>> narrator: tonight... >> some of the world's most vulnerable men, women an children have been exploited by un peacekeepers who were supposed to be protectinthem. >> narrator: united nations pealekeepers accused of sexu abuse. correspondent ramita navai investigates the global crisis. finding the victims... >> can you describe the men to me? >> narrator: confronting those responsible... >> did you feel guilty? >> narrator: and pressing the un on what it's doing for the abused. >> but it took our producer a day to track quite a few of them downer what's happening th >> i'llllave to find out - i'

have to find out. >> i think there has beea culture of impunity, i think that's eroding. >> the fundamental iss in all these cases of sexual exploitation and abuse is criminal accountability. ilif they don't go to nothing else matters. >> narrator: "the un sex abuse scandal", tonight on frontne. >> frontline is made possie by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.ra and by the coron for public broadcasting. major support is provided by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation, committed to buiing a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information is available at macfound.org. the ford foundation: working with visionaries on the frontli s of social change worldwide. at ford foundation dot org. additional support is providedbr by thes foundation: committed to excellence in journalism. the park fndation, dedicated to heightening public awareness of critical issues.th john and helen glessner

family trust. supporting trustworthyin journalism tharms and inspires. and by the frontline journalism fund, with major support from jon and jo ann hagler. and additional support from the ruggles family foundation. ♪ (a ie speaking): r

ita navai: annie lives in the democratic republic of congo, a country torn apart by warring factions. four years ago, after seeing her parents murdered by rebels, she says she was gang-raped. she then fled for her life. annie, what happened after you left your village? nn navai: then, says, she met a united nations peacekeeper from south africa. he'd been sent as part of a mission to protect the local pulation. (annie speaking):

>> navai: annie, why did you think this soldier would be different? >> navai: annie's story is not unique. she's one of over 2,000 young women d children alleged to have been sexually exploited or abused by u.n. peacekeepers-- uniformed and civilian-- in missions around the world since the early 1990s.

from cambodia to mozambiqu and from bosnia to the democratic republic of congo. ♪ for over a decade, the united nations has been trying to end the abus but even today, it keeps happening. in the past year, the u.n. has introduced n measures to stamp it out. i've come to africa to try and understand why the problem has persisted. we're right in the middle of africa, in an area that's been bu the epicenter of sexual allegations against the u.n. the democratic republic of congo has more alleged victims than any other country. it's here my investigation begins. (people speaking indistinctly) almost 20 years ago, u.n.

peacekeepers were stationed in the democratic republic of congo amid a bloody civil wa (gfire rattles) in 2004, valerie says, she met a member of the u.n. mission in the city of goma. (valerie speaking):

>> navai: didier bourguet was working at the u.n. peaceeping mission in goma, in charge of transport and logistics, earning $7,000 a month. he was 40 at the time. (valerie speaking): va >> navairie says she only told her mother about bourguet, and they never reported it to e u.n. do you know if didier was doing this to anyone else? >> navai: investigators wouldsc later er bourguet paid go-betweens to provide young

girls for him. he was arrested by the congolese lice in goma after a sti operation in october 2004,an before beingd over to french authorities and charged with rape. bourguet was not the only u.n.ee emplccused of sexual misconduct. there were 72 allegations of exploitation and abuse in the u.n.'s congo mission between may and september 2004. >> all of this is utterly immoral and completely at odds with our mission. : >> navn. secretary-general kofi annan sent his special adviser, zeid ra'ad al hussein, to investigate. he was scked by what he found. >> sitting and listening to what victims were saying was really disturbing. i said it s akin to a lifeguard jumping into a pool,

and instead of saving someone who was drowning, to actually drown them, almost. i mean, it seemed to be as cruel as that. n ai: five months later, zeid published a report that criticized the u.n.'s own investigations into alleged sexual abuse. but he said the main reason offenders often evaded jusce was that the u.n. had no criminal jurisdiction over its peacekeepers. >> the u.n. is not a sovereign body. at the most, the u.n. can dismiss someone from service, but it could not conct its own trials. that is for the governments themselves tdo. and if the member state does nothing or shields the individual, then impunity exists., was these sorts of issues which i found astonishing at the time.ai >> nthose issues had also caught the attention of anthony banbury, who spent more than 20 years inside the u.n. overseeing relief and peacekeeping missions. >> the fundamental issue in allh

e cases of sexual exploitation and abuse is criminal accountability, that's the only thing that really matters. someone who rapes a woman, a girl, should go to jail. if they don't go to jail,at nothing elsers. >> navai: zeid's report tried t addris. for military peacekeepers, he recommend that member states hold courts martial in the country, making it easier to access witnesses and evidence. for civilian peacekeepers, he recommended an internationalt agreem ensure those accused of abuse would face criminal prosecution. but there's been no widespread effort by u.n. member states to adopt the asures. >> it is very simply the truth that the decision-making authority rests with the member states, rests with the 193s governme the united nations. and the u.n. secretariat,

the civil servants working in that headquarters on first avenue, cannot imposhe member states a new judicial system. >> now an investigation that is sure to send shock waves around the wod. >> navai: by early 2005 the international media had got hold of the didier bourguet story. >> scores of young girls in the congo were somehow lured into sex th a senior u.n. logisti officer named didier bourguet. >> navai: french authorities charged bourguet with the possessioof hundreds of child pornographic images and the rape of at least 20 young girls in congo. despite the many allegations the french judge ruled there was only enough evidence to convictp him of theof two minors and sentenced him to nine years in jail. valerie, how do you feel now you know that didier has been punished for what hdid to

children in congo? r navai: bourguet is the exception, not te. he remains the only civilian hiacekeeper to have been jailed for sexual abuse working abroad for the u.n. most civilian peacekeepers don't even end up in court, and to thisay, member states have resisted the proposals aimed at changing that. >> the u.n. itself doesn't have the ability to try these people. it is dependent on the home country to try. and thhome country often doesn't have the ability to collect the evidence or to have a process, and that's, that's a

catastrophic loophole. te >> navai: the scandal in congo, and despite the u.n.'s attempts to deal with the issue, allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse continued in pcekeeping missions aroun the world. south sudan, ivory cst, haiti, and the central african republic-- the next stop on my journey. ♪ >> (shouting) >> navai: in late 2013, the president of the central african republic had been deposed, and rival militias were battling for power. (guns fire) to stop a potential genocide,pe france senacekeepers under a u.n. security council mandate. their mission was named operation sangar. (guns firing) half a million people had been made homeless. many sought refuge in a camp at

th.airport, run by the fren (horn beeps) i met a girl who'd fled to that refugee camp. her name is daniella. we're protecting her identity. (daniella speaking):

>> navai: can you describe the men to me? what d they look like? >> navai: daniella says two siench soldiers raped her the airport camp. her father told us she was bleeding heavily, and he took her to a charity-run mical center, where she was given antibiotics. but they didn't know what more they could do. >> navai: daniella's family didn't report her rape, so it remained unrecorded by the u.n.

i also met a boy, who asked to am called alexi. he was at the sameand says he was abused by french peacekeepers, too.

(navai speaking french): (alexi speaking): >> navai: word othe abuse soon spread around the camp. when the news reached the local u.n.ission, it sent one of i human rights investigators to interview six children, four of whom were alleged victims; the other two were witnesses. the investigator compiled an internal report based on the children's testimony. the report detailed allegations against around 20 peacekeepers, some of whom were identified from their tattoos and other physical descriptions. >> there were a number of absolutely stunning revelations just reading this-- it can't have been more than six pages long >> navai: paula donovan held senior positions within the u.n.

over a number of years. she set up code blue to campaign against u.n. sex abuse. >> the united nations treated plthis as though it were s mother report from the field, and for months aths, they just went, went about their business withoutddressing it in any way. >> navai: almost a year after ofthe alleged abuse, news he report leaked to the international media. the u.n. secretary-general set up an independent inquiry to examine what had gone ong. a decade on from zeid raad al hussein's report, the new inquiry was even more damning. s >> this serious failure. most importantly, the lack of coordination between policies leaves most victims unattended and vulnerable. >> navai: the inquiry said this amounted to "an abuse of o

authoritthe part of three top u.n. officials.ed and the u.n. fhe head of mission in the central african republic. isobel coleman was a u.s. ambassador to the u.n. at the time. >> i must say from my perspective as a diplomat, looking at this all unfolding, it seemed that it was not a high-water mark for the u.n., to put it mildly. it's incredible to me that people had that report in their hands and didn't act upon it. >> navai: by now, the french prosecutors were investigating the allegations. in may 2015, they launch a full-scale crinal inquiry into the rape of minors. the investigation centered on fo members of the 152nd infantry regiment, who'd been identified by the victim nicknamed the red devils, the

regiment is based in colmar in the east of france; a 30-foot statue honors them in their hometown. but after more than three years eexamining the claims, th prosecutors finally threw out the case against the four soldiers.ey th said the testimony of the children was inconsistent and questioned whether they might have been manipulated by adults seeking financial compensation from the french. (marie grimaud speaking french): >> navai: one of the reasons the case was dismissed is that the french investigators found, i'm quoting, "coradictions and implausibilities." what are they referring to?

(grimaud speaking french): >> navai: marie grimaud is appealing the decision to abandon the case against the soldiers. the boy that we spoke to hadn't spoken to french investigators. i told her the boy alexi's story and also asked her about the the soldiers who daniella says raped her. she gave us description of where it happened and of the soldiers. so she said that one of them was white, had a snake tattoo. have you got a description of a man like this?

>> navai: the french military declined to speak to us about the allegations or put us in touch th any of the accused soldiers from the 152nd regiment. we tried to terview the prosecutors, but they also ngclined, saying the appeal against their rulis still being considered.

how do you feel about the men that did this toou? (daniella speaking): >> (speaking local language) f >> (speakinch): >> navai: in response to the french scandal, in the summer of 2015, the u.n. appointed a new head of peacekeeping in the central african republic to replace his predecessor. >> i found a very demoralized staff. they were all, you know, in shock. we were just... realizing, open our eyes to a very big, you know... scandal, call it,

let's call it a scandal. >> navai: a new commander of troops followed that november. >> we realized that something got to be done and fast enough to stop this. because it's just... it was just so shameful, for all of u sexual exploitation and abuse was about to kill peace operations and particularly our mission. to kill us with, really, not bullets, like the armed group, but with shame. ♪ ev >> navai as the u.n. struggled with the abuse scandal, fighting in the centraw african republ spiraling out of control. it was particularly desperate in the town of bambari, around 250 miles north of the capital. tens of thsands had fled their homes to escape killings and

rapes by militias. the u.n. needed to get more peacekeepers on the ground fast. >> if you're in a crisis situation, and you think y've got genocide erupting in the central african republic, andor you're lookingroops to come and save tens, hundreds of thousands of lives, you know, maybe you're not asking so many questions about how they've been vetted and what their, you know, training has been on sexual exploitation and abuse. you want troops on the ground yesterday, you know, to save lives. ai >> navfacing an emergency, the u.n. deployed around 800 congolese soldiersho were already stationed nearby. but the congolese army had recently been accused u.n. of rape and sexual violence against its own pulation. whe did you think of congol

troops serving as peacekeepers, knowing that congolese troops came from the army thatha a terrible record for human rights abuses? >> i believe it was a mistake to put the troops from the drc inti the u.n. missic.a.r. >> navai: anthony banbury was ih ge of field support to peacekeepers. he says he expressed concerns about the congolese soldiers at epe time, but had no direct say in the decision toy them. >> if there are allegations that a unit that has been deployed to a peacekeeping mission has been involved in human rights abuses back home, that's a huge cause for concern, a huge red flag, and should be immediately investigated. >> navai: the congolese troopsam pacified bbari-- but left new allegations of sexual violenced anploitation in their wake. (manda speaking):

>> navai: manda-- the name she asked us to use-- was anol 11-yeaschoolgirl at the time.

>> navai: manda told her mother, but they didn't report the rape to the u.n.wa but s the end of 2015, many new allegations began to a emerinst troops from five different peacekeeping nations,l ing the congolese. the u.n. official breaking the news to the press was anthony banbury. >> it's hard to imagine the outrage that people working forn the unitions and for the causes of peace and security feel when these kinds of allegations come to light. >> navai: a week later, on the fifth of february 2016, he resigned, saying that u.n. was failing its mission.

>> i word on it for six years, and on the one hand, i was veryr d of it. but the bottom line was, therela was still a bi of criminal accountability, and that was personally very distreing. >> navai: the u.n. rponded to the abuse scandals in the central african republic by publicizing the nameof countries whose troops were accused of abuses, and passed a resolution giving the secretary-general the right toer send peacekehome. t byhe end of february, the ntingent from the democratic republic of congo had been expelled. ♪ two months later, in the country's capital, kinshasa, 14 soldiers were put on trial for rape. (man speaking french) >> navai: the hearing took place in a court room set up in the prison grounds and filmed by news crews athe time.

(man speaking french): navai: but the trial ha stalled, and there have only been two brief hearings in over two years. government officials told usfo they couldn't rd to fly in witnesses to give evidence. the congolese authorities say they're serious about tryingpe their ekeepers. but the process is dragging on, two years and counting. and here's where the system consistently fails. the u.n. says it's up to the countries at contribute troops to punish perpetrators. but that rarely happens. the alleged rapists remain locked up, awaitintrial. meanwhile, victims are left waiting, too. (manda speaking):

♪ ai >> nin january 2017, a new secretary-general took office-- antónio guterres. he announced that fighting sexual abuse was a top priority. >> we are determined to ensure that the voices of victims are heard. victims must be at the center of our response if we want our zero-tolerance policy to be >> navai: guterres introduced a new rolef victims' rights advocate. and he made an early visit to the central african republic. >> we know that the good work ceand the tremendous sacrif peacekeepers around the world has been tarnished by the appalling acts of some u.n. personnel who have harmed the people they were meant to serve. ♪

>> navai: when we were in the central african republic soonar afte, the u.n. invited us to see their latest attempts to deal witthe problem, not just sexual abuse but what they call exploitation. e' so on this night patrol with the u.n. military police, and they're going around from barracks to barracks, mostlyld checking that rs are observing the curfew and also checking that there are no women and children anywhere near the rracks. although to be honest, you can see it's a really big convoy, s and i'd prised if there are any women or children anywhere near the barracks, because you can see them from a mile away. >> navai: and this is the s.e.a., the sexual exploitation

and abuse training? >> yeah. >> navai: uh-huh, and then you said that... the first question you asked, were any women, children outside? so you're checki. >> navai: right. to prevent peacekeepers from even paying women for sex the secretary general has forbidden un personnelre rom socializing th locals when off duty. so the thinking is that if they're bored, they may be tempted by women, may be tempted by sex-- is that theing? (speaking foreign language) >> the tour of duty is one year. that's why to some of the countries, they said, "it's too much." >> navai: to ask for a soldier not to have sex for a year? >> yea difficult, but this is.., i

mean, i say to the soldiers, i even though humanly difficult, there is no other way out. i'm just being honest. we have veryood people, we have people that are so-so, we got bad people, and we got very bad people. ♪ >> navai: in the sammonth as the secretary-general's visit to the central african republic, the u.n. received a report of a new rape case in bambari. a young woman was found half- naked and barely conscious right here, at the foot of these stairs. she says she was walking home after a funeral,nd the last thing she clearly remembers is being offered a cup of tea by u.n. peacekeepers at thi checkpoint here, just behind me. (jean-gaston endjileteko speaking freh):

>> navai: the alleged rapists were mauritanian peacekeepers. the young woman who says she wae rais called mauricette. we found her living with her family on the outskirts of town. (mauricette speaking):

>> navai: after the rape was reported by the hospital, mauricette was interviewed by a local representative from the u.n. her mily then wanted to know what had happened to the mauritanian soldiers. (man speaking french): ai >> nthe mauritanian mission at the u.n. didn't respond to our repeated requests

for comment. we also wanted to know if mauricette had heard anything from the.n. following her initial interview. (mauricette speaking): >> navai: how long has it been? ng (mauricette spea): >> navai: in bambari, we spoke to a 17-year-old girl. she told us that she hasn't heard anything from the u.n. or its partners for two months. she doesn't know what's happening from her case. >> this is unacceptable.ho , you know, through you, we may be able to reach out to that person and maksure that she gets, you know, what is due to her, and that our services will reach out. but it iabsolutely unacceptable. >> navai: we came to new york to try to interview the secretary- general about what we'd found during our iestigation.

he declined. anstead, we were offered an interview with the he'd appointed as his special coordinator on sexualnd exploitationbuse. >> you know, the job of a peacekeeper is to protect, first and fore >> navai: jane holl lute has been working on the issue for years, and hela senior position in the u.n. at the time of the 2005 zeid report. >> our watchword is zero tolerance. what does it mean? it means zero compcency and zero impunity. >> navai: in bambari, a town in the central african republic, a young woman said that she'd been gang-raped by mauritanian peacekeepers; this is logged on your own system. when we spoke toer, she said that she hadn't had any contact from the u.n. in two months. she was never told about her case. >> part of the reason that the secretary-general appointed a victims' rights advocate at such a senior level is to correct those kinds of shortcomings. >> navai: but do you think it's

acceptable that a woman who was so recently raped has initial contact th the u.n. and then doesn't hear for two months? >> no, of course, of course i don't think it's acceptable. d of course i think what needs to be done is that she gets the support she need in any and all cases. >> navai: you yourself have saih the problem of sexual exploitation and abuse is either an ongoing or poteial problem "in every single one of our missions." w why shoubelieve that this is something that can be fought, when for decades, it's an ongoing problem, and peacekeepers are still raping? >> it is an ongoing problem everywhereand do we have to face the reality that there is nothing we can do about it? no. we have to ask ourselves, "are we doing everything we can?" you know, we're... there's no wand-waving here, you know? there's no magic swish and flick, and it goes away. ♪ >> navai: back in congo, the

u.n. invited us to sow it's reinforcing its zero-tolerance message. (woman translating) >> nav: and they also invited us to attend an event they were hosting in bujavu, one of goma's poorest neighborhoods. (dance music playing) adama n'dao is in charge here. she and her team encourage victs to report sexual exploitation and abuse, and promise them support. (n'dao speaking french): a we are doiot of outreach, educating the communities, providing them with all the support that they need in order

to make sure that oncesee the situation is worsening, tous aler ♪ chop-chop in the bando ♪ i don't want to look like >> navai: i wanted to know whether adama's efforts to get victims to report abe were working. ♪ francine got a job as a housekeeper for a civilian peacekeeper in goma to support her family. she says it soon became clear that sheas expected to have sex with her boss. (francine speaking):

(alice kasemwana speaking french): n ai: alice kasemwana works for a local ngo that provides social andsychological support for victims of sexual abuse like francine. (kasemwana speaking): ♪ >> navai: soon after francine became pregnant, the manhe says is the father of her child

disappeared. (francine speaking): >> navai: since 2010, the u.n.94 has recordedaternity claims-- and thesere just the cases it knows about. in 2016,he u.n. set up a trust fund to provide support for,am g other things, young mothers and their peacekeeper babies. but francine didn't benefit. this is because the u.n. didn't know of her existence-- or many others like her, who don't report their cases. an this box that i'm ding in front of is the complaints box, where young women are supposed to drop off allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation, but of course look at it. i mean, it's a load of acronyms, what does that mean? and it's not in the local nguage, it's in english and

french. i've never met any young woman here, and i've spoken to so many, who've known of this box's existence. (speaking french): >> non. >> navai: non.ai (nnd man speaking): >> navai: is there anything in it? shall i have a look in this? can't see. empty. i nted to put our findings to the u.n.'s acting head of mission in congo. when we spoke directly to women and girls, they wanted to tell somebody. they didn't know how to. does this surprise you? >> well, as i said, i'm not sure that we've met, that we have identified everybody, so itt doesrprise me that you have found such cases. what ware trying to do is to carry out our communication activities in the areas in which we work, and we'll continue to alearn how to do it bette we just have to do it better.

>> navai: the u.n. has also pledged toind and support victims from the past-- women such as valerie, w was just 14 when she says didier bourguet began paying her for sex. back in 2005, the u.n.'s head of mission in congo h made a direct promise to bourguet's victims. >> we will make an effort to find them, and we will make an effort to include them underimur viupport program. that's, that's, that's what we have to do. >> navai: and nobody from the u.n. has ever talked to you about this or interviewed you about this? >> navai: i put this to the u.n. official now in arge of tracking victims.

adama, we found a woman who had been abused as a child by didier bourguet. >> (gasps) >> navai: yeah.ob she saidy ever spoke to knr from the u.n. she didn't even ow that he was imprisoned. so these children that were abused, raped by didier, was there ever any follow-up? >> no, we could not trace them. >> navai: but we'd been able to find them through our local producer within days of arriving in goma. we heard of several of his victims whare around and living in goma who never hrd from the u.n. do you think that's acceptable? >> no. i will correct it. eu've identified them, so will correct that. >> navai: and why hasn't the u.n. tracked a of his victims down? >> well, that's a history that goes back many, many years, more than a decade.ex i can'ain all of that.

but i think it's helpful that you've identified these individuals so that we can do so. >> navai: but it took congolese producer a day tofe track quite of them down. >> mm-hmm. >> navai: so what's happening there? >> i'll have to find out. um... i'll have to find out. ♪ >> navai: it's now more than ten years since zeid ra'ad al hussein wrote his report about tackling u.n. sexual abuse.cc sive secretaries-general have supported his recommendations to improve criminal accountability. but so far, the u.n. has been unable to persuade member states to adopt them. why are the member states fighting this? why won't they adopt it? >> you have to ask the member states.t i mean, you ... >> navai: why do you think? >> i don't know, because for me. >> navai: but you must have an idea. >> no, i don't, i don't know. i dot know, honestly, i don' know.

>> navai: but if you can't explain this to me, you know, the man who saw this on the ground ten years ago, who wrote the seminal report, who spent time thinking about this and t tinking about solutions-- if you can't tell me why, who can? >> the member states. u have to interview them >> navai: we approached the u.n representati numerous member states whose personnel have been accused of abuse and exploitation, including france, congo, and mauritania. none of them agreed to be interviewed. co on the issue of tability, ultimately, where does the buck stop? is it the secretary-general? is it the member states? >> well, the way it, i mean,ri it's bott now. i mean, the secretary-general has a big microphonend should be using it on these issues. but member states, of course, have their bit to do.

it's their, you know, parliaments, their legislatures, that need to pass these laws. it's their militaries that need to provide accountability. >> the reality is today, there is no guarantee of criminal accountability for someone who .ommits rape inside a u.n. peacekeeping missi despite a lot of effort by a lot of people and a strong commitment by the top reaches of the u.n., the systems in place now are full of holes. >> navai: for all the talk of reform, the numbers remaink. st there have been more than 1,700 alangations since the u.n. b making them public 15 years ago, but its only recorded 53 uniformed peacekeepers being sent to jail for sexual offenses and only one international civilian-- didier bourguet.

bourguet, i discovered, has now completed his prison sentence and is a free man. in june 2018, i tracked him down to the south of france.(b ds chirping) he told me he's homeless and keeps his possessions in the woods. although he was convicted ofap just two, i wanted to know about his many other alleged viims. how many children did you have sex with in congo? >> navai: how easy was it for a u.n. employee to find chilen and young girls to havx with?

>> navai: how old were the children you were having sex with? >> navai: but you were convicted of having sex with a 12-year-old. >> navai: did you know what you were doing was wrong? >> yes. >> navai: did you feel guilty? not much. >> navai: we asked the frenc prosecutors about bourguet's admission that he's had sex with multiple children, and our discovery of a new aeged victim. they told us they hadnf passed themation on to police to investigate.

for bourguet's alleged victims like valerie, the scars remain deep. ♪ >> navai: the women and children in this film requested we pass on their details to the united nations. daniella was later contacted by the u.n. and has received counseling. l nda has also heard from the u.n. in the centrican republic. en valerie has n touch with the u.n. team in congo, as has francine. they're both still waiting to hear back. mauricette has had no further contact from the u.n.-- four months after we brout her case to their attention.

so far this year, the united nations has recorded 32 new allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse against peacekeepers. ♪ >> 2300 children have been taken from their parents. >> narrator: frontline has bee t reporting onhe border for over a year. >> under pressure, president trump said he would keep families togeer. >> but the border is going to bb just as tough n. >> narrator: correspondent martin smith investigates the policy decisions. c >> plenty fusion, both on the border and inside the beltway. >> narrator: and the impact on children and families. >> go to pbs.org/frontline for a q&a with corresponnt ramita navai about how she tracked down new victims.>> e found her living with her family on the outskirts of town. >> and reamore about what the

un is now doing for them. >> we have to ask ourselves are we doing everything ? >> and read the latest on the didier bourgueil story.ou >> didnow what you were doing was wrong? >> yes. >> connect to the frontline community facebook and twitter, and sign up for our newsletter at pbs.org/frontline. i >> fro is made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. and by the corporation for public broadcasting. major support is provided by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation, committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information is availae at macfound.org. the ford foundation: working with visionaries on the front lines of social change rldwide. at ford foundation dot org. additional support is provided by the abrams foundation: committed to excellence in jour the park foundation, dedicated to heightening public awareness of critical issues the john and helen glessner family trust. supporting trustwort journalism that informs and

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- as a teenager growing up in macon, georgia, jason aldean dreamed oa future as a country music superstar. but after years of driving big rigs and aying small town gigs, jason all but gave up that dream. how close did you come to quitng? - i was extremely close. - [carlos] so what pushed this country kid to challenge the very genre he loved, grind out a caer of hits, and come back from witnessing a national tragedy in las vegas, (gun banging) all while maintaining his course to breaking big? (crowd cheering) - houston! - what makes people successful? what are the uected turns in life