ning sponsored by newshour productions, llc d >> yang: gooevening. i'm john yang. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight: with the midterm elections less than 100 days away, facebook detects dozens of fake accounts, and deletes the bad actors. then, opening statements in the case of president trump's former campaign manager. ow will this trial impac robert mueller's ongoing investigations? and, using children's lemonade stands to inease their financial litera. >> lemonade day! is the perfect way to introduce these concepts of managing money. >> yang: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs

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sumer cellular.e >> and with thgoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made poorible by the corporation public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> yang: from facebook today, word of a new campaign apparently aimed at influencing u.s. politics. the company said it's remov 32 accounts that appeared to be fake and coordinated, and could be connected to russia. the disclosure brought reactions from both the trump administration and congressional atmocrats. >> it's showing acebook is taking this very seriously, so they should be commended for what they did today. it also shows though, that the threat is very real, and americans need to knowhat. the russians, or whoever it is, in this case we haven't attributed it, but russians and other nation states are

absolutely attempting to manipulate us. >> the administration is not doing close to enoh. when donald trump can't make his mind up as to whether the russians are continuing tos attack 2018, that sends a signal to the whole federal government, well, maybe this isn't so important, en it is. >> yang: we'll get the full details on the facebook announcement, after the news summary. and in the day's other news, firefighters in northern california reported new progress against a pair of wildfires threatening about 10,000 homes. they're burning about 100 miles northwest of sacramento. anwhile, the huge carr fire near redding is now 30% contaid. it's been burning for a week, and has claimed six live and destroyed more than 880 homes. iran today all but dismissed president trump's offer to hold talks with president hassan rouhani. mr. trump said yesterday he's open to a meeting, with no preconditions, but the iranian foreign ministry said reinstating u.s. sanctions is no way to promote dialogue.

the head of the hard-line revolutionary guards went eve further, saying, "iran is not north korea, to accept your offer for a s eting." theridence that north korea is building more long- range missiles, as it talks with the united states abving up nuclear weapons. se "washington post" reports, new satellite imagw work at a facility near the capital, pyongyang. the same factory already produced missiles capable of reaching the u.s.ba in ze, the electoral commission says it needs moreno time to ce the results of monday's vote for president and the parliament. supporters of opposition leader nelson chamisa spent the day celebrating unofficial tallie s on social media that appeared to show him winning. they also accused the electoral commission of trying to aid enmerson mnangagwa, the cu president, by delaying the count. back in this country, federal imgration officials took heat at a senate judiciary hearing on separating migranfat lies.

the policy has now been abandoned, but more than 70e 0 children ht to be reunited with their parents. commander jonathan wf the u.s. public health service commissioned corps said hi agency warned against making the tfice of refugee resettlement and others enfor policy. >> we raised a number of concerns in the o.r.r.am about any policy whi would result in family separation, due to concerns we had about the best interest of the child, as well as whether that would be operationally supportable with the bed capacity that we have. >> you told the administration that kids would suffer as a result. thatain would be inflicted, correct? >> there's no question that separation of children from parententails significant potential for traumatic psychological injury to the child. >> yang: the hearing came amid reports of sexual and other abuse at migrantetention

facilities, going back to 2014. committee chair chuck grassley and ranking democrat dianne feinstein have asked for an investigation. nee trump administration is said to be considering tax break for the wealthy, by cutting taxes on capital gains. it's widely reported today that the proposal involves indexing profits from investments, for inflation. that move would lower the taxes paid. the reports say the president might bypass congress, and the treasury dt. implement the change by executive order. white house chief of staff john kelly iselling aides that he'll stay through the 2020 rnesidential election. the "wall street j" and others reported today that president trump asked kelly toan remainthat he agreed. the retired marine corps general has been in the post for one year, but rumors have swirled for months that mr. trump wanted to replace him. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained 108 points to close at 25,415. the nasdaq rose more than 41 points, and the s&p 500 added 13.

still to come on the newshour: president trump's former campaign manager on trial.un 3d-printed a reality that's also now legal. using lemonade stands to teach kids about finance. and, much more. >> yang: the midterm electionsar now fewer than 100 days away, and once again, there's a covert campaign underway to try to influence the voters on social media with misinformati and attempts to foster divisive messages on cultural issues. facebook disclosed today it removed a series of accounts and posts tied to that campaign. should note that the newshour works with facebook on some projects. yamiche alcindor has been looking into this, and joins me now.

so, yamiche, what did facebook say they did today? >> well, fake pages are leading tod real-action. that's why facebook took this really remarkable step to takes. down these pa they took down 32 fake accounts on both facebook d instagram. they also say that more than 290,0 accounts are being followed by at least one of those pages. they say 150 e ads wnnected to those fake accounts. it cost about $11,000 on facebook. so even though these 32 accounts might small like -- sound like small number, this is a big step. >> yang: what do we know about who is behind these fake accounts. led as you said, thi real actions. what real actions might have come? >> essentially this is about pushing on america on its weaknesses. it's all the things we art.gue ab many of these accounts were about race, about abolishing ice, immigration and customs enforcement. these are things that real-world democrats are pushing for. in this case there are sortme imt things i want to note. the first one is that their moso

followed fack accounts were black elevation, mindful being, and resistors. they were all pointing at people who were really interested in progressive actions. the other thing is some of these pas were up for loner than a year. because i pushed facebook today when they had their call,and i asked them, how long are you getting these pages? how long are they up there? how many people are exposed? and essentially thecould up there for as long as a year. >> woodruff: cherylg sandbur of facebook does say they're trying to combat these fake accounts and trying move as quickly as they can. what does today tell us about what is being done owhat others are trying to do to the u.s. voters in this 2018 election compared to say the 2016 election. wel first, russia is the number-one suspect here. facebook did not want to tk about who could have been behind these accounts, because they said there n't enough evince to point the finger at russia,

but they're working very closely with authorities to figure out really who is behind. this and i pressed facebook again on this idea of, well, how are you ing this? how do we know that this is going to essentially be resolved. and facebook said, look, we're doing the best we can. they're also piloting to this idea that there were a lot of different events that werece taking p while these pages were happen facebook says 30 events were created by these facebook accounts. that means there were people actually going to places because these people wanted them to go there. the other thing thhe's important, said they deactivated some of these event pages. no'rw that th talking to people, they're having to actually contact people and say, hey, tht rally that you signed up for was a fake account. so you're seeing these images and you're seeing something like the no unite to right image which is a rally that was going by be taking place. people are shocke the ideas that they aren't just fake accounts. they were talking the real people. >> yang: on capitol hill a

couple senators have said ther e han phishing attempts on their internet accounts. >> that's the number-o thing. when we look forward at what's going on with mid-terms, we2sg e both sheryl sandberg, the chief operating officer of facebook, saying this is something that's evolving. listen to what she had to say to a group of report estoday on the call. >> it's clear that whoever set muup these accounts went t entities than theo obscure their russian-based internet agency ira diin the ruup to the u.s. presidential election. curity is an arms race and it's never done. we've made it harder for unauthentic operators to operate on facebwek, bu face determined, well-funded adversaries who won't give up and who are constantly changing tactics. >> these are really evolving threats. the mid-terms are a real target here. as you mention, there were ready two democratic senators who have been targeted, claire mccaskill of missouri and jeanne shaheen.

these hackers are looking at these people and saying, i want to target this pinch because i know what their beliefs are. tomorrow there will be a arenate g about foreign influence on social media, so this is something that's definitely going to keep going on. >> yang: yamiche alcindor, thank you very much. >> thanks. >> yang: the bank and tax fraud trial of president trump's one-time campaign chairman got off to a quick start in federal court in alexandria, virginia today. william brangham was in the courtroom. >> brangham: paul manafort is the first of the defendants charged by special counsel robert mueller to go t while mueller's investigation focuses mostly on russia's attempts tmeddle in the presidential election, and whether the trump campaign colluded in that effort, this trial against manafort will laely focus on alleged financial crimes that happened before the election. manafort is accused of working

as an unregistered lobbyist for severapro-russian politicians in ukraine, people like former ukrainian president viktor yanukovych. prosecutors allege manafort undered the income from that work, some $30 million, using shell companies and offshore bank accounts in cyprus, the seychelles, and st. ncent and the grenadin to hide the fact that he was bringing that money into the u.s. to fund his own lavish lifestyle. and when that income stream slowed, prosecutors allege that manafort lied to banks get access to millions of dollars more in loans. he's up against five counts of filing false tax returns, foucor ts of not reporting foreign financial accounts, four counts, of bank frnd five counts of conspiracy to commit bank fraud. manafort has pled not guilty, and his lawyers have argued previously that these charges have no obvious conneceron to the mat the heart of mueller's investigation. still, the judge has let this case go forward, and on these charges alone, manafort could spend the rest of his life in

prison, if convicted. when the trump campaign brought manafort on board in 2016, itas was initially onvention manager. he was in charge of wrangling enough delegates so that candidate trump could lock up the nomination. but several months later, trump tapped him to lead the entire campaign, and at the convent manafort himself was emerging as a public face of trump's candidacy. >> we want people to know who donald trump is. >> reporter: manafort left the campaign when "new york times" detailedcr a , handwritten ledger which ukrainian investigators said showed $12.7 million in tundisclosed cash paymento manafort, from yanukovych'sy. political pa manafort denied that he ever received the payments. but then last octobee was dedicted and arrested in washington alongick gates, his long-time business partner, and depu on the trump campaign.

earlier this year, gates cut a deal wh mueller's te, pled guilty to a lesser set of charges, and agreed to cooperate with the scial counsel's investigation. he's expected to be a key witnesshi. fopart, president trump is now distancing himself from his former campaign chairman. but he still does defend him against mueller's investigation, which the president has repeatedly called a "witch nt."na rt was initially ordered to home confinement after his arrest, but thjudge presiding er his case in washington sent him to jail last month, after prosecutors found evidence manafort had been trying th o tamper wtential witnesses. manafort will remain in jail through at least the end of hisr l in virginia, which could last for roughly three weeks. john? >> yang: t did we learn from the opening stages about what the prosecution and what thefe e will present. >> the prosecution's case is as laid out in the indictment. they're basicallyha arguing manafort made tens of millions in ukraine and he didn't want t, pay so he hid that money. he stashed it in off-shore bank

unaccounts. heled it back to the u.s. secretly, not alerting thanks authorities, and he funded a very lavish lifeyle. one of the prosecutors said paul manafort put himself and his money above the w. that's what they've argued all along. they started to lay out that case today the defense, in their opening statement, said that paul manafort didn't willfully lie to the i.r.s. he didn't try to hide this money. they seem to be putting all of the blame on rick gates. ember, hes, as you r was paul manafort's partner and also the deputy campaign manager of the p campaign. he worked a lot with manafort over the years and worked with him in ukraine, and from the outset today, it seems that the prosecution is going to say rick gates is the one who set up these off-shore accounts. rick gates was the money guy. rick gates was in of this.of all paul manafort was too busy running a politicampl gn in ukraine, and he couldn't care about the details gog on back here. that seems to be the contours of the argument as they go forward.

>> yang: and we've already had our first witness. the prosecution witness, bernie sanders chief strategist in 2016, what is hisonnection to this case? >> that's right, ted devine is one of these guys that's beonen politicalltant for 25 years in washington. he's well-known for making terrific tv ads, political a for different campaigns. red manafort, when he was hi in ukraine to work for viktor yanukovich, asd devine to come over and to run ads and write some speeches and to help do polling and try to help cra yanukovych's message. today from what we got in the hour or so eofmination with the prosecution interrogated devine, they sically were trying to set up who was the boss,ing what kind of work you did, who controlled the money, what kind of work did you really do. it wasn't totally clear exactly what we were gettin from this testimony, but the brief contours of the kind of work that manafort and devine

did in ukraine. >> yang: william, how did this fit against paul manafor into the broader mueller investigation? >> well, that's a question that a lot of people are asking, because today the opening statements on both sides, russia never came um. me up.ion never the election never came up. president trump never came up. candidate trump never came upas. ou remember, mueller's mandate was to look at what role therussians might have played in messing around with our presidential electhens and wh or not the trump campaign colluded with that. part of the mandate that muell had, though, was that if he uncovered any crimes in the coinse of histigation, he could look into those, as well, and that's where this case fits in. one moment earlier in proceedings, the judge will ribbed the prosecutor and said, you don't really care about bank fraud or money laundering, you're just trying to squeeze paul manafort so he wl testi and give you information t ainst

presidump. the prosecutor said, no, that's not what's going on. but the judge did rule under mueller's mandate they do have the authority to go forward during this ca'. s unlikely if we'll hear too much more about that, but the case does go forward. >> woodruff: william brangham outside the federal kraus in alexandria, thank you very much. >> you're welcome john. >> yang: there's a n front in the fight over gun control: people making guns at home with 3d printers. a texas-based group called defense distributed is starting to post on the web plans for 3d-printed guns. critics say it opens up a w pandora's box t they call "ghost guns." they don't have serial numbers, they don't require a background check and they can slip through metal detectors.nc 3d printing was invented more than three decades ago,

it's been used to model nd create jewelry, figurines, event parts human body. in 2013, a gun rights enthusias and self-described anarchist named cody wilson posted online he designs for a 3d-printed functional plastdgun. this is an a.t.f. video showingi a 3ded gun malfunctioning. it's made entirely of plastic-- except for a metal firing pin-- and could easily pass throughl metectors. the state department moved to stop wilson, saying he was violating inteational agreements on arms trafficking. in 2015, wilson sued, saying his first amendment rights were violated. last month, the state department reversed itself, and said defense distributed could post the designs, starting tomorrow. but, the group put them up last week. since then, the information has been downloaded over 1,00ti0 s.

on the group's website, downloads are now available for a plasndgun called the liberator, as well as part of an ar-15, and a baretta m9 handgun. attorneys general from eight states and the distrf columbia filed a lawsuit on monday in a last-ditch effort to stop further release of the designs. pennsylvania aorney general josh shapiro went to court to temporarily block defense distributed's website within his ate. josh blackman, u.s. defense distrubuted's attorney: >> the attorney general of one state doesn't have the power to censor the speech and commerceit of aen in another state, especially when that commerce is licensed by the federal gornment. the u.s. constitution trumps their state laws, and federal law also trumps their state laws. >> yang: president trump jumped into the fray and seemed to be atdds with his own administration. "i am looking into 3d plasticns eing sold to the public. already spoke to n.r.a, doesn't seem to make much nse!" we asked josh blackman, the attorney for defense

distributed, to join us for a longer segment, but he was unable to join us tonight because of court proceedings. and the second amendment foundation, which has supporied posting 3ded gun information online, declined our intation. a short time ago, i spoke with pennsylvania attorney josh shapiro, just before a hearing in this se began in seattle. i began w by asking ht his isgument was against what defense distributeoing. >> these undedeckable guns can get in the hands of criminals and terrorist. they can g in the handsf children and others who aren't legally permitted to buy a gun in the commonwealth of pennsylvania or in states all across our country. you know, we have gun laws on the books. it's my jobs the chief law enforcement officer of the commonwealth of pennsylvania to enforce those laws on the books. so if a criminal can't go to a store and buy a gun, he sure as

heck shouldn't be able to go home and rint one. that's why we've gone to court the try and stop these 3d printed guns from being able to come online in pnsylvan or across the country. >> yang: in the casof pennsylvania, you have a temporary block. they're blocking any i.p. address fromfr pennsylvani reaching this website. what's the next step in this, ca your case in pennsylvania? >> that's right. we went to a federal judge on an emergency basis on sunday, just a couple days ago, and we sought this blocking of the code tsto makeay to pennsylvania. we do have that block in place. now, look, i'll be first to admit, that's not ideal. the internet doesn't stop at state boundarie t it is a first step. we're also fighting it out in court out in seattle, and overall our efforts here in pennsylvania, in seattle and across this country is to put an injunction in place to block

e is code from making its way out on thternet and allowing criminals and others who shouldn't be able to possess a gun to be able tod downl one. >> yang: cody wilson, the man behind this, says he's merely exercising his free speech rights under the first andment what do you say to that? >> i'd say that's a laughable we have laws in place in the commonwealth of pennsylvania ahat say if you want to buy gun, you have to go through background check. you have to be of a certain age. just twofo examples hat our laws are. why should someone who would fail our standards here in pennsylvania, whwouldn't alify to be able to buy a gun, be able to simply download one and print it out with this same printer that exists in thech philadelphia sool district that the school district bought for $140. that's simply nonsensical. it doesn't make sense. and it is a public safety risk o forward.w this to g >> some time ago congress passed the undetected firearms act, making it illegal to own a gun

made entirely of plastic. why wouldn't this fall under that law? >> well, you would have to ask the members of congress. i know they'r scurryi about introducing bills, this and that. i frankly can't pay much md to what they're doing. i hope ultimately they are able to get laws in place tstop this. but i can't wait on congress. that's why i went in the court on an emergency basis to try to stop this from ever making its way out into thite command to be able to allow people to kind of mass produce these dangerous weapons and do so not in accordance with state law and put people's lives at risk. >> yang: this threatr this possibility of printing a gun with a 3d printer has been around since 2013. should something have been done in the legislature, in e pennsylvania state legislature before this if you wanted tsto it?v >> yes. something should have been done in the state leslature heren

pennsylvania, in other state legislature, and rtainly in congress to stop it. but i can't wait onawmakers to act. that's why we went into court to act now to protect pupeople's ic safety. i mean, if you think about this, right, we have laws on the books to prevent criminals, prevent terrorists from being able to get guns. we have procedures in place to be able tont people from walking on an airplane with gu. well, if this code is allowed to be put online, and people are able to download it with ease in a real mainstream way, ich is what this person in texas is trying to do, it will make a mockery of all of our laws. it wilral liy put lives at risk. it will empower criminals and terrorists and others who shouldn't have guns. that isbsolutely unacceptable. and as the attorney general of pennsylvania, i'm standing up to fight that.

>> yang: the settlement with the statement said he would post this on august 1st. he dd it on friday should there be some sanction punishment? >> there should be. he can't really deliver that code to a compuer with a pennsylvania i.p. address. he can't post new stuff online to people here in pennsylvania. certainly we want that broadened out across thd,e bocross the country. and i have to say, just in terms of the state department, the u.s.en state deparallowing this to go forward, it is really remarkle. it's shocking. what's even more shocking is that earlier trump tweeted that he was looking into this, as though he was some innocent bystanr in all of. this it was his administration that allowed this to go forward in the first place, and his response, that i called the n.r.a. to talk to them about it? i mean, that's insane. what the president should be doing is calling law enforcement

leaders, people i his federal government and across the country who are on the front lines like i am every day dealing with gun violence in our communities, trying to enforce the laws of our state. those are the people he should be reaching out to, not the n..a. >> yang: josh shapiroto, ey general of the united states, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> yang: stay with us. r:coming up on the newshou does congressional gridlock mean that more power should be given to local goverents? "the monarchy of fear," a new title on the newshour bookshelf. lemonade stands evoke nostalgicf visionids handing out paper cups in front of their house on a hot summer day. but now, non-profits like lemonade day! are using these trites of childhood to tro nurture budding business skills and entrepreneurial thinking. special correspondentha cardoza, from our partner "education week," visited

indianapolis, indiana,y that enthusiastically embraces national lemonade day! it's part of our weekly education segment, "making the grade." >> lemonade! come get it! lemonade! ice cool! >> reporter: a big smile, a loud voice and lots of colorful posters. that'sow flannery partain plans to attract cusmers. she's just eight, but knows exactly what she wants.to >> i wane the boss! >> reporter: and what better way to kickstart that ambition than though that american summertime symbol of entrepreneurship, the e,monade stand? >> lemonade, lemonce cold lemonade. >> reporter: flannery's just learned her first businesst, conche importance of a catchy name. >> at first, i was like, d'our lemon," but then my like "no, no, no, no, no, no." and so, he was like "how about sweet lemon?" i'm like "yeah, that could work, too." >> i was thinking we could na it lemon squeeze? >> lemonade squeeze?

that is the best name i've ever heard! you guys like that me? this is so important because our education system doesn't teach this kind of thing. >> reporter: that's muimillionaire entrepreneur scott jones. he developed the technology we commonly use in voicemail. >> when i was a kid, i not only did the lemonade stand, because once i had the bug of entrepreneurship, i had haunted houses, i had putt-putt courses, i would make christmas decorations. once you start, it keeps on going. >> reporter: jones wants kids to get bitten by that same bug, so he founded lemonade day! in indianapolis nine years ago. and he's backethat effort with a million dollars that helps pay for startup money, city permits and free workshops.ta >> i have oo: "do." that's what life is fome, and i've taught that to my children. the willingnes gs up off the couch or away from the video game and actually do that idea.

>> reporter: this is selling lemonade, version 2.0, because even before they've made a single sale, kids have had to go through a curricum with an adult where they learn to make a business plan, calculate costs and learn key concepts... >> profit. teamwork. economy. d if they tell you no, jt say have a nice day. >> reporter: for $3, blue raspberry lemonade. -year-old jemma walker is the queen of elaborate lemonade stands. ways has a red carpet. >> we want everyone to feel like v.i.p.s when they come to the lemonade stand. >> hello, would you like to support the lemonade stand? we accept credit cards! yes, we do! >> reporter: her brother miller is part of her marketing plan. >> my role is to help get customers to come and buy some lemonade. and also to look adorable>>! eporter: her parents,

sherrean and luke walker say the lemonade stand has taught jemma life skills. >> it's a real-world applicability of all those skills. >> they are eing all of those connectionbetween what you like to do and what can make you successful.or >> rr: so far, 75,000 kids have participated in this free program in indianapolis one.! >> $430.08 yes! >> my best bit of busiss advice would probably be, have fun with it! >> reporter: it's fun, but is also a serious effort to develop a "pipeline" of future entrepreneurs. schools nurture kids who are academically gifted, who areic athlly gifted, who are artistically gifted. you think we should encourage kids who are entrepreneurially gifted? >> absolutely.

and lemonade day! is the perfect way to introduce these concepts of managing money. because, how often in school are they being asked to learn and exercise selling skills, marketing skills, social skills, ychological skills, righ it just isn't done that much. you learn it all when you do a lenade stand. >> reporter: it also fosters a sense of community. ten-year-old c.j. was the last year's lemonade entrepreneur of indianapolis. what's this? >> it's the m.v.p.s for asthma, so it's to help asthma, because i do have asthma. >> reporter: all the kids follow the program's spend, save and share motto. >> you have standard lemonade, you ha blueberry lemonade. >> reporter: for c. harris, the customer is king. well, most of the time.>> water is better for you than any of this stuff.on >> no, lemade is better. i do not agree with you. >> reporter: a lemonade day! study found children who took part in this program are more likely to "plan to start their

mown business" and ae confident they can find "lots of ways around any problem." they also believe they'll"ng invent somethi that will change the world." flannery has set her sigh a little lower. she wants to buy art supplies and glitter glue. and with a steady stream of customers, including a drive- through, she's well on her way. for the pbs newshour anded ation week, i'm kavitha cardoza in indianapolis, indiana. >> yang: and if you want to help your own child with a lemonade stand, go to our website, wherea a ial planner gives her advice for best practices. www.pbs.org/newshour. >> yang: now, how blowback to a "new york times" column on localism led to a conversation on race with two newshour regulars. judy woodruff recorded the

discussion earlier this week. on friday david brooks wrote a column for the "new york times" arguingis time for a fundamental even revolutionary shift to a resurgence of localism, flipping power and decision making on its head, directing it to people in neighborhoods and towns and away from the federal government. his lumn drew a sharp, critical response from someone who is a familiar face to the wshour, so we thought we would invite both of them here the talk about it, d here they are. i'm joined by david brooks of "the new york times," who you normally see here on fridays, and sherrilyn ifill, who is the president and director council of the naacp legal defense and educatelnal fund. weme both of you to the program.

so david, revolutionary idea, turn power on its head. why? >> first of all, it wasn't that sharp of a response. you know, a couple months go i started something called weave: a social fabric project. our job is to find people who community service and change the culture around them. spend half my dayalking to national politicians who are getting nothing done and just locked in is meia circus and abstract ideological warfare. i spend the other half of my ti with local cities and towns, with local organizations. they're all happy anlfd led because they're getting something done. and you know, 6% of americans think their own locality is doing well, and only 18% trust the federal government. so it ocrred to it's not only the local power, but it's a different kind of power. it's not abstract. h 's not ideological. it's mucmore pragmatic. it's money more personal. tod it's much more tangible. and it seem me in an age

where nothing is getting done in washingtonit's a better kin of power being wielded at a local level. so it's just saying, let's do that, let's move that down. >> woodruff: you think it could work practically? >> it might not for everything, not national defense, for schools, even immigration. immigration is a tough issue. some people really love immigration. mmigrantso welcome into our communities. some people don't like it. they don't thk versity... they think diversity is a negative thing. you could ha an immigration system, the first step, they have to have a community sponsor. some cities could say, come to us, we want you. some citie come us to.no, don't that at least would diffuse some of what has become this bitterly divisive issue littleand different communities could solve even on an issue like immigration, which is pretty national, they could sort of lean toward their own best method. s> woodruff: sherrilyn ifill, your reaction whoa, hold

up. >> because i also think it's important for local communities to find and feel and exercise their own power. it's critically important, particularly at this moment for the communities that i remember around civil rigs issues, because the federal government is so hostile to civil rights issue but to say this without recognizing that local forces are not always as benign or as integrated as the way davibed descriin the piece i think fails to take account of the elephant that sits in the middle of the rom whenever we talk about politics anddive inun athiss race. the history of this country demonstrates thaty actua racial politics has been fought most passionately at the local level. and most divisively at the local level, and sometimes most dangerously at the local level. if we tnk about the watershed moment of brown versus board of education, what the court said is, "local voices have to control the process." they should proceed with all deliberate speed, taking account of local conditions. and we all know what happened.

massive resistance happened. it actually opened the door for localities to resist the federal imprimatur that came from the brown decision. >> woodruff: but yoreally saying you can't look at government without looking at race. >> you can't. it's th elephantsitting in the middle of the room. it makes people act against their own interests. so even when you, athat everyone should be on board with, you find these blockages happening, because of the issue of race and because we're so unresolved around race some what it seeens to me can ha is that local communities, if we celebrate, this if we romanticize it without t pragmatism about the role of race in local politics, it's that we'riae esselly leaving african american and other minority communities disempowered. f: david? >> my first reaction was good point. that's why some people speak of what they call constitutnal localism we emphasize some parts of power at the local level, but you maka it very that the constitution and constitutional

protections and civil rights are still mai fained at teral level. the second thought i had was, and i wanted to ask you aibout in the brown era in the '50s and '60s. it was very clear the national&l ci rights than states, especially in the south. what's happened since is our national political alignments noth overlap ur racial positions. so it seems to me ow it's as much and maybe more national poticians who are whipping up racial animosities for their own political gains, and i can... i can't think of a governor, for example, who is as racially divisive as donald trump is, and it could be that -- >> the ,maine govern lepage? >> i don't want to go page by page, but iteems to me in general donald trump is the center of whipping up racialhi animosity in country, and the federal government is no longer as benign i guess is the word i want to use, no longer has the advantage over sgotate rnments that it used to

have? >> woodruff: what about that? i think this is important because the role that you talk about, the history of the federal government playing this role and now it being kind of flipped on its head is not really one about feelings and choice. it's actually constitutionally compelled. people talk about our first amendment rights an our amendment rights. our 14th amendment rights is that it is the role of the federal government.xt and to thet the federal government through donald trump is choosing to abdicate that responsibility, wham suggesting is it would be very nice to say, you know, we're going to put i our m&rbles and just go to the local. i think for some things we can do that, but for many things that go to the core of civil rights, we cannot. we talk about community policing and the importance of th relationship between communities and law enforcement. but the recognition that deep and substantive and structural racial problems in police departments require the intervention of the fe government. that's what we have seen since ferguson. seen in baltimore. wveat what we're seeing ine' wchicaghao.t it was the federal government,

because the locality would never have addressed what was and is this very serious problem of police violence against unarmed african americans some when you have attorney general inff sessions s we will no longer in the department of justice investigate patterns and practices otif unconstial policing, to say we're going to return it to the local, it's not going to happeat the local level. >> that's why the emphasis on the constitution is something we both agree on. but i guess at i would say first that jeff sessions is not an accident. he could and the policies that are now not coming out of washington could be a peanent part of our national government just because of the way politics is now racially aligned. and it seems to me a lot of our big problems having o with segregation and other things and all the racial animosities do not have primariic a polal solution. they have a communal and sociological solution. >> woodruff: is there a middle ground here where youcan see, david, doing some of the things you're talking about but respecting the things that sherrilyn wants?

>> there is patchwork. there are things that have to be mne on the national level, but you know, one of the things i'm hearina lot of resentment which is racial and economic and comes out in every day is lonelinessio isol, distrust and that core sense that i have n'mo friends, lobely, i distrust my institutions, i distrust the people around me. that sense is a sociological sense. that is what really inflames racial resentment, us-them thinking, zero sum. to me at the bottom it's racism panded and exaggerated by this sense of distrust and alienation. that's a social problem as much ci a political problem, and it only has a solution. >> yeah, but i think the animating feature of racism is for white people, the fear of being displaced, the fear th this is a zero sum gain, the fear of getting mine, and also the stoking,s and ts what's most stoking that's coming from the national, is the otherringop of black and the idea that black people are somehow

not fully human. this is really not about one's interral loneliness and angst. this is a true and very serious sociological force in the u.s. and always has been, and it is being expanded in ways that i find quite frightening. so i do tt nk thathere are places and instances where local power is animpo and in political talk, we spend too much time talking about the national and not enough aboe ut cal. what i want to do is pump the breaks on the idea that we c romanticize the local without first overlaying rice and recognizing the way in which race makes all of which wod the logical conclusions not happen. they don't happen because of a raci the history of this country is we have required the intervex of the fernral gont. first we went to the post-civil war reordering to ensure the protehtion of the rof racial minorities to be full citizens. >> woodruff: whether it's a quilt or a mosaic or something else... >> you can't leave it out. >> woodruff: it's the

beginning of a really important conversation. david brooks, thank you for bringing that up. sherrilyn, thank youngor enga we'll come back to this. thank you both. >> thank you, judy. >> yang: you can find all of the stories in ourrace matters" series on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. >> yang: now, jeffrey brown has the latest entry on the ewshour bookshelf." >> martha nussbaum teachesed at the law school and the dependent of philosophy. after numerous books examinpg aspects ofitical and everyday life, the latest is "the monarchy of fear" it was written to better understand the election of 2016 one insight, the political is always emotional. that's something you havefo

written aboua long time. explain your terms. what does emotional mean? what does fear mean? >> well, okay. emions are not just joalgts of electricity but they involve thoughts abniout what's hap to us, what's good and bad. and fear connects us to the bad. it's the thought that theris terrible, bad stuff out there and we're not entirely in controof warding it off. fear is something philosophies have talked about ever since the greeks. it's always been thought to be a e rrible problem for democracy. >> brown: youonnecting it to now. the subtitle: a ph looks at our political crisis. that's the next term i want you to define "political crisis." what do you see? >> i see people are being stampeded by their emotions and they're not stopping to figure things out and the work on the real problems. and what happens when fear getso into the rks is it sort of is a grain of saturday that gets into the whole mechanism and makes us in off and target

things that are not real. so we get frightened and then we think, oh, the problem is really the immigrants, or, you know, it's on the left, too, so the problem is really the elite instead of thinking, what are the actual problems and what can b do to fix them. so i wrote the boause i feel that way, too, frankly. brown: where does emotion and fear come into what makes sense or what's rational, because specifically with this election, which iswhere you started, there's been a lot of analysis. some people are saying those who supported donald trump felte an over their economic status or there was a recent study at said a more general future fear over losing status. >> right. >> in the country. >> yes. i think that secd one is particularly true. >> it's not that fears aren't

rational. it's rational to fear death or harm to your family. we have to ask ourselves before we get stamped and run off in wome direction, we have to ask, what de really have reason to fear? roosevelt once said we have nothing to fear but fear itself. i think that was not very precise, because in that era, we had tremendous things that it was reasonable to fear, naziism, economic unrest and so on. so better i think was presidentb a when he said, democracy may buckle if wegive way to fear. e not's the giving way, th pausing to examine it and sort it out. describe so you yourself as a liberal social democrat, right? >> right. >> you're very open in the book in talking about your own position of privilege growing up and being a professor. so when you're looking again at what to make this more as enncrete as possible, donald trump can be as a rational response. >> well, i think the trouble is

that hes a master of manipulating fear. and taking people who are right to be upset about their economic siation or their status but then spinning them off into saying, oh, e problem is immigrants or the infestation of our boarders. so in the book i actually contrast him witheorge w. bush, who after 9/11, he saw that there was a real danger their people would get stampeded by fear and go out and attack muslims. he carefully said, look, what are dealing with here are criminals and we don't want to demonihe the entirety of religion or a people. and he even created aen archiv of all his statements about islam and muslims to show that he had been trying to calm people down and get them to fear the right things, namely criminals. >> uh-huh. you said at the beginning this goes back, the work you'v to the greeks. >> right. >> yang: is it always? the does it ebb and flow?

what point are you making about r particularoments? >> well, i think it ebbs and flows, but it was known to the greeks very well, but fear was an emotion that wasic paarly susceptible to demagogic manipulation. they were very worried out that. the historians, they talked about how the athenians voted to put to death a whole bunch of rebellious colonies because the demagowhipped them up into a state of fear. someone else went through the analysis and they decided that was stupid. they set out another boat to catch the first at. it was only because the first boat was calm that they diho't kill a bunch of people some it's always been a problem. i think it probably was at its height recently during the great pression and then there was a kind of ebb back, but now it's -- the changes we see around us are globalization.

these are really difficult problems, so we haveto sort them out. >> brown: so you're talking about the fears trump voters would have. what fears do you see among people on your de. >> isee my students have this terrible sense that it's lie th last days of civilization and that we must be terrifd that this is unprecedented and, you know, they don't even want to talk to students who might have voted for trthp. they think they must be monsters. and i think it's really bad. it's half of theundergram watts in my university, if they represent the ectorate, and it's terrible to say, i'm just not going to talk to anyone who voted for trump. i think there is this fear that democracy is explodior imploding, and instead ofin taand sitting down and trying to figure out how we can get together and solve this problem, they just turn away and 're stampeded by fear.

>> brown: all right. the new obook is "the monarchfar fe" a philosopher looks at our political crisis. martha nussbaum, thank you very much. >> thank you verymuch. >> yang: later this evening pbs, "frontline" explores the country's immigration policies. he"separated: children at border" examines immigration policy during both the obama and trump administrations, vestigates the origins of the "zero tolerance" policy and counts the journeys of children separated from their rents. >> reporter: i traveled to el salvador, central america, to visit a father who had been separated from his six-year-old child after crossing into the u.s. illegally. i found him in a tiny village

three hours outside the capitalh been one month since he had seen his daughter. he was calling a shelter in arizona where she was being held. >> hello. >> reporter: what would you like to say to her right now? >> yang: "frontline" airs tonight on most pbs stations. and a news update before we go: mexican officials say a

commercial plane has c near an airport in the northern state of durango, injuring 80 people. the state's governor says all1 ople onboard have survived. at least two are critical. mexican tv showed images of smoke rising from the aeromexico jet. it crashed in a nearby field shortly after takeoff. and that's the newshour for tonight.to rrow, "off the grid." residents of the navajo nation in the southwest struggle to get a steady supply of ecity. i'm john yang. join us online, and again here tomorrow night, when judy's back. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and see you soon. ng >> major fundi for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> consumer cellular. >> financial services rm ymond james. >> leidos. babbel. a language app that teaches

real-life conversations in a new language. >> the ford foundation. trking with visionaries o frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic emengagement, and the advat of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.it >> andthe ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for blic broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

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election 2016 on pbs - one. - what's wrong with my running for president of this country? - i most resent, vice president bush, yoronizing attitude that you have to teach me about foreign policy. - ahh! - i'm doing this. because i love you - tomorrow night my name will go on nomination for presidency. - i will beat al gore like a drum. au [cheers and apse] - i want my country ck. [cheers and applause] - mr. presiden you were elected to lead. you chose to follow. d now it's time for you to . female announcer: "the contenders: 16 for '16" is made possible in part by the ford foundation,