ptioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> schifrin: good evening, i'm nick schifrin. judy woodruff is on vacation. othe newshour tonight, lfed in flames -- the larges history rages on, and more than 14,000 firefighters are trying to contain it. then, following the money. rick gates testifies how former trump campaign chairman, paul manafo avoided taxes and sought to pay back a banker with a top job i the administration. and, using red flags to prevent violence: how police and families are fighting for laws to treat mental illness before it's too late. >> if tre are sufficient warning signs, we can now get a gun violence restraining order. we don't have to wait for another crime to occur. >> schifrin: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs nehour has been provided b >> knowledge, it's where innovation begins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the toughat questions and eads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those working to impre the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com.

>> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contribions to your pbs ation from viewers like you. thank you. >> schifrin: wildfires up and down california are still burning out of control this e, venith no end in sight. instead, weary crews are fighting the heat, the wind and fires that range from a huge cotibi of blazes in the

north to a new one spreading in the south. smoke from the holy fire rose s with the morni, and flames tore through dry brush of the cleveland national forest. once the fire outside lo angeles started late yesterday, its size quickly tripled. by this mo it had already scorched 4,000 acres. this area hasnned in nearly four decades. many residents were caught off- guard, and didn't heed the original evacuation order, like >> it's an incredible sensation to be faced with life or death. like we think we're ready to die but aree? i don't know man i don't want to go like this get us out of here. >> i schifricalifornia and many western states, fire season isn't new. but the intensity and scope of the devastation are new. hotter weather, attributed to climate change, drives more severe conditions that authorities say residents cannot ignore. >> it can't be white noise anymore because this is not going to change. it's here and we're going to ha to deal with it.

>> schifrin: deputy director of cal-fire mike mohler says california's wildfires are burning faster, longer, and more unpredictabl august is only the middle fire season. and mohler says he expects the worst is yet to come. >> with the conditions that we're seeing right now, the weather patterns that are upning orking with our partners from the national weather service we don't see this ngchannytime soon. our fifrefighters, our law enforce are preparing for, really, for this to continue. >> schifrin: across the, 17 major wildfires are burning. the most devastating in the north. overnight, the mendocino complex fire grew into the largest in state history, breaking a record set just eight months ago. 's incinerated more than 290,000 acres. fire officials say they're focused on protec11ng some ,000 threatened homes. some have already been lost, including this man's. >> what can you say? it makes you sicto your stomach. everything they've worked for all their life, gonen a heartbeat. s>>chifrin: officials admit the expanding fire season is taking

a heavy toll on their resources. more than 14,000 firefighters are working in california, and the fire season is more than two months longer bean it used to but they vow to keep fighting. >> one of the things we sarvin the fire e is not only "take care of yourself," but you need to take care of you.fellow partn and keep and eye on them. you have to have that downtime. but, you know, i can tell you tt hat all fisponders are in it for the long haul. it's what we do. >> and there's no end in sight. firefighters areg another record-breaking fire bur through yosemite national park. officials tay said the park will be closes indefinitely. in the day's other news, rescuers in sia pulled another survivor from the ruins left by sunday's powerful earthquake. at the same time, the death toll rose to at least 105, as crews combed through debls on lombok d. and, thousands of villagers were growing desperate for aid. >> ( translated ): our tent accommodates six families.

it's vy hot during the day and we are drenched with sweat. but the night ichilling. weeed blankets, and the children also need some cold and cough medicine and milk. we also have two seniors here who have difficulty moving around and nlp. >> schifrin: the aid organization oxfam estimates more than 20,000 people have sought shelter. thousands more are camping in the open air. president trump has fired off a new warning against violating newly reinstated u.s. sanctions on iran. a tweet today, he said: "anyone doing business with iran will not be doing busiess with the d states." the warning came as german auto maker daimler a.g. announced it's iran. all business in in japan, a prestigio medical school admitted today that it altered admissions scores for years, tt the number of female students. an internal investigation found that officials at tokyo medical university believed many women would later abandon medicine to become mothers. the school's head apologized today.

>> ( translated ): society is ananging rapidly and we need to respond to that an organization that fails to utilize women will grow weak. and we fail to contribute to soety. >> schifrin: the education minister says admissions proc schools will now be reviewed. back in this country, the centers foase control and prevention is out with a clearer picture of dangers posed by the zika virus. it shows that 1 in 7 babies born to mothers who were infected during pregnancy, developed health problems. e range from birth defec to seizures. the researchers analyzed children born to infected women in puerto rico and other u.s. territories. the virus is spread by mosquitoes. police in new mexico are police found the body of a young boy at the compound near the colorado border. that comes one day after they found 11 children 11th in hung ger and filling. aerial video showed a trler buried in the ground, surrounded by walls of old tires and wooden

pallets. five adults were charged with child abuse. the children range in age from 1 to 15. new york will become the first y major american c let jail inmates make phone calls for free. currently, the calls run 50 cents for the first minute, and another nickel for each adtional minute. new york's decision comes as prison-rights groups are pushing to lim private companies from making money off prisoners. the new law takeseffect in n months. there's word there's word that electric car maker tesla may go privat c.e.o. elon musk tweeted today that he might buy back stock at $420 a share. he said it would help teslafo cus on the long-term, not quarterly profits. on the broader market: the dow jones industrial average gained 1r26 points to close n 25,629. the nasdaq rose 24 points, andad the s&p 50d eight. and, former nevada governor and senator, and ronald reagan confidante, paul laxalt died monday. he fbecaends with the

california governor in the 1960's. latechaired the reagan presidential campaigns, and he served as a liaison between the reagan white house d congress. paul laxalt was 96 years old. still to come on the newshour: the businesses partner of president trump's campaign chairman cross-examined in cot. fearing a crackdown in venezuela after an assassination attempt using drones. states propose taking away guns from people who pose a threat, and much more. >> schifrin: the key witness in the trialf president trump's former campaign chairman, paul manafort, took the stand again today. this time facing tough questions from manafort's legal team. newshour's wilam brangham was court today and has that. >> brangham: that star witness was rick gates, a long-time associate of paul manafort's, who also word on the trump

campaign. gates is now cooperating with special counsel robert mueller's team and, yesterday and today, offered detailedmony about manafort's alleged financial crimes, which involve hiding foreign income and bank fraud. the defensy sought to portray gates as an unreliable witness, highlighting how he too allegedly hid income, lied to prosecutors and even carried on a secret, extra-marital affair. i'm joined now by seth b. waxman, he's currently a criminal defense lawyer in private practicereviously worked as a federal prosecutor at the u.s. attorney's office in washington. welcome to the newshour. >> thank you. >> brangham: so rick gates testified yesterday and again today, laying out really the arc of the prosecuts case, all these alleged financial cratimes aul manafort allegedly carried out-- bank fraud, hiding income, trying to avoid paying taxes. thus far, what do you make of the prosecution's case? >> yeah, i mean, it seems pretty solid at this point.

you have several witnesses who have all said that thisctivity nt on, from accountant and other experts in those sort of areas. now have the star tness mr. gates breathing life into the various documents and emails we're seeing. you have to think athis point the prosecution feels pretty good about where they sit. and of course now we're into cross-examination of rick gates, where it's up them to set this up for them. >> brgham: rick gates yesterday, admitted to prosecutors that he was part of manad,fort's scheme and s"i helped him do these things. manafort was break the law, but so was i. and he became what we call a cooperating witness. that's a comramon gies, right? >> it most certainly is. in most conspiracies you're ing to have someone on the inside of that conspiracy to tell the story. and oftentimes those are not the pope or mother treata.oi you're to have criminals-- liars, cheaters, you ks,w, murderhatever the crime may be. so those people are going to have baggage, t'and thathe

prosecution does is they front all the bad stuff so the jury doesn't hear about it for the first time from the defense, and the whole case for the prosecution side is corroborating that star witness. you say you don't have to believe him because of just the words he said. you believe him because of all the independent evidence wcorroborates and telat he says is the truth. >> brangham: given what you describe the strong ce the prosecution seems to have, and to my nonlegal mind, it seems they have a good deal of documentary evidence about manafort being involved in these alleged crimes. sense of why paul manafort didn't plead guilty? >> yeah, it's my opinion thandt he's f playing with house money right now, that he can take a shot at this trial, even if the evidence is orwhelming, if he should happen to win he would go on to d.c. in the fall and figha tcase-- >> brangham: that's a separate prosecution going onag nst manafort. >> correct. there's a separate trial. if he were to win that trial he's a free man. but it's my belief hecan walk into manafort's office, ask for

a deal, and they would give h a deal because they need him that bad to be one of the top lieutenants in this potential conspiracy among the russians and the trump campaign to influence the 2 so i think he's rolling the dice. if he wins, great. if he loses, he cantill get that deal. it might not be as good, but he can still get a dea>> rangham: so as we said before, the defense got their first crack at rick gates, and they immediately tried towrnd cut him and to say, "you're a liar. you're untrustworthy." they even made the allegation about this extramarital affa ir. wh your sense of how the defense is doing thus far in chipping away at thiarst witness? >> yeah, i mean, these are pretty common attacks. , you know, they're going t after his credibility, character assassination, anything to move the jury away from rick gates and closer to paul manafort in believing the presumption, that he's presumed innocent. how much hay they're making out of thadt, it'fficult to say at this point. the difficulty for the defense is .the corroborati you know, they've got these

other witnesses. i'm hearing there are emails today that are from paul manafort to rick gates, or vice versa, where paul manafort is directing rick gates to do certain things. that is devastating evidence against the defense. and it's thoskinds of uncontroverted documents, documents that canrot bes examinedded that the prosecution will be hammering all the way to closing arguments in this case. >> brangham: do yout paul manafort to take the stand? if you were representing paul manafort wod you encourage him to do so? >> no, i don't think so. the risks of him taking ethe stand really, really high. it's a rare case where a criminal defendant, or a person on trial, rather, will will take the stand in his defense. i mean, y know, i think e play here is to attack rick gates, naik seem like a he said/he said, and of cour the government bears the burden of proof. and it's the prosecution saying, wait ack minute, ates is an important witness but there's a lot more. there's corroboration. so i think that's the dynamic. >> brangham: remind us again, this case came outt of rob mueller's investigation, which,

as we online, ishe primary charge being look at how russia meddled in our election and whher or not the trump campaign colluded in that at all. pmind us again how we got to a financial crimsecution. >> sure. as the prosecution is doing their investigation they may learn background about individuals and dig into that background. of course, the muller team has uncovered all of what we're see now in alexandria. why that's relevant, i thiit has two points. one, conspiracies don't just drop outf sky in 2016. there's a backstory there. why did the rus could reach out to manafort or others? it's because maybe they had 10 years of history in engaging in wrongful conduct. intoat maybe a gatew telling how the conspiracy came about, assuming it occurred, in the election. think this has everything to do about russia, not the facts, or the trial itself, but this is an effort by the prosecution to get manafort to flip. and for the reasons we discussed before, i think that is still an option on the table, even after a conviction.

>> brangham: lastly, judge t.s. ellis, who has been presiding over this case, hs been a really interesting fig tower watch over the course of the days. he's asserted himselery aggressively. at one point he's band the use of the term "oligarch" because he argues it's joa ative term used to slime these ukrainian businessmen. tut there are also times where the judge seemtry to poke at the prosecution, and seem to take them timo task, somes in front of the jury. does that happen often? and what the impact of that kind of interjection? >> it does happen depending on the demeanorf the judge and how active or proactive they want to be. some people think judges are referees. they should call balls and strikes and let the players play. i the judge is the man in the black robe or women, and it's her or his realm, and he gets to do or she gets to do what she wants. where it could become problematic for the prosecutor, if te he ju launching personal attacks or lashing up

on the at the prosecutors, jurors-- and, frankly, sometimes myself-- don't apprecie ate why judge is so upset. and that feels to the jury that e prosecution isn't playing fair, if a jury gets that feeling, that's where a case can really go south. if the judge is stepping into those grounds and giving that impression, that's unfair and there should be a to both the prosecution and the defense. you hope it doesn't leave thent intrigz igz that the prosecution is playing unfair or under the table. >> brangham: for the analysis. seth waxman. >> thank you for hav. >> schifrin: on saturday, two smalosions rocked caracas, the capital of venezuela. they happened while the president, nicolasaduro, was giving a speech to the country's national guard. two commercially-available drones, reportedly carrying plastic explosives, blew up over

a main bouleva q. madurockly rushed off stage. his military rushed off in panic; local residents shot this vidsoeo oiers running through the streets. nerewshour prod.j. tobia now has more on that attack, and why many venezuelans are also running from their homeland, and >> reporter: this is venezuela's border with brazil. every day, hundredsross, fleeing an economy that will soon hit one million% inflation. >> ( translated ): we really don't he future in venezuela and the salary one earns is not enough at all. the boli r is worthless. >> reporter: the poorest make the crossing on foot. some can't even feed their children, and rely on this catholic-run shelter for a hot .e venezuela is in crisis. production, the country' major source of cash, has plummeted. armed guards stansentry at super market entrances, where lines snake down the block. when shoppers are allowed in, it's a desperate frenzy to get basic commodities.

>> so the situation venezuela is realldire because you have a country that is in the midst of hyperinflation.s with >> reporter: mariano de ald was born anudied law in venezuela. he's now an analyst at the atlantic council. >> there is also a scarcity of food and medicine in the supermarkets. so what happens is you have a country where the large majority of the population doesn't have sufficiene.t means to l >> reporter: alba says the political situation isn't much bettr. >> reporter: alba isn't convinced that last weekend's drone incident was an assasination attempt. >> in the end i thk that there e two possibilities. one either the garment is telling the truth and this was an assassination attempt, or two the government is lying as usual and this was you know a play by the government to try to

strengthen their hand within the country and also to try to alleviate tention of the ongoing economic crisis. >> reporter: on sunday, the government claimed that it had maded ome arrests rela the >> ( translated ): we have so far six terrorists and hitmen detained. varioucles, confiscated. various raids have been executed in the capital of our country, where important evidence has been collected of criminal activity. reporter: maduro has suggested that the u.s. migh have had some involvement in the attack, a charge the u.s. gornment denied. alba says that as long as the military sides with maduro, he will retain power. but that's not a sure thing. >> the government cannot match the speeyperinflation to adjust the salaries of the members of the military. so it is not only that members

of the military who are suffering this but also their families. so over the last i would say six moths while we have seen credible reports in the press about growing scontent within e military. >> reporter: for average venezuelans, that discontent is already acute. and they're voting, with their feet. for the pbs newshour, j. tobia. >> thschifrine era of terrorism that led to 9/11 began 20 tars aay. al qaeda bombs obliterated u.s. embassies in kenya and tanzania. 250 killed. 5,000 injured. today in nairobi, the rebuilt u.s. embassy hos candlelight vigil. since 9/11, al qaeda has morphed into franchises, and the deadliest is in yemen. theen newshour has reported o

from that country, most recently when special correspondent jane ferguson crossed the dangerous front line, from land controlled by a sunni coalition led by saudi arabia, to an areheld by shia, houthi rebels by smuggling herself in. and now there is a new story from the ap about that front line, that saudi arabia, a u.s. ally, is supporting al qaeda fighters in yemen. jane joins me now from beirut. janeso fer thank you very much. the u.s., of course, is supporting saudi, its ally, and supporting the saudi-led coalition in yemen. but saudi is cutting deals, apparently, with al qaeda. i mean, does this mean, ironically, that the u.s. and al qaeda are on the same>> side? eporter: to a certain extent, nick, it does. although,'m sure neither side would like to acknowledge that inconvenient fact, that they're basically, essentially, fighting on the same side, to some extent. now, there have been repts in the arab media for some time now about a al qaeda fighters showig

up on the front lines in this war, but this is byr the most comprehensive report. i can say, when i was on the ground in yemen an i showed any interest in going to these front lines, by going to the uth and spending time trying to film the battles, i was told by yemeni fixers and journalists there thed i would have lik to have teamed up with and go, the main dangertheir main concern was not just the fighting on the front line-- which, of course, can be dangerous-- but it was the presence of al qaeda fighters there, the present of jihadi fighters and, you know, diussion of this had been spreading throughout yemen and many yemenis had been discussing this, that there wdiere jis moving into the area. this was of note to them because the al qaeda in thrabian peninsula, the yemeni branch of al qaeda, had not bereennt in places like taizz, so people were really quitemelarthat they were showing up. nd they were never sure if we

wentere whether or not there could be a checkpoint all of a sudden that had been set up by al qaeda itself. as a result, it makes that kind of reporting very difficult. >difficult. >> schifrin: it seems to lead to a question about the u.s. strategic aims heir. the question, i guess, would be, are these deals that saudi arabia-- again, a u.s. ally-- is apparently cutting with al qaeda, does it mean that al qaeda is actunuly cong or surviving inside ofemen? >> reporter: it does. a fny time al qaedghters are given an opportunity to leave one area safely had and live t fight another day, especially if they're allowed to leave with weapons and any kind of money or loot that they've gathered, it helps them thrive. if you're looking at strategic interests, it also serves the strategic centers of the saudi an athe u.a.e., w on the ground there. certainly the emirates on the grotd there, they do have to use their own fighters to fight al qaeda, and, instead, they potentially get recruitment of

many battle-hardened andel extrstrong fighter fighters from l qaeda, basically joining up with therious militias that they can then fight against the houthis and for the coalition, the real enemy here are the houthi, the iran-bkedhi'a militias in the north. for the united states, it's ult to see a strategi benefit here. it's difficult to see why al qaeda in the arabian peninsulbeing allowed to survive in those areas. this is the franchise of al qaeda that is considered by the united states to be the most deadly, and the most determin s toike against the united states on its own soil that they would be allowed to thrive, move around the country. so it's difficu to e the u.s. strategic gain there. however, it is, also, perhaps, a reflection of a pivot in u.s. strategy thaist very much so focused on fighting iran. atand the united s, this white house, this trump white house, certainly sees the

houthis in the north that are backed by in certainly allied with iran, they see them very much so as a symbol of iranians expansion. , and therefore, they see it as the united states' strategic interts to go after them. >> schifrin: you know better than anyone that the fighting in yemen continues. tens of thousands have died. what's the situation ithat key port city today. >> reporter: the situation is that the ground offensive that was launched back inune appears to have stopped, essentially, in terms of the coalition troops trying to enter the city. there have been ongoing air strike, and the aid agencies have continued to call for an end to those, and to call r an end to the fighting. let's not forget that the reason this city is so strategically important is because that is where the vast majority of yemen's mood is coming into. eight million people in yemen are on the brink of famine. they're in prefamine conditions,

f the u.n. says. if thting does enter that city and the port stops being able to bring hoine food supplies, then yemen could very easily tip into a massve famine. so it's very important. it's an extremely delicate parti ofwar right now. the united nations envoy, the l envoy to yemen, martin griffives, did announce recently there are planned peace talks next month in geneva. but it's not ear whether there will be a full-scale cease-fire in order for the talks toake place. >> schifrin: in the time we have left, we've been talking about saudi arabiae's a new spat between saudi arabia and a surprising, perhaps, other country, canada. what can you tell bus that? >> reporter: it certainly is surprising, nick, and it has surprised a lot of people because it has exploded so quickly. on frrkdz the canadian government tweeted its concerns about the arreststhe recent arrests in saudi arabia of civil rights activists and women's rights activists, saying that

they were concerned, and called for their release. the saudis responded very quickly by expelling the canadian ambasador, and since then, we've also seen the implication, or basicathe sanctions have been put in place against canada. so this is a huge escalation in just a matter of days between the two countries. it's also a reflection of how sensitive the saudis are at the moment to international criticism about huma >> schifrin: jane ferguson joining us from beirut, thank you very much. >> reporter: thank you. >> schifrin: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: tensions rising in chicago after a deadly w. an unpublished hemingway story made public. and young people bring fresh otoce to an urban food desert.

lastfebruary's sg at marjory stoneman douglas high school was just the latest example of a school shooting with prior concerns over the shooter's mental health. some states have so-called "red fallag laws" which w a judge to temporarily remove a mentally ill person's access to guns. as john ferrugia of rocky mountn pbs reports, there is conflict balancing the rights of the mentally ill against the need for pubc safety. (shouting) >> reporter: those who knew new he wasehl mentally ill but never imagined him to be a killer. laevst new year's e in a denver suburb, after he called t 1-1 claiminghis roommate verbally assaulted him, riehl deun out of control, barri himself in his room with guns, and was judged by deputies to be a threat to himself and others. that is colorado's standard for forcing involuntary health treatment. but when they tried to take him into custody... >> open the door! sheriffs office! (gunfire) hundreds of rounds we fired. one deputy, zach parrish, died.

four others were wounded along with two civilians in the apartment complex where he was holed up. ( gunfire ) in a subsequent shootout with a swat team, matthew riehl also died, ending his long descent into mental illness. >> he did very good in school. he graduated from c.u. denver magna cum laude. >> reporter: after graduating, he moved to wyoming, where he loved to hunt and fish, and he enrolled in law school. his future was bright. he iehad s, he joined the national guard as a medic, eventually deploying to iraq. >> even after he came home, he hways kept his medic bag car in case that he needed to help anybody. >> reporter: but his mother susan riehl says, iraq changed him. himedical records show he exhibited p.t.s.d. and anxiety related to his service. >> i don't think he was mentally afill untir he came back. >> reporte2014, after he finished law school and was working in a private firm, matthew riehl had his first mental break.

his mother found him secluded in his home believing thef time was coming. she convinced him to go to a rans affairs hospital in wyoming for mental health treatment. sd, she removed several guns from his house fekeeping. what were you concerned about? >> just that he could harm himself or others. it was probably not a good idea for somebody who was mentall ill to have guns. >> reporter: but he didn't stay long in v.a. treatment, first walking away, then checking himself out. and soon after, he moved into the basement of his parents home. records provided by the family show that he was receiving private outpatientental health treatment and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but was not suicidal or homicidal. then, in early 2017 his mother says he stopped taking his medication. >> he became more reclusate. he stoppedg meals with the family and just wanted to be left alone. >> reporter: the family became concerned and a little scared, by his erratic behavior, so they reached out to the local lone tree, colorado police

department. >> we were hoping they could offer us some assistance to get him help. they went to t house and tried talk to him, and that was what precipitated him moving out. for a long time didn't know where he was. reporter: afraid? >> yes. afraid, concerned..but unable to do anything because we had no ability to do anything to help him. >> reporter: around the same time, matthew also began sending bizarre and apparently reatening messages to his former law school professors at the university of wyoming, and harassing the lone tree police department and city officials. that brought in the local sheriff's department. >> through the procesof cducting the investigation we had our mental health response eam, attempt to engage him with no success. >> reporter: tony spurlock is douglas county sheriff. >> we had a number contacts and interviews with him through the

oors or the phone. >> reporter: but under colorado law, the district attorney couldn't act, because riehl was not an "imminent danger" to himself or others, that is: a danger right now. in an email, the d.a. told the sheriff's department: "we have to balance the suspect's first amendment rights (especially n the wide latitude since we are public servants) with (the lone tree police sergeant's) rights." soce, poook precautions. >> i know that the lone tree police had sent out a bulletin to all law enforcemennd colorado. >> reporter: that alert, noting matthew's mental health and r with law enforcement, could be seen by responding whficers on their computers. that ifour douglas county deputie not just one, showed up on new year's eve, when eytthew riehl called 9-1-1, because th knew he could be dangerous. while the ril family and the eriff disagree on tactics used that night and whether breaking ryto his bedroom was neces they agree that the incident could have been prevented long before new year's eve.

>> he knew the law, and he never did anything to cross the line that make it possible for us to get him help. >> i think if we were to adjust our statute, we would have been able to intervene much earlier and most likely would have been able to eliminate the situation on new year's eve from occurring. >> reporter: spurlock is talking about what is known as a red flag law nine states have statutes allowing law enforcement or the family of a mentally ill person to petition a judge forry involunental health treatment based on a pattern of behavior, and to store guns for safekeeping until the judge determines mental health is restored. >> if there are sufficient warning signs, we can now get a guence restraining order. we don't have to wait for another crime to occur. >> reporter: mara elliott is city attorney of san diego. in the first five months since the law went into effect in california in december 2017, there were 26 succ petitions in her city for involuntary treatment of

mentally ill persons who were fdeemed to show a pattern threat or concern who had access to guns. >> it's a measure to keep that person safe, and people around that person safe, and allow them the opportunity ro get help. orter: and, she says there are safeguards built in to protect the rights of the mentally ill, including a hewithin 21 days of the petition to the court. neither police, the city attorn the decision.ily makes >> we need to prove to the satisfaction of a judge that there is a legitimate concern that somebody is going to be a threat to themselves or to someone else. we're worried about lives here. so we have that burden of oof. on the flip side of it, the gun owner also has an opportunity to come to the court and tell their side of the story, to put their conduct into context. >> we need that red flag law. >> reporter: you need lower statutory threshold. >> we need a change in the statute to save lives. t>> reporter: accordithe colorado department of human s tervices, in 2017, mon

34,000 persons in the state were deemed an "imminent danger" to themselves or others and placed on a 72-hour mental health hold and forced into a emergency treatment program. over the decade there has been an increase of more than 300%. >> pwe don't fple's picture of what the parentsf a mass murder is. >er> repobob and arlene holmes are the parents of james holmes, the aurora theater shooter who in 2012 killed 12 people and wounded sco others. >> we've h people say to us we thought these mass murderers must come fromd homes. but, we know you and you never abuse. reporter: they have bee working quietly with mental health groups, and lobbying legislatures and congress for more mental health funding. they have also worked to loosen federa providers aren't afraid of being sued for talking to families about the ca of their adult children. arlene was horrified when she found out the psycatrist who was treating james never told

them their son was havin homicidal thoughts and talking about killing a lot of people. he was an adult, entitled to his privacy by federal laws protecting medical information. do you think if you were given that information this would have happened? >> god, if we could fly back there and ensure that he was hospitalized. so who can say 100% that us could have prevented it. but, we sure as hell would have tried! es reporter: but they also blame themseor their son's actions. >> it's our fault for not being educated. if you're going to have a baby, you need to understand mental health. and you need to start looking for thin making sure that your kid has no mental health issues. >> reporter: state legislatures across the country, including colorado, are wrestling with the nexus of mental illness and guns. do you believe that if you had a red flag law prior to this incint, that both your deputy

and matthew riehl might be alive today? >> i do, becaus had it, we would have taken him reto custody when he was ening the lone tree police department. >> reporter: opponents of such a law killed a measurethn colorado is year with the help of the gun lobby, charging that the due process rights of the mentally ill whose guns could temporarily removed would be violated. and that the rights of all gun owners could be in jeopardy as they see "red flag" laws as a move toward broader gun control. but for the republican sheriff whose depues were killed and wounded, it is about public safety. >> and if we had had it, we could have intervened en, and we could have done a lot of different things that we were not allowed to do, based upon the law. >> reporter: in colorado, proponents vow to retroduce a new bill next year, warning that, in the interim, there is a continuing risk of more fatal shootings involving mentally ill persons whbe a threat to themselves or others. for the newshour, i'm john ferrugia in denver.

>> schifrin: in chicago, starting at 6:00 p.m. on friday until sunday night, 66 people were shot. 12 died. over one three-hour window, one person was shoon average every ix minutes. violence in chicago is not new, but behind those numbers are stories of the victims their families. an aunt kisses the photo of her niece, 17-year-old jahnae patterson, killed by a gunshot on sunday. a bicycle, that 17-year-old kenny ivory was riding when he was shot in the domen. and the scene on sunday outside stroger hostpital. the youngest victim this weekend was 11. the oldest victim, 62. for more on all this, we turn to two chicago residents-- tamar manacommunity activist and founder of mothers and men against senseless killings.

and lance williams, associate professor of urban affairs, northeastern illinois university. thanks very much to you both. lance williams, let me start with you. a lot of tolhis ce was centered around the west side of chicago, the south side ofc hicago. why are we seeing this violence today focused in those neighborhoods? >> well, you're seeing the violence on the west side and south sides of chicago because about 20 years ago, in th early 2000s, the city of chicago implemented some very, very bad agblic policy. the most dng of those policies was the policy renaissan 2010, when chago basical privatized, through charter schools, neighborhoody public element and high schools. it became a serious problem because many of the high schools and communities that had long o traditiostreet

organizations, caused young african american males to beaf id to leave out of their communities, going to new scols throughout e city of chicago. so, basically, from the early 2000s, too many young african american males haven'been going to school, meaning that they-- they don't have life prospects. they can't get jobs. they're self-med caight to deal with the stress in their ommunity. and it's driving a lot of violence. >> schifrin: tamar manasseh. i want to ow what you . i want to show a photo of you working. every day you sit on the corner of 75th street and south stewart acooking dinner for neighborhood kids. what are you trying to do? >> i'm trying to keep em alive. that's what i'm trying to do. and for the past four years, i've been successful with hot dogs and hamburgers andck chi and hugs and love, and consistency. that's what i've been doing. nobody gets shot there. and it's not just about the kids. it's about the llness of the

entire community. so we not only feed children there. we feed adults as well. so we're feofeding upward 150 people every night. >> schifrin: lan williams food, provide something kind of co,unity feeli is that some of the solutions? >> oh, absolutely. and i think, you know,what tamarais doing is an incredible job. it would be grt if she was given more resourcesources to ed and ramp up the kind of environment-- see, this is the stress that is going on in the community that she's addressing directly. she is creating an environment where it's, you know, the food and the love and the hugs the kisses and the mothers out on the block actually reduce ste ss for the young men in the community, which makes them less ed to engage in violence.>> chifrin: tamar manasseh i want to ask about what the police chief and the mayor said this weekend.

they mentioned that gangs were behind a lot of this violence. and they also said the-- the police cheef said that they the community's help to catch the perpetrators. does thatsound likhe right solution? >> not at all. not to me it doesn't. reril 10, eddie johnson gave a press conference we touted technology is what had helped bring down the numbers of violent crime in chicago. it was the shooting spotter and it was all of this new technology that tehey empl and that's what did it. i'm not just-- you know, i'm not the only organization that's out in t neighborhood. they make a difference on the ground every da it's not just me. there are 100 other organizations just l are out here every day in their own way making a contribution to making bemmunitieer. he not once mentioned them. said it was the technology and extra policing and it was actual over-policing at made the difference. but now, you need the community's help when you have

hatmany of the resources could be given to the community. englewood will not have anyin public schoolthe fall, and tese kids that professor williams spoke oey will have no options of a public high school in englewood. but yet, thepolice have all the resources. but you're looking to the commun.y to help y you just said that the community wasn't a part of that when it was technology that did it. and it's kind of like the day after he made that statement, c.p.d. got another $10 milli donation, when-- i mean, organizations like mine are struling every day that have been shown to actually have results just to make sure people get fed, just to make sure that we can actually-- actuallypr ide a safe place every day , r the community to come and be a communir neighbors to come, and intermingle with neighbors and people to come and meet people and to become aco unity again. we have to actually, you know, beg and borrow to make that happen. when the police department, they have all of these resources.

itn clearly not goig to public schools. for every school you close, for every teach they're loses a job that's one more of these thugs or gangers that are created. so, no, you can't lay this at the feet of the ity right now. you have to lay this at the feet wh the city and c.p.d. you remove resources what, do you expect? get. is what you will c.p.d. need to tell us what happened. eney need to tell us why this ha. they ois answers. this isn't for the community to take care of. it's for the ci to tell us why this is happening. >> schifrin: tamar manasseh, lance williams, thank you very much to you both. >> thank yo >> schifrin: now, jeffrey brown has this look at a decades-old, but newly-released, short story by ernest hemingway. >> brown: august, 1944: french and allied troops marched down

the champs elysees, the city of light liberatefrom nazi occupiers. embedded with the soldiers: a giant of american literature. 12 years later, ernest hemingway captured the mood and the moment in a short story that bears the hallmarks of his classic works. now, "a room on the garden side" has been published for the first time, in the literary magazine, drhe strand." gulli is its managing editor. >> it starts with a bunch of soldie they're sitting in the ritz hotel and they're dratking and you could tell tey've gone through a stressful experience becauy've just marched into paris after paris was liberated from the nazis. so you see there's alls inughter of men who would fight a battle and you k essence relieving stress. but then there's also beneath that some sadness and some pathos for the men who did not make it. >> brown: in 1956, ernest hemingway sent word to his

publisher about five new short stories he'd written: "i suppose shocking sincetl they deal with irregular troops and combat and with people w actually kill people. anyway you can always publish them after i'm dead." hemingway committed suicide five years later, in 1961. >> if this manuscript was just submitted to me as it is i probably would have published it because it was just had a lot of typical themes of ernest hemingway's stories, that is the theme of war, the theme of bravery the theme of mortality nostalgia for a time had gone by. >> brown: the story reflects a nostalgia for hemingway's own life as g man in paris in the 1920s, a heydey when he socialized with artists like gertrude stein, james joyce and ablo picasso.

it takes place in the ritz hotel, one of hemingway's the tel's bar is now named after its most famous patron. kirk curnutt is a board member of the hemingway foundation and society. >> paris was absolutely crucial to his artistic sense of himself. that was t place where he lound his voice. i think he alwayed at the liberation of paris in 1944 as as asking himself what would have happened had paris been sormanently lost to the nazis. so it's a very pl question for him and i think at the end of the life as he's going back over those early years and calculating the loss of aging and the loss of his first wife he's really identifying in that period with the city itself. a a young man, he ventured to the italian front ambulance driver during world war one.

that inspired his first novel, "a farewell to arms." he captured his experiences as an ex-pat in europe in "the sun also rises," and during the spanish civil war in "for whom the bell tolls." by the time he wrote "a room on the garden side" in 1956, hemingway was world famous, but sliding into a deep personal >>pression. e was really struggling at this moment in his caree he had been through two plane crashes in two consecutive days a couple of y wrs earlier. struggling to finish several large voluminous projects. and so i thi he was in paris out this time and what's interesting to me is he was really writing the story around the same time he beganriting "a moveablfeast," so it's oninexorablycted with what most people consider one of his two or three greatt works in a >> brown: hemingway's short story is the latest lost work to be excavated and published in" the strand" magine. it's published previously unseen pieces by writers like john steinbeck, f. scott fitzgerald

and robert louis stevenson. >> you know, the kid who was bothering my mom sailing, "hey, mom, wouldn't it b great with robert louis stevenson were alive and i could b discussing 'treasure island' with him." to me i love to have that bridge between the past and the presence with these writers. and it's a ni thing to have a writer who was a very taleered wrto have some contemporary readers today try to compare their experience reading their work today to how they felt when they were reading it, let's say, in high schol, or 3 yiers ago. br brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffren. >> schifrin:n many urban areas

across the country, "food deserts"-- that is, a lack of access to fresh fruits and vegebles-- are prevalent. as 18-year old kevin broome reports, a cooperative of high ngschool students in washiton, d.c. is aiming to change that. this story was produced by a it's part of our weekly education series, making the grade. >> reporter: these stuare learning how to grow vegetables and other edible plants. rasha rida is a twelfth grader at easternenior high school. >> one day i was just going to soccer practice, i was just walking by the green house and i was like, "oh my god! what is that beautiful, magnificent thing?" there was this greenhouse over there, and like the sun was just radiating. i it was just like, "ahhhhh." and so basically, i just peeked my head in the door and i was like, "so what is this?"ik and they were "this is mighty greens." >> reporter: mighty greens is a youth-led cooperative whose miion is to improve

washington, d.c.'s access to healthy food and food education. >> d.s c.food desert. e that basically means that people in d.c. hhard time having accesr to food. whet's a grocery store not o ing close enough to them or transportationstore. >> reporter:ccording to d.c. hunger solutions, every day in ct of columbia, nearly one out of seven houholds struggles to buy nutritionally adequate and safe food. a kameela owens eleventh grader at eastern senior high school. >> i help people imy community learn how to grow vegetables or even learn how to eat healthy with the vegetables. one day maybe our city could not be a food desert. >> have you transplanted these before? >> reporter: malka roth is an educator for city blossoms, a hac.-based non-profit organizationhelps mighty greens operate. >> it's really about creating a space for students to connect

themselves, with each other, and the world around them. >> reporter: last year mighty greens harvested over 1200 pounds of food and is hoping to orpass that this year. >> about 5our produce gets sold, about 25% gets donated to our partners, and then 25% gets taken home by students or used fote recipes. it's really important within this work that the students know that they're growing food for themselves. >> reporter: students also develop entrepreneurial skills by creating products and selling them at farmers markets. >> we have two herb salts. koe's called herbs of eastern, which has er salt, thyme, oregamano, and ro. we make it by dehydrating all te herbs we get out the garden and mixing it wi salts. equal parts each. customers are like, "oh this is really cool". and you're like oh my, that's re really good about it.l >> reporter: this program equips studts with critical life skills and gives them confidence

beyond the classro. >> people in high school, if they have a program where they could go to and learn how to do a siness. they would be able to understand those things that you don't arn in school. i feel like if i didn't join this i wouldn't be the person i am today. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour student reporting labs, i'm kevin broome in washington, d.c. >> schifrin: later tonight on pbs, "frontline" and propublica present a film about the deadly charlottesville, virginia rally that occurred nearly one year ago. "documenting hate: charlottesville" investigates the white supremacists and neo- nazis involved in the rally and shows how some of those behind the racist violence went unpunished and continued to operate around the country. "frontline" airs tonight on most pbs stations. on the newshour online right now, as emergency crews battle wildfires, there are wa

you can help. we have a list of organizations, in englishnd spanish, on our website, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for toght. i'm nick schifrin. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you e you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide.

>> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and inals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. ontributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. ca ioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

man: kennedy's head is in a vise. woman: khrushchev was now feeling very vulnerable. and castro... man: castro is getting angrier and angrier. pushed theheorld to trink of nuclear war in a battle to see who uld blink first. man: all three believed that oe the war started there would be no stopping it. "cuban missile crisis: three men go to war" starts right now on pbs. by contributions to your pbs station fr viewers like you. joiv kennedy: we happen to l in the most dangerous time in the history of the human race. man: i can so vividly remember my first flyov of cuba