captioning sponsoredury newshoroductions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, president trump heads toowa and illinois, touting an aid package for farmers hurt by tariffs. we take a look at how the president's trade policies are playing out in america's heartland. then, a populist candidate for prime minister declares victory in pakistan's election amid violence, allegations of fraud and economic instability. and, the cost of care-- making sense of the increasing demand for home care workers as baby boomers age. >> this is going to impact every single person, the aging of the population, the critical shortage of elder care workers is gonna affect every one of ust >> woodruff: at and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding forhe pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, terman, italian, and more. babel's 10-15 miessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. h >> and balfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic entgement, and the advancem of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporatron for publiccasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: there are é signs of a dtente on at least one front of the trump administration's trade war. commerce secretary wilbur ross says his department will contin an investigation into whether new tariffs should be imposed on auto imports from europe. but the president has asked ross to wait until negotiations are

finished before a fil decision is made. we'll dive deeper into what the president's trade strategy means for american farmers right after the news summary. deputy u.s. attorney general ron rosenss under fire today, after conservative republicans in congress launched a bid to impeach him. last night, 11 house freedom caucus members accused him of "high crimes and misdemeanors" and insisted he "repeatedly failed to produce documents" to congress on the russia probe and clinton e-mail investigation. traveling in boston, attorney general jeff sessions defended rosenstein, and urged congress to turn its attention to morerk important so what i would like congress to do is to focus o of the legal challenges that are out there. we need congress to deal with the immigration question. there are loopholes inaws that are being exploited. we need to get them foplsed and we'rding with them to do

so. >> woodruff: house spelser paul ryansays he's against the capeachment effort, and said he doesn't want to belier" with the process. but the number three republican in the hou, steve scalise, does endorse it. any vote will have to wait until september, when the house returns from its summer recess.e one ofouse republicans leading that call for rosenstein's impeachnt, ohio representative jim jordan, officially announced plans today to run for the speaker of the house, if republicans keep their majority after the november elections. jordan is a co-founder of the conservative house freedom caucus. current house speaker ul ryan announced he's not running for re-election in the fall. in pakistan, ballots are still being counted after yesterday's election. but populist imran khan has declared victory to be the country's next prime minister, even as allegations of vote rigging hang over the former cricket star.

an'sl take stock of paki political climate later in the show. president trump is threatening "large sanctions" on turkey if it does not free a detainedas americanr. andrew brunson has spent the past year and a half in jail on terror and espionage charges. today, the president tweeted that he "should be released immediately!" vice president mike pence also demanded action, at a washington conference on religious freedom. >> pray for pastor brunson. hwhile he is out of jail,e is still not free. and to president erdog the trkish government i have a message on behalf president of the united states of america: release pastor andrew brunson now or be prepared to face the consequences. >> woodruff: brunson was moved from prison to house arrest in turkey yesterday due to "health concerns." a spokesman for turkey's foreign minister said his country "will

never tolerate threats." in greece, officials now say there are "serious indications" arson is to blame for a deadly wildfire near its capital. that comes as authorities confirmed three more deaths from monday's disaster, raising the toll to at least 82 people. survivors in mati worked to clear the debris left behind from the inferno. and in athens, relatives crowded the morgue to learn the fate of their missing loved ones. a man detonated a small homemade explosive device outasde the u.s. e in beijing today, wounding only himself. the blast went off as people were lined up waiting ly for visas. police said the suspect was from china's inner mongolia region. they've yet to establish a motive. c the attaes amid an ongoing trade dispute between the u.s. and china. an experimental alzheimer's drug is showing promising results in delaying the disease's

progression. results from an early trial found the drug attacked plaque buildup in the brain, and slow dementia in patients with early- stage alzheimer's. the u.s. and japanese- based drugmakers said they plan larger trials in the future. and stocks were mixed on wall streetoday. after good news on trade, the dow jones industrial average gained nearly 113 points to close at 25,527. but a plunge in facebook shares pushed the nasdaq down 80 points, and also weighed on the s&p 500, which slipped eight. still to come on the newshour: pakistan's contested vote to decide its next prime minister. the new jersey attorney general speaks about becoming the target of discrimination.fa book's biggest one-day stock drop ever, amid efforts to combat fake news, and much more.

>> woodruff: the president hit the road today, and headed west. yamiche alcindor reports on mr. trump's efforts to re american farmers, amid rising o concerthe economic fallout of his ongoing trade war with china. >> china's doing a little number. they want to attack aue farm belt b they know those-- the farmers love me they voted for me. we won every one of the states. >> alcindor: in iowa and illinois today, mr. trump touted his support for american farmers and a $12 billion farm aid paayage he announced yesterd. it's to offset tariffs he's put on china, canada and mexico, three of the u.s. agriculture industry's larst trading partners. in dubuque, iowa, mr. trump brushed off critics of his trade efforts, and told farmers to be patient.

they interview him on television. they see i know it will be tough for a while,ut he's doing the right thing. >> our people feed the world. they don't wanthe bailouts,y want for trade. p >> but tresident's om alcindor: but the president's trade policy has cunder fierce criticism by free-trade supporters in his own paisy. evensouri senator roy blunt, normally a strong supporter of mr. trump, says trade backlash on farmers is largely an economic wound inflicted by the president himself. >> the farm families that i work gor would rather have open markets than have rnment program, but there's obviously a reason for this program and part of the financial stress that they're seeing is created by the government's decisions on trade. >> alcindor: but today, treasury secretary steve mnuchinat dismissed thriticism. >> we're not baierng out any fa that is a ridiculous comment. the president argues long-term farmers will be bert off. overwhelmingly u.s. farmers say that's not the case. they are already facing tough

global competition and fear the president's trade war will cost them access to valuable markets that they need to sell cro other products abroad. mike petefish is a farmer in claremont, minnesota, an president of the minnesota soybean growers association. >> alcindor: petefish says farmers if the administration has a plan on trade, or understands how farmers are affected. that includes sorting out nafta negotiations with major buyers of u.s. pork, canada and mexico, as well as an exit strategy for an escalating tariff war with china, which imports about one- third of america's annual soybean crop. >> basically, we opened up europe and that't gonna be a gring for europe. but it's really gonna be a great thing for us. >> alcindor: president trump today also hailed agreements made with the european union yesterday, to ease tariffs and other market restrictir u.s. goods like soybeans.

t whole soybean thing is now gonna be opened up. no tariffs, no nothing, free trade. >> alcindor: but china's market for u.s. ag productsens vastly diffthan the e.u.'s. china's population is larger, younger and increasing, with an improving diet and rising demand rir u.s. ag products as standards of livin. in comparison, the e.u.'s population is smaller, older and decreasing, th no signs of milar demand. petefish says the e.u. deal is a positive development, but not a replacement for china. >> certainly t eu cannot replace the demand going into china south important we rebuild or regain that market share. fi alcindor: as for the $12 billion in aid, pe says losses in soybeans alone could amount to at least that much. and that doesn't include u.s. pork, corn and sorghum growers that have also been hurt by the tariffs. >> at the end of the day, farmers want accas to mrkets, not handouts. as farm incomes confatinue to ll and farmers get squeezed financially, that will impact

their ving behaviors, and you can rest assured farmers are paying very,very close attention to this. if these low prices continue to linger around, f to consider very hard their choice in the upcoming elections. >> aindor: and it's somethin petefish says will be on rural voters' mind, come the november midterms and a presidential race less than two thars away. fopbs newshour, i'm yamiche alcindor. >> woodruff: we return to the election in pakistan where there has been a mor shake up in that country's politics. the apparent winner of yesterday's vote does not come om one of the two prominent parties that has always won elections in the past. nick schifrin has the story. >> schifrin: for the supporters el turned populist litician, it's a moment of celebration. for only the second time in its

history, pakistan iscting a democratic transition. and one of the country's most famous men is declaring victory on behalf of the people. >> ( translated ): today i pledge you and promise you, i will take care of your money. and we will reduce the government's expenses. >> schifrin: 66-year-old imran khan is pakistan's likely next prime minister. he says his victory is the end of the dynastic cronyism that's dominated pakistani politics and its two main political parties. >> the reason why we are in politics is to break the stranglehold of these twoo parties ve plundered this country, and time and time again taken turns in governing the country. >> schifrin: but what khanic considers viion, his opponents consider manipulation. pakistan's army and intelligence services exert outsize influence seon politics and are accuof e lluding with the judiciary to ensure former primnister nawaz sharif couldn't retain powe shabaz sharif is nawaz sharif's brother.

>> ( translated ): for all the people who came to cast their votes across all of pakistan, this kind of aatse, this mistnt, is injustice. >> if you're looking for the words free and fair pre- poll period, this isn't it. >> schifrin: moeed yusuf is tee u.s. instif peace's associate vice president for asia. he saythe military opposed nawaz sharif's efforts to reduce its influencand lower tensions with longtime rival india. so it helped ensure nawaz sharif was sentenced and iled on corruption charges. >> the kind of attitude and aggression thathe judiciary showed nawaz sharif, the way they heard his cases on a daily basis, there was clearly an expedited process. the military was behind the scenes. once he took on the ry openly, i think the decision was made that nawaz would not be prime minister. >> schifrin: but the election commission today called the vote toir. and khan appealed population who believed the traditional elite could no longer deliver results, says columnist and former senior foreign ministry official, mosharraf zaidi. >> this is broadly representative of the will of the pakistani people. he claims to be a change from

the past, a break from the traditional politics in pakistan. >> schifrin: khan was a sports star who won the country's only cricket world cup.he was garlaned a hero, and became one the country's most famous men. heupas also a papparazzi pin on pepsi commercials and the british media, after he graduated from oxford, highlighted s bachelor's life. but in 1996 traded glitz, for the grit of pakistani politics, and founded the pakistan movement for justice.t.i. he called pakistan's civilian rulers corrupt, and its former military leaders autocratic. for th, he was pushed into the back of police trucks. but khan also pushed toward region, and the right. he's expressed support for islamist politicians and strict islamic law, earning him the nickname taliban khan. and he took aim at the u.s. he led protests against the c.i.a.'s drone campaign and the war in afghanistan.

he's accused the u.s. of purposely trying to deze the country. >> ( translated ): we will awaken all pakistanis. god willing, we will put pressure on america, if drone attacks are not stopped ourti protest will ce all over pakistan. >> schifrin: but in today's acceptance speech, khan indicated willingness to work with the u.s. ( translated ): until now our relations with the u.s. has been one way. the u.s. thinks that they fund pakistan in order to fight the war. but pakistan has suffered great loss. now, we want a balanced relationship. >> i think this is one of those areas wher able to have his cake and eat it too. i think he will continue to articulate a kind of strong nationalistic position. but concurrently he will have to be conciliatory toward thes united sta order to ensure s at pakistan continues to have the things it neom the united states.ak >> schifrin:istan relies on u.s. technology. cthe u.s. needs pakistan rack

down on militants the u.s. says are shielded by pakistani intelligence. khan inherits a tense relationship, and his party has never before controlled foreig policy. >> if this is the party that is going to lead 210 mill people, a nuclear power, you can't just ignore it. you've got to have a relationship, and the quicker both sides start building that rapport, i think the better it is. >> schifrin: that might be helped by similariti between khan and president trump. both overcame elite, liberal backgrounds to create populist, nationalist credentials. >> imran khan represents a strong, muscular nationalism, which is very much what donald trump is about, so maybe these two men get along like a house on fire. >> schifrin: but khan first faces domestic challenges. he will inherit a country with widespread poverty, low health outcomes, and ballooning debt. and that means even with military support, he faces incredibly high expectations from a population eager for a break from the past. for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin.

>> woouff: stay with us, coming up the newshour: making sense of low wages for home care workers. today's deadline for the trump administration to reunite separated families. and a novel icout native am life, in the city. for months, experts have been asking whether facebook's considerab a bite out of its almost ifathomable profits. today, facebook to biggest financial hit to date as itsst k plummeted and because of its size, that led to one of the largest single day drops ever for a company on the stock market. jeffrey brown looks at what's behind the drop and the bigger questionfacebook is facing beyond the one-day plunge. >> brown: the company's stock dropped by about 19% today, wiping out, for now anyway,

nearly $120 billion in market value. lye reaction from investors followed a quarteport late yesterday, and it came despite the fact facebook announced an increase in revenue of more $13 billion last quarter. in a call with investors yesterday,.e.o. and founder mark zuckerberg announced profits won't be as high going forward, because the company is moves to shore up priva and filter out misinformation and hate speech. here's how he put it. >> looking ahead, we will continue to invest heavily in security and privacy because we have a responsibility to keep people safe. but as i've said on past calls, we're investing so much in security that it will significantly impact profitability. we're starting to see that this quarter. >> brown: for the record, we should say the newshour works with facebook on projects. and we take a deeper look at the company now with casey newton, senior editor at "the verge." he joins me from san francisco.

so, casey, in general terms, first, is this a case of thett line finally catching up with some recent bad publicity? >> well, i think that's true in ys. one, the company is adding new users at aslower rate than many, many years. two, it had to hire 20,000 people to moderate the platform after the few rounds of brad press and that's eating into their profitability. >> brown: so the first is whether this phenomenal growth of the company just in terms of users wil can or can continue? >> that's right. you know, there arnonly so may people on the planet. i've seen estimates that ther are about 3 billion people who have the internet acsscess ney to use facebook. depending on how you count, facebook says it has 22 billion monthly users, so facebook is starting to hit the ceiling on the tot number of people they might ever reach,

but, you know, as a result of some of tese scandals that ha unfolded over the past couple of years, i think they're increasingly having trouble find nog, userticularly in places like north america wherei they rd flat at 185 million people from the last two quarters scwoo you're talking about how many peonpl the planet, these are the stratospheric numbers we're talking about for the kind of company like facebook. >> it's true, there's never been a companyikuiteit. >> brown: let's go to some of the other issues like the content issues. the big controversy recently has been over how information is used, the privacy issue, and what content will ppear on facebook. >> yeah, that's right. you know, i would sort of trace facebook's big problems back to te 2016 election where, in the aftermath, we saw there had been a lot of russian interference on the platform, and that unearthed a lot of things that we sort of have en able to explore over the past

couple of years. one of thn,em has bee yeah, state-level actors trying to interfere with what 'vuseen on facebook. there's also been hate speech on the platform that many authorities have lind real-world violence around the world. recently there is been a lot of concern in america particular about spread of misinformation ke the platform with sites li info wars or holocaust deniers that made facebook a less safe and friendly place to be. so what tube said about a year ago ago was it's going to hire a bunch of people to help moderate that. while they have hired the majority of those people now, it's started to eat into their profitability. >> last week, mark zuckerberg in an interview seemed to tie himself in knots over the question of whether holocaust deniers would be allowed on facebook. so outsiders still looinking de thinking that they still don't quite know even how to

deal with these things. >> yeah, well, you know,or facebookof says two things simultaneously, one is it nts to actively fight against the spread of misinformation, it wants to getid of fake news, it wants you to be able to trust what y see on faebook. on the other hand, it says we're going to provide a home for people no almost no mattewhat they say. unless tey violate this pretty short list ofules, we're going to let you say whatever you want, we won't try to evaluate whatever you say is true or fae, and those two ideas seemed to be intentioned and have caused facebook a lot of problems in the last few weeks. >> brown: in terms of ad revenues, particularly, the economic model for facebook, the real question is how much of all of this has a lasting impact, i guess. >> it's true. you know, one thing we should say for all the problems facebook had, its revenuecr sed by 42% last quarter

which most companies would kill for. don't want to give the impression that facebook is in mortal danger here, but up until yesterday, people were writing headlines that literally said is cebook invincible, and i think what we saw that the numbers facebook released yestday is no it's not, it is subject to the laws of gravity. >> brown: in the last 30 seconds, casey, wid implications for the tech sector in something like this, or is this seen as very facebook-specific? >> well, here's where i would say it has a broader impac there arther big tech platforms that face very similar google is the biggest one with youtube which faces very smilar issues. also twitter faces very similar issues. similarly, people want to exploit the platforms, do wrong on them. nobody has great ansrs for this stuff. we're figuring it out togethera in reltime. >> brown: casey newton of the verge. thank you very much. >> my pleasure.

>> brown: the problem of hateful speech is not limited to the internet. a pair of longtime new jersey radio hosts were kicked off the air today, after repeatedly referring to the country's first sikh attorney general as "turban man" on air. amna nawaz has the story. >> nawaz: new jersey governor phil murphy called the remarks by nj 101.5's dennis malloy and judi franco "abhorrent" and "xenophobic." here's what they said, referring to new jersey attorney general gurbir grewal, on thdi"dennis and how" wednesday afternoon. the attorney general -- i'm never going to know his nao e, just goingy the guy with the turban. >> okay. the new attorney general. ♪ turban man! . >> yh, turban man. listen, if that offends you, don't wear the turban an i'll remember your name. (laughter)

but turban man, is that highly offensive? >> to me?an >> nawaznew jersey yeah. to people who wear turbans, could be. >> and attorney general gurbir grewal joins us now from newark. you've spoken before about experiencing discrimins ion in variints in your life, but in this one moment, when you heard these remarks, what went through ur mind? >> unfortunately, i have spoken on this issue before throughout myi, really. what was different about this particular incident is i think all of nw jersey heard it. more often than not, a lot of ese comments are on the comment sections of newspapercl ar or on social media. and when all of new jersey heard it, my inctitial rean was, obviously, it was a little bit disturbing to me, but i've developed thigh skin thrt my career. i have a high-profile job, i have a lot of people around me look out and protect me, i have a security detail, but what

really bothered me was that there were so manyther peoe in the state that don't have that same thing skin, there are people who don't have the benefit of the same security that i have that will be affected really deeply by these comments, particularly kids,r otkh kids that might not have thick skin. >> it is very high profile. you visaible in mny ways. you the first sikh stateto ey general in u.s. history. do you see it a a part of yor responsibility to have to represent for your faith and faucate people about yourth? >> it's not just representing for my faith. i think it's standing up for those who can't stp for themselves. you know, my faith is a per matter, but by virtual of being a sikh, it is something i wear openlynd people know at i am a sikh, so i do explain myself, and i doto explai people the concepts of my religion, but it tivates me in a personal and

professional way to stand up for those who can't stand up for emselves. so, in a lot of ways, being a sikh means, to me,eing a natural-born public servant and standing up r, in the case of my work, on behalfo daca recipients, standing up against a daca repaeal, stnding up against an unconstitutional travel ban. nding up against family separation, standing up against ansort of hate and bigotry we see in the state. >> in your ole asattorney general you have filed and joined more than 30 lawsuits specifically challenging trump administration policies. do you see it as part of your priorities in office to challenge this administration? you know, as the chief law enforcement officer, i would meve to concentrate all my ti here on new jersey, but, unfortunately, new jersey's also under attack from washington and, so, we have to stand up for the tens of thousands of daca recipients in this state whose lives are being put in jeopardy. we have to stand up against a

travel ban affecting muslim members of new jersey, residents of new jersey. we have to stand up on so many different issues because there is so much coming out of washington at this point. >> you mentioned standing up to the remarks you heard from the radio hosts earlier. you tweeted in response at the radio station and said this is my name, my position, i'm a sikh american. you also said i have three daughters and, yesterday, itold them to turn off the radio. what did you say to your children about what thy just heard? >> radio hosts are free to criticvee me. i an enormous privilege to serve the residents of this state and they have the privilege to call me out on the policies they don't like, but we can do it in a thoughtful, courteous and respectsful manner. that's what i teach my kids, and if iave an opportunity to talk to these radio hosts, that's what i would say to them., people have sauld you go on their radio show? i have no desire to practice my interview skills on a radio show. i think they could benefit by joining me a cmunity

meeting where i talk to residents in this state who have been affected by hate and bias crimes and i would welcome the opportunity to show them how hateful comments are now turng into hateful conduct in parts of this state and how we all have a responsibility in this moment to act bert, and that's a message i sent to daghters, that's a message i tried to portray through my work and a mesge i'll try to continue -- continue to stand up for as attorney general in new jersey. >> attorney general gurbir grewal, thanks for your time.>> y pleasure, thank you for having me. >> woodruff: many of us will want to stay home ast e get older the baby boom generation ages, the country is facing a shortage of home care workers to make that possible. our economics correspondent paul solman has the first of two reports on this issue. it's part of our serieing sense" which airs thursdays onho the neur.

>> reporter: monica poremba works 75 to 95 hours a week as a home care worker, and that's not counng commuting time. >> there is a lot of driving involved. >> reporter: unpaid driving time she spends getting to her clients in rural areas outside summer vacation hotspoerse city, michigan. >> good morning, tom. >> reporter: poremba never knows what she'll find when she arrives to care for tom, who has advanced dementia, and needs he. care desperate >> one day a couple of weeks ago he wanted me to come out to the garage to look at something. h taken brick red spray paint to the wheelf his leisure van thinking it was a cleaner of some sort. now he has one wheel of his leisure van that is painted k red when he really mea to just clean it. your pills are right here.fo don'et to take those. >> reporter: after 6 to 8 hours

here with tom, poremba will head to another client. everybody is always calling you, "can you pick up this shift? that shift?" it's hard to have a life when u work that many hours. >> every year there is just an increased demand for services. >> reporter: amy northway is poremba's boss at monarch home health services. >> i literally get calls daily for clients that we have to turn away because we just cannot staff them.r: >> reporteichigan, like the rest of the country is facing a critical shortage of home careis workers to aolder adults dad people with disabilities who live at home wity tasks like eating, cleaning, bathing. gerontologist clare luz. >> in michigan alone, we're going to need 32,000 more direct care workersy 2020. >> reporter: 2020 is-- >> a year and a half. right. >> reporter: with about 10,000 cby boomers retiring evy single day, homee is one of the fastest growing occupations

in america with some 50% more needed by 2026, these are among the most-e ed jobs of the future. problem is, the median pay in the present is jus$10.49 an hour >> people like myself make between $8 and $11 an hour. i think $11.50 is the high range. >> reporter: last year single mother bea kurek supplemented her home care income with nursing home work. how much did you make last year? >> somewhere around 19 but i mean i-- >> reporter: 19,000? >> yeah. i was really pro of myself for making that much. >> reporter: for making it to 19000? >> yes. >> reporter: if you jure do home n a year how much can you make? >> i am not quite sure. eni haven't ever been bravgh to try that.te >> rep kurek and her daughter, evelyn, rely on help from family and public health coverage. >> she's got michigan child and i've got medicaid. t if i didn't hagovernment

y dical really i would be in a bad spot especiacause i have migraines and i have epilepsy. i would lose my medication. my medication costs $2200 a month >> reporter: kurek recently quit the nursing home. now she will have to manage witr homeas her sole income. but you really can't make ends meet without family he doing that right? >> no i can't, which is why io might haveck up a night job as a waitress. >> reporter: a quarter of hoca workers live in households below the poverty line. and more than half rely on some form of public assistance. why the low pay? luz ticked off the usual explanations. >> we are an ageist society, we don't place a lot of value on older adults or the people that take care of them. it's invisible. it's typically, historically women's work. >> reporter: sure. >> and as we know, a lot of women's work has never been

compensated financially. it's done in the home, it's not paid. >> reporter: and even when it is paid, it's often disrespected. >> i've had clients call, "my girl's are not here yet." meaning the home health aide or the personal care aide isn't there yet. >> reporter: alyssa lawrence has been in home care for ten years. >> my clients have cand said, "hey my cleaning lady isn't here yet." it's not just a cleaning lady. you know you have somebody int their home tlies on somebody for showering bathing and toileting and their family members won't even go in and do it. >> reporter: but in traverse city, even the maidsmore than the home care workers. we passed a gn outside a hotel hiring housekeepers at $15 an hour. no surprise it's so hard for amy northway to find workers. or a lot of our employee potential employees take those housekeeping positions because they sometimes pay $25 an hour and there's absolutely no way i can compete wist that. for ince mcdonald's, they're

hiring $11 an hour, themployee can stay there for eight hours or whatever her schedulebeshift is, anone. whereas in home healthcare, we're asking this caregiver to show up at one client's, work for a specified amount of time, get in her car, drive across townthat's gas, that's wear and tear on her car, that's time that she's maybe not getting reimbursed for, and that makes it very diicult for us. >> reporter: so why don't you pay them more?>> can't, i wouldn't have a business if i paid them more than that. >> reporter: but with growing demand; not enough workers, basic economics says wages simply have to go up. the catch: home care is dominated by one payer. yes, some is paid for privately through long-term care insurance or personal savings. but 70% is paid for by the government. medicare only pays for short- term home care. ngmedicaid is the primary term home care payer, channeleda through local gencies on

aging. >> our areagency clients reimburse us right around 17.50 an hour. >> reporter: so roughly... >> there's very little margin, yup, in those clients. our private pay clients of course do pay more for they really do kind of offset our other clients who aren't able to afford to pay that. >> reporter: with government doing the bulk of the paying, it effectively dictates how much employers can pay eir home care workers. what's the point at which if you were paying caregivers that much, you would go out of business? >> 15 or $16 an hour. >> reporter: you'd go out of business, you'd go bankrupt. >> if i did that continually, yes. >> reporter: northway's tax, insurance and office expenses don't leave much wiggle room. despite the low pay, however, bea kurek says home care is her passion. >> it's a relationship. you have to take care of these people, get to know them, theyrt of your family, they're part of your heart.

>> reporter: but she plans toe return to coll she can get a higher paying job, hopefully as a nurse. >> i don't really have a cpoice at this int. if i want to be able teymake enough mo support my child, i'm going to have to. >> reporter: but as more andol more of us gror and want to stay in our homes, clare luz warns we're going to have to find a way to keep people in home care. >> is the direct care workforce that's in the house, day in and day out doing the kinds of tasks that we all need to do in order to stay at home. this is going to impact every sierson, the aging of the population, the critical shortage of elder care workers is gonna affect every one of us. >> reporter: so what can be done? we'll explore possible answers in part two of our look at the simmering home care crisis. for the pbs newshour, this isco economicespondent paul solman, reporting from michigan.

>> woodruff: as we reported earlier, today is the court- ordered deadline for the u.s. government to reunite families separated at the border. t mon 2500 children between the ages of five and 17 were held in government custody, as i result of adration zero tolerance policy. the government says 1820 children have been discharged.c yamiche aindor and amna nawaz are both back with us to help h explain what's behind the policy and the numbers. hello to both of you. amna, you have been following this, what is the latest on the reunification? >> looks like the deadline is day. the government has till midnight tonight pacific time to meet thr deadline, so there are still several hours to. go they maintain they will meet the deadline and reunify all the

kids in this age group wiht their parents. the numbers a little tricky because it's not apples to apples comparison, but the numbers are still the same number of eligible kids, started out with about 2,500. you even take the biggest number they say they have divschargedr 1,800, 1,400 riunified with penr in i.c.e. detention, they're still weeding out about a third of all kis separated by this separation that they don't yet have a plany to reu >> woodruff: so those are question marks that still hang over those children. >> very much so. >> woodruff: so, yamiche, it was the trump administration that ordered this policy, that ordered this children to beth separated fro parents. now they're trying to put them back together agaarin. they explaining why, how this happened? >> well, president trump avoided talking about any families that were separateds part of his immigration policy. instead, he wanted to talk about immigrants that were committing crimes like ms-13 gan.g membe

that's striking because the president was tough onim gration but very vocal when he put the policy in place, said he wanted to deter immras coming to the united states and separate families to do that. i want to put up numbers because it shows why the president doesn't want to talk about this. in the latest pbs "newshour", marist poll, found half americans characterized presid policy is a change for the worse. another is the issue of immigration also hurtsit candidates wheomes to midterms. same poll found 44% ofs vot who would back a candidate for congress who would oppose president trump's immigration policy. so i reached out to not on white house sources but people close to trump and no one wantod alk about this today. >> woodruff: amna, back to you, you have been talking toe different agenas they try to follow whatever the policy happens to be. what happens now? >> that's a big question mark. there is still a lot of work to be done by the government and a lot of uncertain for these families.

let's think about some of these numbers for a second, judy.st there arl understand hs of parents slated for deportation who will now have to dece will i leave with or without my child. there are hundreds of parents who have left e country either voluntarily or deported, and there's reason to believe thghey not even have known what documents they were signing when they left, what rights they were gning away, there are questions about that. there are still 40 children for whom the government doesn'tave any identifying information about who those parents are, and this says nothing abo te nearly thousand children -- we're talking about all ages, infants up to age 17 -- who were administrated by the govannment, there's no expedited reunification time because they weren't part of this judge's orders. >> woodruff: meaning they came in at a different time or -- >> meaning that, for some reason, the vernment hasound they are excluding them from this group. they are still in governmnt care in se cases, they may be placed in other sponsors or with other family members, but they weren't part of these deadlines we were talking about day.

>> woodruff: so, finally, yamiche, there has been so much controversy, the testimonials of the families, we've heard grectly from people work with these families. what is the government saying about how to go forward?t >> the governm saying they've tried all they can and they're trying to reunify as manyfamilies as they possible can. the government said tonight in their court filing thnt to have a next step and the next step is we want to start lling you about who the people are we toported and start trying find the parents deported without their children. they're also saying they want to share the aclu data about thebe people who havn reunited, they're talking about names and locations. we would think tsot was thing they already would have provided but we are now saying they can do that now. the other thing is the government want people, after 48 hours of being reunited, ma the decision to leave the country with or without your child. that's important because the aclu is saying they needore

time but the government saying, no, we were clear as to whethera you woule your rights to have your child with you or not d you need to make our mind. the government is saying there are arguments about whether or not people understood they were waiving their rights when the parents were deported without the kids, they say they were t very clear wie parents. >> woodruff: today is the deadline but sounds as if there are still a lot of questions that remain to be ans this story is not over. yamiche alcindor, amna nawaz, thank you both. >> woodruff: now, a look at a novel that's received muec attention int months. written by native american author tommy orange, it sheds light on a group of people long stereotyped, and often ignored. jeffrey brown traveled to oakland california, for the latest from our newshour bookshelf. >> brown: dimond park in oakland

california: tommy orange spent hours here as a kid-- and now visits with his wife and son. he grew up down the street, the child of a white mother and eetive american father. >> sometimes youlike you belong right in the skin that you have, and sometimes you feen beke an alieall the different spaces ieen. >> brown: orange's acclaimed debut, "there there,o" is novel oices-- a dozen characters exploring what it means to be nativemerican in an urban setting, not on a reservation. >> i wanted have the range of experiences for these native charactersso different ages in different contexts and different struggles and backgrounds, various different proximities to their native identity.me truggle with it and some don't. so i wanted to have a range of what it means to be native right now. >> brown: for 36-year-old

orange, an enrolled member of the cheyenne and arapaho tribes, his native identity came mostly through visits tfather's childhood home in oklahoma. back in oakland, identity was more fluid, ev concerning what an indian is supposed to look like. >> if m in the fruitvale like we are now people speak spanish to me first. >> brown: yeah, this part of town. >> in high school i was called raci points.and at certain >> brown: racial slurs? indian? >> it was actually chinese racial slurs. >> brown: really?'v >>been thought to be a lot of different things because i have, you know, an ambiguity. >> brown: if you're being, slurh wn at you about being chinese, what was your reaction to that? >> i got pretty angry. but it was also confusing. it's like, you can't even be made fun of right.

>> brown: after graduating from college, orange worked in a variety of jobs, including here at oakland's native american health center. returning with us recently he was now a local celebrity. he became a reader late, he told me, and was not satisfied with the monolithic image of natives he found. >> when people think the only way to be native or the only waa to loove is based on a historical, head dressed feathered image. ve already disappeared, you're already gone before you can even start. there's something powerful about seeing yourself on the page or on the screen. and we don't have very much a good positive version of that, nativeeople. we have a lot of stereotypes that we battle against or dunegative ideas that we'r or drunk, you now. so i was sort of writing out of a loneliness. >> brown: what came ou widely praised as an important new voice in american literature. e know the sound of the

freeway better than we do, rivee howl of distant trains better than wolf howls, we knothe smell of gas and freshly wet concrete and burned rubber better than we do the smell of cedar or sage or even fry bread-which isn't we ride buses, trains, and cars across, over, and under concrete plains. being indian has never been about returning to the land. the land is everywhere or nowhere. >> bro: one of the characters in "there there," 14-year-old orvil red feather, explores his indian heritage by watching videos on youtube, a contemporary way to learn what it means to be native, and something orange himself turned to for research. >> in an urban setting, if n you' tapped into the, to the community and you're not going to powws and you know, for some of us, our parents aren't forthright about the history or the culture or tribe

sometimes because of pain. so there's still that curiosity. and what better place at is there than the internet ifur you're cious. >> brown: a powwow, in fact, becomes the destination that finally connects orange's characters. he patterned it on real ones, large inter-tribal gatherings like this in albuquerque, newme co. >> it's intertribal and it's contemporary and traditional. >> brown: but he set his fictional powwow at the oaklandh coliseum, ere he'd attended ball games in his youth. >> you have a bunch of people coming together to dance and to sing and to drum and there's an aliveness to being native that you can feel there. i have my characters reflecting on like, how to be indian. y how do it now? what does that mean if you live in the city. >> brown: orange studied and now teaches at the influential institute of american indian arts in santa fe, and he's just one among a new generaon of

writers and poets telling a new native story. the goal now, he says, for himself and other writers, is to sustain the momentum they're building, and keep telling stories. >> one of the functions of literature that i admire is how it can make you feel less lonely in the an intimate detail that a writer writes about and you have this feeling, like, oh my god, i didn't know anybody else thought like that or did that. to be able to keep doin it and support my family and help other native writers, at the program i teach in and get their work out in the world. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in oakland, california. >> woodruff: next, we turno another installment of our weekly brief but spectacular series where we ask people about their passions. hamse warfa was born in somalia and moved with his family to the

u.s. in 1994 after escaping somalia's civil war and spending almost three years in a refugee camp in kenya. heow resides in minneapoli and is co-founder of banqu, a softwareompany that focuses on giving refugees an economic identity. >> i am a family of 14. i spent first 10 yea of my life in mogadishu, somalia before the civil war my family and i fled from the war, and came to refugee camp in kenya. my mom and dad were successfulen epreneurs before the-- before the civil war started, but when we came to mps, ra became nobodies. we had this region number, and that was our identity. we did not have any other identity. we did not exist in other ways.

we spe three years and half in dadaab refugee camp in kenya before my family and i were resettled in the united states. we came with the impression that once and for all, we are finally came to regain freedom, freedom from fear. the average stay in refugee camp is 17 years. when a refugee is either teresettled or they repatr back to their country of origin. all the 17 years they have spent in the camp, all the services they have received, all the loans they have received, the education they have attained, all of that are non-existence because there-- there was no way to build up a transaction historfor them. so they are starting liffrom scratch, and it is not fun. lose 17 years of your life. it unacceptable that we have 2.i

ion people around the world, including the 68 million americans, who are completely disconnected from the global, economic ecosystem. they are under-banked or they are completely on un-banked; they don't have access to banking. hey don't have means to trans-- transact. they don't have means to access markets. my passion is ensuring that these system that were meant to be exclusive, to be inclusive of in the next 10 years, my goal is at least 100 mlion people is uplifted from poverty and that they have a transaction history that they can monetize, that ey can access markets, that they can access finances.an weto bring dignity through identity by making sure that everyone is entitled and owns their own data. we have to create dignity for everyone through ide my name is hamse warfa, and this

is my brief but spectacular take on creating economic identities for everyone. >> woodruff: you can watch additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. nd that's the newshour for in a news update, have the first documented case of russia trying to hack into the 2018 miterm elections. the target was the computer network of senator claire mccaskill of missouri. she's a democrat up for reelection. in a statement, mccaskill said, while this attack was not successful, it is outrageous that they think they can get away with this. and that's the newshour for tonigh i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks. for l of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

>> knowledge, it's where innovation begins. it's what leadus to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those workg to improve the rld's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. d. advice for life. life well-planne learn more at raondjames.com. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. onbabbel's 10-15 minute le are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by th public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by ll newshour productions captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org martha stewart: have you ever seen a fanciful p

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