captioning sponsored by newshour pductions, llc >> brangham: good evening, i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is on vacation. on the newshour tonight, huge fires continue in california as crews work around the clock and evacuated residents ek shelter. then, after weeks of violentti esca along the israel-gaza border, egypt attempts to broke and,e u.s. gets older, a look at the effort to provide better training for home health care workers. >> if they could do more they would be more productive, that would justify better compensation for them which would mean that more peopled woter into the market and we will be able to a the shortages that we will inevitably face as t. baby boom ag >> brangham: all that and moreht on tonig's pbs newshour

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security.

at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was madeco possible by thoration for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank yo ea >> brangham: the toll from a powerful earthquake on the indonesian island of lombok has now soared to over 300 people. as rescuers dug out more bodies day, the island was shaken by a third strong quake in just over a week. people jumped out of their cars as the aftershock rocked the island. some tourists said they were

almost getting used to the repeated quakes. >> we don't want anybody to panic, this was a smaller earthquake than the one before. so we're just going to go back to our hotel because we need to tell them that we're still okay and we were out at lunch when it happened and we're walking back. >> brangham: the red cross is still trying to get aid to about 20,000 people who are in desperate need of help. puerto rico's government now estimates hurricane "maria" killed at least 1,400 people after it hit the island in. september 20 that's far more than the official death toll of 64. the acknowledgment came in a report from the u.s. territory asking to rebuild. more funds the storm caused widespreadta s of electricity and water, which prevented many sick and elderly people from getting life-savdical care. in yemen, shte rebels say at ast 50 people were killed today by an airstrike from the saudi coalition in the northwest. more than 70 oers were

wounded. the attack hit a busy market in saada province. many of the victims were.chool childr they were rushed to a nearby hospital, bloodied, bandaged and crying. >> ( translated ): the strike happened in the middle of the market and it taeted a bus carrying children. d r shops were open and shoppers were walking aro usual. all of those who died were residents, children and shop owners. >> brangham: the u.s. state department today called for saudi arabia's government to investigate the attack. the saudis said they were targeting rebels who had fir a missile into saudi arabia on wednesday, killing one person. the saudi coalition of sunni muslim countries, with u.s. support, has been fighting the shiite rebels in yemen since 2015. but there's widespread criticism that the air strikes often kill civilians. back in this country, new testimony today in the trial of former trump campaign chair paul manafort shed new light on his alleged bank fraud. a mortgage loan assistant fromba citize testified that

manafort lied to secure millions of dollars in loans on properties howned in new york. the charges of bank and tax fraud against manafort occurred in the years before he led thetr p campaign.s. the rmy has apparently u.s. appls court in san ancisco has ordered the environmental protection agency to ban a widely used pesticide. the e.p.a.'s own research found exposure to the pesticide, which is routinely sprayed on apples and citrus, could cause developmental and brain disorders in children. the court ruled that the e.p.a. and then-chief scott pruitt had endangered public health by reversing an obama-era ban on the pesticide. in media news, it's no deal for tribune media and the sinclair broadcast group.eg their would-bemerger, worth $9.3 billion, is over. tribune has withdrawn, and is now suing for breach of contract. it claims the conservative- leaning sinclair failed to sell off some tv stations, as required to satisfy federal regulators.

sinclair had wanted the merger to help create a rival to fox news. the trump administration unveiled new details today about establishing a so-called "space force" by the year 2020. if approved by congress, it would be the sixth branch of the military, anby a four-star general. the defense department hasn't yet calculated the cost. and stocks were mixed on wall street today.do thjones industrial average lost 74 points to close at 25,509. the nasdaq rose three points, and the s&p 500 slipped four. still to come on the newshour: on the ground in calnia where raging wildfires have dilaced thousands.e emlin responds to the latest u.s. sanctions, and much more.

>> brangha california's mendocino complex wildfire became the largest in the state's history overnight. it's now burned an area nearly the size of los angeles. special correspondent cat wise isn the ground in northern california. >> reporter: a fire of unprecedented size, but scenes of striking familiarity: a thick haze over an entire region. homes charred, evacuees at shelters. the two fires that make up thend ino complex, northwest of sacramento, are among almost 20 blazes burning across california right now.e ate is poised to see its worst wildfire season ever. >> i hate to call it the new normal but unfortunately i think it is the new normal. >> reporter: brian martin is the sheriff of lake county, california, where, at its peak, the mendocino complex displaced almost 20,ople. >> this is our fourth consecutive year dealing with major wildfires. me of the community members have been evacuated every single

year for the last four years and some members have been evacuated multiple times. we are resilient we are strong but it is challenging. t and it takes aoll on people. >> reporter: tamie hockett- majesky had to leave home in lucerne, a small town on the north side of clear lake. she grew up in this area, moved away, and came back three years ago. we met her while she was at is red cross shelter on the south side of the lake. her home was unharmed, but the hress is mounting. >> what's going pen next year, what's going to happen the year after that. i was really trying to make it a work this tiund, but with these fires and cost of living going up and everything will be affected by these fire want to move out of state. >> reporter: jeff baumgartner is the head of the red cross northwest california chapter. >> it's taxing to go through this year after year. i've met people who have lost multiple homes in last four years. our disaster cycle services team are bouncing from one event to

the next >> rorter: and how's that impacting them? >> i think you do see some level of fatiguet times. we try to recruit folks from as close by and as people get tired, we bring people from further and further distances to meet the needs. i've been saying for three years the word "unprecedented" and un're in the fourth year of that so it's no longeecedented. >> welcome to the operationa briefing f thursday august 9. >> reporter: this was the scene that incident command for mendocino complex this morning. ire supervisors received their orders for the day. they relay the information to the firefighters on the lire. in all, mohan 4,000 fire personnel are currently assigned tohis fire, and about half are on the fire lines today. firefighter travis lopes has been in the forest service for 13 years. the 32-year-old has two kids under the age of three and says he's lost count of how many

fires he's been on this year. >> you're always looking for good place to sleep and food anl time to he family. it's pretty tough to get a conversation with them because their bed time's and usually i'm back in camp after 8:00 or don't get a chance to call till after 8:00.ti somes in the morning, but most of the time it's just talking to my wife, not the kiddos. >> reporter: lopes, who says the fire activity has definitely gotten worse in recent years, traveled just a few hours to get here, from his home in challenge, california. but crews have come from 17 states, and as far as new zealand and australia.he barry james isield liaison officer for the australian firefighters at the mendocino complex. >> it's a great opportunity for us to come over here and respond to a need. 's pretty devastating what's been going on and we're more than happy to do what he can to helpout. no>> reporter: the mendoci complex has charred mostly ruggedforested land.

so the injuries and property damage aren't as severe as others burning in the state. but as people coinue to build homes in more secluded mountainous areas, lake county sheriff brian martin said they need to take note of theisks. >> i don't know if its a problem but it's something people need to be aware of. when you choose to live in a rural area when you want to be out in touch with nature you give up certain things. when wildfire hits there are additional issues you have to be ready for. >> reporter: overall, the two fires are now about 50% contained. the smaller fire is almost fully contained today and crews are starting cleanup efforts. the larger fire to the north ish ane's still a lot of active fire, especially up in the mendocino national forest area. mes there,t many h but there are several historic buildings that they're really trying to focus on t tod protect. william? >> brangham: cat, as you

reported, there are thousands and thousands of firefighters out there working in very difficult conditions. can you tell us a little bit about at it's like for them?ha >> reporter:s right. well, you could perhaps see it's smoky and hot hertoday at the incident command center. the last few days,he weather has actually helped the firefighters in some regard. the smoke that you see around me has actually helped them, because there's notbeen much direct sunlight on the ground and the sources of fuel for the fire. so they've been making some progress. but lateti today cons are actually supposed to change fairly dramatically. this high pressure tem keeping the smoke toward the ground is expected to lift. and when that happens, sunlight, the sun will come out for the first time in days and hit the ground and really start to heat up the gound. they're expecting that the fire will start to flare up again. so that's one of the bi things that they're monitoring and watching out for today. >> brangham: i understand also that the air eality is rally

starting to suffer because of these prolonged fires. what is it like there? >> well, i can tell you, i am here at the base camp, and the closest active fire from us here is about several hors away by car. and it is vervey smokyhere. my cameramen and i were out about half an hour away today in a rural area, and it was so hasmoky that we coulddly be outside our vehicle for more than a couple minutes. we were wearing our m-95 recommended mask, but it was really tough out there regionally, the smoke has been hovering over much of northern california for thest ten days. stretching all the way from the sierra nevada mountains down to the bay arespa. e a little while ago to an official from the sacramento metro air quality district, and he said that they have been monsterring really unhealthy air levels for -- since last friday.

what that means is that individuals who don't have underlying health conditions could be suspectable to health impacts even just going outside for a few minutes, and especially pregnant women, older adults, and young children, stay inside until tomorrow when that advisory is expected to be lifted. but it's been a big problem here in northern caifornia for a number of days now. >> brangham: all right. special correspondent cat winds, thank yohso much. >>k you. >> brangham: just in the last few hours, the militant group hamas, which runs gaza, and israel, agreed to a truce. b tensions hadn running extremely high. militants in gaza have been firing rockets and mortars toward israeli towns. raeli jets have pounded targets in gaza. in the last decade, hamas andou israelt three wars.

for now, both sides have pulled back from a fourth. foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin begins his story in gaza city, on a tense rning. (explosion) schifrin: in one of the densest places on the planet, an israeli airstrike hits a single building. on a busy gaza citstreet, massive bombs dropped by u.s.-e made jets shakthe ground. since yesterday,chsrael's launed more than 150 strikes on gaza. as hamas militants release video of rockets they fire from gaza to israel. hamas has fired more than 18of the often crude rockets aimed toward nearby israeli towns. it's been four years, e last gaza war, since the area has been this tense. in israel, the sound of those rockets, andhe israelis firing

back, can be terrifying. fearful families wedge themselves behind dumpsters, and try to reassure frightened children. in sderot, one of the israeli towns closest to the gaza border, a city worker cleans up a sidewalk hit by a hamas rocket. another left pockmarks on the wall of this apartment complex. more than 25 israelis have been injure some gazans have launched incindiary kites over the border, burning nearby fields, including alon, who didn't give ous last name. >> what you see us is the reality of our lives. evfyday we have like tens o fires, erupting because of balloons and kites sent from gaza and tpu message or the rpose of it is to terrorize our lives. >> schifrin: often, israelis try to find space in overcrowded, rdened shelters. in gaza, there are no shelters. one strike hit this house. the family who lives here says a 23-year-old woman and her daughter, bayan khamas, were

killed. another strike targeted a car and its driver, identified by both sides as a hamas leader. ts family said goodbye in local morgue. and another bomb destroyed a water treatment facility. the huge pipe that used to help, treat waow replaced with raw sewage. 97% of gaza's water is undrinkable, and every day sewage flows into the mediterranean. there are only four hours of electricity a day. says gaza researcher for the humanitarian orgnaization gisha, mohammad azaiza. >> i can't describe the fear in my children when they hear the bombs. i can't describe the fear in my wife's eyes. it takes us back to what happened in 2014, 2010, 2009.

we remember the crying of the stdren. we remember the ction. this is what we remember when we hear the airstrikes. >> schifrin: but for israel, the barrage of hamas rockets, cannot go unanswered, says ambassador danny danon, israel's permanent representative to the u.n. >> our strikes are measured. >> schifrin: hamas is israel believes hamas is tryin >> it will be quiet in israel. it will be quiet in gaza. that's what we told all those people who tried to mediate and bring tranquillity region. we have no reason to seek escalation in the region. wereant the israeli chito enjoy their summer vacation. we want the palestinian children

to enjoy theirsummer vacation. >> reporter: the long-term humanitarian crisis in gaza remains, by right now hamas an israel are focused on the short term, hoping tonight stays quiet to avo having to fight a fourth war. for the pbs news h for the pbs newshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> brangham: stay with us, coming up the newshour: addressing the shortage of home care workers. a survivor othe nagasaki atomic bomb visits the very town where fuel for the deadly weapon o s produced. and a book from udents who lived through the parkland scho shooting. but first, the trump administration yesterday announced w sanctions on russia. they're in response to moscow's use of a nerve agent oa former russian double-agent, sergei skripal, and his daughteat thck occurred earlier this year in britain. russia has denied any

involvement. daniel fried had a 40-year career in the foreign service. heerved on the national security council staff for both republican and democratic presidents, and during the obama administration, he crafted u.s. sanctions against russia when it invaded ukraine. welcome back to the news-hour. >> thanks for having me. >> brangham: so how big a deal with these new sanctions on russia?t >> significant that we are making the russians pay a price for their nerve gas attack in the u.k. the sanctions themselves aren't huge. they're modest to moderate, and in the first round.v there will hto be a second round or probably a second round. >> brangham: these are the bes that could end ing imposed right around our election day in november. >> yeah, the way the laws written, the first round of sanctions comes quickly, and then there is a three-month pause, and if the offending

country has not sopped or given us assurances that it won't do it again, the administration has to apply new sanctions from the menu. that menu goes from light to very heavy. so the trump administration isto goinave a choice to make. >> brangham: so there is some flexibility they have to go very strong on these or to go softer on those. >> that's right. and the waiver provision in the law says the administration will dnot be boxed in anorced to do someting stupid. nk that they're going to judge the additional sanctio based on what russia is doing, but if they... i's a significant step. the russian markets took a hit today, because sanctions are a game of expectations. are they going up? are they going dow is the administration determined? i think the russians are beginning to realize that whatever deal or arrangement they thought they had or believed they might have with

president trump, the u.s. administration is acting in this area and others to push back o ssian aggression, which is a good thing. >> brangham: so is it your sense then that these sanctions will have ancmpact andtually change russian behavior? >> that... inon't wat to be extravagant and suggest that suddenly t russians are going to see these sanctions and retreat, but certainly it shows that the russian nerve gas attack in the u.k. is not going to be ignored, that the united st ies stepped up and act solidarity with the u.k., with the european allies. that's a good thing. and it's an impornt lesson the russians that they don't have a frefire zone to start murdering their polic opponents around the world while we stand by. >> woodruff: this, of course, is coming in the midst of a very uncertain relationship with the russians. even put aside ukraine and syria, put aside concerns overe

pastdling in our elections and perhaps future meddling in our elections. this has got to be a very difficult moment for the administration to figure out how >> well, there are two levels of difficulty. one, it is difficult to know ths best way to h back against russian aggression, especially when it's in s many aras. the russians invade their neighbor ukraine. they interfere in olections. they try to assassinate people they don't like around the world. th're engaged in various corrupt activities all over the so it's to know how to rdace. work -- it's hard to figure out how best to deal wth this challenge. but there's a second challenge. you have an administration which is acting one way and a president who is speaking in an entirely different way. and have never seen this before. >> brangham: you're describing the sort of cleavage between the administration saying we'reim going toose sanctions, we're going to crack down, we're going sians, andn the rus yet the president seems

liclyetely unwilling to pub say to russia, say to vladimir putin, stop.e >>ore that know or the -- notorious press conference in helsinki when president trump met president putin, presidentp trid publicly that the problems in the u.s.-russian relations were largely the fault of america. he blamed america first. i have never seen a president d that ever. we didn't cause these problems, vladimir putin did. and to have the president go into his meeting with putin and throw rocks at his own country, it's something i have never seen. i have seen divedovernments, not a state department, defense department and evrybody wrangles, sure, normal. but to have everybody lined up on one side ad the president on another sidt i don't know wha to make of that.

it is let'say strange. >> brangham: daniel fried ofe tlantic council. thank you very much. >> my pleasure. amidst the talk of sanctioning russia, there of course remains the ongoing probe into country's interference in the 2016 election. and last night, we got a unique look at just how politic that investigation has become. msnbc acquired a secret recording of house int chairman, republican devin nunes, discussing the russia probe at a fundraiser: >> brangham: i'm joined now by ntr capitol hill correspon lisa desjardins. so what are we supposed to make of this? devin nunes has been criticizing the mueller probe for a long time. so on one level this isn'

surprising, but still, this is the head of the house intel tommittee seeming to imply th his job is to protect the president from robert mueller. >> that's what stands ot here. devin nunes, as you said, is the head of one of the most important committees of congress. his job is oversight of the most sensitive information about protecting this country that there is. that job has generally not been partisan. on the other hand, devin nunes is also someone on the stee erig commitr the trump campaign. it's an issue of how he's been balancing those two roles. t in tpe, it makes it seem like his priority is to protect and reelect theresident versus thinking about intelligence matters. clearly he's a person that can do both, but in that tape you wantoo think abut perhaps a different trump administration ficial, jeff sessions. he's also in the trump campaign. he decided to recuse himself when those two things came into conflie. that's why sessions is not overseeing the russiaig inveion, rod rosenstein is. let me play another piece of

tape from nunes about mr. roadsenstein about whether mr. rosenstein shoulbe impeached. >> that piece of tape shows he's making a policy decision and the timing of that decision is based politics. he can be political. there's nothing against a member of congress being polital, but in the high stakes of intelligence, it's something to discuss. >> yang:>> brangham: has nunes responded? >> hisn spokesperid, "it is unsurpriseing to see the irmanwing media spin cha nunes routine observations as some nefarious plot. since the media outlets spins the last year and a half out thing a non-existent russia collusion conspiracy." a lot in that statement, huh? the idea that the russia collusion charges are a conspiracy, that's debatablet sically what they're saying is this is a media vention against mr. nunes.

ly say there are broader questions within the house republican caucus, as well. senate republicans handled this differently. with the house republicans, you see a conflict between their role as balancing out the executive branch. theyre in charge of aeparate and equal branch of government versus supporting a president whose policies goals they think they can help. we've seen thiwith speaker ryan who says he will not put issues on the floor that the presidenwill not sign. democrats have done similar, too, but it's a fair question right now. >> yang:>> brangham: does it sue you that nunes put this in the context of the cominged any term elections? >> it's not aurprise, especially when you look at polling. look at the partisan difference over this issue in particular. for example, reuters asked just this month, should the muellerst ination be ending now? look at that. 64% of republicans agreed that it should end now. just 18% of democrats. b what you see is they are playing to thee on this.

and really what's amazing wiiam, even as the trump administration tries the beat down on the mueller investigation, things haven't changed. republicans still have more douse. democrats have less. what is changing is independents are less sure about mueller they by in large support the investigation, but really this kind of talk is about tking to the base, and that is exactly literally what devin nunes was doing in that fund-raiser. s, brangham: lisa desjard thank you. >> you're welcome. >> brangham: many of us say we want to stay at home as we grow into old age. but as economics cordent paul solman recently reported, the couny is facing a shortage of home care workers, the very people who can make staying at home possible. tonight paul looks at forts to address that shortage. it's part of our weekly series "making sense." >> reporter: america's homece shortage is critical and growing.

>> all right, tom. come have a seat. come sit down for breakfast. >> reporter: right now, 90% are women, who help older adults and people with disabilities get through the daily tasks of living at home the key drivers of the shortage, according to gerontologist clare luz: >> low wages, virtually no benefits, lack of guaranteed hours and lack of respect. those are the big ticket items. >> reporter: the pay? a national average of $10.49 an hour. and that's not nearly enough to make up the shortage, says mit management professor paul osterman. >> we have to find ways to make these jobs for these home aides better jobs so more people are willing to do the work.ep >>ter: on the demand side, the reason is obvious and pressing: thnumber of elderly and disabled in need of assistance is expected to double ut the next 25 years. >> it's going toremendous pressure on unpaid family

members to step in, but they're not going to be there numbers that we need. >> reporter: there aren't enough like hellen kwant, that is, who's been caring for the elderly since she arrived fromlo ia at age 22. you're now how old? >> 87. >> reporter:nd you're still doing it? how old is the person you're taking care of? >> 87. (laughing) >> reporter: hellen's daughter martha is also a home care worker. >> my m raised us to care for our elderly neighbors, so since we were knee-high to bollil wewe were taking food and helping do this. >> yeah, we adopted like a grandma! >> reporr: but, martha wonders if the rest of her fellow americans are equipped to takees in aging relat >> as a society, we're not so good about having the patience as other cultures do to have family move in, or to have that person move in with family and soften the approach to that ledge and the fall. that's not something most americans are prepared to do >> reporter: so, what to do?

in his book, "who will care for us?" osterman argues home care workers should be given more responsibilities, like managing chronic conditions, and especially more training. i they could do more they would be more productive, that uld justify better compensation for them which would mean that more people would enter into the market and weill be able to avoid the shortages that we will inevitably face as the baby boom ages. >> i'm tearing that off. i'm not touching my hand. >> reporr: at a recent session in grand ledge, michigan calle"" building training, building quality" or "b.t.b.q.," experienced home care workers were learning how to train new employees." b.t.b.q." is a state-funded pilot program to develop baseline training for homecare worker the goal is to attract and retain more people. last year the industry had a median >> we're constantly looking for

ways to retain our staff. >> reporter: participant alyssa lawrence thinks more training could lead to higher job satisfacti among her employees. >> we're trying to break that stigma you're just a homhealth aide so this way we're we're looking at trying to better educate them better train them and hopefully retain our staff a lot better >> reporter: but here's the problem: more training in no way guarantees higher pay. >> i was gobsmacked on how little they pay for this! >> reporter: after wendy martin lost her automotive job she cided to run a home care agency with her mom. if your workforce is better qualified because they've gotten the training that you're learning how to give, are they going to earn more money? >> probably not. >> reporter: the reason for thte is most lon home care is paid for through medicaid. .> the financing system is a tremendous challen medicaid has to compete with education and public safety for resources. medicaid today caps what you can do for these aides in tetis of compensaon. >> reporter: but, he says, if

home carworkers were better- trained and higher-paid, medicaid and insurance companies would actually benefit economically because patients would avoid more expensive medical care.en >> fewer eme room visits, fewer readmissions into hospitals. secondly they will save money because th could shift some work from higher paid folks, largely rses to these aides. and they will save money because they will avoid unneeded nursing home entrances. >> reporter: clare luz says the michigan b.t.b.q. program has already provided evidence of cost-saving. >> we were able to demonstrate empirically an associationtw ben this comprehensive training program and expensive client outcomes, like falls and emergency room visits. just from an economic standpoint, a business standpoint, it's foolish not to be looking at this workforce. >> your hair is very, very curly and pretty. >> reporter: henrietta ivey has

many years of experience, but she says when workers like heror carelients dependent on government reimbursements in her native detroit, the pay is still a measly $9.50/hour. >> they tell you, get skilled, get trained and weo get skilled and get trained but that money has not changed, it hasn't. >> reporter: after talking to her r a while, i wondered: could ivey cat to private clients who could afford to pay more out-of-pocket to a loving, seasoned pro like her? maybe it's that there is a big entrepreneurial opportunity. >> you've got a good point there but say for example a group of are workers say, "he let's start a home care agency. if we don't have money saved, which we don't, because we don't make any money to save anything to think on that level those are our barriers. when you don't have that money efor your basic needs, th types of ideas are just ideas for us. >> we work, we sweat, put $15 in our check! >> reporter: so ivey has become an activist with the service employees international union to press for higher wages. >> somewhere, somebody is going to sit up and say, "you know

what? we see the problem here now, it ain't that people don't want to work, it's not that m ople are not smart enough, we're not paying tough." >> i like to hear that sizzle! >> reporter: and, says, paul osterman, if wwant there to be more home care workers like nrietta ivey around when we need their services, we'll have to advocate for them too. >> we're going to need help and we're going to wonder where it is and why it's not forthcoming and we will complain. and there will hopefully be a litician who will see it in his or her interest to make this their issue. >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, this is economics co espondent paul solman reporting from michigan. >> brangham: a very unique museum in washington state tell the history of how america builo one of thec bombs dropped

in world war 2. as jenny cunningham of pbs station kcts in seattle explains, this museum recently hosted a very unique visitor. >> reporter: as part of the manhattan project during world war ii, the u.s. government chose an area near hanford, washington as the site where scientists would try to produce plutonium. the plutonium was sent to new mexico where it waused in the first test of an atomic bomb. >> when the bomb was dpped ere was the expectation that it would be so horrible that it would be the end of war. >> reporter: for a decade, the department of energy has offered public tours of b reactor, where workers processed uranium into plutonium to fuel some of the first atomic bombs. the popular behind-the-scenes look inside a nuclear site has attracted a new kind of visitor

to eastern washington. the atomic tourist. but hanford has never experienced an atomic tourist like this man. of the thousands of people who have toured the world's original large scale plutonium reactor, mitsugi moriguchi is the first person to do so. in a radiation-blocking jumpsuit. it is a startling ght that becomes less surprising when you learn why he's so concerned about radiation exposu. moriguchi is believed to be the first survivor of the nagasaki bombing-to visit hanford. when the bomb exploded-he was eight years old. >> there was a huge explosive sound. smoke started rising all over the city. >> reporter: now 81, moriguchint wa to see the place that fueled the bomb that destroyed his city. >> i came here because i wanted to know what the town that

ploduced plutonium is doing today and what is to go on doing in the future. >> reporter: moriguchi has come to make a case that the stories of bomb survivors-should be part of a new national park created in 2015. the manhattan project national historical park preserves three world war ii sites where the united states developed the first atomic weapons.vi the park s is working on aw content that will be presented at loslamos, new mexico, oak ridge tennessee and hanford. >> yes we lear going to become a national park and in nagasaki are quite worried. was it gng to become a tional park to express pride?or >> rr: moriguchi's visit was organized by two japanese- p americfessors, and joined by a college student and a film crew from nagasaki.?

moriguchi, himself a teacher fos 4o yearsager to tell students at richland high school what it was like to survive a deadly bomb. >> that makes us realize thatl you guys are rople and that you existed. >> reporter: he tried to explain to students why he was offended by their mascot painted on the gym floor. >> people walk on it! but under the mushroom cloud people died, so it is like stepping on the graves. i can't forgive that. >> reporter: students to moriguchi about the pride they feel in the school's two mascots: a mushroom cloud and "day's pay," a world war ii bomber paid for by hanford workers. >> what he doesn't understand is how much the day's pay and the mushroom cloud mean to us. it means where we were and where we are going. i'm sure it brings back some bad

stuff but there you go. >> rep this mural did trigger memories for moriguchi, including walking heross nagasaki with his mother a few days afterombing. >> there was nothing there! ert there was smoke rising and there. itas the smoke of cremated bodies of those who died. >> reporter: the city of nagasaki, which helped fundsi moriguchi's wants the suffering caused by atomic bombs to be part of the story told by the national park, which is not the current narrative. tour guide john fox, who worked for decades as an engineer at hanford, described b reactor as a marvel of science that saved lives, including his. >> it saved me from beingd drafd participating in an invasion of japan and ending up

there dead on a beach. >> reporter: kris kirby, thepe ntendent of the manhattan project national park ,said the sensitive process of furtherng develohe park will take years. that's okay with moriguchi-- he's a patient man who has spent the last 72 years telling people about the aftermath of the bomb so that it won't be used again. the next time nagasaki survivors come to hanford, he hopes they will find a national park that represents both american andne ja points of view. for the pbs newshour, i'm jennya cunningham in nd, washington. >> brangham: next week marks six months since the massacre at marjory stonemanouglas high school in parkland, florida.

17 people were killed that day. but out of that tragedy came a group of students dedicated to preventing future school shootings. two of those students, david and lauren hogg, describe their experience in a new book, "#never again: a new generation draws the line." hari sreenivasan recently spoke with them about their movement, and he began with the da immediately following the tragedy. >> i know for me i never thought i would go through aisthing like, ut those first couple days, you would think it would be so painful, and it was, but if anything it was more my whole community was numb. we were numb. we didn't feel anyanthing. that is almost worse than feeling something, because being numb is awful. i think it's worse than actually hurting, becau you're just so in shock that you don't know why you aren't feeling grief yet. that was the wost part of grieving so far. yo>> sreenivasan said one of the reasons of your response was your inability to help her. >> yeah to, have somebody soou

close toike my sister is to me and hear them cry that much to the point they canak even sor days on end, and i can't do anything about it other than just try o prevent other people from having to live through the same extreme and ry the same tears and go through the same suffering, i couldn't just stand aroundnd do nothing. i felt that i had to speak up for those that couldn't at the time. the people that you see on tv, they aren't characters. th. aren't numbe they're people. they're friends. they're daughters. they're sons. they're parents. and they're suffering. it's the sameuffering you can go through if we don't take action to end this. >> sreenivasan: your advocacy has also made you and your entire family targets. you've been called tons of names on the internet, a crisis actoro pa a operation, coached by liberals. you've managed it off. some of you've targeted advertisers froi

veryfluential critics. what's worked best to get you through this? >> laughing it off really and being around myamily and friends and having their support, knowing that what i'm doing is not trying to tak people's gun, because i wouldn't want to do that. a personal le, i wouldn't like somebody that's trying to do that because i believe in the sent. i just believe in common sense regulation. for example, you used to be able lic,moke anywhere in pub however, people can still smoke, they can go out and drink if they're not going to drive, you know, it's... there are ways to approach this where people's guns aren't taken away, andsa lives ard. it's really common sense. >> sreenivasan: david, one e of ings you mention in the book is there is a certain, you know, n rt of this reahat people are paying attention to this is that you are, u know, white, middle-class kids in florida. this has happened before to lots of people and it's continuing to

anppen. you point out that in the book that there's a disproportionate impact that gun violence has on poorer communities. >> abs i have now been to the south side of chicago and ferguson, miiouri, and the one th that amazed me most in both places was the strength and resilience and the love and compassion these people have for each other and the community. ft's so sad to see the amount o suffering they have to go through. since the beginning of this school year on the south side of chicago, over 150 kids, kids just like you were or i was or my sister is killed under e age of 21. and no voices are heard. , the medd in law enforcement, if you live on a block where thre are gangs, even if you aren't part of that gang, you get shot, it's automethodically attributed to gang violence. >> sreenivasan: one thing you anoyour brother write a in the book is this is a generation that's grown up after columbine. you've had red alert drills your entire life.

somehow we have normalized this behavior. .> i was born after columbine i was mine when sandy hook happened. i have grown up waking up ee morning it seems like and seeing these things on the news, ands the thing i never realized before this affected me, but these aren't things that just happen. these things shouldn't be happening, and that's one of our main issues with the problem. we've grown accustomed to it as a nation. >> we are coming on ther at this hour with news of a school shooting in south florida. >> until it happens to you, you don't think it's real. you don't think it's ever gopeig to hto you unless you live in some of these communities. that's the problem. i have grown up like you said owing through code red drills like every other moghnth. i thit was normal. i inner really thought, i'm sitting in this rner because there's a chance that somebody might come to my school and murder me. >> sreenivasan: while you were there in tharoom with your friends waiting for the all

clear sign, one of the quotes that stood out the you and to me was you spoke to a woman that said, "i even texted my sisters, hooting at my school, i am safe. " they both responded to the point where "omg, lol, you are funy. ." >> yes, that's the point we'wh atere people joke about school shootings. it happens so often. having one school shooting a s weuld not be normal. >> sreenivasan: you've had several legislative victories. you had a march where peop all over the world took part. it's part of the national conversation, but how do you keep this moentum going? >> the sad thing is, even ifla en and i completely stopped right now, there's still going to be more mass shootings. there's still going to be people dying every day on american streets because our politicians refuse to take action. they refuse, they want to sit become and n their complacency and take money the n.r.a.

>> sreenivasan: how are you going to meare your success in the long term. is it about getting your people into office inis mid-term election? >> i think getting ifio of that are morally justin. i'm in the talking democrats or republicans. m talking americans they're not politicians. it's human beings. for god's sake, the best way for people to understand what it's like to go through thesens situat or lose somebody that they know gun violence is close your eyes an imagine the person that you love most that you hold closest to you. and how much you love them. now i'm going to imagine that person is murdered. and you can't do anything about it. and when you speak to your politicians, they say, i'm sorry, but wean't do anying about it. and then when you speak the people, they don't care because m.ey didn't know the america needs to learn empathy and put themselves in eachr' otshoes. >> when politicians puts children and love and happiness over their pocketbooksnki thi that's when times will begin to

change. >> sreenivasan: i thi saddest parts about this book you chronicle from columbine onward so many different schoolh shootings the happened, but the worst part is yours wasn't the last on even since then there have been multiple. we want to get to an era when that doesn't happen. >> i think larger than get the right people into office and getting more people to vote, these movements have to be a cultural shift in america where we don't accept things like gun violence.c we don'tpt our children dying every day on our streets. in the book i look atf mys long and hard. i'm very honest about my past. think america has to do the same thing, but about where we are right now. that will fix it. >> sreenivasan: david hogg, lauren hogg, thank you both. >> thank you. >> brangham: nowennother instalof our weekly series "brief but spectacular."

it's where people tell us about thr passion. adam grant is an organizational psycholost at wharton business school and an author, most recently of "oion b", which he co-wrote with facebook's sheryl sandberg. in his new podcast, "worklife", grant goes inside some of the world's most unusual workplaces to discover the secret to better work. >> so i read a study not long ago which showed that highlyti cr adults grew up in family where their parents are argued more and not only argue more but argued in front of their children which as a dad, i just thought it was mething you're never supposed to do, and yet, the more i read about this research t more i realized at if you never disagree in front of your kids, they think there's one ght answer to everything, whereas if they see you argue they realize there might be multiple perspectives on a problem and they have to learn to think for themselves. it's not how often parents argue that affects kid's well-being, it's howonstructively they argue. there are a few rules for good

arguing that i like to follow. one is right, but listen like you're wrong. instead of arguing to win, you can argue to learn, and then yot haacknowledge when your opponent has a made a good point. i think most of us are terriblec at heariticism. think about what happens to you physically to tense, your body tightens up, your heart raises and you just feel like you're beiac physically ad. there's an experiment i love about how to give criticism so that other people really hear it and it only take about 19 words. you open by saying "i'm giving you these comments bec have very high expectations of you and i'm confident you can reach them." it changes the conversation, stead of saying "oh no, this person's about to attack me." the person receiving the onedback says "oh, this pe is trying to help me i spend a lot of time working with sheryl sandberg the c.o.o. of facebook and i've learned at om watching her lead. one of the things that sheryl sandberg noticed was that she climbed up the hierarchy in heca er. people stopped giving her negative feedback.wi sheryl's obses feedback in fact she's been told that she ask for too much feedback as a point of feedback.

one of the things that i've watched her do in meetings is she'll open a meeting by giving herself negative feedback out loud. saying something like "i know i talk too much in meetings and i'm trying to work on that." the other thing she often does is she'll open a meeting and gon through the ag and then go around the room and ask for every single person to give their viewpoint before she shares hers so that people aren't catering, you know, their opinion to what they think the boss wants to hear. when i was 26 i was barely out of grad school and i got signed up to teach half day class in motivation and after i committed, i found out it was going to be generals andls colon the u.s. air force. i was half their age. like they were right out of the movie top gun. i walked in and i felt like i have to establish my credentials. so, i talked about you know, all the research i've done, you know why i was qualified to teach the class and i delivered the class i could tell it was nog well. and when i read the feedback forms afterwards, it was even worse than i'd feared. therwas one guy who wrote th there was more knowledge in the audience than on the podium, there was another whotsaid i gainedng from the session but i trust the instructor

gained useful insight. it was like a dagger to the heart and i wanted to quit but i already signed up to do a second session. i shifted my approach and i walked in and i said "i know what you're all thinking right now, what can i possibly learn from a professor who's 12 years old?" then i heard a colonel pipe up, he's code name was hawk and he said "no no, that's way off, i'm pretty sure you're 13."r and afat i delivered basically a carbon copy of the same material from beft the feedbacks forms were night and day different. and i think what i learned from that was sometimes acknowledging our weaknesses uh you know, sort of admitting our limitations can actually make us stronger. my name is adam grant and this is my brief but spectacular take on feedback. >> brangham: you can watch all our brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight. on friday, beyond charlottesville: reflections on how that violent rally has changed the community and the

country over the past year. i'm william brangham.ne join us onnd again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and ruth marcus. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's where innovation begins. it's what leads us to discovery and motivates us to su it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind e working to improve the world's health, safety, and efficiency. leidos. >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com.

>> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversati a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> and with the ongoing su iort of thesetitutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by con station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at gbbh accessorg martha stewart: have you ever seen a fanciful pie

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