captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> yang: good evening. i'm john yang. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight: with the midterm elections lessy than 100 ds away, facebook detects dozens of fake accounts, and detes the bad actors. then, opening statemen o in the casef president trump's former campaign manager. how will this trial impact robert mueller's ongoing and, using children's lemonade stands to increase their financial literacy. >> lemonade day! is the per way to introduce these concepts of managing money. >> yang: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:

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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> yang: fm facebook today, word of a new campaign apparently aimed at influencing u.s. politics. the company said it's removed 32 accounts that appeared to be fake and coordinated, and cold be connected to russia. the disclosure brought reactions from both the trump administration and congressional democrats. >> it's showing that facebook is taking this very seriously, so they shoulbe commended f what they did today. it also shows though, s at the threatry real, and americans need to know that.ns the russia, or whoever it is, in this case we haven't attributed it, but russians and other nation s absolutely attempting to manipulate us.

>> the administration s not doing close to enough. when donald trump can't make his mind up as to whether the russians are continuing to attack uin 2018, that sends a signal to the whole federal government, well, maybe this isn't so important, when it is. >> yang: we'll get the full details on the facebook announcement, after th summary.'s and in the dther news, firefighters in northern california reported new progress against a pair of wildfires threatening about 10,000 homes. they're burning about 100 miles northwest of sacramento. meanwhile, the huge carr fire near redding is now 30% contained. it's been burning for a week, and has claimed six lives and destroyed more than 880 homes. iran today all but dismissed president trump's offer to h talks with president hassan rouhani. mr. trump said yesterday he's open to a meeting, with no preconditions, but the iranian foreign ministry said reinstating u.s. sanctions is no way to promote dialogue. the head of the hard-line

revolutionary guards went einn further, s "iran is not north korea, to accept your offer for a meeting." there's evidence that north korea is building morare long- e missiles, as it talks with the united states about giving up nuclear weapons. the "washington post" reports, new satellite imageshow work at a facility near the capital, pyongyang. the same factory already produced missiles capable of reaching the u.s. in zimbwe, the electoral commission says it needs more time to anunce the results of monday's vote for president and the parliament. pporters of opposition leader nelson chamisa spent the day celebrating unofficial tallies on social media that appeared to show him winning. they also accused the electoral dcommission of trying to emmerson mnangagwa, the current president, by delaying the , unt. back in this countderal immigration officials took heat at a senate judiciary hearing on separating migrant families. the policy has now beend, abandout more than 700

children have yet to be reunited with their parents. commander jonathan white of the u.s. public health service commissioned corps said his agency warned against making the office of refugee resettlement and others enforce the policy. >> we raised a number of concerns in the o.r.r. program about any policy which would dsult in family separatioe to concerns we had about the i beerest of the child, as well as whether that would be operationally supportable with e.e bed capacity that we hav >> you told the administration that kids would suffer as a result. that pain would be inflicted, correct? >> there's no question that separation of children from parents entails significant urtential for traumatic psychological ito the child. >> yang: the hearing came amid reports of sexual and other abuse at migrant detention facilities, going back to 2014. committee chair chuck grassley

edd ranking democrat dianne feinstein have aor an investigation. the trump administration is said to be considering a ne tax break for the wealthy, by cutting taxes on capital gains. 's widely reported today that the proposal involves indexing profits from investments, for inflation. that move would lower the taxes paid. the e reports say esident might bypass congress, and the treasury dept. implement the change by executive order. white house chief of staff john kelly is telling aides that he'll stay through the 2020 presidential election. the "wall street jou ral" and otheorted today that president trump asked kelly to remain, d that he agreed. the retired marine corps general has been in the post for one year, but rumors have swirledt for months tr. trump wanted to replace him. and, on wall street, the dow jones industrial average gained 108 points to close at 25,415. the nasdaq rose more tha 41 points, and the s&p 500 added 13.

still to come on the newshour: president trump's former campaign manager on trial. 3d-printed gun a reality that's also now legal. using lemonade stands to teach kids about finance. and, much more. >> yang: the midterm elections arnow fewer than 100 days away, and once again, there's a covert campaign undeo try to influence the voters on social media with misinformation and attempts to foster divisiver messages on cu issues. facebook disclosed today it removed a series of accounts and posts tied to that campaign. ho should note that the neur works with facebook on some projects. yamiche alcindor has been looking into this, and joins me now. w so, yamicht did facebook say they did today?

>> well, fake pages are leading to real-world action. that's why facebook took this rearly rble step to take down these pages. they took down 32 fake accounts on both facebook and instagram. they also say that more than 290,000 accounts are being followed by at least one of those pages. they say 150 ads were connected to those fake accounts. it cost about $11,000 on facebook. so even though these 32 accounts might small like -- sound like small number, this is a big step. >> yang: nwhat do we k about who is behind these fake accounts. and as you said, this led to real actions. what real actions might have come? > essentially this is about pushing on america on its weaknesses. it's all the things we argue about. many of these accounts were about race, about abolishing ice, immigration and customs enforcement. these are things that real-world democrats are pushing for.se in this c there are some important things i want to note. the first one is that the most followed facebook accounts were

black evation, mindful being, and resistors. they were all pointing at people who were really interested in progressive actions. the other thing is so of these pages were up for longer than a year. because i pushed facebook to tdy why had their call, and i asked them, how long are you getting these phoages? long are they up there? how many people are exposed? and essentially they could be up there for as long as a year. >> woodruff: cheryl sandburof acebook does say they're trying to combat these fake accounts and trying move as quickly as they can. what does today tell us ab what is being done or what others are trying to do to the v u.ers in this 2018 election compared to say the 2016 election. >> welsil, first, ruis the number-one suspect here. facebook did not want tokal about who could have been behind these accounts, because they said there isn't enough evide to point the finger at russia, but they're working very closelt with auths to figure out

really who is behind. this and i pressed facebookis again on idea of, well, how are you doing this? how do we know that this is going to essentially be resolved. and facebook said, look, we're doing the best we can. they're also pilotingthis idea that there were a lot of different events that were taking pla while these pages were happening. facebook says 30 ents were created by these facebook accounts. that means there were people actuallyoing to places because these people wanted them to go there. the other thing that's important, the said they deactivated some of these event pages. now that they're talking to plople, they're having to actually contact pand say, hey, that rally that you signed up for was afake account. so you're seeing these images and you're seeing something like the no unite to right image which is a rally that was going to be taking place. people are shocked by the ideas that they aren'tjut fake accounts. they were talking the real people. >> yang: on capil hill a couple senators have said there have been phishing attempts on

their internet accounts. >> that's the number-one thloin. when wk forward at what's going on with mid-terms, we2sg e both sheryl sandberg, the chief operating officer of facebook, saying this is something that's evolving. listen to what she had to say to a group call.rt estoday on the >> it's clear that whoever set up these accounts went to much entities than theo obscure their russian-based internet agency ira did in the run up to the u.s. presidential election. security is an arms race and it's never done. we've made it harder for unauthentic ors to operate on facebook, but we face determined, well-fundeved aries who won't give up and who are constantly changing tactics. >> thesey are rea evolving threats. the mid-terms are a real target here. you mention, there were already two democratic senators who have been targed, claire mccaskill of missouri an jeanne shaheen. these hackers are looking at these people and saying, i want

to target this pinch because i know what their beliefs are. tomorrow there will be a senate hearing about foreign influence on social media,o this is something that's definitely going to keep going on. >> yang: yamiche alcindor, thank you very much. >> thanks. t >> yan bank and tax fraud trial of president trump's one-time campaign chairman got off to a quick start in federal court in alexandria,nia today. william brangham was in the courtroom. >> brangham: paul manafort is the first of the defendants charged by special coul robert mueller to go to trial. ruile mueller's investigation focuses mostly oia's attempts to meddle in the presidential election, and whether the trump campaign colluded in that effort, this trial against manafort will largely focus on alleged financial imes that happened before the election. manafort is accused of working as an unregistered lobbyist for several pro-russian politicians

in ukraine, people like former ukrainian president viktor yanukovych. prosecutors allege manafort laundered the income from that work, some $30 million, using shl companies and offshore bank accounts in cyprus, the seychelles, and st. vincent and the grenadines to hide the fact that he was bringing that money into the u.s. to fund his own .avish lifestyle and when that income stream slowed, prosecutors allege that manafort lied to banks, get access to millions of dollars more in loans.ai he's up t five counts of filing false tax returns, four igunts of not reporting fo financial accounts, four counts of bank frau and five counts of conspiracy to commit bank fraud. manafort has pled not guiltyd , ans lawyers have argued previously that these charges have no obvious connection to the matter at the heart of mueller's investigation. still, the judge h let this case go forward, and on these charges alone, manafort could spend the rest of his life in prison, if convicted. t when tmp campaign brought

manafort on board in 2016, it was initially as convention manager. he was in charge of wrangling enough delegates that candidate trump could lock up the nomination. but several months later, trump irtapped him to lead the e campaign, and at the convention, manafort himself was emerging as a public face of trumcap's idacy. >> we want people to know who donald trump is. >> reporter: manafort left the campaign whenor "new yk times" detailed a secrh, handwritten ledger whi ukrainian investigators said showed $12.7 million in ondisclosed cash payments t manafort, from yanukovych's political party. manafort denied that he ev er received the payments. but then last october, h indicted and arrested in washington alongside rick gates ng-time business partner, and deputy on the trump campaign. earlier this yea gates cut a

deal with mueller's team, pled guilty to a lesser set of raarges, and agreed to coote with the special counsel's investigation. ye's expected to be a ke witness. for his part, president trump is now distancing himself from hisr foampaign chairman. but he still does defend himum againsler's investigation, which the president has repeatedly called a "witch nt." manart was initially ordered to home confinement after his arrest, but the judge presiding seer his case in washingto him to jail last month, after prosecutors found evidence manafort had been trying to tamper with potential witnesses. manafort will remain in jail through at least the end of his trial in virginia, which could last for roughly three wee. john? >> yang: wha lt did wern from the opening stages about what the prosecution and what the defee will present. the prosecution's case is as laid out in the indictment. they're basically arguing tha manafort made tens of millions in ukraine and he didn't want to pay tax, so he hid that money. he stashed it in off-shore bank accounts. ti funneled it back to the u.s.

secretly, not al thanks authorities, and he funded a very lavish lifestyle. one of the prosecutors said paul manafort put himself and his money above the la'sw. thhat they've argued all along. they started to lay out that case today. the defense, itheir opening statement, said that paul manafort didn't willfully lie to the i.r.s. he didn't try to hide this money. they seem to be putting all of the blame on rickates. rick gates, as you remember, he was paul manafort's partner an also the deputy campaign manager of the trump campaign. he worked a lot with manafort t ov years and worked with him in ukraine, and from the outset today, it seems that the prosecution is going to say ric gates is the one who set up these off-shore accounts. rick gates was the money guy. rick gates was in control of all of this. paul manafort was too bus running a political campaign in ukraine, and hcouldn't care about the details going on back here. that seems to be the contours ef gument as they go forward. >> yang: and we've already h our first witness.

the prosecution witness, bernie sanders chief strategist in 2016, what is his connection to this case? >> that's right, ted devine iths one oe guys that's been political consultant for 25 years in washington. he's well-known for making terrific tv ads, political a for different caaigns. and manafort, when he was hired in ukraine to work for viktor yanukovich, asked devine to come over and to run ads and write some speeches and to help do polling and try to help craft yanukovych's message. today from what we got in thure r so of examination withth prosecution interrogated devine, they basically were trying to set up who was the bo,ing what kind of wk you did, who controlled the money, what kind of workd you really do. so it wasn't totally clear exactly what we were getting from this testimony, but the brief contours of the kind of work that manafort and devine did in ukraine. >> yang: d lliam, how diis case against paul manafort fit

into the broader mueller investigation? >> well, that's a question that a lot of people are asking, because today in the opening statements on both sides, amrusa neverum. collusion never came up. the election never came upmp president t never came up. candidate trump never came up. as you remember, mueller's mandate was tk l at what role the russians might have played in messing arou with our presidential elections and whether or not the trump campaign colluded with at. part of the mandate that mueller had, though, was that if hed uncoveny crimes in the course of his investigation, he hould look into those, as well, and that's whereis case fits in. one moment earlier in proceedings, the judge will ribbed the prosecutor and said, you don't really care about bank fraud or money laundering, you're just trying to squeeze paul manafort so he will testify and give you information against president trump. the prosecutor said, no, that's

ng on.at's g but the judge did rule under mueller's mandate they do have the authoritto go forwa during this case. it's unlikely if we'll hear too much more about that, but the case does go forward >> woodruff: william brangham outside the federal kraus in alexandria, thank you very much. >> you're welcome john. >> yang: there's a new front in the fight over gun control: people makinguns at home with 3d printers. a texas-based group called defense distributeds starting to post on the web plans for 3d-printed guns. critics say it opens up a pandora's box of what they call "ghost guns." they don't have serial numbers, they don't require a background check and they can slip through metal detectors. since 3d printing was invented more than three decades ago, it's been used to model andew

create jelry, figurines, even parts of the human body. in 2013, a gun rights enthusiast and self-described anarchist named cody wilson posted online the designs for a 3d-printed functional plastic hdgun. this is an a.t.f. video showing a 3d-pnted gun malfunctioning. it's made entirely of plastic-- except for a metal firing pin-- and could easily pass through metal detectors. the state department moved to stop wilso saying he was violating international agreements on arms trafficking. in 2015, wilson sued, saying his rst amendment rights wer violated. last month, the state department reversed itself, and saide defensstributed could post the designs, starting tomorrow. but, the group put them up last week. since then, the information hase downloaded over 1,000 times. on the group's website , downloads are now available for

a plastic hagun called the liberator, as well as part of a ar-15, and a baretta m9 handgun. attorneys general from eight states and the district f columbia filed a lawsuit on monday in a last-ditch effort to stther release of the designs. pennsylvania attorney general josh shapiro went to court to temporarily block defense distributed's website within his state. josh blackman, u.s. defense distrubuted's attorney: >> the attorney general of one state doesn't have the power censor the speech and commerce of a citizen in another state, especially when that commerce ie licensed by thderal government. the u.s. constitution trumps their state lawsand federal law also trumps their state laws. >> yang: president trump jumped into the fray and seemed to be at odds with his own administration. "i am looking into 3d plastic guns being sold to the public. already spoke to n.r.a, doesn't seem to make much sense!" we asked josh blacan, the attorney for defense tistributed, to join us for a

longer segment, e was unable to join us tonight because of court proceedings. and the second amendment foundation, which has supported posting 3d-printed gun information online, declined our invitation. a short time ago, i spoke withan pennsy attorney josh shapiro, just before a hearing in this case began in seattle. i began by asking him what his argument was against what defense distributed is doing. >> these undedeckable guns can get in the hands of cls and terrorist. they can get in the hands of children and others who aren't legally permitted to buy a gun in the commonwealth of pennsylvania or in states all across our country. you know, we have gun laws on the books. it's my job as the chief law enforcement officer of the commonwealth of pennsylvania to enforce those laws on the books. so cf a criminn't go to a store and buy a gun, he sure ase heck shouldn'tble to go home and print one.

that's why we've gone to court the try and stop these 3d printed guns from being able to come online in pennsylvania or across the country >> yang: in the case of pennsylvania, you have a they're blocking any i.p. address from pennsylvania frre hing this website. what's the next step in this case, se your n pennsylvania? >> that's right. we went to a federal judge on an emergency basis on sunday, just a couple days ago, and we sought this blocking of the code to make its way to pennsylvania. we do ha that block in place. now, look, i'll be first sto admit, thanot ideal. the internet doesn't stop at state boundaries. t it is a first step. we're also fighting it out in court out in seattle, and overall our efforts here in pennsylvania, in seattle and across this country is to put an injunction in place to bl this code from making its way out on the ternet and allowing

criminals and others who shouldn't be able to possess a gun to be able to download one.: >> ycody wilson, the man behind this, says he's merely exercising his free speech rights under the firstmendment what do you say to that? >> i'd say that's a laughable argument. we have laws lace in the commonwealth of pennsylvania gat say if you want to buy a gun, you have t through background check. you have to be of a certain age. just two examples what our laws are. why should someone who would fail our sta iards he pennsylvania, who wouldn't qualify to be able to buy a gun, be able to dmplynload one and print it out with this same printer that exists in the philadelphiachool district at the school district bought for $140. that's simply nonsensical. it doesn't make sense. and it is public safety risk if we allow this to go forward. >> someime ago congress passed the undetected firearms act, making it illegal to own a gun made entirely of plastic.

why would this fall under that law? >> well, you would have to ask the members of congress. i know they're scurrying about introducing bills, this and that. o frankly can't pay much mind t what they're doing. i hope ultimately they are able to get laws in place to st this. but i can't wait on congress. that's why i went in the cot on an emergency basis to try to stop this from ever making it way out into the community and to be able to allow people to kind of mass produce thdaese erous weapons and do so not in accordance with state laws and put people's lives at risk. >> yang: this threat or this possibility of printing a gun with a 3d printer has been around since 2013. should something have been done in the legislature, in the pennsylvania state legislature before this if you wanted to stop it?v >> yes. something should have been done in the state legislature here in pennsylvania, in other state legislature, and certainly in

congress to stop it. but i can't wait on lawmakers to act. that's why we went into court to act now to protect people's blic safety. i mean, if you think about this, right, we have laws on the bores tont criminals, prevent terrorists from being able to get guns. we have procedun place to be able to prevent people from walking on an airplane with guns.th well, if code is allowed to be put online, and people arabe to download it with ease in a real mainstream way, which is what this person in texas is trying to do, it will make a mockerof all of our laws. it will literally put lives at it will empower criminals and terrorists and others who shouldn't have guns. that isep absolutely unable. and as the attorney general oflv pennia, i'm standing up to fight that.

>> yang: the settlement with the statement said he would post this on augt 1st. he did it on friday. should there be some sanction on punishment? >> there should be. he can't really deliver that code to a computer with asy peania i.p. address. he can't post new stuff online to people here in pennsylvania. certainly we want that broadened out across the boar across the country. and i have to say, just in terms of the state departmt, the u.s. state department allowing this to go forwardit is really remarkable. it's shocking. what's even more shocking is that earlier today president trump tweeted thatas looking into this, as though he r insome innocent bystande all of. this it was his administration that allowed this to go forward in the first place, and his theonse, that i called n.r.a. to talk to them about it? i mean, that's insane. what thoue president be doing is calling law enforcement

leaders, people ira his fe government and across the country who are on the front lines like i am eveay dealing with gun violence in our communities, trying to enforce the laws of our state. those are the people he should be reaching out to, not the n.r.a. >> yang: josh shapiro, atrney general of the united states, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> yang: stay with us. coming up on the newshour: does congressional gridlock mean that more power shouldven to local governments? "the monarchy of fear," a new title on the newshour bookshelf. lemonade stands evoke nostalgic visions of kids handing out paper cups in front of their house on a hot summer day. but now, non-profits like lemode day! are using these rites of childhood to try to nurture budding business skillsr and reneurial thinking. special correspondent kavitha cardoza, from our partner "education week," vi indianapolis, indiana, a city that enthusiastically embraces

national lemonade day! it's part of our weekly education segment, "making the grade." >> lemonade! come get it! lemonade! ice cool! >> reporter: a big smile, a loud voiclots of colorful posters. that's how flannery partain plans to attract customers. she's just eight, but knowshe exactly whatants. >> i want to be the boss! >> reporter: and what better way to kickstart that ambition thant thout american summertime symbol of entrepreneurship, the lemonade stand? >> lemonade, lemonade, ice cold lemonade. >> reporter: flannery's just learned her first business concept, the importance of a catchy nat me. >>rst, i was like, "sour lemon," but then my das like "no, no, no, no, no, no." and so, he was like "how about sweet lemon?" i'm like "yeah, that could work, too." >> i was thinking we could name it lemon squeeze? >> lemonade squeeze? that is the best name i've ever heard!

you guys like that name? this is so important because our education system doesn't teach k thd of thing. >> reporter: that's multimillionaire entreprenneeur scott he developed the technology we commonly use in voicemail. >> when i was a kid, i not oy did the lemonade stand, because once i had the bug ofur entrepip, i had haunted houses, i had putt-putt courses, would make christmas decorations.on you start, it keeps on going. >> reporter: jones wts kids to get bitten by that same bug, so he found lemonade day! in indianapolis nine years ago. and he's backed that effort with a million dollars that helps pa for startup money, city permits and free workshops. >> i have a ttoo: "do." that's what life is for me, and i've taught that to my children. the willingness to guc up off the or away from the video game and actually do that idea. >> reporter: this is selling

lemonade, version 2.0, because even before they've made a single sale, kids have had to go through a curriculum with an adult where they learn to make a business plan, calculate costs and learn key concepts... >> profit. teamwork. economy. and if they tell you no, just say have a nice day. >> reporter: for $3, blue raspberry lemonade. 11-year-old jemma walker is the queen of elaborate lemonade stands. she always has a red carpet. >> we want everyone to feel like v.i.p.s when they come to the lemonade stand.el >>, would you like to support the lemonade stand? we accept credit cards! yes, we do! >> reporter: her brother miller is part of her marketing plan. >> my role is to help get customers to come and buy some lemonade. and also to look adorable! >> reporter: her parents, sherrean and luke walker say the lemonade stand has taught jemma

life skills. >>t's a real-world applicability of all thoseil skls. >> they e seeing all of those connections between what you like to do and what can make you successful. >> repter: so far, 75,000 kids have participated in this free program in indianapolis alone. >> $430.08! yes! >> my best bit of business advice would probably be, have fun with it! >> reporter: it's fun, but it's also a serious effort to develop a "pipeline" of futureep enneurs. schools nurture kids who areac emically gifted, who are athletically gifted, who are artistically gifted. you think we should encourage kids who are entreprally gifted? >> absolutely. and lemonade day! is the perfect

way to introduce these concepts of managing money. because, how often in school are they being asked to learn and exercise selling skills, marketing skills, social skills, psychological skills, right? it just isn't done that much. you learn it all when you do a lemonade stand. >> reporter: it also foste sense of community. ten-year-old c.j. was the last year's lemonade entrepreneur of indiapolis. what's this? >> it's the m.v.p.s for asthma, so it's to help asthma, because kdo have asthma. >> reporter: all ts follow the program's spend, save and share motto. >> you have stdard lemonade, you have blueberry lemonade. >> reporter: for c.j. harris, the customer is king. well, most of the time. >> water is better for you than any of this stuff. >> no, lemade is better. i do not agree with yo >> reporter: a lemonade day! udy found children who took part in this program are more likely to "plan tt their own business" and are more

confident they can find "lots of ways around any problem."l" theybelieve they'll" invent something that will change the world." flannery has set her sights a little lower. she wants to buy art supplies d glitter glue. and with a steady stream of customers, including a drive- through, she's well way. for the pbs newshour and education week, i'm kavitha cardoza in indianapolis, indiana. >> yang: and if you want to help your own child with a de stand, go to our website, where a finaial planner gives her advice for best practices. www.pbs.org/newshour. >> yang: now, how blowback to a "new york times" column on localism led to a conversation on race with two newshour regulars. judy woodruff recorded the discussion earlier this week.

on friday david brooks wrote a column for the "new york times" arguingites time for a fundamental even revolutionary shift to a resurgence of localism, flipping power and decision making on its hctead, dig it to people in neighborhoods and towns and away from the federal government. his column drew rpa sha, critical response from someone who is a familiar face to the newshour, so we thought we wou t invite both em here the talk about it, and here they are. i'm joined by david books of "the new york times," who you normally see here on fridays, and sherrilyn ifill, who is the president and director council of the naacp legal defense and educational fund. we welofme both ou to the program. so david, revolutionary idea,

turn power on its head. y? >>irst of all, it wasn't that sharp of a response. you know, a couple months ago i started something called weave: a social fabric project. our job is to find people who do community service and change oue culture them. i spend half my day talking to national politicians who aredo getting nothin and just locked in this media circus and abstract ideological warfare. i spend the her half of my time with local cities and towns, with local organizations. they're all happy and fulfilled because they're getting something done. and you know, 66% of americans think their own locality gis do well, and only 18% trust the federal government. so it occurred to me it's not only the local power, but it's a fferent kind of power. it's not abstract. it's not ideological. it's much more pragmatic. it's money more personal.mu and it's more tangible. and it seems to me in an age where nothing is gettingonin

washington, it's a better kind of power being wielded at a local lel. so it's just saying, let's , do tht's move that down. >> woodruff: you think it could work practically? >> it might not for everything, not national defense, but even for schools, evenmmigration. immigration is a tough issue. some people really latove min. we want to welcome immigrants into our communities. some people don't like it they don't think diversity... they think diversity is a negative thing. you could have an immigration system, the first step, they have to have a community sponsor. some cities could say, come to us, we want you. some cities could say, no, don't come us to. at least would diffuse some of what has become this bitterly divisive issue a little and different communities could solve even on an issue like immigration, which is apretty nati they could sort of lean toward their own best method. >> woodrf: sherrilyn ifill, your reaction was, whoa, hold up. >> because i also think it's important for local communities

to find and feel and exercise ereir own pow it's critically important, particularly at this moment for the communities that iemember around civil rights issues, because the federal government is so hostile to civilight issues. but to say this without recognizing that local forces are not ways as benign or as tegrated as the way david describes in the piece i think fails to take account of the elephant that sits in the middle of the room whenever we talk about politics and divisiveness in this country, and this is race. the history of this country demonstrates that actually racial politics has been fought mot passionately at the local level. and most divisively at the local level, and sometimes most dangerously at the local level. if we think about the watershed moment of brown versus board of education, what the court said is, "lvoices have to control the process." they should proceed with a deliberate speed, taking account of local conditions. and we all know what happened. massive resistance happenedy .

it actuaened the door for localities to resist the feral imprimatur that came from the brown decision. >> woodruff: but you're really saying you can't look at king atent without l race >> you can't. it's the elephant sitting in the middle of the room. it mak people act against their own interests. so even when you have locala matters should, that everyone should be on board with, you find theseag blo happening, because of the issue of race and because we're so resolved around race some what it seems to me can happen is that local communities, if we celebrate, this if we romanticize it without the pragmatism about the role of race in lo ical politics that we're essentially leaving african american and other minority communities disempowered. >> woodruff: david? >> my first reaction was good point. that's why some people speak of at they call constitutional localism. we emphasize some parts of power the local lev, but you make it very clear that the constitution and constitutional protections and civil rights are ederl maintained at the

level. the second thought i had was, and i wanted to ask you about ths, in brown era in the '50s and '60s. it was very clear the national& civi rights than states, especially in the south. what's happened since is our national political alignments now overlap with our racial positions. so it seems to me now it's as much and maybe more national politicians who are whipping up racial animosities for their own political gains, and i can... i can't think of a governor, for example, who is as racially divisive as donald trump is, and it could be that -- >> the maine governor, lepage? >> i don't want geto go pa by page, but it seems to me in general donald trump is the center of whipping up racial animosity in ty,s counand the federal government is no longer as benign i guesss the word i want to use, no longer has the advantage over state vernments that it used to have? >> woodruff: what about that?

>> i think thiis important because the role that you talk about, the history of the deral government playing this role and now it being kind of flipped on its head is not really one abouteelings and choice. it's actually constitutionally compelled. people talk about our first amendment rights an our second amendment rights. our 14th amendment rights is that it is the role of the federal government. and to the e tent federal government through donald trump is choosing to abdicate that responsibility, what suggesting is it would be very nice to say, you know, we're going to put in oum&bles and just go to the local. i think for some things we can do that, but fo t mangs that go to the core of civil rights, we cannot. mmunity policing and the importance of the relationship between communities and law enforcement. but theni recon that deep and substantive and structural racial problems in police departments require the lntervention of the fede governmen that's what we have seen since ferguson. that's what we've seen in baltimore. that's what wene seeing i chicago. it was the federal government, because the locality never have addressed what was and is

this very serious problem of police violence again unarmed african americans some when you have attorney general jeff sessions sing we will no longer in the department of justice investigate patterns and practices of unconstitutional policing, to say we're going to return ilo to thcal, it's not going to happen at the local level. >> that's why the emphasis on the constitution is something we both agree on. but i guess that i would say first that jeff sessions is not an accident.h e could and the policies that are now not coming out of washington could be a permanent part of our national government just because of the way politics is noracially aligned. and it seems to me a lot of our big problems having todo with segregation and other things and all the racial animosities do not have primarily a politlual on. they have a communal and sociological solution. >> woodruff: is there a dlm ground here where you can see, david, doing some of the thyoins re talking about but respecting the things that sherrilyn wants? >> there is patchwork. there are things that have to be

done on the national level, but toe, you kno one of the things i'm hearing a lot of resentment which is racial and economic and comes out in every day is loneliness, isolation,di rust and that core sense that i have no friends, i'm lobely, i distrust my institutions, i distrust the pe that sense is a sociological sense. that is what really inflames racial resentment, us-them thinking, zero sum. to me at the bottom it's racism expanded and exaggerated by this sense of distrust and alienation. that's a social problem as much as a political problem, and it only has a soci solution. >> yeah, but i think the animating feature of racism is for white people, the fear of being displaced, the fear that this is a zero sum gain, the fear of getting mine, and also the stoking, and this s what's most stoking that's coming from the national, is the otherring of black people and the idea that black people are somehow h not fulan. this is really not about one's

terral loneliness and angst. this is a true and very serious sociological force in the u.s. and always has been, and it is being expandinedays that i find quite frightening. so i do think that there are places and instances where local power is importt, and in political talk, we spend too much time talking about the national and not enough about thlocal. what i want to do is pump the breaks on the idea that we can romanticize the local without first overlaying rice and recognizing theway in which race makes all of which would be the logical conclusions not happen. they don't happen because of racism ond the historyf this country is we have required the intervex of the federal govement. rst we went to the post-civil war reordering to ensure the protection of the rigs of racial minorities to be full citizens. >> woodruff: whether it's a quilt omr a aic or something else... >> you can't leave it out.s >> woodruff: ihe beginning of a really important conversation. david brooks, thank you for

bringing that up. sherrilyn, thank you for engaging. we'll come back to this. thank you both. >>k thu, judy. >> yang: you can find all of the stories in our "race matters" series on our website, www.pbs.org/newshour. >> yang: now, jeffrey brown has the latest entry on the "newshour bookshelf." >> martha nussbaum teachesed at the law school and the dependent of philosophy. after numerous books examining aspects of peritical and ay life, the latest is "the monarchy of fear" it was written to better understand the election of 2016. one insight, the political is always emotional. thatng's somet you have written about for a long time. explain your terms. what does otional mean?

what does fear mean? >> well, okay. emotions are not just joalgtsof electricity but they involve thoughts about what's happeniha to us,s good and bad. and fear connects us to the bad. it's the thought that there is terrible, bad stuff out there and we're noentirely in control of warding it off. fear is something philosophies have talked about ever since the it's always been thought to be a terrible problem for democracy. >> brown: you're to now.ng it the subtitle: a philosopher looks at our pol crisis. that's the next term i want you to define "politicals cri." what do you see? >> i see people are being stampeded by their emotions and they're not stopng to figure things out and the work on the real problems. and what happens when fear gets into the works is it sort of is a grain of saturday that get into the whole mechanism and makes us spin off and target things that are not real.

so we igget ened and then we think, oh, the problem is really the immigrants, or, you know, it's on the left, too, so the problem is reall the elite instead of thinking, what are the actual problems and what can we do to fix them. so i wrote the book because i feel that way, too, frankly. >> brown: where does emotion and fear come into what makes sensor what's rational, because scifically with this election, which is where you started, there's been a lot of analysis. some people are saying those who supported donald trump felt anxiety over their economic statuor there was a recent study that said a more general future fear over losinstatus. >> right. >> in the country. >> yes. i think that second one is particularly true. >> it's not that fears aren't rational. it's rational to fear death or harm to your family.

we have to ask ourselves before we get stampeded and run off in some direction, we have to ask, what do vee really ha reason to fear? roosevelt once said weve nothing to fear but fear itself. i think that was not very precise, because in that era, we had tremendous things that it was reasonable to fear, naziism, economic unrest and so on. so better i think was president obama when he said, democracy y buckle if we give way to fear. so it's the giving way, the notn pausing to exait and sort it out. >> brown: so you describe yourself as a liberal social democrat, right? >> right. >> you're very open in the book in talking about your own position of privilege growing up and being a professor. so when you're looking again at what to make this more as concrete as possible, donald trump can be seen as a rational response. >> well, i think the trouble is that hes a ster of

manipulating fear. and taking peeople who right to be upset about their economic situation tor heir status but then spinning them off into saying, oh, the problem immigrants or the infestation of our boarders. so in the book actually contrast him with george w. bush, who after 9/11, he saw that there wa real danger their people would get stampeded by fear and go out and attack muslims. he carefully said, look, what we are dealing with her are criminals and we don't want to demonize the entirety of the religion or a people. and he even created an archive of all his statements about islam and muslims to show that he had been trying to calm people down and get them to fr the right things, namely criminals. >> uh-huh. you said at the beginning this goes back, the work you've done, to the greeks. >> right. >> yang: is it always there? does it ebb and flow? what point are you making about momentsicular

>> well, i think it ebbs and flows, but it was known to t greeks very well, but fear was an emotion that was partularly susceptible to demagogic manipulation. they were very worried about that. the historians, they talked about how the athenians voted to put to death a whole bunch of bellious colonies because the demagog whipped them up intoa state of fear. someone else went through the analysis and they decided that was stupid. they set out another boat to catch the first boat.o it wasy because the first boat c wasalm that they didn't kill a whole bunch of people some it's always been a inprobl. i it probably was at its height recently during the great wdepression and then the a kind of ebb back, but now it's -- the changes we see around us are globalization. these are really difficult

problems, so we have to sort o th. >> brown: so you're talking about the fears trump voters would have. what fears do you see among people on your side. >> i see my students have this terrible sense that it's like theof last day civilization and that we must be terrified that this is unprecedented and, you know, they don't even want to talk students who might have voted for trump. they think at they mustbe monsters. and i think it's really bad. it's half of the undergram watts in my university, if they represent the electorate, and it'sterrible to say, i'm just not going to talk to anyone who votetrd for p. i think there is this fear that democracy is explodinor imploding, and instead of talkg and sitting down and trying to figure out how we can get together and solve this problem, they just turn away and they're stampeded by fear >> brown: all right. the new book is "the monarchy of

fe" a philosopher looks at our political crisis. marthou nussbaum, thankery much. >> thank you very much. >> yang: later this evening on pbs, "frontline" explores the country's immigration licies. "separated: children at the border" examines immigration policy during both the obama and trump administrations, investigates the origins of the "zero tolerance" policy and recounts the journeys of children separated from their parents. l>> reporter: i traveled salvador, central america, to visit a father who had been yeseparated from his six-ar-old child after crossing into the u.s. illegally. i found him in a tiny villag three hours outside the capital.

it had been one month since he had seen his daughter. he was calling a shelter in arizona ere she was being held. >> hello. >> reporter: what would you like to say to her right now? >> yang: "frontline" airs tonight on most pbs stations. and a news update before we go: mexin officials say a commercial plane has crashed

near an airport in the northern state of durango, injuring 80 people. the state's governor says all 101 ople onboard have survived. at least two are critical. mexican tv showed images of smoke rising from the aeromexico jet. it crashed in a nearby field shortly after takeoff. and that's tr newshour fo tonight. tomorrow, "off the grid." residents of the navajo natio tn southwest struggle to get a steady supply of electricity. d m john yang. join us online, ain here tomorrow night, when judy's back. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:ul >> consumer ce. >> financial services firm raymond james. >> leidos. >>abbel.t a language aaches real-life conversations in a new language. t

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