captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'mdy oodruff. on the newshour tonight, president trump heads to iowa and illinois, toutinid package for farmers hurt by tariffs. take a look at how the president's trade policies are playing out in america's heartland. then, a populist candidate for prime minist declares victoryel in pakistan's tion amid violence, allegations of fraud and economic instabity. and, the cost of care-- making sense of the increasing demand for home care workers as baby boomers age. gi this is going to impact every single person, the of the population, the critical erortage of elder care workers is gonna affect one of us. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs nshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >>abbel. language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, li spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babel's 10-15 minute lessons are availalie as an app, or . more information on babbel.com. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and fi incial literathe 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporti innovations in ucation, democratic engagement, and the advancement

of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> a with the ongoing suppor of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there are new signs of a détente on at least one front of the trump administration's trade war. commerce secretary wilbur ross h sa department will continue an investigation into whether new tariffs should be imposed on auto imports from europe. but the pr to wait until negotiations are

finished before a final decisios ade. we'll dive deeper into what the president's trade strategy means for american farmers right after the news summary. deputy u.s. attorney general rod rosenstein is under fire today, after conservative republicans in coness launched a bid to impeach him. last night, 11 house freedom caucus members aused him of "high crimes and misdemeanors" and insisted he "repeatedly failed to produce documes" to congress on the russia probe and clinton e-mail investigation. onaveling in boston, attorney general jeff sesdefended rosenstein, and urged congress to turn its attention to more keportant work. >> what i would ongress to do is to focus on some of the legal challenges that are out there. we need congress to deal wh the immigration question. there are loopholes in our laws that are bng exploited. we need to get them focused and

we're pleading with them to do so. >> woodruff: house speaker paul ryan also says he's against the impeachment effort, and said he doesn't want to be "cavalier" with the process. but the number three republican in the house, steve scalise, does endorse it. any vote will have to wait until september, when the house returns from its summer recess. one of the house republicansg leadat call for rosenstein's impeachment, ohio j representati jordan, officially announced plans today for the speaker of the house, if republicans keep their majority after the november elections. jordan is a co-founder of the conservative house freedom caucus current house speaker paul ryan announced he's not running for re-election in the fall. in pakistan, ballots are still being counted after yesterday's election. but populist imran khan has declared victory to be the country's next prime minister, even as allegations of vote rigging hang over the former

cricket star. we'll take stock of pakistan's political climate later in the show. president trump is threatening "large sanctio" on turkey if it does not free a detained american pastor. andrew brunson has spent the past year and a half in jail on terror and espionage charges. today, the president tweeted that he "should be released immediately!" vice president mike pence also demanded action, at a washington conference on religious freedom. >> pray for pastor brunson. while he is out of jail, he is still not free. and to president erdogan and the turkish government i have a message on behalf of thepr ident of the united states of america: release pastorow andrew brunsonr be prepared to face the consequences. >> woodruff: brunson was moved h from prison se arrest in turkey yesterday due to "health concerns." a spokesman for turkey's foreign

minister said his country "will never tolerate threats." in greece, officials now say there are "serious indications"o is to blame for a deadly wildfire near its capis l. that comesthorities confirmed three more deathisfrom monday'ster, raising the toll to at learv 82 people. ors in mati worked to clear the debris left behind from the inferno. and in athens, relatives crowded the rgue to learn the fate o their missing loved ones. a man detoted a small homemade explosive device outside the u.s. embassy in beijing today, wounding only himself. the blast went off as people were lined up waiting to apply for visas. police said the suspect was from china's inner mongolia region. they've yet to establish a motive. the attack comes amid an ongoing trade dispute between the u.s. and china. an experimental alzheimer's drug is showinpromising results in delaying the disease's

progression.lt refrom an early trial found the drug attacked plaque buildup in the brain, and slowed dementia in patients with early' stage alzhei the u.s. and japanese- based drugmakers said they plan large trials in ture. and stocks were mixed on wall street today. after good news on trade, the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 113 points to close at 25,527. busa plunge in facebook sha pushed the nasdaq down 80 points, and also weighed on the s&p 500, which slipped eight. still to come on theanewshour: paki contested vote to its next prime minister the new jersey attorney general speaks about becoming the inrget of discrion. facebook's biggest one-day stod drop ever, aforts to combat fake news, and much more.

>> woodruff: the president hit the road today, and headedest. yamiche alcindor reports on mr. trump's efforts to reassure american farmers, amid rising concerns of the economic fallout of his ongoing trade war with china. >> china's doing a little number. they want to attack the farm vlt because they know those-- the farmers love moted for me. we won every one of the states. >> alcindor: in iowa and illinois today, mr. trump touted his support for american farmern a $12 billion farm aid package he announced yesterday. it's to offset tariffs he's put on chinada and mexico, three of the u.s. agriculture industry's largest trading dpartners. inuque, iowa, mr. trump brushed off critics of his trade and told farmers to be patient.

they interview him on television. they see i know it will be tough for a while, but he's doing the right thing. >> our people feed the world.nt they don't wa bailouts, they want for trade. >> but the president's a >>lcindor: but the president's trade policy has come under fierceriticism by free-trade supporters in his own party. even missouri senator roy blunt, normally a strong supporter of mr. trump, says trade backlash on farmers is largely an economic wound inflicted by the president himself.li >> the farm fa that i work for would rather have open markets than have a government program, but there's obvusly a reason for this program and part of the financial stress at they're seeing is created the government's decisions on trade. >> alcindor: but today, treasury secretary steve mnuchin dismissed that criticism. >> we're not bailing out any farmers, that is a ridiculous comment. the presidt argues long-term farmers will be bert off. overwhelmingly u.s. farmers say that's not the case.re theylready facing tough

global competition and fear the president's trade war will cos them access to valuable markets that they need to sell crops and other products abroad. mike petefish is a farmer in claremont, minnesota, and esident of the minnesota soybean growers association. >> alcinr: petefish says farmers are beginning to wonder if the administration hadea plan on traor understands how farmers are affected. h at includes sorting out nafta negotiations witjor buyers of u.s. pork, canada and mexico, as well as an ex strategy for an escalating tariff war with aina, which imports about one- third of americaual soybean crop. >> basically, we opened up europe and that's gonna be a great thing for europe. ret it's really gonna be a thing for us. alcindor: president tru today also hailed agreements made with the european union yesterday, to ease tariffs and other market restrictions for u.s. goods like soybeans.

>> that whole soybean thing is now gonna be opened up. no tariffs, no nothing, free trade. >> alcindor: but china's market for u.s. ag products is vastly different than the e.u.'s. china's population is larger, younger and increasing, with an improving diet and rising demand for u.s. ag products as standards of living rise. in comparison, the e.u.'s population is smaller, older and decreasing, with no signs of similar demand. petefish says the e.u. deal is a positive development, but not a replacement for china. >> certainly the eu canno replace the demand going into china south important we reborld regain that market sha.re >> alcindor: as for the $12 billion in aid, petefish says losses in soybeans alone could amount to at least that much. and that doesn't include u.s. , corn and sorghum growe that have also been hurt by the tariffs. >> at the end of the day, farmers want access to markets, not handouts. as farm incomes continue to fal and farmers get squeezed

financially, that will impact their voting behaviors, and you can rest assured farmers are paying very, very close attention to this. if these low prices continue t linger around, farmers will have to consider very hard their choice in the upcoming elections. >> alcindor: and it's something petefish says wi be on rural voters' mind, come the november midterms and a presidential race less than two years away. for the pbs newshour, i'm yamiche alcindor. re >> woodruff: wrn to the election in pakistan where there has been a major shake up in that country's politics. the apparent winner of yesterday's vote does not come from one of the two prominent a parties that hays won elections in the past. nick schifrin has the story. t >> schifrin: f supporters of a charasmatic celebrity turned populist politician, it's a moment of celebration.

for only the second time in its history, pakistan is conducting a democratic transition. and one of the country's most famous men is declaring vi on behalf of the people. ed ): today i edge you and promise you, i will take care of your money. and we will reduce thent govern expenses. >> schifrin: 66-year-old imran khan is pakistan's likely next prime minis er. he says ctory is the end of the dynastic cronyism that's dominated pakistani politics and its two main political parties. >> the reason why we are in politics is to break the stranglehold of these two parties who have plundered this country, and time and time again taken turns in governing the country. >> schifrin: but what khan considers vindication, his opponents consider manipulation. pakistan's army and intelligence services exert outsize influence on politics and are accused of colluding with the judiciary to ensure former prime minister nawaz sharif couldn't retain power.ri shabaz sis nawaz sharif's brother.

>> ( translated ): for all the people who came to cast their votes across all of pa, this kind of abuse, this mistreatment, is injustice. >> if you're looking for the words free and fair in the pre- poll period, this isn't it. >> schifrin: moeed yusuf is the u.s. institute of peace's associate vice president for asia. he says the military opposedna z sharif's efforts to reduce its influence and lower tensions with longtime rival india. so it helped ensure naarif was sentenced and jailed on corruption charges. >> the kind of attitude and aggression that the judiciary showed nawaz sharif, the way they heard his cases on a daily basis, there was clearly an expee ted process. litary was behind thees sc once he took on the military openly, i think the decision was made that nawaz would not be heime minister. >> schifrin: butlection commission today called the vote fair and khan appealed to a population who believed the tradional elite could no longer deliver results, says columnist and former senior foreign ministry official, mosharraf zaidi. >> this is broadly representave of the will of the pakistani people.

he claims to be a change from the past, a break fr traditional politics in pakistan. >> schifrin: khan was a sports star who won the country's only cricket world p. he was garlaned a hero, and o becamene the country's most famous men. he was also a papparazzi pinup on pepsi commercials and the british media, after hexf graduated fromord, highlighted his bachelor's life. but in 1996 he traded glitz, for the grit of pakistani polics, and founded the pakistan movement for justice, or p.t.i. an's civiliani rulers corrupt, and its former military leaders autocratic. for that, he was pushed into the ck of police trucks. but khan also pushed toward religion, and the right. he's expressed support for islamist politicians and strict islamic law, earning him the at talhan. and tooaim he u.s. he led protests against the c.i.a.'s drone campaign and the war in afghanistan.

he's accused the u.s. of purposely trying to destablizeco thtry. >> ( translated will awaken all pakistanis. god willing, we will put pressure on amera, if drone attacks are not stopped our protest will continue all over pakistan. >> schifrin: but in toy's acceptance speech, khan indicated willingness to work with the u.s. >> ( translated ): until now our relations with the u.s. has been way. the u.s. thinks that they fund pakistan in order to fight their war. but pakistan has suffered great loss. now, we want a balanced lationship. >> i think this is one of those areas where imran khan will be able to have his cake and eat it too. i think he will continue t articulate a kind of strong nationalistic position. but concurrently he will have to be conciliatory toward the united states in order to ensure that pakistan continues to have the things it needs from the united states >> schifrin: pakistan relies on

u.s. technology. the u.s. needs pakistan to crack down on militants the u.s. says are shielded by pakistani intelligence. khan inherits a tense relationship, and his party has never before controlled foreign policy >> if this is the party that is going to lead 210 million people, a nuclear power, you can't just ignore it.ha you've got t a relationship, and the quicker both sides start building that rapport, i think t better it is. >> schifrin: that might be helped by similarities between khan and president trump. both overcame elite, liberal backounds to create populist nationalist credentials. >> imran khan represents a strong, muscular nationalism, which is very much what donald keump is about, so maybe these two men get along house on fire. >> schifrin: but khan first faces domestic challen he will inherit a country with widespread poverty, low health outcomes, and ballooning dt. and that means even with military support, he faces incredibly high expectations from a population eager for a break from the past. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick

schifrin. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: making sense of low wages for home care workers. today's deadline for the trump administration to reunitete sepafamilies. and a novel about native american life, in the city. for months, experts have been asking whether facebook's considerable problems would take a bite out of its almost unfathomable profits. today, facebook took its biggest financial hit to date as its tock plummeted and because of its size, that lone of the largest single day drops ever for a company on the stock market. jeffrey brown looks at whas behind the drop and the bigger questions facebook is facing beyond the one-day plunge. >> brown: the company's stock

dropped bybout 19% today, ping out, for now anyway, nearly $120 billion in market value. the reaction from investors followed a quarterly report late yesterday, and it came despite the fa increase in revenue of more $13 biion last quarter. in a call with investors yesterday, c.e.o. and founderg mark zuckerbnounced profits won't be as high going forward, because the company is making moves to shore up privacy and filter out misinformation and hate speech. here's how he put it. >> looking ahead, we willnt ue to invest heavily in security and privacy because we have a responsibility to keep people safe. but as i've said on past calls,e we're ing so much in security that it will significantly impact our profitability. we're starting to see that this quarter. >> brown: for e record, we should say the newshour works with facebook on projects. and we take a deeper l the company now with casey newton, seor editor at "the verge.

he joins me from san francisco. so, casey, in general terms, first, is this a case h te bottom line finally catching up with some recent bad publicity? >> well, i think that's true in two way one, the company is adding new users at a slower rate than many, many years. two, it had to hire 20,000 people to moderate the platform after the few rounds of brad press and that's eating io their profitability. >> brown: so the first issue is whether ths phnomenal growth of the company just in terms of users will can or can continue? >> that's right. you know, there are only so many people on the planet. i've seen estimates that there are about 3 billion people who ha i thenternet access necessary to use facebook. depending on how you count, facebook says it has 22 billi monthly rs, so facebook is starting to hit the ceiling on the total number

of people they might ever reach, but, you know, as a result of some of thesea scandals that ve unfolded over the past couple of years, i think they're increasingly having trlefind nog users, particularly in places like north america where they remained flat at ast million people from the l two quarters scwoo you're talking about how many people on the anet, these are the stratospheric numbers we're talking about for the kind of company like facebook. >> it's true, there's never been a company quite like it. >> brown: let's go to some of the other issues like the content issues. the big controversy recently ows been overnformation is used, the privacy issue, and what content wil appear on facebook. >> yeah, that's right. you know, i wout ld so trace facebook's big problems back to the 2016 eleinction where, the aftermathwe saw there had been lot of russianrference on , anhat unearthed a lot of things that we sort of have been

able to explore over the past couple of years. one of them has been, yeah, state-level actors trying to interfere with what you've seen on facebook. there's also been hae speech on the platform that many authorities have linked to real-world violence around thewo d. recently there is been a lot of concern in america in particurer about of misinformation on the platform with sites like info warsor hlocaust deniers that made facebook a less safe d friendly place to be so what tube said about a year ago ago was it's going to hire a bunch of people to help moderate that. while they have hired the majority of those people now, it's started to eatnto thir profitability. >> last week, uckerberg in an interview seemed to tie himself in knots over the eestion of whther holocaust deniers would be allowed on facebook. so outsiders stll looking inside thinking that they still

don't quite know even how tode with these things. >> yeah, well, you know, facebook sort of says two things simtaneously, one is it wants to actively fight against information, itis wants to get rid of fake news, it wants you to be ableo tst what you see on facebook. on the other hand, it says we're going to provide a home for people no almost no matter what they say. unless they violate this petty short list of rules, we're going to let you say whatever you want, we won'try to evaluate whatever you say is true or false, and those tw ideas seemed to be intentioned and have caused facebook a lot of problems in the last few weeks. >> brown: in terms of ad revenues, particularly, the economic model for facebook,io the real queis how much of all of this has a lasting impact, i guess.s >> iue. you know, one thing we should say is for all the problems facebook had, its revenue increased by 42% last qurter

which most companies would kill for. i don't want to give theim ession that facebook is in mortal danger here, but up until yesterday, people were writing headlis that literally said is facebook invincible, and i think what we saw that the numbers facebook reeased yesterday is no it's not, it is subject to the laws of gravity. >> brown: in theast 30 seconds, casey, wider implh ations for the tecctor in something like this, or is this seen as very facebook-specific? >> well, here's where i would say it has a boader impact. there are other big tech platforms that face very similar issues. google is the bigtgest one wih youtube which faces very simil issues also twitter faces very similar issues. similarly, peoplwant to exploit the platforms, do wrong on them. nobody has great answers for this stuff. we're figuring it out together in realtime. >> brown: casey newton of the verge. thank you very much. >> my pleasure.

>> brown: the problem of hatef speech is not limited to the internet. a pair of longtime new jsey radio hosts were kicked off the air today, after repeatedlyrr reg to the country's first sikh attorney general as "turban amna nawaz has the story. >> nawaz: new jersey governor phil murphy caed the remarks by nj 101.5's dennis malloy and judi franco "abhorrent" an "xenophobic." here's what they said, referring to new jersey attorney general gurbir grewal, on the "dennis and judi show" wednesday afternoon. the attorney general -- i'm never going to know his name, just going to say the guy with the turban. >> okay. the new attorney general.ma ♪ turba . >> yeah, turban man. listen, if that offends you, don't wear the turban and i'll remember your name.(l

ghter) but turban man, is that highly offensive? o me? >> nawaz: and new jersey yeah. to people who wear turbans, could be. >> and attorney general gurbir grewal joins us now from newark. you've spoken beforebo experiencing discrimination in various points in your life, but in this one moment, when you heard these remarks, what went i rough your mind? >> unfortunatelyve spoken on this issue before throughout my life, really. what was different this particular incident is i think all of new jersey heard it. more often than not, a lot of these comments are on the comment sections of newspaper articles or on social media. and when all of new jersey hea it, my initial reaction was, obviously, it was a little bitng disturo me, but i've developed thick skin throughoutr my cr. i have a high-profile job, i have a lot of people around me to look out and pro itect me, have a security detail, but what

really bothered me was that there were so many other people in the state that don't have that same thing skin, there aree le who don't have the benefit of the same security that i have that will be affected really deeply by these comments, particularly kids, other sikh kids that might not have thi sn. >> it is very high profile. you visible in many ways. you the first sikh state attorney genal in u.s. history. do you see it a as part of your responsibility to have to represent for your faith and educate people about your faith? >> it's not just representing for my faith. i think ito standing upr those who can't stand up for themselves. you know, my fth is a personal matter, but by virtual of being a sih, it is something i wear openly and people know that i ao a sikh i do explain myself, and i do explain to people th concepts of my religion, but it motivates me in a personal and

professional way to stand up for those who can't stand up for themselves. so, in a lot of ways, being aea sikh, to me, being a natural-born public serndvant standing up for, in the case of my work, on behalfo dac recipients, standing up against a daca repeal, standing up against an unconstitutional travel ban. sanding up against fmily separation, standing up against any sort of hate and bigotry wes see in tate. >> in your role as attorney general you have filed and joined mo lre than wsuits specifically challenging trump administration policies. ro you see it as part of you priorities in office to challenge this administration? >> you know, as the ch li enforcement officer, i would love to concentrate all my time here on ny,w jerut, unfortunately, new jersey's also under attack from washington and, so, we have to stand up for the tens of thousands of daca recipients in this state whose ves are being put in jeopardy.t

we have tod up against a travel ban affecting muslim members of newersey, residents of new jersey. we have to stand up on so many different issues bauc there is so much coming out of washington at this point. up>> you mentioned standino the remarks you heard from the radio hosts earlier. iou tweeted in response at the radio station and d this is my name, my position, i'm a sikh american you also said i have three daughters and, yesterday, i told them to turn off the radio. what did you say to your children about what they just heard? >> radio hosts are free to criticize me. i have an enormous privilege to serve the residents o this state and they have the livilege to call me out on the policies they donke, but we can do it in a thoughtful, coteous and respectsful manner. that's what i teach my kids, and if i have an opportunity to tal ese radio hosts, that's what i would say to them. people have said, would you go on their radio show? i have no drsire toctice my interview skills on a radio show.

i think they could bit by joining me in a community meeting where i talk to residents in this state who have en affected by hate and bias crimes and i would welcome the opportunity to sh them how hateful comments are now turning into hatpaeful conduct is of this state and how we all have a bility in this moment to act bert, and that's a message i sent to my daughters, that's a message i tried to portray through my work and a message i'll try to continue -- continue to stand ufor as attorney general in new jersey. >> attorney general gurbir grewalthanks for your e. >> my pleasure, thank you for having me. >> woodruff: many of us will want to stay home as we get older but as the baby boomon generages, the country is facing a shortage of home care workers to make that possible. our economics correspondent paul solman has the fir reports on this issue. it's part of our series "making sense" which airs thursdays on

the newshour. >> reporter: monica poremba works 75 to 95ours a week as a home care worker, and that's not counting commuting time. >> there is a lot of driving involved. >> reporter: unpaid driving time she spends getting to her clients in rural areas outside summer vacation hotspot traverse city, michigan. ing, tom.o >> reporter: poremba never knows what she'll find when she r tom, who hase advanced dementia, and needs her care desperately. >> one day a couple of weeks ago he wanted me to come outo the garage to look at something. he had taken brick red spray paint to the wheel of histh leisure vaking it was a cleaner of some sort. now he has one wheel of his i leisure van thpainted brick red when he really meant to just clean it. your pills are right here. don't forget to take those.

>> reporter: after 6 to 8 hours here with tom, poremba will head to another client. >> everybody is always callingck you, "can you p this shift? that shift?" it's hard to he a life when you work that many hours. >> every year there is just an increased demand for our services. >> reporter: amy northway is poremba's boss at monarch home health services. >> i literally get calls daily for clients that we have to turn ay because we just cannot staff them. >> reporter: michigan, like the rest of the country is facing as criticrtage of home care workers to assist older adults and people with disabilities who live at home with daily tasksle like eating,ing, bathing. gerontologist clare luz. >> in michigan alone, we're going to need 32,000 more direct care workers by 2020. >> reporter: 2020 is-- >> a year and a half. right. >> reporter: with about 10,000 baby boomers retiring every single day, home care is one of

the fastest growing occupations in america with some 50% more needed by 2026, these are among the most- needed jobs of the future. problem is, the median pay in the present is just $10.49 an hourys >> people likef make between $8 and $11 an hour. i think $11.50 is th range. >> reporter: last year single mother bea kurek supplementedco her home care with nursing home work. how much did you make last year? >> somewhere around 19 but i mean i-- >> reporter: 19,000? >> yeah. i was really proud of myself for making that much. >> reporter: for making it to 19000? >> yes. >> reporter: if you just do home care in a year how much can you make? i am not quite sure. i haven't ever been brave enough to try that. >> reporter: kurek and her daughter, evelyn, rely on help from family and public health coverage. >> she's got michigan child and

i've got medicaid. if i didn't have to government medical really i would be in a bad spot especially because i have migraines and i have epilepsy. i would lose my medication. my medication costs $2200 a month >> reporter: kurek recently quit the nursing home. now she will have to manage with home care as her sole income. but you really can'tends meet without family help doing that right? >> no i can't, which is why i might have to pick up a night job as a waitress. >> reporter: a quarter of home care workers live in householdlo the poverty line. and more than half rely on someu form oic assistance. why the low pay? luz ticked off the usual explanations. >> we are an ageist society, we don't place a lot of value on older adults or the people that take care of them. it's invisible. it's typically, historically women's work. >> reporter: sure.nd >>s we know, a lot of

women's work has never been compensated financially.in it's donhe home, it's not paid. >> reporter: and even when it is paid, it's often disrespected. >> i've had clients call, "my girl's are not here yet." meaning the home health aide or the personal care aide isn't there yet. >> reporter: alyssa lawr ice has behome care for ten years. >> my clients have called and said, "hey my cleaning lady isn't here yet." it's not just a cleaning lady. you know you have somebody in their home that relies on somebody for showering bathing and toileting and their family memberwon't even go in and do it. >> reporter: but in traverse city, even the maids make more th the home care workers. we passed a sign outside a hotel hiring housekeepers at $15 an hour. no surprise it's so hard for amy northway to findorkers. >> a lot of our employees or potential employees take those housekeeping positions because they sometimes pay $25 an hour and the's absolutely no way i can compete with that. for instance mcdonald's, they're

hiring $11 an hour, the employee can stay for eight hours or whatever her scheduled shift is, and be done. whereas in home healthcare, we're asking this caregiver to show up at one client's, work for a specified amount of time, get in her cive across town, that's gas, that's wear and tear on her car, that's time that she's maybe not getting reimbursed for, and that makes it very difficult for us. >> reporter: so why don't you pay them more? >> i can't, i wouldn't have a business if i paid them more than that. >> reporter: but with g demand; not enough workers, basic economics says wages simply have to go up. the catch: home care is dominated by one payer. yes, some is paid for privately through long-term care insurance or personal vings. but 70% is paid for by the government. medicare only pays for short- term home care. medicaid is the primary long-

term home care payer, channeled through local area agencies on aging. >> our area agency clients reimburse us right around 17.50 an hou >> reporter: so roughly. >> there's very little margin, yup, in those clients. our private pay clients of course do pay more for that but they really do kind of offt r other clients who aren't able to afford to pay that. >> reporter: with government doing the bulk of the paying, it effectively dictatesuch employers can pay their home care workers. what's the point at which if yoe were paying vers that much, you would go out of business? >> 15 or $16 an hour. >> reporter: you'd go out of business, you'd go bankrupt. >> if i did that contially, yes. >> reporter: northway's tax, insurance and office expenses don'leave much wiggle room. despite thlow pay, however, bea kurek says home care is her passion. >> is a relationship. you ha to take care of these people, get to know them, they're part of your family, they're part of

your heart. >> reporter: but she plans to return to college so she can get a higher paying job, hopefully as a nurse. >> i don't really have a choice at this point. if i want to be able to make enough money to support my'm child,oing to have to. >> reporter: but as more and more of us grow older and want to stay in our homes, clare luz warns we're going to have to find a way to keep people in home care. >> it's the direct care workforce that's in the house, day in and day out doing the kinds of tasks that we all nerd to do in oo stay at home. this is going to impact every single person, the aging of the population, the critical shortage of elder care workers is gonna affect every one of us. >> reporter: so what can be done?'l weexplore possible answers in part two of our look at theg simmerme care crisis. for the pbs newshour, this is economics correspondent paul solman, reporting frhigan.

>> woodruff: as we reported earlier, today is the colit- ordered de for the u.s. government to reunite families separated at the border. more than 2500 children between the ages of five and 17 were held in government custody, as a result of administration zero tolence policy.nt the governays 1820 children have been discharged. yamiche alcindor and amna nawaz are both back with us to help h explain what's behind the policy and the numbers. hello both of you. amna, you have been following this, what is the latest on the reunification? >> looks like the deadline is today. the governme has till midnight tonight pacific time to meet their deadline, sothere are still several hours to. go they maintain they will meet the deadline and reunify all thh

kids ins age group with their parents. the numbers a little tricky because 's not apps to apples comparison, but the numbers are still the same number of eligible kids, started out with about 2,500. if you even take the biggest number they say they have discharged over 1,800, 1,400 riunified with parents in i.c.e. detention, they're still weeding out about a third of all kids separated by this separation that they don't yet have plan to reunify. >> woodruff: so those are question marks that still hang over those children. >> very much so. >> woodruff: so, yamiche, it was the ump administration that ordered this policy, that ordered this children to be separated from the parentsno. they're trying to put them back together again. are they explaining why, how this happened? >> well, president trump talking about any families that were separated as part of his immigration poe cy. instead,nted to talk about immigrants that were committing

crimes like ms-13 gang members. hat's striking because president was tough on immigration but very vocal wh pn the policy in place, said he wanted to deter immigrants comingo the united states and separated families to do that. i want to put up numbers because it shows why the president doesn't want to talk about this. in the latest pbs "newshour", marist poll, fund half americans characterized president trump's immigration policy is a change f the worse. another is the issue of immigration also hurts candidates when it comes to midterms. same poll found 44% of voters who wod back a candidateor congress who would oppose president trump's immigration policyu so i reached to not only white house sources but people close to trump and none wanted to talk about this today. >> woodruff: amna, back to you, you have been talking to different agencies as thetry to follow whatever the policy happens to be. what happens now? >> that's a g question mark. there is still a lot of work to be done by the government an a lot of uncertainty for these

families. let's think about some of these numbers focond, judy. there are still understand hs of parents slated for deportation who will now have to decide will i leave with or without my child. enthere are hundreds of p who have left the country either voluntarily or deported, and there's reason to believe they might not even have known what documents they were signing when they left, what rights they wer signing away, there are questions about that. there are still 40 chiomldren fr he government doesn't have any identifying information about who those parents are, and this says nothing about the nearly thousand children -- wee talking about all ages, infants up to age 17 -- who wert admited by the government, and there's no expedited reunification time because they weren't part of this jge's orders. >> woodruff: meaning they came in at a different time or -- >> meaning tt, for some reason, the government has found they are excluding them from this group. they are still in government care in some cases, they may be placed in other sponsors or with other family members, but they weren't part of these dearedlins

we w talking about today. >> woodruff: so, finally,he yamiche, has been so much controversy, the testimonials of the families, we've hea directly from people working with these families. what is the government saying about how to go forward? >> the government is sayind they've trl they can and they're trying to reunify as many families as they possible can. the government said tonight in their court filing they want to hast a nexep and the next step is we want to start telling you about who the pople are we deported and start trying to find the parents deported without their children. they're also saying they want to share the aclu da about th people who have been reunited, they're talking about names and locations. we would think that was something they already wouldde have probut we are now saying they can do that now. thother thing is the government want people, after 48 hours of being reunited, make the decision to leavehe country with or without your child. that's important because the aclu is saying they need more

time but the government saying, no, we were clear as to whether you would waive your rights to have your child with you or not and you need to make up your nd. the government is saying there are arguments about whether or not people understood they were waiving their rights when the parents were deported without the kids, they say they were very clear with the parufents. >> woo today is the deadline but sounds as if there are still a lot of questions thatemain to be answered. this story is not over. yamiche alcindor, amna nawaz, thank you both. >> woodruff: now, a look at a novel that's received much attention in recent months. written by nate american author tommy orange, it sheds light on a group of people long stereotyped, and often ignored. jeffrebrown traveled to oakland california, for the latest from our newshour

bookshelf. >> brown: dimond park in oakland california: tommy orange spent hours here as a kid-now visits with his wife and son. he grew up down the street, the child of a white mother and native american father. >> sometimes you feel like you belong right in the skin that you have, and sometimes you feel like an alien and all the different spaces in between.ge >> brown: or acclaimed debut, "there there," is novel of voices-- a dozen characters exploring what it means to be native american in an urban setting, not on a reservation. >> i wanted to have the range of experiences for these native characters, so different ages in different contexts and different s,ruggles and backgrou various different proximities to their native identity. some struggle with it and some a n't. so i wanted to havnge of what it means to be native right now.fo

>> brown: r 36-year-old raange, an enrolled member of the cheyenne andho tribes, his native identity came mostly larough visits to his father's childhood home in ma. wack in oakland, identity more fluid, even concerning what an indian is supposed to look like. >> if i'm in the fruitvale like are now people speak spanish to me first. >> brown: yeah, this part of town. >> in high school i was called racial slurs and at certain points. >>rown: racial slurs? indian? >> it was actually chinese racial slurs. >> brown: really? >> i've been thought to be a lot of different things because i have, you know, an ambiguity. >> brown: if you're being, slurs thrown at you about being chinese, what was your reaction to that? >> i got pretty angry. but it was also conf it's like, you can't even be

made fun of right. >> brown: after graduating froml e, orange worked in a variety of jobs, including here at oakland's native american health cente returning with us recently he was now a local celebrity. he became a reader late, he tol d was not satisfied with the monolithic image of natives he found. >> when people think the only way to be native or the only way to look native is based on a historical, head dressed feathered image. you've already disappeared, you're already gone before you can even start. there's something powerful about seeing yourself on the peee or on the s and we don't hgoe very much a positive version of that, native people. we have lot of stereotypes that we battle against or negative ideas that we're dumb or drunk, you w. so i was sort of writing outssf a loneline. >> brown: what came out is being widely praised as an imptant new voice in american

literature. >> we know the sound of the freeway better than we do rivers, the howl of distantr trains betan wolf howls, we know the smell of gas and freshly wet concrete and burned rubber better than we do theed smell of or sage or even fry bread-which isn't we ride buses, trains, and cars across, over, and under concrete plains. being indian has never been about returning to the land. thland is everywhere or nowhere. >> brown: one of the characters in "there there," 14-year-old orvil red feather, explores his indian heritage by watching videos on youtube, a contemporary way to learn what it means to be native, and mething orange himself turned to for research.an >> irban setting, if you're not tapped into the, tod the community u're not going to powwows and you know, for some of us, our parents aren't forthright about the

history or the culture or tribe sometimes because of pain.he so's still that curiosity. and what better place for that is there than the internet if you're curious. >> brown: a wwow, in fact, becomes the destination that finally connects orange's characters. he patterned it on real ones, large inter-tribalkeatherings lihis in albuquerque, new mexico. >> it's intertribal and it's contemporary and traditional. >> brown: but he set hisct nal powwow at the oakland coliseum, where he'd attended ball games in his youth. >> you have a bunch of people comingogether to dance and to sing and to drum and there's an aliveness to being native that you can feel there. i have my characters reflectingw on like,o be indian. how do you do it now? what does that mean if you live in the city. >> brown: orange studied and now teaches at the influential institute of american indian arts in santa fe, and he's just

one among a new generation of writers and poets lling a new native story. the goal now, he says, for himself and other writers, is to sustain the momentum they're building, and keep telling stories. >> one of the functions of literature that i admire is howo it can makfeel less lonely in the world when you can read an intimate detail that a writer writes about and you have this feeling, like,h my god, i didn't know anybody else thought like that or did that. i want to be able to keep doing it and sport my family and help other native writers, at the program i teach in and get their work out in the world. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in oakland, california. >> woodruff: next, we turn to another installment of our weekly brief but spectachear series we ask people about their passions. hamse warfa was born in somalia

and moved with his family to the u.s. in 1994 after escaping imalia's civil war and spending almost three yeaa refugee camp in kenya. he now resides in minneapolis and is co-founder of banqu, a software company that focuses on giving refugees economic identity. >> i am a family of 14. i spent first 10 years of my life in mogadishu, somalia before the civil war my family and i fled f war, and came to refugee camp iy my mom and dad were successful entrepreneurs before the--he beforeivil war started, but when we came to the camps, we became nodies. we had this registration number, and that was our identity. we did not have any other identity. we did not exist in other ways.

we spent three years and half in dadaab refugee camp in kenya before my family and i were resettled in the united states. we came with the impression that once and for all, we are finalca me to regain freedom, freedom from fear. the average stay in refugee camp is 17 years. when a refugee is either resettled or they repatriate back to their country of origin. all the 17 years they have spent in the camp, all the services th have received, all the loans they have received, the education they have attained, all of that are non-existence because there-- there was no way to build up a transaction history for them. so they are starting life from scratch, and it is not fun. lose 17 years of your life.

unacceptable that we have 2.5 billion people around the worldd ing the 68 million americans, who are completelyct .iscon from the global, economic ecosyst they are under-banked or they are completely on un-banked; they don't have acss to bankin they are-- they don't have means to trans-- transact. they don't have means to access markets. my passion is ensuring that stem that were meant to be exclusive, to be inclusive of in the next 10 years, my goal is at least 100 million people is uplifted from povey and that storyhave a transaction that they can monetize, that they can access markets, that they can access finances. we want to bring dignity through identity by making sure that everyone is entitled and owns their own data.at we have to cdignity for everyone through identity.

my name is hamse warfa, and this is my brief but spectacular take on creating economic identities for everyone. >> woodruff: you can wat additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for in a news update, we now have the first documented case of russia trying to hack into the 2018 midterm elections. the target was the computer network of senator clae mccaskill of missouri. she's a democrat up for reelection.t in atement, mccaskill said, while this attack was not utrageousl, it is that they think they can get away with this. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening with dark shields and brooks. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the p b newshour hasn provided by:

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- one. ni - what's wrong with myng for president of this country? - i almost resent, vice president bush, your patronizing attitude that you have to teach me about foreign policy. - ahh! veou. - tomorrow night my name will gon nomination for thesidency. - i will beat al gore like a drum. [cheers and applause] - i want mcountry back! [cheers and applause] - mr. president, you were elected to lead. you chose to follow. and now it's timyou to get out of the way. female announcer: s""16 for '16: the contend is made possible in part by the ford foundation, working with the visionaries on the front lines