captioning spoed by ns newshour productions, llc >> schifrin: good evening, i'm nick schifrin. judy woodruff is on vacation. on the newshour tight, engulfed in flames -- the largest fire in califogeia's history on, and more than 14,000 firefighters are trying to contain it. then, following the money. rick gates testifies how former trump campaign chairman, paul manafort avoided taxes and sought to pay back a banker with a top job in the administantion. using red flags to prevent violence: how police and mmilies are fighting for laws to treatental illness before it's too late. >> iffi there are sent war gning signs, we can now a gun violence restraining order. we don't have to wait for another crime to occur. >> schifrin: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's w innovation begins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind those working to improve the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com.

a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new ge, like spanish, french, rman, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. > and with the ongoing support of thesenstitutions: >> this program way made possiblee corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> schifrin: wildfires up andif down cnia are still burning out of control this vening, with no end in sight. instead, weary crews are fighting the heat, the wind and fires that range from a huge combination of blazes in the north to a new one spreading in the south.

smoke from the holy fire rose with the morning sun, and flames ush of tough dry br cleveland national forest. once the fire outside los angeles started laterday, its size quickly tripled. by this morning, it had already scorched 4,000 acres. this area hasn't burned in nearly four decades. many residents were caught off- guard, and didn't heed the original evacuation order, like >> it's an incredible sensatione to be fawith life or death. like we think we're ready to die but are we? i don't know man i don't want to go like this get us out of here. >> schifrin: in california and many western states, fire season isn't new. but the intensity and scope of w.the devastation are hotter weather, attributed to climate change, drives more severe conditions that authorities say residents cannot ignore. >>t it ca white noise anymore because this is not going to change. it's here and we're going to have to deal with . >> schifrin: deputy director of cal-fire mike mohler says california's wildfires are

burning faster, longer, and more unpredictably. august is only the middle fire season. hed mohler says he expects worst is yet to come. >> with the conditions that we're seeing right now, the weather patterns that are lining up working wr partners from the national weather service we don't see this n.changing anytime s our fifrefighters, our law enforcement, first reonders are preparing for, really, for this to continue. >> schifrin: across the state, 17 major wildfires are burning. the most devastating i north. overnight, the mendocino complex fire grew into the largest in state history, breaking a record set just eight mont ago. it's incinerated more than 290,000 acres. fire officials say they're focused on protecting some 11,000 threatened homes. some have already been lost, inuding this man's. >> what can you say? it makes you sick to your stomach. evething they've worked for all their life, gone in a heartbeat. ic>> schifrin: ols admit the expanding fire season is taking a heavy toll on their resources.

alre than 14,000 firefighters are working in cifornia, and the fire season is more than two months longer than it used t be. but they vow to keep fighting. >> one of the things we say in nlthe fire service is not "take care of yourself," but you need to take care of your fellow partner. and keep and eye on them. you have to have that downtime. but, you knowi can tell you that all first responders are in it for the long hau it's what we do. >> and there's no end in sight. fireghters are facing anoth record-breaking fire burning througyosemite national park. officials today said the park will be closes indefinitely. in the day's other news, scuers in indonesia pull another survivor from the ruins left by sunday's powerful earthquake. at the same time, the deah toll rose tt least 105, as crews combed through debris on lombok island. usands of villagers were growing desperate for aid. >> ( translated ): our tent accommodates six families. it's very hot during the day and we are drenched with sweat.t

e night is chilling. we need blankets, and the children also need some cold and cough medicine and milk. we also have two seniors here whlto have diffimoving around and need help. >> schifrin: the aid organization oxfam estimatesre han 20,000 people have sought shelter. thousands more are camping in the open air.pr sident trump has fired off a new warning against violating newly reinstated u.s. sanctions on iran. in a tweet today, he said: "anyone doing business with iran will not be doing business with the united states." the warn maker daimler a.g. announced it's halting all business in iran. in japan, a prestigious medical school admitted today that it altered admsions scores for years, to limit the number of female students. an internal investigation found that officials at tokyo medical university believed many women would later abandon medicine to become mothers. e school's head apologized today.

>> ( translated ): society is changing rapidly and we need to respond to that and any organization that fails to utilize women will grow weak. and we fail to contribute to society. >> schifrin: the education msinister says admissi procedures at all medical schools will now be reviewed. back in this country, the l centers for disease contd prevention is out with a clearer picture of dangers posed by the zika virus. it shows that 1 in 7 babies born tors who were infected during pregnancy, developed health problems. those range fromirth defects to seizures. the researchers analyzed n born to infected women in puerto rico and other u.s. territories. the virus is spread by mosquitoes. police in new mexico are police found the body of a young boy at the compound near the colorado border. that comesne day after thy found 11 children 11th in hung ger and filling. aerial video showed a trailer buried in the ground, surrounded by walls of old tires and wooden pallets. five adults were chargh child abuse.

the children range in age from 1 15. new york will become the first major erican city to let jail inmates make phone calls for free. currently, the calls run 50 cents for the first minute, and another nickel for each additional minute. new york's decision comes as ison-rights groups are pushing to limit private companies from making money off prisoners. the new law takes effect in nnte . there's word there's word that electric car maker tesla may go private. c.e.n musk tweeted today that he might buy back stock at $420 a share. on said it would help tesla focus on the lg-term, not quarterly profits. on the broader market: the dow jgaones industrial averaged 126 points to close near 25,629. the nasdaq rose 24 points, and the s&p 500 added eight. and, former nevada governor and senatorand ronald reagan confidante, paul laxalt died monday. he became friends with the california governor in the 1960's.

later, he chaired the reagan presidential campaigns, and he served as a liaison between the reagan white house and congress. paul laxalt was 96 years old. stillme t on the newshour: the businesses partner of president trumhas campaign cman cross-examined in court. fearing a crackdown in venezuela after ansination attempt using drones. ates propose taking awae guns from peoo pose a threat, and much more. >> schifrin: the key witness in the trial of president trump's former camchairman, paul manafort, took the stand again today. this time facing tough questions from mana lfortal team. newshour's william brangham was in court today and has that. >> esbrangham: that star wi was rick gates, a long-time associate of paul manafort's, who also worked on the trump campaign. gates is now cooperating with

special counsel robert mueller's team and, yesterday and today, offered detailed testimony about manafort's alleged financial crimes, which involve hiding foreign income and bank fraud. the defense today sought to portray gates as an unreliable witness, highlighting how he too allegedly hid income, lied to prosecutors and even carried on a secret, extra-marital affair. i'm joined now by seth b. waxman, he's currently a criminal defense lawyer in e practice and previousl worked as a federal prosecutor at the u.s. attorney's office in washington. welcome to the newshour. >> thank you. >> brangham: so rick gates testified yesterday and again today, laying out really the arc of the prosecution's case, all these alleged financial crimesrt that paul manaallegedly carried out-- bank fraud, hiding income, trying to avoipaying taxes. thus far, what do you make of the prosecution'case? >> yeah, i mean, it seems pretty solid at this point. nesses whoeveral w have all said that this activity

went on, from accountant and other experts in those sorof areas. now have the star witness mr. gates breathing life into the various documents and emails we're seeing. you have po think at thnt the prosecution feels pretty good about where they sit. and course we're into cross-examination of rick gates, where it's up them to set this up for them. >> brangham: rick ges yesterday, admitted to prosecutors that he was part of manafort's sche and said, "i helped him do these things. manafort was break the law, but so was i." and he became what we call g a cooperattness. that's a common strategies, right? >> it most certainly is. in most conspiracies you're going to have someone on the inside of that conspiracy to tell the story. and oftentimes those are not the pope or mother treata. you're going to have criminals-- liars, cheaters, you know, murderers, whatever the may be. so those people are going to have baggage, and thatht's e prosecution does is they front

all the bad stuff so the jury doesn't hear about it for the first time from anthe defense the whole case for the prosecution side is corroboratat star witness. you say you don't have to believe him because of just the words heu aid. lieve him because of all the independent evidence corroborateand tells what he says is the truth. >> brangham: given what you describe the strong case the prosecution seems to have, and to my nonlegal mind, it seems they have a good deal of documentary evidence about manafort being involved in these alleged crimes. what is ynsour seof why paul manafort didn't plead guilty? >> yeah, it's my opinion that he's kind of ping with house money right now, that he can take a shot at this trial, even if the evidence is overwhelming, if he should happen to win would go o d.c. in the fall and fight that case-- >> brangham: that's a separate prosecution going onor against man >> correct. there's a separate tria if he were to win that trial he's a free man. but it's my belie he can walk into manafort's office, ask for a deal, and they would give him

a deal because they need him that bad to be one of the top lieutenants in this potential conspiracy among the russians and the trump campaign to influence the 2016 electhtion. so ink he's rolling the dice. if he wins, great. if he loses, he can st that deal. it might not be as good, but he can still get a deal.so >> brangham:s we said before, the defense got their first crack at rick gates, and th immediatelyried towrnd cut him and to say, "you're a liar. you're untrustworthy." they even made the allegion out this extramarital affair. what is your sense of how the defense is doing us far in chipping away at this star witness? >> yeah, i mean, these are etty common attacks. , you know, they're going to go after his credibility, chaerra assassination, anything to move the jury away from rick gates and closer to paul manafort in believing the presumption, that he'sresumed innocent. how much may they'ing out of that, it's difficult to say or this point. the difficultythe defense is the corroboration. you know, they've got these other witnesses.g i'm hearthere are emails

today that are from paul manafort to rick gates, or vice versa, where paul manafort is directing rick gates to do certain things. that is devastating evidence against the defense. and it's those kinds of uncontroverted documen documents that can't be cross examinedded that the prosecution will be hammering all the way to closing arguments in this case. >> branghamt do you expec paul manafort to take the stand? if you were representing paul manafort would you encourato him do so? >> no, i don't think so. the risks of him taking the stand are reallyreally high. it's a rare case where a criminal defendant, or a person on trial, rather, will will take the stand in his defense. i mean, you know, i think the play here is to attack ricks, gaaik seem like a he said/he said, and of course thet governears the burden of proof. and it's the prosecution saying, wait a mute, rick gates is an important witness but there's a lot more. there's corroboration. so i thinkhat's te dynamic. >> brangham: remind us again, this case came out of robert mueller's investigation, which, as we online, is the primary

charge being look at how russia meddled in our election and whether or not the trump campaign colluded in that at all. remind us again how got to a financial crimes prosecution. >> sure. as the prosecution is doing their investigation they may learn background about individuals and dig to that background. of course, the mueller team has uncovered all of what we're see now in alexandria. why that's relevant, i think it has two points. one, conspiracies don't just drop out of sky in 2016. there's a backory there. why did the russians think they could reach out to manafort or others? it's because maybe they had 10 inears of histor engaging in wrongful conduct. so that maybe a gateway into telling how the conspiracy came about, assuming it occurred, in the election. i think this has everything to do about russia, noe facts, or the trial itself, but this is an effort by the prosecution to get manafort to flip. and for the reasons we discussed before, i think that is still an option on e table, even after a conviction. >> brangham: lastly, judge t.s. ellis, who has been

is case, haser th been a really interesting fig tower watch over the course of the days. he's assert himself very aggressively. at one point he's band the use of the term "oligarch" because he argues it's era pejorative m used to slime these ukrainian businessmen. but there are also times where the judge seems to try to poke at the prosecution, and seem to take them to task, sometimes in front of the jury. does that happen often? kindwhat the impact of that of interjection? >> it does happen depending on the demeanor of the dge and how active or proactive they want to be. some peop think dges are referees. they should call balls and stris and let the players play. i fall in that camp. the judge is the man in the black robe or women, and it's her or his realm, and he gets to do or she gets to do what she wants. where it could become problematic for the prosecutor, if thejudge is launching personal attacks or lashing up on the at the prosecu jurors-- and, frankly, sometimes

myself-- don't appreciate why the dge is so upset. and that feels to the jury that the prosecution isn't playing fair, if a jury gets that feeling, that's where a case can really go south. if the judge is stepping into those grounds and giving that impression, that's unfair and there should be a balanced trihl to be prosecution and the defense. you hope it doesn't leave the intrigz intregz that the prosecution is pling unfair o under the table. >> brangham: for the analysis. seth waxman. >> thank you for having me. >> schifrin: on saturdaytwo small explosions rocked caracas, the capital of venezuela h thpened while the president, nicolas maduro, was giving a speech to the country's national. two commercially-available drones, reportedly carrying plastic explosives, blew up over a main boulevard. maduro was quickly rushed off

stage. his mitary rushed off in panic; local residents shot this video of soldiers running through the streets. newshour producer p.j. tobia now has more on that attack, and why many venezuens are also running from their homeland, and what they're leaving behind. >> reporter: this is venezuela's border with brazil. every day, hundreds cross, fleeing an economy that will soon hit one million% inflation. >> ( translated ): we really don't hneave a future in ela and the salary one earns is not enough at all. the bolivar is worthless. >> reporter: the poorest make the crossing on foot. some can't even feed their children, and rely on this catholic-run shelter for a hot meal. venezuela is in crisis. oil production, thr country's maurce of cash, has plummeted. armed guards stand sentry at super market entrances, where lines snake down the block. when shoppers are allowed in, it's a desperate frenzy to get basic commodities. >> so the situation venezuela is really dire because you have a

country that is in the midst of an economic crisis with hyperinflation. >> reporter: mariano de alba was born and studied law in venezuela. he's now an analyst at the aticlantouncil. >> there is also a scarcity of food and medicine in the supermarkets. so what happens is you have a country where the large majority of the population doesn't have sufficient means to live. >>ter: alba says the political situation isn't much better. >> reporter: alba isn't convinced that last weekend's drone incident was an assasination attempt. >> in the end i think that there are two possibilities. e either the garment is telling the truth and this was an assassination attempt, or two the government is lying as usual and this was you know a play by the government to try to strengthen their hand within the country and also to y to

alheviate the attention of t ongoing economic crisis. >> reporter: on sunday, the government claimed that it had made some arrests related to the >> ( translated ): we have so far six terrorists and hitmen detained. various vehicles, coted. various raids have been executed in the capital of our country, where important evidence has been collected of criminal activity. >> reporter: muro has suggested that the u.s. might ha had some involvement in the attack, a charge the u.s. government denied. alba says that as long as the militaryes with maduro, he will retain power. but that's not a sure thing. >> the government cannot match the speed of hyperinflto adjust the salaries of the members of the military. so it is not only that members of the militafe who are sng this but also their

families. so over the last i would say six months while we have seen credible reports in the press about growing discontent witn the military. >> reporter: for average venezuelans, that discontent is already acute. and they're voting, with their feet. for the pbs newshour, i'm p.j. tobia. schifrin: the era of terrorism that led to 9/11 began 20 years ago today. al qaeda bombs obliterated u.s. embassies in kenya and tanzania. 250 killed. 5,000 injured. today in nairobi, the rebuilt u.s. ecassy hosted a andlelight vigil. since 9/11, al qaeda has morphed into franchises, and the deadliest is in yem. the newshour has reported often from tha when special correspondent jane ferguson crossed the dangerous

front llaine, from nd controlled by a sunni coalition led by saudi arabia, to an area held by shia, houthi rebels by smuggling arself in. and now there ew story from the ap about, hat front liat saudi arabia, a u.s. ally, is supporting al qaeda fighters in yemen. jane joins me now from beirut. jane v ferguson, thank yy much. the u.s., of course, is supporting saudi, its ally, and supporting the saudi-led coalition in yemen. but saudi is cutting dels, apparently, with al qaeda. i mean, does this mean, ironically, that te u.s. and al qaeda are on the same side? >> reporter: to a certain extent, nic it does. although, i'm sure neither side would like to acknowledge that inconvenient face that they basically, essentially, fighting on the same sideto so extent. now, there have been reports in the arab media for some time now inout a al qaeda fighters showig

up on the front in this war, but this is by far the most comprehensive report. i ca osay, when i w the ground in yemen and i showed any interest in going to these front lines, by going to the south and spending time trying to film the ibattleas told by yemeni fixers and journalists there that i would he liked toave teamed up with and go, the main concern wasir mai not just the fighting on the front line-- which, of course, can be dangerous-- but it was the esence ofl qaeda fighters there, the present of hadi fighters and, you know, discussion of this had been spreading throughout yemen and many yemenis had been discussing ere jihadistsere w moving into the area. this was of note to them because the al qaeda in the arabian peninsula, the yemeni branch of al qaeda, had not been present in places likez, taso people were really quite alarmed that they were showing up. an d they wenever sure if we went there whether or not there

could be a checkpoint all of a sudden that had been set up by al qaeda itself. as a result, it makes that kind of reporting very difficult. difficult. >> schifrin: it seems to lead u.s.question about the strategic aims heir. the question, i guess, would be, are these deals that saudi arabia-- again, a u.s. ally-- is apparently cutting with al qda, does it mean that al qaeda is actually continuing or surviving inside of yemen?er >> repoit does. any timal qaeda fighters ae given an opportunity to leave one area safely had and live tot fight r day, especially if they're allowed to leave with weapons and any kind of moneyor loot that they've gathered, it helps them thrive. if you're looking at strategic interests, it also serves githe stracenters of the saudi and the u.a.e., who are on the ground there. certainly the emirates on the ground there, they don't have to use their own fighters to fight al qaeda, and, instead, theyte ially get recruitment of many battle-hardened and

extremely rong fighter fightersm al qaeda, basically joining up with the various militias that they can then fight against the houthis and for the coalition, the real enemy here are th houthi, the iran-backed shi'a militias in the north. for the united states, it's difficult to see strategic benefit here. it's difficult to see why al qaeda in the arabian peninsula being allowed to survive in those areas. this is the franise al qaeda that is considered by the united states to be the most deadly, and the most determined to strike against the united states on its own soilthat they would be allowed to thrive, move around the country. so it's difficult to see the u.s. strategic gain there. however, it is, apso, pe a reflection of a pivot in u.s. strategy that veis much so focused on fighting iran. e united states, this white house, this trump white house, certainly sees the houthiin the north that are backed by iran certainly allied

with ira they see them very much so as a symbol of iranians expansion. , and therefore, they see it as the united states' strategic interests to go af >> schifrin: you know better than anyone that the fighting in yemen continues. tens of thousands have died. what's the st uation in thay port city today. >> reporter: the situion is that the ground offensive that was launched back in june appears to have, stopp essentially, in terms of the coalition troops trying to enter the cit there have been ongoing air strike, and thed agencies have continued to call for an end to those, and to call for an end to the fighting. let's not forget that the reason this city is so strategically important is because that is where the vast majority of yemen's mood is coming into. eight million people in yemen are on the brink of famine. they're in prefamine condions, as the u.n. says. if the fighting does enter that

city and the rt stops being able to bring in those food supplies, then yemen could very easily tip into a massive famine. so it's very important. it's an extremely delicate part of this war riht now. the united nations envoy, the special envoy yemen, martin grs, did announce recently there are planned peace talks next month in geneva. but it's not clear whether there will be a full-scale cease-fire in order for the talks to take place. >> schifrin: in the time we have left, we've been talking about udi arabia, there'sa new spat between saudi arabia and a surprising, perhaps, otheo try, canada. what can you tell bus that? >> reporter: it certainly is surprisingnick, andit has surprised a lot of people socause it has exploded quickly. on frrkdz the canadian government tweeted its concerns about the arrests, the recent arrests in saudi arabia of civil rights activists and women's ts activists, saying that they were concerned, and called for their release.

the spudis ded very quickly by expelling the canadian ambassador, and sie then, we've also seen the implicatio or basically the sanctions have been put in place against canada.hi sois a huge escalation in just a matter of days between the two countri aes. it'o a reflection of how sensitive the saudis are at the moment to international criticism about human rights. >> schifrin: jane ferguson joining us from beirut, thank you very much. >> reporter: thank you. >> schifrin: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: tensions rising in chicago after a deadly weekend. an unpublished hemingway story ublic. and young people bring fresh produce to an urban food desert. lastfebruary's shooting at marjory stoneman douglas high school was jamt the latest

e of a school shooting with prior concerns over the shooter's mental health. some states have so-called "red flalaws" which allow a judg to temporarily remove a mentally 'sill persccess to guns. as john ferrugia of rocky mountain pbs reports, there is conflict balancing the rights of the ntally ill against the need for public safety. (shouting) >> reporter: those who kne matthew riehl knew he was mentally ill but never imagined him o be a killer. last new year's eve in a denver suburb, after he called 9-1-1 aiming that his roommate verbally assaulted him, riehl spun out of corol, barricaded himself in his room with guns, and was judged by deputies to be a threat to himselfthers. that is colorado's standard for forcing voluntary mental health treatment. but when they tried to take him into custody... >> open the door! sheriffs office! (gunfire) hundreds of rounds were fired. one deputy, zach parrish, died. fheour were wounded along

with two civilians in the apartment complex where he was holed up. ( gunfire ) in a subsequent shootout with a swat team, matthew riehl also died, ending his long descent into mental illness. >> he did very good in school. he graduated from c.u. denver magna cum laude. >> reporteer graduating, he moved to wyoming, where he loved to hunt and fish, and he enrolled in law school. his future was bright. he edhad friends, he join the national guard as a medic, eventually deploying to iraq. ter he came home, he always kept his medic bag in his car in case that he needed to help anydy. >> reporter: but his mother susan riehl says, iraq changed him. his medical records show he exhibited p.t.s.d. andtonxiety relateis service. >> i don't think he was mentally ill until after he came back. >> reporter: in 2014, after he finished law school and was working in a private firm, matthew riehl had his first mental break. his mother found him secluded in his home believing the end of

time was coming. she convinced hito go to a veterans affairs hospital in wyoming for mental health treatmen and, she removed several guns from his house for safekeeping. what were you concerned about? >> just that he could harm himself or others. it was probably not a good idea for somebody who was mentally ill to have guns. >> reporter: but he didn't stay in v.a. treatment, firs walking away, then checking himself out. and soon after, he moved into the basent of his parents home. records provided by the family shoivw that he was reg private outpatient mental health treatment and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but was not suicidal or homicidal. then, in early 2017 his mother says he stopped taking his medication. >> he became more reclusive. he stopped eating meals with the ly and just wanted to be left alone. >> reporter: the family became concerned and a little scared, by his erratic br, so they reached out to the local lone tree, colorado police department. >> we were hoping they could

offer us some assistance to get him help. they went to the house and tried to talk to him, and that was what precipitated him moving out. for a long time didn't know where he was. >> reporter: afraid? >> yes. afraid, concerned... but unable to do anyt ability to do anything to help him. >> reporter: around the same time, matthew so began sending izarre and apparently threatening messages to his former law school professors at the university of wyoming, and harassing the lone tree police department and city officials. that brought in the local sheriff's department. >> through the process of conducting the investigation we had our mental health response team, attempt to engage him with no success. >> reporter: tony spurlock is douglas county sheriff. >> we had a number contacts and interviews with him through the doors or the phone. >> reporter: but under colorado law, the district attorney

couldn't act, because riehl was not an "imminent danger" to himself or others, that is: a right now. in an email, the d.a. told the sherdepartment: "we have to balance the suspect's first amendment rights (especially given the wideude since we are public servants) with (the lone tree police sergeant's) rights." soon, police took precau >> ith kno the lone tree police had sent out a bulletin to all law forcement around lorado. >> reporter: that alert, noting matthew's mental health and anger with law ed orcement, cobe seen by responding officers on their computers. th cat is why four douglasnty deputies, not just one, showed up on new year's eve, when matthew riehl called 9-1-1, bbecause they knew he coue dangerous. while the riehl family andgrhe sheriff di on tactics used that night and whether breaking into his bedro was necessary, they agree that the incident could have been prevented long before new year's eve. >> he knew the law, and he never did anything to crosline

that make it possible for us to get him help. >> i think if we were to adjust our statute, we would have been able to intervene much earlier and most likely would have been able to eliminate the situation on new year's eve from occurring. >> reporter: spurlock is talking about what is known as a red flag law. ne states have statutes allowing law enforcement or the familymentally ill person to petition a judge for involuntary mental health tment based on a pattern of behavior, and to store guns for safekeeping until the judge determines mental health is restored. >> if there are sufficient warning signs, we can now get a gun violence restraining order. we don't have to wait for another crime to occur. >> reporter: mara elliott is city attorney of san diego. inin the first five months the law went into effect in california in december 2017, there were 26 successful petitions in her city for involuntary treatment of mentally ill persoho were

deemed to show a pattern of threat or concern who had access to gs. >> it's a measure to keep that sorson safe, and people around that psafe, and allow them the opportunity to get help. >> reporter: and, she says there are safeguards built in to otect the rights of the mentally ill, including a hearing within 21 f the petition to the court. neither police, the city attorney, nor the fami makes the decision. >> we need to prove to the satisfaction of a judge that there is a legitimate concern here, that someb going to be a threat to themselves or to someone else. we're worried about lives here. so we have that burden of proof. on the flip side of it, the gun owner also has an opportunity to come to the court and tell their side of the story, to put their conduct into context. >> we need that red flag law. >> reporter: you need a lower statutory threshold. >> we need a change in the statute to save lives. >> reporte according to the colorado department of human services, i2017, more than ,000 persons in the state were

deemed an "imminent danger" to themselves or others and placed on a 72-hour mental health hold and forced into a emergency treatment program. over the decade there has been an increase of more than 300%. >> urwe don't fit people's pi of what the parents of a mass murder is. >> reporter: bob and arlene holmes are the parents of james holmes, the aurora theater shooter who in 2012 killed 12 people and wounded scores of others. >> we've had people say to us we thought these mass murderers must come from abused homes. but, we know you and you never abuse. >> reporter: they have been working quietly with mental he groups, and lobbying legislatures and congress for more mental health funding. they harkve als to loosen federal privacy laws so that providers aren't afraid of being sued for talking to families about the care of their adt children. arlene was horrified when she found out the psychiatrist who was treating james never told them their son was having

homicidal thoughts and talking about killing a lot of people. he was an adult, entitled to his privacy by federal laws protecting medical information. do you think if you were given that information this would have happened? >> god, if we could fly back e and ensure that he was hospitalized. so who can say 100% that us could have prevented it. but, we sure as hell would have tried! >> reporter: but they also blame themselves for their s actions. >> it's our fault for not being educated. if you're going to have a baby, you need to understand mental health. and you need to start looking for things and making sure that your kid has no mental health issues >> reporter: state legislatures across the country, including colorado, are wrestls g with the ne mental illness and guns. do you believe that if you had a red flag law prior to this inciotdent, thatyour deputy and matthew riehl might be alive today? >> i do, because i think if w

had it, we would have taken him into custody when he was threatening th tree police department. >> reporter: opponents of such a law killed a measure in colortho this year he help of the gun lobby, charging that the due process rights of the mentally ill whosguns could be temporarily removed would be violated. and that the rights of all gu owners could be in jeopardy as they see " move toward broader gun control. but for the republican sheriff whose deputies were killt and wounded, about public safety. >> and if we had had it, we could have intervened then, and we could have done a lot of different things that we were not allowed to do, based upon the law. >> reporter: in colorado, proponents vow to reintroduce a new bill next year, warning that, in the interim, there is a continuing risk ofore fatal shootings involving mentally ill persons who may be a threat to themselves or others. for the newshour, i'm john ferrugia in denver.

>> schifrin: in chicago, starting at 6:00 p.m. on friday until sunday night, 66 people were shot. 12 die over one three-hour window, one person was shot on average ery six minutes. violence in chicago is not new, but behind those numbers are stories of tth victims, and r families. an aunt kisses the photo of her e, 17-year-old jahnae patterson, killed by a gunshot on sunday. a bicycle, that 17-year-old kenny ivory was riding when he was shot in the abdomen. and the scene on sunday outside stroger hostpiunl. the yost victim this weekend was 11. the oldest victim, 62. for more on all this, we turn to two chicago residents-- tamar manasseh, community activist and founder of mothers and men against senseless killin. and lance williams, associate professor of urban affairs,

northeastern illinois university. thanks very much to you both. lance williams, let me start with you. a lot of this violence was centered around the west side of chicago, the south side of why are we seeing this violence today focused in those neighborhoods? >> well, you're seeing the violence on the west side and south sides of ico because about 20 years ago, in the early o2000s, the ci chicago implemented some very, very badp lic policy. e most damagingf those policies was the policy of reissance 2010, when chicago basically privatized, through charter schols, neighborhood public elementary and high schools. it became serious problem because many of the high schools and communities that had long traditions of street organizations, caused young

african american males to be afraid to leav of their communities, going to new schools throughoutthe city of chicago. so, basically, from the early 2000s, too many youngfrican american males haven't been going to school, meaning that they-- they don't have life prospects. they can't get jobs. they're self-med caight to deal with the stress in their community and it's driving a lot of violence. > schifrin: tamar manasseh. i want to show what you do. i want to show a photo of you working. every day you sit on the corner of 75tstreet and south stewart avenue cooking dinner for neighborhood kids. what are you trying to do? >> i'm trying to keep them alive. that's what i'm trying to do. and for the past four years, i've been successful with hot dogs and hamburgers and ccken d hugs and love, and consistency. that's what i've been dng. nobody gets shot there. and it's not just about the kids. it's about the wellness of the entire community. so we not only feed children

there. we feed adults as well. so we're feeding wards of 150 people every night. >> schifrin: lance williams, food, provide something kind of community feeling, is that some of the solutions? >> oh, absolutely. and i think, you know, what tamarais doing is cran ible job. it would be great if she was given more resourcssources to ed and ramp up the kind of environment-- seth this is stress that is going on in the community that she's addressing directly. she is creating an environment where and the love and the hugs and the kisses and the mothers out on the block actually reduce the stress for the young men in the community, which makes them less inclined to engage in violence. >> schifrin: tamar manasseh i want to ask about what pothe ce chief and the mayor said this weekend. they mentioned that gangs ndwere

be lot of this violence. and they also said the-- the police chief said that ty need the community's help to catch the perpetrators. does that sound like the right solution? >> not at all. not to me itdoesn't. april 10, eddie johnson gave a press coerence where he touted technology is what had helped bring down the numbers violent crime in chicago. it was the shooting spotter and it was all of this new technology that they employed and that's what did it. i'm not just-- you know, i'm not the only organization that's out in the neighborhood. they make a difference on the ground very day. itt just me. there are 100 other organizations just like me whoh are oue every day in their own way making a contribution to making communities better. he not once mentioned them. he said it was the technology and extra policig and it was actual over-policing that made the difference. but now, you need the w community's hen you have so many of the resources that

could be given to the community. englewood will not have any publ schools in the fall,nd these kids that professor willia have no options of a public high school in englewood. but yet, the police have all the resources. but you're looking to the community to help you. you just said that the community wasn't a part ohe that it was technology that did it. and it's kind of like the day after he madthat statement, c.p.d. got another $10 million donation, when-- i mean, organizations like mine are struggling every dayhat have been shown to actually have results just to make sure people t fed, just toake sure that we can actually-- actually provide a safe place every day for mee community to co and be a community, for neighbors to come, wd intermingh neighbors and people to come and .eet people and to become a community agai we have to actually, you know, beg and borrow to make that happen. when the police department, they have all of these resources. it's clearly not going to public

schools. for every school you close, for every teach they're loses a job that's one more of these thugs or gang bangers that are created. , no, you can't lay this at the feet of the community right now. you haveo lay this at theeet of the city and c.p.d. when u remove resources what, do you expect? this is what you will c.p.d. need to tell us what happened. they need to tell us why this happened. they ois answers. this isn't for the community to take care of. it's for the city to tell us why this is happing. >> schifrin: tamar manasseh, lance williams, thank you very much to you both. thank you. >> schifrin: now, jeffrey brown has this look at a decades-old, but newly-released, short story by ernest hemingway. >> brown: august, 1944: french and allied troops marched down the champs elysees, the city of light liberated from nazi

occupiers. mebedded with the soldiers: a giant ofrican literature. 12 years later, ernest hemingway captured the mood and the moment in a short sto that bears the llmarks of his classic works. now, "a room on the garden side" irs been published for the time, in the literary magazine, s he strand." andrew gulli is naging editor. >> it starts with a bunch of soldiers and they're s in the ritz hotel and they're drinking and you cld tell that they've gone through a stressful experience because they've just marched into paris afteraris was liberated from the nazis. so you see there's all this laughter of men who would fight a battle and you know in essence relieving stress. but then there's also neath that some sadness and some pathos for the men who did not make it. >> brown: in 1956, ernest hemingway sent word to his publisher about five new short

stories he'd written: "i suppose they are a little shocking since they deal with irregular troops and combat and with people who actually kill people. anyway you can always publish them after i'm dead." hemingway committed suicide five years later, in 1961. >> if this manuscript was just submitted to me as it is i probably would have published it because it was just had a lot of typical themes of ernest hehengway's stories, that is theme of war, the theme of ery the theme of mortali nostalgia for a time had gone by. >> brown: the story reflects a nostalgia for hemingown life as a young man in paris in the 1920s, a heyd when he socialized with artists like gertrude stein, james joyce and pablo picasso. it takes place in the ritz hotel, one of hemingway's

the hotel's bar isow named after its most famous patron. kirk curnutt is a board member of the hemingway foundation and society. >> paris was absolutely crucial to his artistic sense of himself. that was the place where h found his voice. i think he always looked at the liberation of paris in 1944 as as asking himself what would have happened had paris been permanently lost to the nazis. s a very personal questi for him and i think at the end of the life as he's going back over those early years and calculating the loss of aging and the loss of his first wife he's really identifying in that period with the city itself. as a young man, he ventured to the italamn front as an lance driver during world war one. that inspired his first novel, "a farewell to arms." e captured his experiences as

an ex-pat urope in "the sun also rises," and daning the h civil war in "for whom bye bell tolls." he time he wrote "a room on the garden side" iy 1956, hemings world famous, but sliding into a deep personal spression. >> he was realuggling at this moment inadis career. heeen through two plane crashes in two consecutive days a couple of years earlier. he was struggling to finish several large voluminous proj and so i think he was in paris about this time and what's interesting to me is he was really writing the story around the same time he began writing "a moveable feast," so it's inexorably connected with what most people consider one of his two or three greatest works in a >> brown: hemingway's short story is the latest lost work to be excavated and published in" the strand" magazine. it's published previously unseen pieces by writers like john steinbeck, f. scott fitzgerald yd robert louis stevenson.

know, the kid who was bothering my mom sailing, "hey, mom, wou n't it begreat with robert louis stevenson were alive and could be discussing 'treasure island' with him." to me i love tat have bridge between the past and the presence with these writers. and it's a nice thing to have a writer who waa very talented writer to have some contemporary readers today try to compare ayeir experience reading their work tto how they felt when they were reading it, let's say, in high school, or 30 yiers ago. brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown. >> schifrin: in many urban areas across the country, "food deserts"-- that is, a lack of

access to fresh fruits and vegetables-- are prevalent. year old kevin broome reports, a cooperative of high school students in washington, d.c. is aiming to change that. pis story was produced by a it'st of our weekly education series, making the grade. >> reporter: these students are learning how to grow vegetables and other edible plants. rasha rida is a twelfth grader at eastern senior high school. >> one day i was just going to soccer practice, i was just , lking by the green house and i was l"oh my god! what is that beautiful, magnificent thing?" there was this greenhouse over and like the sun was just radiating. i it was just like, "ahhhhh." and so basicallyi just peeked my head in the door and i was like, "so what is this?" and they were like, "this is mighty greens." >> reporter: mighty greens is a eyouth-led cooperative wh mission is to improve washington, d.c.'s access to healthy food and food education.

>> d.c. is a food desert. so that basically means that people in d.c. have a hard time having access to food. whether it's a grocery store not being close engh to them or transportation to a store. ut reporter: according to d.c. hunger sns, every day in the district of columbia, nearly one out of seven households struggles to buy nutritionally adequate and safe food. kaela owens is an eleventh grader at eastern senior high school. >> i help people in my community learn how to grow vegetables or even learn how to eat healthy with the vegetables. one day maybe our city could not be a food desert. >> have you transplanted these before? >> reporter: malka roth is an educator for city blossoms, a d.c.-based non-profit ortynization that helps migh greens operate. >> it's really about creating a space for students to connect themselves, with each other, and the world around them.

>> reporter: last year mighty greens harvested over 1200 pounds of food and is hoping to surpass that this year. e >> about 50% of our prodts sold, about 25% gets donated to our partners, and then 25% gets taken home by students or used for onsite recip it's really important within this work that the s tdents know thy're growing food for semselves. >> reportedents also develop entrepreneurial skills by creating products and selling them at farmers markets. >> we have two herb salts. one's called herbs of eastern, which has kosher salt, thyme, oregano, and rosemary. we make it by dehydrating all the herbs we get out the garden xing it with the salts. equal parts each. customers are like, "oh this is really cool". and you're like oh my, that's really good, like you feel really good about it. >> reporter: this program equips students with critical life skills and gives them confidence beyond the classroom.

>> people in high school, if they have a program where they could go to and learn how to do a business. they would be able to understand those things that you don't learn in schoo i feel like if i didn't join this i wouldn't be the person i am today. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour student reporting labs, i'm kevi d.c.me in washington, >> schifrin: later tonight on pbs, "frontline" and propublica present a film about the deadly charlottesville, virginia rally that occurred nearly one year ago. "documenting hat charlottesville" investigates ie white supremacists and neo- nazis involvthe rally and shows how some of those behind the racist violence went unpunished and continued to operate around the country. "frontline" airs tonight on most pbs stations. on the newshour online right now, as emergency crews battle active wildfires, ere are ways you can help. we have a list of organizations,

in english and spanish, bs our website,rg/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm nick schifrin. join us onne and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thanyou and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches re-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> the ford fodation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide.

>> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of internaseonal peace and rity. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was thde possible bcorporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. ank you. captioning sponsored by newshour pductions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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