captioniws sponsored by hour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. si the newshour tonight, the battle begins: prent trump's pick for the supreme court, judge brett kavanaugh, meets senators at the capitol ahead of a contenous confirmation. then, the trump administration misses the ddline to reunite some separated families and faces more setbacks after a judge rects long-term detention of migrant cldren. and, going beyond the basics-- as the me-too movement brings the issue of consent to the forefront, schools re-shape their sex education. >> i just think it's really important that people know not only how to be safe like from things like pregnancy and s.t.d.'s but also sort of how to feel empowered to ask for what t ey want. >> woodruff: all td more on tonight's pbs newshour

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>> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, gean, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: ma >> this program wa possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the nomination is official, and now, the fight over confirming brett kavanaugh, president trump's nominee to fill the vacancy of anthony kennedy on the supreme court, be it started today, with the two sides staking out their ground.

congressional correspondent lisa desjardins is at the capitol. >> desjardins: the new nomineecl began his b toward confirmation this morning, meeting first with the senate's top republican. >> i think the president made an outstanding nomination, we look forward to the confirmation process. >> desjardins: majority leader mitch mcconnell posed with federal appeals court judge brett kavanaugh, joined by vice president pence. >> members of senate in both political parties, that members of the senate and american people they represent, will see as the president saiat judge brett kavanaugh is quite simply the most qualified and most deserving nominee. >> desjardins: kavanaughlso met with next most important republican to his fate, judiciary chairman chuck grassley, whose committee will hold confirmatiohearings. kavanaugh started as a clerk for the supreme court justice he'd be replacing, anthony kennedy. he also worked for independent counsel kenneth starr,

investigating president clinton. in 2000, he joined george w. bush's legal team in the florida presidential vote recount, and later worked in the bush white house. president bush named him to the d.c. circu court of appeals, where he's served since 2006. >> and now, judge, them is yours. >> desjardins: last night, president trump introduced kavanaugh as his choice for the high court. >> my judicial philosophy is straightforward. a judge must be independent and must interpret the law, not make the law. >> desjardins: but kavanaugh l also has a long paper trat could decide the confirmation fight. three republicans to watch: maine'susan collins and alaska's lisa murkowski, who want to safeguard "roe v. wade," the decision that legalized abortion rights. and senator rand paul has also

criticized bush-era policies championed by kavanaugh. paul tweeted today that om'll meet theee with, "an open mind." democrats are mostly united in opposition to kavanaugh. minori leader chuck schumer warned today that he believes the nominee would overturn key. preceden >> president trump repeatedly promised to nominate justices who will overturroe v. wade and undermine health care. >> reporter: senator dianne feinstein followed up, at a rally outside the supreme court. >> his record on the bench in the bush white house and as a republican political operative indicates that if confirmed, he would be among the most conservative justices in supreme court history. >> desjards: and hawaii senator mazie hirono said she fears how kavanaugh might rule, if the president were charged in the russia probe. >> at a time when this presidene pushestive powers to limit, should we have someone on

supreme court who believes there should binsulation of the president against criminal or civil preedings? desjardins: but three democratic senators e facing tough re-election battles in reh states, aneir votes may be up for grabs: west virginia's joe manchin, nnrth dakota's heidi heitkamp, and indiana's joe ly. all voted for president trump's first supreme court nominee, ne gorsuch. this time, the senate is even more closely divided.th ohn mccain fighting brain cancer, republicans have just a 50 to 49 majority. >> woodruff: we'll hear from u.s. senators on both sides of the confirmation fight, ter the news summary. in the day's other news, president trump headed to a nato summit in brussels, amid rising tensions with europe. he's been criticizing the alliance and the european union over inadequate defense spending and trade policies. and as he left the white house this morning, he didn't let up:

e do have a lot of allie but we can't be taken advantage of. we're being taken byvantage of he european union. nato has not treated us fairly but i think we'louwork something we pay far too much. t they pay f little. >> woodruff: in brussels, the sad of the european council agreed europe mund more on defense. but he warned president trump not to take friends for granted, especially since he's also meeting with russia's president vladimir putin next week. >> dear america, appreciate your allies. after all, you don'tthat many. please remember about this tomorrow when we meet at the nato summit. but above all, when you meet president tin in helsinki. it is always worth knowing who is your strategic friend and who is your strategy problem. ee>> woodruff: mr. trump's long trip to europe will also include his first visit to britain as president. from thailand today, good news

that the oeal of a boys' soccer team is finally over. the last members of the team and their coach were rescued from a flooded cave complex, after 18 days. three thai navy seal divers and a medic followed them out.e we'll have m how it was done, later in the program. the death toll from a flood disaster in southwestern japan has reached 155, with scores more still missing. crews in hiroshima today braved scorching heat to continue clearing mud and debris. e macuees said they don't expect to return home any time soon. >> ( translated ): the electricity is out. o the water is c, and there is no information there, so i can't go back there even if i wanted to. it seems that there are still people in my area whose bodies ven't been found yet. if you think about that, when i compare myself to other people, we are sll the lucky ones. >> woodruff: some 75,000 troops

and emergency workers are takina in the search and rescue operation. china pushed back today, against president trump's claim that it might be ierfering in nuclear talks with north korea. the foreign miniry in beijing insisted in a statement that: "china's position on the korean peninsula issue is consistent. china is a trustworthy and responsible power." on wall street, stocks rallied for a fourth straighday. the dow jones industrial average gained 143 points to close at 24,919. the nasdaq rose three points, and the s&p 500 added nine. and, the original hand-drawn map winnie the pooh's "hundred acre woods" sold today for $570,000, at a london auction. it's a record for a book illustration. e.h. shepard's 1926 sketch features the books' characters and landmarks, including pooh, christopher robin and "eeyore'sa

gloomy," among others. still to come on the newshour: senators from both sidthe aisle react to the president's supreme court pick. rulings from federal judges complica administration's immigration policies. lsside the effort many sch are making to teach consent as part of sex education, and much more. >> woodruff: now to the already contentious fight over theext supreme court justice. we turn to two members of the senate judiciary committee- who will be deciding judge kavanaugh's fate. i first spoke with senator orrin hatch a republican from utah. senator hatch, welcome to the "newshour". the last jus ntiminated by president trump neil gorsuch, last year, was confirmed by te

senate, what was it, by a 54 to 45 vote, three democrats in favoau is judge kav going to have an easier or harder time? >> well, i think he should have an easier time, but i don't know. it's become such a politicized process by the democrats, i have say, and even some republicans that who knowsi bupe that he can get a number of democrats to vote for him because he's just onveto he most outstanding .andidates for the court that could possibly >> woodruff: well, the democrats are saying they plan to go through all of his h writings, something over 3,000 opinions, 300 on the appeals court alone. is that a fair request >> yeah. yeah, they're entitled to do that. on the other hand, if ey think that he's got to write or should have writtenehat they think should have written, that's not fair, either, because any two people can lo things a different way. but i think the democrats,

pefully they will be attle more open to voting for him this time. >> woodruff: as you know, senator, the democrats are saying they're going to fight this nomination, they're already pointing to their worry and roe v wade, about whether it 'rll be overturned, around particularly thpointing to endecision that judge kavanaugh wrote pretty rey that would not have allowed ao yung immigrant woman to access an abortion. are they right to be concerned out that? >> no, but the fact of the matter is that seems to be the single sle issue thathey're interested in. i think they have more interests than that, but every timgee we to one of the judgeship nominations,hat becomes the single, sole issuee tomocrats. e wished we could move off of that and count onple that we know are honest, decent, intelligence, and he has all these things, and we know that, yeah, 's in a different party, but the party is now injo

ty, and he ought to have support. but, you know, ipos gotten to tical around here that they even politicize these type of nominations, and that's, i think, wrote. >> woodruff: can you guarantee democrats, thgh, sator, that, if judge kavanaugh is confirmed, tt roe v wade uld not be overturned? >> well, i don't think anybody is going to overturn roe v wade.le it's a se opinion that, yeah, a lot of conservatives would like to seit overturned, ger, actually, he's got big fish to fry. he's going to have all he can hand toll handle current cases that come before th court. so i doubt seriously that that'y re legitimate concern. i think it becomes a false concern so that they canote against people like this good judge and, frankly, i think it's pathetic that one issue lik we thuld cause an otherwise really outstanding person to have the democrats go against them. >> woodruff: well, the democrats are also talking,

senator, about the affordable care act, obamacare. as you know, it's been weakened under the trump administration. democrats say they worry that, as issues move up to the supreme court, that judge kavanaugh would move to weaken it even further. is that at you would epect? >> well, that is one of the most convoluted, huge messes that we've done in recent years. it's going to need a lot of work in the future by both democrats and republicans, we're going to not bankrupt our country. so it becomes an excuse to just tear apart a nominee's putation that i find really reprehensible. >> woodruff: two other quick things, senator. as you know, judge kavanaugh wrote a laiw review ae in which he argued presidents should not be subject to indictment, to subpoena, even. are you -- and they look at tat as something that would have -- that president trumpould have viewed favorably because of theg

inveions that he's dealing with right now. how do you see that? >> we'll, they're not saying he can't be incited after he leaves office. hethey're saying, whils in office, his office should not be interfered with uness there's some really, really bad thing that happens. so i don't know many people who would disagree with what some of the republicans feel in that regard. but i think that's an overblown issue that really shouldn't even be part of this diussion, although i don't blame people for raising it, if they wanto. >> woodruff: senator, finally, are you concerned about the handful of republican seators who are said to potentially have some problems with judge kavanaugh on a number of issues? susan collins, senator from maine, lisa murkowski from alaska, even rand paul from kentucky. >> well, that's par for the course. i mean, you're ways going to have some republicans and democrats who wish that the juste would meet everyndard

that they set, but that's not realistic, that's not the way the country operates. if we demanded everybody be exactly the way i am, that's not -- that's oot right. >>uff: but this is so close, you can't afford to lose any republicans, can you? >> no,e can't ord to lose any, and i don't think we will, but you never know. all i an say is at there are a lot of phony issues that come up around these supreme court nominations, but in this floorse i mean, i think they're going to find this man is not only a fine, great man, a good family man and aery intelligent judge, but he can do a very, very good job on the court, and, you know, that's ala we ask for, it seems to me. >> woodruff: senator orrin hatch, thank you very much for joining us. >> nice to be with you, judy. >> woouff: >> woodruff: now for the democrats' perspective, i'm joined by california senator kamala harris.

judge kavanaugh is called one of the most qualified people ever to be nominated to t supreme court. your view? >> well, listen, i would t categoris nomination differently, which is that this is one of the most important posions on the united stat supreme court because, of course, replacing kennedy is abouthewing vote on the united states supreme court, and we need to look at what tha means in terms of the replacement of kennedy on issues like choice, affordable care act, same-sex marriage, knowing thne kennedy votedhich, but given kavanaugh's track record, we have reason to believe he would vote differeny if these cases and types of cases were presented to him. so i looktore as the significance of this nomination for this particular person on th seat and, on that basis, i am opposed to his nomination amd very concerned about what his nomination will mean foren

futureations on these issues and so many more. >> woodruff: so you've alreadyyo decidewill vote against him before any hearing begins? >> you know, listen, im going to listen to what he has to say, i am in the possess of reviewing his writings and hs background in terms of the decisions he's made and speeches he'iven, but they all lead me to one oes notion is that he have the ability to really enforce those words that are inscribed on the building that is the united states supreme court which is equality under the law enforcement i don't believe that he will beble to fulfill that promise that is equal justice under the law for all people, given his track record. >> woodruff: what specifically in his record points you in that direction? >> well, let's look at, for example, what he has done on the issue of choice and a woman's right to choose. judy, this is such a fundamental issue let's put ashe phrase or case roe v wade, let's talk

.bout what it stands for the issue presented is whether government will make -- whether the united states government will make ao decision abut whether a person can decide what done to their body and what happens with theirody and replace the government's decision with the decision that that person should be able toha the power to make about y.at happens to their bod essentially, that's a fundamental point that's presented with roe v wade, and he seems to believe that the tterrnment is in a be position to make a decision about what that person does with their body than allowing that person to make the decision about their lie, in consultation with their physician, in consultation withi family, in consultation with their god. he wants tplace government, instead of having that american make their decision fornd themselvesheir life, and that is fundamentally flawed, i don't believe. >> woodruff: i'm sorry to interrupt. i don't know if you were able to hear senator hatch who preced

you, but he's saying roe is pretty much -- it's agreement,e it'stled law, he they that's what judge kavanaugh believes and, in his words, quote, nobody thinks that's going to be overturned. >> i don't think we sould parse words. the issue is not only about roe v wade as a case in precedent, it is abt everything it stands for in terms of agreeing hat the government should not make those decisions for a woman, that that's a privatedecision sh should be able to make. the concern i have about hisin apent and him being on the united states supreme court is that we already know that there are probably tes that are prepared and have been in the process of restricting a woman's right to make that decision inrm of giving her meaningful access to no only reproductiver health ce but also to an abortion and my concern is that ose cases will then be

appealed to the united states supreme court and he, being the ing vote on that court l consistently uphold these restrictions on a woman's meaningful access to reproductive care and, in effect, then, can overturn roe v wade without explicitly overturning roe v wade, in that affirming these state laws, these restrictions on a woman's access to reproductive health care, they will session hi eliminate a woman'slity to have an abortion if she makes the decision that that is necessary. >> woodruff: so when it comes the that, or you mentioned the affordable care act, you mentioned the same-sex marriage decision, when judge kavanaugh said last night, i make decisions on each case based on that case, i have an open mind, you're saying you don't believe that, or explain. >> i believe that he has a track record and a proven track record of not spporting these fundamental rights, such as

same-sex marriage. i believe hi background tells us he believes that decisions on marriage and the decision one lekes to have gal relationship with the person they love is not an expression of a fundamental right this is his track record, and these are the concerns i have out his background and his philosophy as he approaches ese kinds of cases and, in particular, cases that bring up issues of civil rights and equal rights forll people. >> woodruff: so quickly, senator, you've said you pretty ch decide you're going to vote against him. do you know yet what you want to k him at the hearing? >> i will definitely ask him aboubewhether hieves whether roe v wade is settled law. it is also important to know ho he feels about issues like same-sex marriage and whether he believes marriage is a fundamental right to be guaranteed to all people. again, in terms of just principles of equality and fairness under the law, there are questions i have about where he standon issues like

discrimination, be it against members of the lgbtq community, or based on race or based on religion. those are serious questions i have about his perspective and what he is willing to do to uphold, again, those principlest re about equal justice under the law. >> woodruff: senator kamala harris of california who is on the judiciary mmittee, going be part of the hey, thank you very >> woodruff: for a closer look how a judge kavanaugh would change the court if he is confirmed, i'm joined by travis lenkner, an attorney who clerked tr both justice kennedy a new nominee. and kristen clarke. she's president of the national lawyers' committee for civil rights under law. welcome both of you to the pral. travis linkner, i believe you heard both senator hatch and harris, they both seem to have made up their minds about judge kavanaugh. you've worked with him, told us

you've stayed in touch with hi. what do they need to know about him that they may not kn? >> it hasn't even been 24 hours, so i hope we take a little time to meet the judge as well as the on who hopefully will occupy the seat on the supreme court. what i would say isth tha judge has a long record that i know will be studied in the coming weeks, mre than 300 judicial opinions he's written in more than a dozen years on the d.c. circuit, and what i saw and all usa lw clerks saw in his chambers was what you mentioned in discussing wit senator harris, his approach to each case as it comes to him and his real integrity in hearing the arguments of all litigants, being fair to them as considoing the law as it cmes and meticulously crafting decisions that well andly thorou explain his rulings. >> woodruff: kristin clarke, if that's the approach he's going to have, why is thereth opposition as point? >> well, i think that these hearings that are about to get underway are incredibly

important, an incredibly important opportunity for the senate and the public to fully understand the record that the judge ings to bear hee. when we look at rulings he's issued in a number of contexts, i think there's cause for concern. we talked about roe v wade a moment ago. the judge issued a decision that blocked a 20-year-old immigrant woman from having an abortion. he has issued speeches where he raised queions about restrictions on a woman's right choose. i think that this is an important area of inquiry for the senate as hearings now commence. we know that this president sad that he wants judges on thewi court wh overturn roe.an so it's impofor the senate to parse through the judge's true views and commitment to add hearing tohe supreme court's precedent here.>> oodruff: travis lenkner, based on what you know, are

those on the other side of this argunt right to be concerne about what judge kavanaugh might do when it comes to roe and other abortion questions? >> well, i think the judge will have an opportunity in theto hearinxplain his views of precedent, the princecals of stare decisis, generally. the judge wrote the bookn precedent which included not only judge gchrut -- >> woodruff: what does that tell you about roe v wade? >> it tells e that the supreme court has a long set of decisions about how it treats older precedents vs. newer cases and what can be a cause for revisiting those. i've certainly never heard him daveate from those principles d we've seen him as a lower court judge faithfully app precedent even though he disagreed and we'll have a chance to hear about his fidelity to those views during the hearin >> woodruff: we heard senator hatch saying he thinks democrats

and republicans are overblown ir thpinion of what judge kavanaugh has written and the immunity of a president when it comes to subpoentm, indts. what's your crew view of that -- what's your view of that? >> i think the suggestion of the president's use of pardon howwo e, you know, i think the impact of a president being the subject of an investigation and now puing forth th nominee, these are important questions that loom over the nomination process, and i think it would be important to think about whether the judge would, if confirmed, need to recuse himself from those cases, if they come before the court. but i also know that equally important are the critical civil rights cases that will come before the court next term. we know on issues, for example, like gerrymandering that have been bounced back to lower courts, these issues will appear

before the court in the next and subsequent term. sounding the jnl's commitment to fairliy and fully enforcing our nation's federal civil rights laws is another area of important inquiry. >> woodruff: baoued on what y know about the judges opinions, voting rights, civil rights, what do you see. >> voting ri judge kavanaugh wrote an i want for a thrtree-judge dt court upholding a voteride law the unanimous decision include add clinton appointee as one of the district judges and the obama department of justice chose not to appeal tat to the supreme court. so in that ruling and theoting rights record of his, you see a careful and nuanced approach to these issues he ll have an opportunity to discuss in the hearings. >> woodruff: kristen clarke, will the lawyers be open to what this judge has to say? >> absolutely. we don't want sham hearings.

i'm very disturbed by leader mcconnell's suggestion that there will be a swift i confirmation. ink the constitution imposes e obligation, duty, and responsibility on nate to parse through carefully and cautiously examine all of the hundreds of rulings that have been issued by the judge during s tenure, and he's also given a number of speeches to groups like the heritage foundation, and the ameenricaerprise institute, that i think provide further opportunitieeally understand who he is and how he'll handle the indiy important civil rights cases and constitutional questions that come before him. >> woodruff:sell, it han't even been 24 hours yet. we are early, early inhi process and we will continue to look at it. thank you both very much. kristen clarke, travis lenkner. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour:

the esident pardons the controversial cattle rimchers whose prisonment sparked a tinse stand off. and inside the drarescue of twelve boys and their soccer focoach after being trappe over twoeeks in a thai cave. the president's policy on how the administration deals with separated falies is under serious pressure from the courts right now. in the past 24 hou, two federal judges have ruled it must change the way it is operating with these migrant families. yesterday, a judge in los angeles told the dept of justice the government could not hold families in custody indefinitely., then tod amna nawaz tells us, a judge in san diego told the governmentt must abide by an order to reunite dozens of children with their parents by the end of the day. >> nawaz: u.s. district judge dana sabraw had ordered the trump administraion to reunite nearly 3,000 children.

and today he told government laers, "these are firm deadlines... they're not aspirational goals." the judge ordered kids under five to be reunited by today. hem.e are more than 100 of only four had been reunited by a hearing earlier today. the administration told the judge it's on track to reunite 3 juby day's end.u. the a.c.rought the lawsuit in san diego prompting this reunification push. lee gelernt is the deputy director of its immigrants' rights project and was in court today. for the record, we invwo key departments, homeland security and health and human services, to appear to our vitation was declined. lee gelernt, thank you so much for being with us tonight. i want to ask you now, today is obviously the deadline for kids unhr five to be reunited,ch we know has been missed. we're speaking 6:30 eastern, 3:30 your time on the west coast, how many chiln that group under age five have been reunited as of now? >> we're still waiting for an-t

the-minute tally. the government today walked into court and promised onl wy ld be reunited by the end of the day. that did not sit well with the judge. he said, i want all 65 -- 63 families who are eligible for reunification to be reunited by the end of the day and if the government cannot, he wants an explanation in writing on thursday, wants to see us backo int friday and asks us what we leaf do we want from him if the government misses the dead will be. so thereill be kids reunited today. we hope all 65 will be reunited the end of the not look promising, and that's unfortunate. >> the numbers are confusing. the 102 number wall air children unr five. but the government whittled that down to those they believe wer eligible. they ran background checks on families and sponsors and found

eight parents that had serious criminal histories that precluded them from being unified with their children. i know you're pushing for faster reunification process but you're not ashkingem to notma the investigations. >> when kids come and are unaccompanied or some distant relative comes forward and says i'll take the kid, of course you want extensive investigation. this is different. the government forcibly took the children from their ts and we're just asking they be given back to their parents. so there wi be criminal checks and verification of parentage, but all the other stps the governor was taking were notho appropriate, were steps when some distant relative comes forward and they have to fill out a whole sposhns applications. so individuals were eliminated today based on criminalon convicr other things, but

there are a lot of children under five, little chi have been away from their parents for months and month and the governme said, well, were only going to reunite about 38 of them by the end ofe th day. again, that did not sit well with the judge. he said these are not aspirational, that the government better get it done by the end of the day and, if they don't, he wants t about it thursday and friday. so we have mixed emotions today. we are thilled many of these young children will be reunited, but for this ruling, they would not have been reunited, but we e deeply concerned all the children won't be reunited. the other thing is is just the 100 or so under five. we have 2,000 to 3,000 moe children five and older that have not been reunited.dl that dee is coming up quickly july 26. we have real conrns the government will meet the deadline. we are pleased that the judge made cle he is going stay on top to hav the government, hold as many hearings as hee

needs to,uire as many status reports as he needs to and that's ulimately wht will be critical in getting the process done. >> recourse, the judge asked you a status hey, what remedy are you seeking. if the government doe comply, what do you want to see happen? >> yeah, i think, for us, it's a little bit early to figure that without. we're going to wait, talk aboutt it amour team and see exactly what the government says about why they missed thene deadif, in fact, they do miss the deadline. obviously sanctions are one possibility. geit may be that the juas to stay on top of them even more. we're going to try and figure that out. right now we're just hoping that these refuturfieutions get done. >> you said the government missnd the children er five deadline, it will roll on for who knows how long. is it likely they will miss the next one and when canfamilies

expect to be unified with the children? >> what we're hoping for is the government has if figured out a basic process for reunifications. ththe judge made it clear he wll stay on top of them. so the reunification of cre five and older, it's hopped that will go better than the procs now. we are hopeful. we will stay on the of the we've asked for a list of every single child who has been separated from the parents so we can mobilize all the volunteers, adcates and n.g.o.s anou faith-based grps to help. i think it's an enoous task, but, on the other hand, it's a mess the government made, they really need to fix . we are more than happy to help in any way we can but th government needs to dedicate as many resources as they need to to get it done. ey cannot have these little children sit for any longer than necessy all by themselves.

>> lee gelernt of the aclu, thank you for your time. >> thank you. >> nawaz: before we go, an update on sofi, the three-year- old girl who story we've been following since she was separated from her family after legally crossing the u.s border from mexico st month to seek asum. how does the court order to reunite affect her? according to what the government has said, it doesn't.ve sofi, we beldoes not qualify for today's deadline because it only applies to children separated from parents. sofi was broug across by her grandmother, her caregiver and, the family says, her legal guardian in mexico. so sofi's family continues to work through the normal reunification process, submitting paperwork, undergoing background checks, and waiting for a fingerprinting appointment, now ten days away. sofi, meanwhile, remainsr n a shelndreds of miles away, where she's been for the last 18 days.e mily have no timeline for when she'll be released.

>> wdruff: president trump h pardoned a championship boxer, a g nservative former arizona sheriff, a right wthor and others. onth he said, "there wil be more pardons coming." today, we found out who he had in mind and it was a controversial decion once agai john yang has the story. >> yang: judy, the pardons went to two oregon cattle ranchers, dwight hammond, and his son, steven. they had a long-running dispute with the federal bureau of land management over control of d blic properties adjoining their ranch and en convicted of arson on public lands. their case sparked a 41-day occupation of a national today the white house said tout was overzeand unjust. the case wildlife refuge in early 2016. sparked a 41-day occupation of a the newshour's p.j. tobia is here to give us the context.

so, p.j., tell us about who the hammonds are an how they ended up going to prison. >> the hammonds are a cattle ranchingn southeast oregon wh fought the government for decades over land use isspeue, ally using public federal lands that adjoin their own private roperties. in 2012 they were convicted of multiple counts of airens on federal property. the hammonds say they were light fires to cear brush to prevent bigger fires. the federal government says itto was a wa intimidate the federal bureau of land managementnd imposing control on the land on which they sit. one of the blazes turd into a 139-acre wildfire. >> brangham: how did this lead to the takeover in 2018 and the standoff. >> the bundy family from nevada heard about the hammonds problems with the bureau of land management and immediately started their own campaign on social media, that led to a

protest on the ground inner, then the bundies called armed militia to the region, they all took over the wildfire refuge. it was a six-week standoff and ended with a car chase, gun fight and a man killed by oregon state troopers. >> the hig happenedthe hammondso connection to the militia groups. >> if you go to the facebook t pahave the militia groups, there is high preys praise forid prt trump, thank you, prayers answers, and this comes at a time when america is looking for a boogie man. they were energized by president obama who they thought would steal their guns. they love president trump. the advisor has spoken at fundraisers for thees bun and hammonds. however the pardons were meant to be received, they take it as

a signal that president trump is still fighting for them and they want to show they're fighting for president trump. uppeople who watch these g like myself are look to see what the next chapter of the fight might be. yang: p.j. tobia, thank you very much. t nks, john. >> woodruff: now to the daunting anenincredible rescue of a d boys who were trapped with their coach in a flooded cave complex in thailand. thstrescue was completed aga very difficult odds today, eighteen days after the group was first trapped. it took dozens of divers and hundreds of volunteers from around the world. william brangham will be here in a moment with more about the heroic rescue, but first, thispo from thailand by john irvine of independent television news. >> reporter: he was inood hands. this is the best view we've ha of any of the courageous 13 and the rescue mission that's captivated the world.

we could make out two drips attached, a neck brace, d a blue hood to protect his eyes from the daylight. with gentle care, medics and soldiers stretchered the child to his airlift. the thai army helicopter that had been waiting all day had room for a second boy as well. identified only by their escape numbers, these teammates beingt flown here were 10 and 11. ndtheir ability to survivehe daring of othersave saved the ves of the wild boar football team of chiang rai.li anering fears that the worst might still happen were banished by the sight ofer ambulances fing 12 and 13. after 18 days, incredibly all were free. at a news conference soon afterwards, thman in charge

was applauded by the world's media. in turn, the regional governor thanked the world for helping make it happen. from the thai divers iolved down to ordinary people, this is a country relieved, overjoyed and grateful in equal measure. they spent 10 days alone cut off from an outside world they must have feared would never find them. there were five of the team left to free today. t and lise who had gone before, asked to dive for their lives. the back four and their coach never wavered. >> brangham: to better understand just what a feat this rescue was, i'm joined now by the "new york times'" john a ismay, who wrout the rescue, but was himself a former diver for the u.s. navy who did deep sea and salvage missions.we

ome to the "newshour". >> thanks for having me. so take me back. when you first heard about these boys being trapped in this cave, being so young, bein not able ro swim, what was your reaction? >> i thought they all going to die. >> rea.y? absolutely is that just because you thought there's no way we'll be able to get them out in time? >> yeah, pretty much. if you think about it, what they did was, instead of diving in a iol, which is safe, controlled environment, whi where most people do their first scuba dive -- >> just to learn to do it. exactly, they did e in th most hazardous place imaginable which is a cave.g cave div so dangerous that no military unit that i'm aware of actively practices that mission. >> they don't even train for it? no, e risks areso great that the rewards don't outweight >> so what is is it about cave diving in particular that's different an, say, the ocean or a lake or what makes it so difficult? >> the biggest thing is you have no free access to the surface,

so if you get into trouble, if your equipment malfunctions or if, say, you were i in a panic, which happens t someople, you just can't dump the weights out of your vest and bolt to the surface, which could kell kill you, but you couldtill live through it. but in a cave, you just simply have to get out in order to survive. ause it's a hard rock ceiling and there's no surface where there is air. >> exactly. can you walk us through as mply as possible how you understand these thai divers got these boys out?st >> underanding is the thai navy divers from a thseal team were able to rig a static line along the way tha provided some navigational stability for the divers as they made their ghway throu >> a guide rope from start to end and you pull yourself alongy t? >> absolutely. if you think about it, there's going to be mud and dirt in the cave and when it's filled with

water, it becomes murky, low o zero visibility. even using a powerful fla light, you might not be able to see really at all. i mean, i have been in situations where i'vld a light up to my dive mask and barely seen a glow because it'so urky. really, you're doing everything by touch and feel which, for litary divers, is pretty standard. it's not diving in warm, car water, the usually thing is cold, murky water for log periods of time. so these people were well set up for that. the wrd pas getting in and out. for the kids, can i easily imagine it being terrifying.ha or they coule seen it as an adventure. eat ware, the hazard was immense and real. it was important to keethe children calm to get them through each stage to have the cave exit. >> it's nice to report good news every now and then. >> absolutely. john im isay of the "new york

times." thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: the me-too movement has forced a discussion on sexual harassment and consent in the workplace, in hollywood, and the locker room. buwhat about schools? while colleges have tackled the issue by training students about relationships and consent, those who teach sex ed say it needs to start much earlier. special correspondt lisa stark of our partner "education week" visited a washington d.c. scol that is committed to comprehensive sexuality education, parof our weekly segment, making the grade. >> what do you think we're going to talk about today? >> sex. (laughter)ka >> who said sex, excellent! >> reporter: this is sex ed on steroids. yes there's the usual talk of anatomy, safe sex and abstinence, but the key focus- how all this plays out in the real world.

>> okay, so what that soks like urday night, or if you're interested in someone. >> reporter: shafia zaloom has been teaching comprehensive sexuality education for 25 years how many kids are gettinsethis kind oeducation? he i don't think a whole lot. >> reporter: but's a big push to change that. >> there are growing allegations of sexual harassment. >> reporter: the uproar over recent cases of sexual harassment and assault, the resulting #metoo movement, has some states and school districts clthinng their sex ed curriculum to ine healthy relationships, preventing violence, ensuring consent.ne >> there is for there to be conversations and education around. all the different waysur culture influences our relationships and the social dynami that may lead to harassment or assault. >> reporter: senior tyce christian agre. >> we have a book on healing. >> reporter: she's worked to help victims of sexual assault. >> most sexual assaults,ly especin high school, are by people that you know, people

that you see everyday and i think it's one of the reasons why we need to talk about consent and healthy relationships because it helps reduce sexual assault. >> reporter: christian attends georgetown day high school, private school in washington d.c. that my children attended. the school brought in shafia zaloom for a week of sexuality education, much of it focusing on consent; how to know if someone is agreeing, onot agreeing, to intimacy. . >> consent is what makes sex legal. it protects the fundamentals of human decency, which of course is essential- >> reporter: zaloom, a san francisco-based educator who teaches around the country, puts it in language anyone can understand. >> how many of you like french fries? riput your hands up high f lovers. >> reporter: okay she says, whas if y down at a lunch table with your french fries and friends just start grabbing them. >> how many ofou are actually

okay with that? >> even if i don't want all the fries, i the fact that they think they can take my fries >> yeah. pe when i bought them. i mean, in generalle who respect you enough to ask, are people you wanto share with. >> now how does this actually relate to sexuity? not to minimize the topic of consent with fires, but whatyo belongs to you body, people's bodies, belong to them. they get to choose how they touch and get touched, because their bodies belong to them. >> reporter: zaloom uses movie clips to help teens figure out what consent should look and sound like. >> was it consensual? okay. how did you know? s >> he asked wh wanted to do beforehand. >> asked what she wanted to do beforehand. how do you want to be, right? >> reporter: and if it's not consensual. >> so you have every right that in that moment to say you know what, this doesn't feel so right, i want to sto and that no one should every

have to engage in a sexual experience that they don't feel ble in or that they're coerced into. that we have the right to change our minds. >> reporter: these can be tough subjects to talk about, but students like logan mcdermott- mostowy are thankful for the discussion. >> i just think it's really important that people know not on how to be safe like fro things like pregnancy and s.t.d.'s but also sort of how to feel empowered to ask for what they want within sexual relationships and just have good relationships. >> reporter: sex education is required in just ovehalf the states and washington, d.c. what that includes varies widely. >> it's a patchwork of law right now, and that is really challenging. >> reporte chitra panjabi is president and c.e.o. of a group that helped develod the national sexuality education standards, which any school can utilize. >> they have standards are comprehensive in that they include things like anatomy and physiology, pregnancy and reproduction, and healthy relationships. >> reporter: but most districts

aren't using the standards, or teaching the sex education topics, 19 in all, recommended by the centers for disease control. just 38% of high schoolers and 14% of middle school students nationwide are getting this education. everything from information on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception to decision- making skills. >> we're still not reaching as many young people as we could be reachi and quite frankly, as we should be reaching. >> with their consent, there's nothing wrong with it. r orter: that is especially thue when it comes to young men. >> this is an issu disproportionately affects disproportionately the perpetrators, men have to be involved in the conversation >> reporte thompson are working to make that happen. >> so we're going to be taing about what happens at dances, how consent applies or doesn't apply. >> reporter: tgry've formed a p at georgetown day called boys leading boys. at lunch meetings twice a month,

the discussion focuses on male culture and how guys can help fight sexual harassment and assault. we're kind of trying to start to hold ourselves and other young men and adults accountable for their actions and to teach each other how to hold their peers accountable. >> reporter: today, the talk is about what's called "grinding"-- dancing with bodies up close. how to make sure theirl is okay with that. >> it's a tough space to communicate in right, it's dark, there's lots of loud music. >> i think like just and easy tap on the shoulder, and like, you good, give her a thumbs up. >> reporter: and what if you see another guy behaving badly? >> what would you guys do to intervene in that situation? >> i just sort of got his attention and pulled him to the side and started talking to him about something else. >> awesome. >> reporter: it's not easy to change centuries of common behavior. any pushback from male students

here, like give me a break? >> sometimes someone will say,so hat's such a big deal, you're so soft, why is it such a big deal.an guysto be masculine. >> reporter: schools are often where attitus about how men d women behave, get learned, and reinforced. it's one of the reasons zaloom and others belve this is the right place to educate teens on consent and healthy relationships. >> i want to encourage you when it comes to your relationship practice that there be respect, empathy and dignity. >> i think the more we know, the more we know and the less confusion there is. gray areas there are, the easier it will be to navigate these situations when we face them later in life, in college and beyond. r eporter: situations brought into the open with the #metoo movement, and that some hope can be prevented with education like this. >> a sense of self worth. absolutely. >> reporter: for "education week" and the pbs newshour, i'm lisa stark in washington, d.c.

>> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the p newshour, thank you and see you soon. n major funding for the pbs newshour has beeprovided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches realewife conversations in a n language, like spanish, french, >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporti innovations in ucation, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored b newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbhac ss.wgbh.org eduardo: tonight on history detectives:

that diary was laying in plain sight. find that soldier's mily so we can give the diary to them. would you be happy or sad h that you a bootlegger in your family? oh, my god. woof! "spectacular indiangproductions comi what were they being phed for and were ty treated fairly? elvis costello: ♪ watchin' he detectives ♪ what were they being phed for and were ty treated fairly? ♪ i get so angry when the teardrops start ♪ ♪ but he can't be wounded 'cause he's got no heart ♪ ♪ watchin' the detectives ♪ it's just like watchin' the detectives ♪ tukufu: funding for tonight's presentationentation of history detectives was provideby...