none of those incidents resulted in rests or charges being filed, they followed other high profile confrontations, including one in may that took a much more violent turn. poli in warsaw, north caroli responded to a call from waffle house employees over an alleged

argument with a black patron. and offirs slammed 22-year-old anthony west into a wall and choked him. they said west, who had taken his sister to her high school prom earlier that nit was uncooperative. he was later charged with disorderly conduct and.esisting arre the c.e.o. of waffle house later apologized to west, privately. and in early april, two black men were arrested in a nphiladelphia starbucks w employees called police because the men had taken a tablede without ng anything. the men were later released, and settd with the city for $1 each, and a pledge from to establish a program for young entrepreneurs.ta the founder ofucks personally apologized to the men. >> ihink as i share with you in philadelphia it was a reprehensible situatiowe took complete ownership of something that was embarrassing and horrifying and all the issues we talked about that day. >> alcindor: and the company closed thousands of its stores nationwide a month later, for a one-day employee training session, on how to recognize and

usovercome implicit, uncon bias in their decision making. all of this comes at a time when police behavior and response is under scrutiny, particularly awhen it comes to detaini arresting black people. on june 19th, police in eastan pittsburgh shokilled 17 year-old antwon rose, as he fled a car. the vehicle was stopped during -be investigation of a dri shooting. rose was shot three times in the back as he ran. the officer who fired the shotse was later chwith criminal homicide. many of these incidents have taken on hashtag and meme of their own, often referred to as "living while black." we examine the concerns d some of the responses with the president of the n.a.a.c.p., derrick johnson. thanks so much want to jumpe, right in. there is an incident after incident of people calling the police on black peple while doing regular, every day things like swimming andbe baring. what do you think is at the heart of these incidents. >> well, we have seen since the president's election in 216 an

increase of intolerance. you have individuals who simplyo seg kids and think they are criminals, they pose a danger. in my home city of detroit, much mitch, 14 year oldimply asing for direction to school to get shot at. the fvel intolerance is germ naturing directly from the white house. >> some people are crit siegz the police saying theshouldn't respond when someone calls the police on an eight year old selling about the eled wat what roles do you think the police have especially when the thinks say that they need tod respcause if they are called, they need tone gage. >> at some point the poli need to take account that individuals are being falsely cused, and those whe accusing should also be facing criminalharges. how could anyone cul the police on an eight year old selling bottled water. the level of i tlerance is something that needs to be responded back to by the police so the false claim, those individuals making the claim should be charged. >> and in some of these incidents we see white people,

white women calling the police on black people, these callers often say that they aren't motivated by rae, they are just concerned citizens that want to talk to the police. nd what your response do you make of people saying that people should have the right to call the police if they have a concern. >> we're not suggesting noalone shouldthe police but it is something we have seen across the country for many years. the difference now between the past is social media has allowed individual citizens to capture what is taking place to report it, and or have a counte the truth. >> people are so disturbed by some of these incidents because we have seen lethal incidents where lice hae encountered unarmed african-americans an ot them injust fieically but de also saw starbucks clo thousands of its doors to train their employees on implicit bias on unconscious bias, are you encouraged b what you see starbucks and others doing. >> when corporate citizens such as starbucks underst complexity of what is taking place, we take a step back, shut

down the stores, tae a ss to ensure that their employees understand the seriousness of misrepresenting someone's character or behavior. that is sinificant. other corporations should take note. >> so what do you think the naacp is doing or should be doing to kind of counteract some of the things you talk talked about. >> presidential election is the high water mark of activity, mid term ections is when activit goes down. we are encouraging our voters, individuals ro have voting fo the presidential we must go vote during this mid term elections,e elections onsequences and we're living through those consequences. >> race issues in particular,id long before prt trump was elected to office, you referenced that president trumpe ral times but what do you make of the idea that this has been a long history going backti genes of people, looking at african-americans and saying hey, that is a criminal, i need to call police, overcriminallizing african-americans. >> the answer ist has goon a long time but to normalize what is taking place, thais what is happening now. there was a time it would have

brch unheard of in the last 50 years to have a shot rally and over time people say this is not right. but since the presidential election we have srpen a sha increase, in fact, since the election of president obama i 2008 we have seen this increase. and now there a complete loss of distrust, and media plays a key role in creating trbalism in ways we have not seen in many many years. >> do you believe if someonean then elect, go to the ballot box, election an official that cares about raise discrimination, cares about caese issues, that that will stop someone froling the police on a girl who is selling bottled water, do you think this is something ultimately political or do you think there is a cultural change that needs happening. >> it is account ability questions that i'm raise. police officeronly respond there is accountability in place. so when you havce acountable district attorneys to ensure they will apply the law equally, then the police officers a just

their behavior. if you have an elected a observations w leaders in their communities and put in place public policy to hold people acble, then the lefts of intolerance will god, away aecause there is an account ability measure that is in place. >> you talked out the laws, you talked about policies, but teat we're talking about whi citizens is looking at an african-american child sea setting bottled water and say i need to you will ka e cops t ark is not a law toking change but someone's heoking at the child and say something kneeleds to happen here. >> it is hard to legislate someone's heart. the only thing you can do is put accountability measures in place and hope that different communities embrace a multicultural reality where people can have greater appreciation and understanding. >> i want to ask you abo president trump's nomination to the supreme court. we don't know who they are yet. however a lot of these lethal cases with police are ultimately litigated in the courts. in your opinion andthe view of the naacp what are some of

the most important things thatgh come before the supreme court. >> for us, we're saying that the new standard that the ma jortd leader established where the appointment of the last supreme court nominee should be the standard now. there shuld be any one seated until after the new senate is seated. that is because the supcoreme t is significant. we have the voting rights act will be right back before the supreme court in the near htture, all types of civil rig gains have brn made over time will come before this courted paf we allow an activist court to wipe out the gains mde over the last 50 years, we will be a worse nation nor it. >> thank you so much for joining me, derek johnson, president of the naacp. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, back to the looming high-stakes showdown over justice anthony knedy's

seat on the supreme court, a debate that could very well define the politics of this summer. john yang begins there. re yang: judy, we will talk about that, and in politics monday. we're joined by amy walter, national editor of the "cook political repoge," and susan washington bureau chief for "usa today." amy, welcome. we don't even have a nominee yet but we're already debating the nominee's positions on issues. >> of course, john, this is where we live now. we don't have to have a candidate to already have battle lines. we know this in this polarized environment weretty much kno how most peb members of the senate will vote regardless of who the nominee. is so the actual tarts in terms of vulnerable or senators who could flip their vote is very narrow, that is why we are talking so much abonut a hadful of democrats in red states who are up in 2018 and then a couple of republicans, lisa murkowski sfrom alaska, an colins from main, the next real fight and i

think this is a fietd that will go beyond the nominee and maybe even beyond the vote is is defining the terms of th debate around what this. is you already see democrats talking about this, this say referendum on roe v. wade and on access to health cre, for republicans they want to make this a referendum on the quality and qualifications of the supreme court nominee, and use it to mizb their base to say see, this is what happens wgn yo control of the senate and the presidency. you control who sits on the court. let's not move that in 218. let's go turn out and make sure w keep our practice jort in the senate. >> well, that's true. i think democrats face a really uphill battle here. you know it is possible that president trump puts forward ami e that has some vuller in abilities, some things we don't know about him, some coemprom that happens occasionally there might be a fighting chance but i think this is one that was pretty much settled by the 2016 election. the president gets to make a

nomination.he the senate isvery united behind him by and large on even things on which would be less pressure than this. so i think it would be an extraordinary step for the democrats to be able to deny confirmation.y what tght do, though, is generate some enthusiasm, maybe some anga amongse democratic voters, help them turn out. but a supreme court fight is also likely to the same thing for the other side. this is helpful for republicans to have a fight over an issue like this. demonstrating exactly the value of them hanging together as they in 2016. >> we've already seen it, talking about the battle lines drawn, susan kol insurance over the weekend saying that a demonstrated-- to "roe versu a wade" would eal breaker for her but that. >> we know in these hearings the justices, ther bheeme potential justices are not going to come right on out and say well, i'm absolutely going to make a statement aut "roe

versus wade" or any other established precedent, they might find a way to dance around it. susan is also right. the focus as susan collins said on that one republican vote but there are plenty of democrats who re7 cans could get to come and vote. so i think it is will be very hard to deny it. but the overall ladscape fight over roe v. wade i thinke democrats beliat that is also going to turn out the kinds of people who don' normally turn out for mird-term elections because this has never been a refer written in a mid term year. >> the other top, separating families at the border. liss an desjardins my colleague has been reporting forofhe departmenthealth and human services, they say they are no longer receiving children who are berg separatedm their families at the borde but that hs park sparked a whole other debates be request the disem attic party. let's lis tone senators kirsen gillibrand. >> we should protect famies

that need our help, that is not dat ice isoing today that is why i believe you should get rid of it, start ovner, reimait and build something that actually works. >> you need to abolish ice now, you still have the same president with same failed policy, whatever you replace it with w wll refleat this president want toes do. >> so no you don't support abolishing it. >> i think there are a lot of other things we can do before we get tohat point. >> susan, as the disem krats suggest el to figure t how to respond to president trump s this now going to be a debate in the party, whether primaries, whether or not you want to get rid of ice. >> dwen, it is a gift to rep karchs. or immigrationet to be a great issue for democrats in this election because there was a lot ofab concert the separation of children at the border under the previous trmp administration policy and over the failure to do anything about the situation facing dreamers, so immigration is an issue that ought to be great for democrats.s this is an i that gives president trump and republicans on opening to argue that democrats aren'tg to be

tough on the borders, that can only help republicans. >> i think there has been an sue for democrats for a long time, not just recently and i think democrats have been quite frankly very receipt den eve as the dhaka situation was unfolding to make this a campaign issue. they yave spent manyars, especially people who have been in congress for a while, wahing the issue of immigration be turned against them. you don't ware about safety. you don't care about security. you support the rights ofl illemigrants 6789 are you not spending enough time worried about what is going on he 9 white house sent out a tweet, for example, to senator harris from california who also was calling for ablishing ice in some way. this is the white house twitter account saying why are you supporting the animals of ms-13. you must nott know whe really does. so the expectation is that republicans are oing to make those same arguments against democrats, i think that wasgo g to happen anyway. we saw it happen in the virginia gov ner erase where the issue of

ms-13 and sanctuary city 3r-s used against the democratic candidates to try to paint him as notough enough on crime. it didn't work there. but there are plentdee of democrats in swing districts in newing states that are worried it will be turd in that way. >> have tleave it there, amy walter, susan page, thank you very much. >> woodruff: on our bookshelf tonight, we explore the unique role of vice presidents and their often complicated relationship with the commander- in-chief. i recently sat down with author kate andersen brower to discuss her new book, "first in line." >> i thought this idea that you are in a primary, you lose and then you have to work for the person who beat you was just fascinating. leand then of course the w idea behind "veep," i always

love the show on hbo, is this idea of constantly trying to get the president's attention. and each of these relationships is so very different.>> oodruff: well in telling the story of these vice presidents you're also clearly lling the ory of the president and how they deal with them, how they, how they view them.e becaey're you know they're dealing with somebody who could boplace them. what did you learn that? >> well it really the vice president's entire existence is t,determined by the presid which i think makes it incredibly difficult. mike pence's chief of staff told me, there's one person he has to keep happy and that onon is donald trump. i start with nixon and eisenhower in is book and i go up through the current white house. and you have stories from lyndon johnson and hubert humphrey, where johnson is insisting that humphrey not travel with any reporter because he doesn't want iohumphrey to get any atte and he's insisting that humphrey run his speeches by his west wing, which is something you also do see with mike pence and donald trump.

and the west wing would go through the speeches that hubert humphrey would make and stripan ouof the really interesting things. and it was about kind of keeping him down. and then when he ran for office of course that really made it impossible for him to winbe use he had to support the vietnam war, even though he was personally against it. and i think just the idea of these competing you know, this high wire act. >> woodruff: the choosing of the vice president, such an interesting dance. you have this little-known story of how hard ronald reagan tried to get former president gerald ford to be his vice president. >> it's an incredibly compelling idea. i think the fact that ronald reagan rlly seriously nsidered gerald ford. and i interviewed dick cheney who worked for ford at tai time and hewe couldn't believe how much power reagan was g to cede to ford at the time. e d so during the convention in 1980 there is a scat's very similar to what happened when in 1960 when robert kennedy

was shuffling between these hotel room floors trying to get l.b.j. not to gn onto the hacket. something similaens in the 1980 convention where gerald ford and his aides were asking for the moon. and they kept pushing and pushing and finally this famous interview that walter cronkiteu did and which ow basically gerald ford was giving the idea of a co-presidency. >> woodruff: right. >> and that was a bridge too far for ronald reagan. >> woodruff: you do write abou the current the mike pence donald trump relationship. the access hollywood tape comes out. mike pence does not, he's still the nominee, he does not take donald trump's calls at first.es really intng highwire and as you said... >> it was one of the few times where the power was really in mike pence's court at that moment, he was. if he had pulled out, who would donald trump have gone to? i mean on that list he had newt gingrich, chris christie w was persona non grata at that time.

he even had michael flynn on that list for a while no matter how many times people to h him to g off the list. and something i thought that was also fascinating is that his top vetting lawyer sai the is quote rifies him that there's no f.b.i. vetting for oice presidenpresidents. >> woodruff: there's also there were also stories about joe biden. >> yeah, i mean, when i talked to ben, i was really struck first of all that he talks to mice pence he said at least a month and that when foreign leaders ke the king of jordan, like the greek prime minister come to the u.s. and when he travels he meets wit and he says, "if you have an issue talk to mike pence, don't talk to president trump." he says that mike pence is someone you can deal with in the way that bill clinton dealt with newt gingrich-- someone you could work with. w druff: why have no vice presidents you point this out since george h.w. bush been elected president? theories? >> i just think it depends entirely on the president. and i do think that the natural inclination of the american

people is for change. and it's very hard to keep that message going after two terms. >> woodruff: it's interesting because it's almost turning the clock back.u ve presidents giving their vice presidents more and more autonomy. but now it's turned around. >> yes. i mean, right now it's like hubert humphrey and l.b.j. i think. >> woodruff: which was not a close and warm and cozy relationship. >> it was not. i mean, i interviewed mike pence, his brother, his older brother greg, who said when my other was considering taking the job he called me up and he said you know i think donalds trump remi of our dad. and greg said he was surprisedd by that and it took him a minute to think about it and then he said i can see what you rean. their dad was a war vet. very tough. the six children did no stand when an adult walked into the room he would push them bring them up onto their feet. he sometimes disciplined with a belt. i mean he was a very difficult man to please. and i think that pence has

learned to deal with donald trump because he spent his childhood negotiating and trng to work around a difficult personality whkind of sucks all the oxygen out of the room. >> woodruff: so many stories here so many relationships and just fascinating lessons about the relationship between these two. "first in line; presidents and vice presidents in tit of power." kate anderson brower, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. which heartfelt thank you an fairwell to time cameraman charlie roth and tape supervisor don leclerkin, you will both be missed, we are atedful to you both. i'm judy woodruff. join us again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon.

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