captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening. m judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight: vehicles, concrete and steel rain down after a bridge collapse in genoa, italy during a violent storm, lving more than two dozen dead. then, a new report implicates hundreds of catholic priests of sexually abusing victims in a decades-long scandal in pennsylvania. and, we take a look inside a so-called kindergarten boot camp, helping the youngest students transitionhe intolassroom. >> kindergarten is so foundational, and this is where children are learning to read. this is where they are learning how to interact with each other, it is the very basis of the rest of their education. >> woodruff: all that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> babbel. a language program that teaches shal-life conversations in a new language, like spafrench, german, italian, and more. babbel's ten to 15 min lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com. >> consumer cellular. >> and with the ongoing support

of these institutions: t s program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and contributions to your p station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: the prime minister of italy calls it "an immense tragedy." at least 26 people died in today's bridge disaster in genoa. john yang has our report. >> yang: the moment of horror--a ured on cell phone video-- as 260 feet of bridge collapsedi in a dng rain storm. the elevated roadway plunged 15n feet, sendcars and concrete hurtling to the ground. this man was standing ide his truck beneath the bridge. >> ( translated ): i flew for about 10 meters. i hit a wall, and that's it, i a don't rememberthing else. >> yang: the busy morandi viaduct in genoa sits on a key highway linking the city with

milan. it also connects to a thoroughfare for travelers heading west to france.al offisaid as many as 35 cars and three trucks were on the bridge wheit fell onto industrial buildings and into a nearby river. hundreds of firefights and emergency workers searched through crushed cars, mangled steel and concrete debris for bodies and survivors. some were airlifted to hospitals by helicopter, while the hunt went on. >> ( translated ): we are continuing with the rescue operations because we thin there are other people alive under the rubble.av we hextracted people from the rubble. now we are focusing on assisting the people, and later on, we will understand what caused the collapse of the bridge. >> yang: the reinforced concrete span dated from 1967. it's one of thousands of bridges built across italy in the 1950s and '60s.in rior minister matteo salvini promised that anyone responsible for the bridge failure will be

held accountable. >> ( translated ): now is the moment of relief, intervention, work, sweat and prayer. ounight will have to be the time to finwho was responsible, the names and surnames of thosel who are of unacceptable deaths. >> yang: in the meantime, searcr teamworking into the night. for the pbs newshour, i'm john yang. >> woodrf: in the day's other news, an early morning bus crash in ecuador killed at least people, and injured 22. officials said the bus struck an oncoming vehicle at hi speed, and flipped. it happened southeast of the capital, quito, in an area known as "dead man's curve." many of the passengers were colombian and venezuelan. a car plowed into pedestrians in london today, outside the houses of parliament, injuring three people. it was the latest such incent in the city. police labeled it a terrorist act.ur the crash cameg the busy morning rush hour. the driver was taken into custody, but investigators said

he had refused to talk. back in this country, president trump escalated his war of words with former white house senior adviser omarosa manigult-newman. in a new book, she claims there is an audio recording of mr. trump using a racial slur. on twitter today, the ent called her a "crazed, crying low-life" and referred to her as "that dog."re later, secretary sarah sanders was asked to guaranteeno that there iape of mr. eeump using the "n-word." >> i can't guaranything, but i can tell you that the president has addressed this question directly. i can tell you that i've never heard it. >> reporter: just to be clear, n'u can't guarantee it? >> ah-- look, i habeen in every single room. i can ll you the president has addressed this directly. he's addressed it directly to the american people. and i can tell you what the focus and the heart ofhe president is, and that's helping all americans.

d woodruff: meanwhile, the trump campaign sanigault- newman, accusing her of violating a non-disclosure agreement. we will focus on that issue, later in the program. the defense r former trump campaign chair paul manafort rested its case today, without calling any witnesses. manafort faces charges of bank and tax fraud from the years before he joined the trump campaign. closing arguments will begin tomorrow morning. a scathing grand jurreport in pennsylvania today detailed decades of catholic priests sexually abusing children. the panel found that at least 1,000 children were molested by more than 300 clergy, over many years. t, it said, a conspiracy of silence extended all the way to the vatican. >> the cover-up was sophisticated, and all the while, church leadership kept records of the abuse and the cover-up. these documents, from the

dioceses' own "secret archives," formed the backbone of this investigation. >> woodruff: we will speak with ey general josh shapiro- and a top church official-- rter the news summary. authorities in chided the offices of a major catholic church organization today. they are invtigating accusations that members of the "marist brothers" religious order molested child the raid targeted the church's episcopal conference headquters in santiago. it comes after pope francis denounced a ulture of abuse and cover-up" in the chilean church. in afghanistan, taliban fighters overran a military base, killing at least 17 soldiers. they attacked the site in northern faryab province, and claimed dozens of soldiers surrendered.bu t, in the east, afghan troops said they pushed taliban forces back from ghazni after a five-tt day . hundreds have been killed, and hundreds more have fled.

the president of turkey called today for boycotting u.s. electronic and other goods, in a growing diplomatic dispute. last week, the u.s. doubled tariffs on turkish metals, because ankara is holding an american preacher on terror charges. but president recep tayyip erdogan insisted today to h members ruling party that turkey will not give way.at >> ( tran ): we need to maintain our firm political stance. since the economic awe are being exposed to has nothing to do wh our economic realities there are other intentions behind this; we need to take our position accordingly. we will produce every product we cye importing from abroad with foreign currere and we will be the ones exporting these products. >> wdruff: the turkish lira fell to record lows against the dollar earlier this week, over tensions with the u.s. erdogan's economic policies. china is condemning a u.s. back in this country, the california wildfires have

claimed another firefighter's life-- the sixth one this year. a utah firefighter died last night battling the huge mendocino complex fire, north san francisco. separately, most of yosemite national park reened after fires forced it to close for nearly three weeks. a west virginia supreme court justice announced her retirement today, after being impeached. robin davis is one of four justices accused of misspending more than $3 million on office honovations. the state impeached all four on monday. davis said she will let a special election choose her replacement. and on wall street, small company stocks and retailers led the way.ne the dow industrial average gained 112 points to close near 25,300. the nasdaq rose 51, and the s&p 5 added 18. still to come on the newshour: exndreds of catholic priests named in anotherbuse scandal. can white house employees becl bound by non-dure

agreements? an impassioned look inside the opioid crisis and its hold on the nation. plus, much more. >> woodruff: there are new findings of sexual abuse of children by catholic priests, this time in pennsylvania. a two-year-long grand jury investigation made public today found some 300 priests abused more than 1,000 identifiable victims over a period of 70 years, and that bishops and other church leaders covered up the crimes, often moving priests to other churches, after allegations came to light.in ome cases, the perpetrators were even promoted. first, pennlvania attorney general josh shapiro joins us

from harrisburg. mr. attorney general, thank you for joining us. disturbing doesn't even begin ti do justice toreport. how would you sum it up? >> 301 orpred priests, a systematic cover-up by church leadership, more than 1,000 child victims over decades. there's no other way to sum it up other than saying that.e this is t most comprehensive report done into clergy sex abuse in the history of this country. and the 23 grandeur roars in pennsylvania put forth a specific plan on how we couldco help move oumonwealth forward with legal changes necessary, but most importantly, today was a day for sunshine. sunshine is a powerful disinfectant, and sunshine is what we got here today ithe commonwealth of pennsylvania. >> woodruff: well, we don't begin to have time to gointo the details of every one of these, but i did read a good portion of this. ome you give us just s

examples of the kind of abuse that's taken place and when it took place? de well, understand, this took place overades. again, documented proof nnvolving 301 predator priests. one priest raped d assaultedwnkf and abusve sisters in the same family. one priest so violently raped a young boy hat he had to get treatment for his back inuries as a result of that abuse, treatment that involdd opioi painkillers that ultimately he got hooked on and died from. we saw catholic priests aiweaponnizing their fth, using their faith as a tool of the a abuse, a the while the bishops, the monsignors, the cardinals covered it up. >> woodruff: when you say they covered it up, eai rd the

archbishop of pittsburgh today describing what happened during tha period pointing out t yes, what happened was terrible and horrific, but he stayed rworst of it happened e than two decades ago, and he said it was not so much a coer-up as following procedures at the time. >> bishop ik is flat out wrong. bishop zubik was fatr zubik for quite some time. he was promoted for his t role he played inv this er-up. this isn't a matter of interpretation back and forth. we not only relied on peop testifying before our grand jury over a two-year investigation, but we relied on the church's own records, the chch's own documents and what they called a secret adhive. they h trove of documents that not only detailed the abuse, but detailed the cover-up, as well, the work done by these bishops to pass these predator priests from placeo

place to get them out of one particular church where theyab weresing and put them into another. it's all documented in those secret archives. and as for the shops' claim that this was a long time ago, judy, child rape in the1970s is no different than child rape in 2018. its never something that should be tolerated. it is never something tht should be acceptable, especially inside a place of wordrship. >> wf: when you say the cover-up reached all the way to the vatican, explain what you mean. >> there were documents in the church's own secret archives where bishops notified the vatican of the predator priests, notified tplm of theirans to pass them from place to place. and we have no proof that the vatican did anthing about it other than keep it quiet, as well. >> woodruff: how do you plain that this went on as >> well, judy, look. it is inexplicable. it's my joas the attorney

general of the commonwealth of pa, the chief prosecutor, to put forth the facts, to make sure the people of pennsylvania know what occurred. to do what the grand jury asked me, which is to provide the information and thenso al provide recommended reforms so that something like this can never happen again. we did that today. it is not my job to figure outht hochurch is going to heal or what they're going to do from here. it's any job tesent the facts. and we presented those facts today. we presented facts that were buttressed by the church's very own documentation from theircr archives. imagine, that judy. they not only had these prdator priests amongst them, they not only knew about the predator middle east and what they were doing, but they comed it, andd they loc in a vault called a secret archive that the biskep had thto. >> woodruff: attorney general josh shapiro telling us just an port this truly horrible

set of stories, a story that has emerged today. thank you very much. >> thk you, ju. >> woodruff: and now we turn to father thomas reese, a jesuit priest, and senior analyst for "religion news service." father reese, as we said, horrible, horrific, you know, these terms don't do justices what does than for the catholu church? >> 're absolutely right. this report is filled with disgusting, appalling stories of abuse of children that should never have happened. you know, one child being abused is terrible, but 1,000, this isp lling. and the bishops that were e involved at thme and were covering it up and moving priests from place to place, they should never have been made

bishops. they never should have had that job, and they should havetaen responsibility for what they did and resign. thankfully the church now has in place rules that say there is zero tolerance for abuse. the grand jury only found two priests who were involved ine ab the last ten years. that's two too many, but it' not the kind of numbers that we saw from decades ago. there has to be zero tolerance r abuse. there has to be zero tolerance for cover-ups, and i think the pope recently demanded the resignations of all the bishops in chile because they wee involved in cover-ups. and i think now the church is beginning to take ths very seriously, but we have to keep them on target doingthis. >> woodruff: well, one of the people the attoey general an others fingered, pointed to in this report i the current cardinal, the archbishop ofca

washingtoninal whirl, because he was in charge of this diocese of pittsburgh, one of the diocese involved, the one that involved the largest number of priests, the largest number of incidents. what does it say that he is in a position of influence and power today? >> well, i have not rd the chapter on pittsburgh. i think the people of pittsburge and the peof washington have to read it and make their own judgment on it. i know, however, t whenever bishop whirl was the bishop oftt urgh, he removed a middle east who was accused of abuse and solv in abuse, and he was overruled by the vatican. the vatican told him to put ths priest back into member industry. and whirl would not accept that whirl objected. he went to the vatican and fought them on that, and he got them to change their mind. instances aat bishop whirls involved in, but i know of that case, where he fought toothand

nail to get that priest out of ministry, taking on the vaican, taking on cardinals in the vatican, to do so. >> woodruff: st quickly, are structures now in place to prevent, to make sure that if this sort of thing is going on today that the indivuals involved are found, that they're punished, and that as much is ing done as possible to prevent it? >> first of all, anybody, a yman, a priest, anybody involved with children in the catholic church has to go through a police background check. secondly, any accusation of abuse has to be reported to t.he poli and thirdly, any priest who has credible accusations of abuse against him has to be removed from the ministry, and a full investigation takes place. and if that information is found to be substantiated, then he can never, never be involved in

ministry aooin. >>uff: father thomas reese, thank you very much. such a disturbing story. thank you. >> very disturbing. >> woodruff: the trump campaign is suing former staffer omarosa manigault-newman for allegedly violating a non-disclosure agreement she signed when she joined the campaign in 2016. as william brangham explains, this comes amid report the trump administration has also tried to get white house staffla to sign siagreements. >> brangham: these non- disclosure agreements arely increasiommon in the corporate world, but far less so in government. tthe trump campaign allegt manigault-newman is violating the agreement with her recent accusations that the president is a racist and is suffering a ment decline. mark zaid is an attorney who

specializes in national security and these kinds of contracts. welcome back to the show. >> thank you. ngham: for people who are not familiar with what these n.d.a.s are, generally speaking, what are they for? >> sure. an n.d.a. is a non-disclosure agreement. it's a confidentiality agreemeen red into by two or more parties to set terms as to what can be discussed going forward. and it may have a set term in life or it could be as actually this document says in perpetuity. that omarosa, if she signed it, and apparently she did, that she is not allowed to disparage trump, his family, his businesses during the service of the campaign and then the kicker is and atim all thereafter. >> brangham: that wa contract she made when she was a "private citizen." there have been other reports, she told this to judy woodruff last night, that government

employees, are asking other government employees, staffers at the white h similar agreements is. that common? >> that is not common, at least in the context that we have seen it arisen within this administration. this administration has brought its corporate mentality into public service. they don't always mix very well at all. now, many of us who have worked it'ser in government or wor with government when i represent intelligence officers and military, i also have access toi clas information. i sign a secrecy non-disclosure agreement. itrtains only to classified information. i can say anything otherwise that's unclassified. when i represent people all the time who write books of their time in the c.i.a., their time in the air foe, they submit their books for prepublication review, and it's cull for classified information only. the courts have made it very clear over the last four decades

that there is no legitimate interest in the governmenin prohibiting unclassifirm inion from being disseminated some what the trump administration did in bringing its corporate mentality, they've tried in some cases, appalyre succeeded, in getting people to sign non-disclosure agreements. well, the court is a government employee. >> a government employee. the cots have alsoaid those first amendment rights that government employees possess post-employment in particular cannot be contractually given away. >> brangham: you can't sign your rights away? >> absolutely. so we'll have or omarosa will have a verym coplicated situation they don't think has ever arisen before because with this administration everything seems novel. she has signed a non-disclosure agreement that pertains to the private entity of the campaign vehicle, even the transition

team, still private, not public, that she may be responsible for what relates to that information as well as "the apprence" information where she supposedly signed an n.d.a., too. but then when she gets to her governmenter service from januay 2017 until she was terminated in december 2017, a bubble may be surrounding that. >> brangham: when she worked for the government. >> that she can disseminate and discuss anything that happenedme during her tn the white house. the arbiters i'm sure have never dealt with this particular situation before, but i think the courts at least from the way i would interpret it, that area of time has to be shielded from the n.d.a. that existed during her time in the campaign. >> brangham: mark zaid, thank you very much. >> thank you. r

>> woodruff: in w book, "dopesick," journalist and ntthor beth macy takes readers to the fines of the opioid epidemic. as jeffrey brown reports, she outlin what's fueling a growing public health crisis that's killed more than 350,000 americans in the last 15 years. it is rt of our ongoing series, "america addicted." >> brown: tess henry grew up in well-off surroundis in roanoke, virginia. her mother, patricia mehrmann, remembers her as an honor roll udent who wrote poetry at her catholic school. >> my tess was the one whoy would woery day, if her uniform-- was this right? she was very delicate, very sensitive. she s very quiet, but yet ve kind, veryentle. >> brown: in 2012, tess firs became addicted to opioids, after a prescription for bronchitis-related pain. over the next six years, her life would spin out of control to heroin addiction,

homelessness and prostitution. >> i liken it to someone you were watching just slowly drown. >> brown: last christmas eve, tess henry's murdered bodys wafound in a dumpster in a las vegas apartment complex. she was 28 years old.e >> peoe so uncomfortable talking about addiction, still. i know people still to this day who have shared with me that, ( whispering ) "their loved one is struggling. hithank you for saying som." >> brown: but they don't want to y it out loud. >> they don't want to say it out loud. and i can't tell you how often this happens, at least a couple of times a week. >> brown: two years ago, journalist and author beth macy, etfellow roanoke resident, patricia and tess. macy tells their story, and thae of many , in a harrowing account that traces two decades of one of the worst drug crises in american history. it's called "dopesick." >> i heard it er and over from

people who were struggling with opiod addiction. >> brown: you heard that phrase? >> that's the word they used. "i'm dope-sick, man," or "i was dope-sk when that happened." what does it mean? that means, like, excruciating withdrawal. they have sweats, diarrhea, chills, vomiting. and as somebody early on ithe book says, at the end of your journey, you're not doing it to get high, you're just doing it to keep from being dope-sick. >> brown: why did you take this on? >> it was just so much pain to process, what these families are going through. but this was a story i started following back when i was a newspaper reporter in 2012, and heroin had landed in roanoke, virginia, where i live, in a big way. >> brown: in "dopesick," macy focuses her reporting on communities alg interstate 81 the blue ridge mountains. >> this book is really a microcosm america told through three virginia communities. th brown: it begins here i economically distressed heart of appalachia, some four hours from

roanoke in southwestern virginia's coal country, where macy went to meet dr. art van zee, who in the 1990s, began to see an exploon of people becoming addicted to the painkilling drug oxycontin. >> it really was a tsuna of opid addiction for us in o region. and it became such a huge problem because, one, it was a very high-potency opioid. bld it was very easily abu >> brown: by 2000, van zee, an internt at a community health center in tiny st. charles, virginia, was writing desperate letters like this to oxycontin's maker, purdue pharceutical, and to the f.d.a., to recall the drug. instead, purdue continued to push it both as a beneficial painkiller, and one that could be prescribed without fear of addiction-- as in this testimonial video. >> we doctors were wrong in

thinking opioids can't be used long-term. they can be, and they should be. >> i felt that the way this wasa beineted really was fueling the whole problem. you know, we had young people becoming addicted, going into jail, overdosing, dying, families being torn apart.w, and, you kurdue is giving out beach hats, oxycontin beach ha to physicians. >> brown: and, writes macy, physicians were over-prescribing the highly addictive oxycontin. in 2007, federal prosecutors brought and won a case against purdue's parent company at this courthouse in abingdon, virginia, forcing an admission that they had fraudulently marketed the drug for years. e the important thing to families who had lost children to oxycontin overdose was they got to be here. they got to look them in the eye. and federal judge james jones, iswho still presides over court, got to hear their testimony. >> brown: the mpany paid

$600 million in fines, that were eventually divvied up between virginia's law enfcement, state and federal medicaid programs. no company executives were jailed. in 2010, purdue agreed to re- formulate oxycontin, making it tougher to crush for illicit use. >> they didn't recall it, they didn't do ma things that would meaningfully change the trajectory of the problem, until it was much too late. >> brown: around this time, the epidemic had already spread inte more affluent communities, including in macy's adopted home of roanoke, wre prescriptions and recreational drug use were leading dope-sick teens and others to relatively cheap and easy-to-get heroin and synthetic opioids lientanyl. >> in middle class, upper-middle eass america, people had money to hide it for longer. and so, it took it longer to bubble up, and because of the stigma against it, even the parents who were in on the dirty

little secret didn't want to tell their neighbo. and so, that allowed it tond festerrow for two decades before we, as a society looked around and said, "holy crap,is s everywhere." >> brown: patricia merhmann told macy of her own daughter going in and out of rehab, of her family being torn apart by the wrenching decisions on when to offer help and when to push tess away, for her own good and t sake of others.>> didn't know if, when, or ever, she would be able to come through this, walk through this. you never get to t other side, because there is no other side. once you struggle with substance use disorder, you always have substance use disorder. >> brown: beth macy devotes much of the last section of her book to the treatment of opioiddi ion. in roanoke, we watched a weekly session run by vinnie dabney, a

former heroin himself, who's now a mental health and bstance abuse counselor helping men and women in so- called "m.a.t.," medication- assisted treatment. daey's program uses the ulescription drug suboxone to reduce the paiymptoms of opioid withdrawal. it's a nec sary, but extremely difficult, process, says dabney. and many here are on their second, third, or fourth tries in the program. >> all kinds of things will happen to cause a percentage of them to drop out it's a numbers game. you know, the more that try, the more that will make it. the fewer that try, the fewer that will. >> brown: and macy writes of the ntinuiational divide ove treatment approaches. >> well, you have a lot of rehon centers that believe in medication-assisted treatment. they believe in abinence only. so you have, you have a lot of

gaps in care, in general, and then you have a lot of ideological divides at work as well. >> brown: beth macy's "dopick" is a haunting, unfinished story of over-treatment for pain, and under-treatment for the addictions that follow. >> the epidemiologists don't even think we're anywhere near the peak of it yet. you know, sometime after 2020 is when it's predicted to be. so, we're not even close. >> brown: if we're still in the middle of this story, what were you trying to do in your book? >> i'm trying to tell people how we got here, and where the holes are in this treatment o pestry. what need to do? i'd love to mobilize people st to care. >> brown: as the epidemic continues, tess henry's murder remains unsolved. her mother hop telling her ory will help others. >> i hope the legacy of my daughter's life will be that people will be able to comfortably sit down and talk

about this. >> brown: for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in virginia's blue ridge mountains. ee woodruff: in egypt this a top trending hashtag on social media asks, "does egypt have any hope left?" that question flects the dramatic changes in egypt since the heady days in tahrir square during the 2011 revolution. nick schifrin recently sat down with t author of a new book on what happened to all that hope. >> schifrin: is been five years since the largest state- sponsored massacre since tiananmen square, and possibly onrger than tiananmen. ugust the 14th, 2013, egyptian security forces opened bare on a protest tent city in the square area of cairo. at least 800 were killed. what led to that day was an extraordinary tumultuous fewin yeargypt: the arab spring. the coming to power of a muslim

brotherhood esident, a coup, athe emergence of a new soldier strongmaul fatah al sisi, who clamped down on all aspects of egyptian society. what "new york times" reporter david kirkpatrick has called, "into the hands of the soldiers." that is the name of his new book, and we are pleased to have david with us here today. >> pleasure to be here. >> schifrin: thanks for much. you spent five years in egypt. you arrived just before the revolution. you got caugbi up a little in the revolution. do you think the u.s. got caught up in the revolution a ttle bit and failed to understand some of the long-term consequences? it's important to note that the revolution was real. there wasctually a change in power, and for a while in 2011, the military, which had run egypt for the previous six decades or so, was clearly back on its heels. it was defensive.

it was responding in almost a frightened way to public will. in retreospect, we say, we for the romance of the square. it was all a mirage. it wasn't quite a mirage. >> schifrin: do you think the u.s. administration understood that? do you think the u.s. administration understood at the time what to do? >> i don't think you could eve speak about a single american policy. i think there was always a tug-of-war inside the administration, and a good part st the admition was very sceptical of what was happened in tahrir square and was acutely anxious to see hosni mubarak leave power. >> schifrin: you had a muslim you had an election. was there disunity in terms ofr wheto support mohamed morsi, who becamepresident of egypt? >> disunity is putting it mildly. i think there was a great deal ofanxiety to see a muslim

brotherhood member as president. a few montwe into he stepped in to broke ear peace agreement between hamas andh israel, and atat point i think he had really won over the administration and showed that he could work with president obama, that he was not hostile to israel, and that he could advance the interests of stability around the region. that was probably his apex i american eyes. >> schifrin: as mohamed morsi was winning over some u.s. officials, obviously there was some planning going on for a coup. talk about what was happening in egypt in terms o the coup and the mixed messages that the u.s. delivered when it ard about those plans >> certainly a lot of the bureaucracy in egypt was hostile to president morsi, including all the police, who were not doing their job in any respect and watching public security deteriorate. on the american side, as you say, mixed messages is really what emerged. when this book gave mae chance to go back and report on wamhat ica, what washington had been doing in the run-up to the

coup, you find wildly discore v deces. president obama as late as two days before morsi was removed from power was on the phone counseling him in an earnest and sincere way on how the stay in office. at the samretime, sry of state john kerry made it clear to many in the region that he had pretty much given up on morsi. secretary of defense hagel whos signed by the white house to give sterned messages to sis not to depothe elected president, was focused on building up sisi's trust and reassuring him that america would always have his back. s ifrin: it may sound like a naive question, but surely when the president gives an order, surely the administration falls in line. why the disarray? >> i think historians will take a hard look at obama's leadership sty in that respect. >> schifrin: describe what happed in the rabaa massre and what led to that. >> there was a six. >> week period between the coup and the massacre at rabaa, d i still struggle to explain toop

le what the atmosphere in egypt was like at that time. it was a hypernationallist hysteria like you've never seen. it is what i imagine have been like during the rise of fascism in europe in the early part of the 20th century, the demonization of this internal enemy.mo after the rval of president morsi, his supporters began sit-in on the model of the tahrir square sit-in that forced hosni mubarak from power. they thought rough non-violent civil disobedience they thougst they could the military from taking over, and they sincerely believed that egyptians would rally to their caus which they did not. so they had a comnity with family, children, swimming raols, amuse. , all through theadan that summer. the massacre was extremely bad. it was the kind bloodshed that is hard even to wrap your mind around. i struggled to try to measure it at the time. there were so many people dying

all around me, and i had found my way into one hospital at the corner of the square where bodies were coming in. and i ought how am possibly going to make sense of this. if i were a better journalist, a woul been making note of where they were shot, was the army shooting to shot. i ma a checkmark each time a body came in so i could track the velocity of the body, whiche was hopelesscause there with many different places re the bodies were coming in. when i left i had a notebook fullf checkmarks, and it was almost no use to try to conveyud the magnof the bloodshed that day. you said 800.e interim prime minister at that time estimated about 1,000. a lot of dead bodies in the space of a day. >> schifrin: i wonder if you can zoom out a little bit and look at the arc of egypt from the hope that so many, including you, including all of us who were there felt in 2011, to today, to the kind of police state tactics that we've seen the last time i was. there i couldn't even take out

an iphone and film publicly. what do you make of what' ppened to egypt since 2011? >> i personally find it heartbreaking. as we just discussed, i believe a real revolution took place iy 2011. i believe it was subsequently crushed. and for the west, i think it's a real lost opportunity, a lost opportunity to have a more stable gernment in egypt, a lost opportunity in terms of political islam, as well, cause there was a real debate within the movement and against the movement that was allowed to flourish during those months of freedom that was choked off, and so in many ways, i feel that we will be suffering the consequences of this for a long time to come. >> schifrin: the book is "into the hands of the soldiers." david kirkpatrick, thank you very much. >> good to bhere.

>> woodruff: of the four million kindergas heading to school this year, nearly one-third will never have been in a classroom before. pbs special correspondent lisa stark, of our partner "education week," looks at one effort underway in portland, oregon, to try and help these w students get ready. it's the latest in our weekly education series, "making the grade.oo >>morning, kindergartners. >> reporter: this has the look and feel oera typical kirten class. it's designed to get students ready for the real thing, saysin teacher donna awa. >> it's a preview to kindergarten, and so we try to make it as similar to kindergarten as possible. >> reporter: the summer program in portland, oregon runs for three weeks, helping ease the transition to kindergarten. >> put your thumb in like this, and two fingers here. >> reporter: some have nevernd at preschool. others strugglwith poverty, or their first language isn't english. the start of kindergarten can be

overwhelming for anyone, but especially for these cldren. mom suzhen li and her daughter sukey chen a taking part. let me ask you why you wanted your daughter in this program? >> she can meet the teachers and new classmates here first, and i think it is better for her to get used to the others. >> reporter: the program, offered in a dozen of portland's high poverty schools, is helping some 240 children this summer. here at the harrison park school, those participating speak eight different languages, and at least a third have never been in a classroom setting. what's your goal for the kids in this program? >> just to be confident about school.st juo know that school is fun, and it's a place>>hat's safe. eporter: students learn everything from how to navigate the cafeteri line up in the llways, use their lockers, even how to bid parents goodbye.

>> bye, bye... >> reporter:here's also big phasis on social skills, which studies show can be a major fact in early school success >> how do we make a friend? raise your hand if you'd like to share how do we make friend. >> can three weeks really make that much of a difference? >> yes, it really helps build community. the parents also feel comfortable when they drop the ds off. they know the building, they know the teachers, they know the classroom, and the kids feel the same way, too. >> reporter: sukey is settling in. >> in my class, in one day, i got a sticker! >> reporter: you got a sticker! >> two timesn a row! >> we will build connections with each other, you know, coming to school andeeling isolated. se reporter: nancy hauth ov the portland schools program. >> we know that families who are coming into kindergarten without a preschool experience reallyru le with the start to kindergarten, understanding expectations, and we know that

they also start kindergarten with a higher level of stress. >> reporter: in a study of preschool enrollment in 36 countries, the united states s near the bottom, above just three other countries. in the u.s., publicly funded pre-k. serves only about 44% of four-year-olds, and 16% of three-year-olds. education analyst aaron loewenberg says that's a problem.t >> it's import realize that while these summer programs are definitely helpful with the transition to kindergarten, they're not a replacement for high quality pre-k. high-quality pre-k. is also going to help them build the academic and social, emotional skills that will help them be successful once theyet into the kindergarten classroom. >> reporter: those in portland agree, but in oreg, there are limited state- and federally- funded preschool slots for low- income students. so the district packs as much it can into these three weeks. >> kindergarten is so foundational, and this is where

children are learning to read. this is where they are learning how to interact with each other, and they're gaining huge math skills. it is the very basis o of their education. >> reporter: getting young students excited and ready forga kinden is only part of the summer program. another key element is getting their parents ready as well. >> so, welcome. >> reporter: parents gather for six mornings over the three-week program. to make it easy, there's food, chdcare, and translators. it's all to encourage parents to be an active part of their children's education. that's critical to student achievement. the program allows parents to get to know each other, build their own support systems, and connects them to the school. here's principal leah dick h. >> it realps parents feel they have a voice and that they know answers, and they're not dljust coming into this bl

i think we forget, with parents, oftentimes have kindergartners that they have never done this before and it's just as scary for them ait is for their students. >> i was a teach in china before i move here, so i know that school and the family, is a very good bridge to get it together we need to know each other to help the kids grow. g >> today we'ng to talk about the school calendar. >> reporter: the school staff stresses attendance, howo critical it ist students to school every day and on time. nationally, about one in ten kindergartners is chronically absent.'s it a big concern, and in oregon, the numbers are even worse. >> ultimatel we're trying to ange behaviors in both parents and in kids. >> reporter: researcr beth tarasawa has analyzed portland's early transition program, and says students who attend are less likely to be absent, not just in kindergarten, but

through third grade. >> so when you're seeing promising results in the very population that we're trying to reach, that we've struggled to, historally, in our public school system. that is something that is very noteworthy. >> reporter: s also looked at early reading skills and found mexed results. in most years, sprogram participants showed more growth than their classmates. in other years, they did not. a we can't expect a three-week program to come eradicate what years of poverty and trauma, potentially, in the kids' lives, have exposed them to. but those first few years, without this iervention, could ok a lot different for these same kids. >> reporter: many districts make efforts to ease the entry into kindergarten-- maybe an op house, or meet the teacher event-- but few districts have as extensive a program a portland's. at about $14,000 a school, supporters sayt's a relatively affordable way to help families hit the ground running on that first day of kindergarten.

>> se"f you can find any more" e's." >> "eee!" >> reporter: for the pbs inwshour and education week, i'm lisa starkortland, oregon. de woodruff: in sports news, thh of a university of maryland football player earlier this summer has prompted a numberf investigations. as amna navaz explains, much of thatscrutiny has focused on some have called a culture of abuse within the school's football program. >> nawaz: in may, 19-year-old offensive lineman jord mcnair was hospitalized after he had trouble breathing and standing upright during practice. he died two weeks later, his family says, of heatstroke. his death sent shock waves through the college football world and raised questions about how, and how quickly, the coaching staff responded.

this afternoon, university of maryland president walce loh said that while the investigation is still ongoing,e mistakes were n how jordan was treated, and he pledged complete accountability. eram joined by john feinstein, a longtime sports wrand author of a number of books on college athletics. thank you for being here. >> my pleasure, amna. wi nawaz: we heard wallace say the buck stoph me, we accept moral and legal responsibility here. what did you make of that statement especially now before the investigation is even over? >> i found it remarkable that wallace loh basically said tha he had told the parents we are legally and morally responsible for jordan's death. there's going to be a lawsuit. i mean, they've already hired a lawyer long ago on this. now, the question is has maryland agreed to settle very quietly and that's why he's willltg to publicly admit f on behalf of the training staff? he made a point of separating the training staff from the

coaching staff, because he saivd he belthe head coach, d.j. durkin, is entitled to duepr ess and has appointed a four-man commission to investigate, but the strengt coach, who is at the mddle o much of this, resigned today, clearly told he had to resign. he didn't get e process. whether he deserves it or not, he didn't get it. it's a very complicated case. ouof course, the focus be on the tragedy of jordan mcnair's death. >> nawaz: it is complicated indeed. the head coach remains on administrative leave at th time. the strange staff, this young's man death it seems was comeev leadsly entable. the family lawyer believes it e s from heat stroke. reports say whent to the hospital, he had a body temperature of 106 degrees. heat stroke is basic protocol. b you bring tdy temperature down. you put them in cold immersion. what does it say to you that the training staff didn't see it? >> it's impossible to knw withouting with there exactly

what occurred, but as you said, heat stroke is -- death by heat throke is very preventable if you can get e body temperature down to 102 within 30 minutes, which is plenty ofme if, as you said, they ice or do whatever is necessary. apparently they didn't do that. it was still 106 when heot to the hospital. more than an hour after theta occurred, again according to the 911 records. but that's why the training staff is clearly being thrown under the bus fra nkly byllace loh. they may deserve to be thrown under the s, butyou wonder, because there were coaches present, including d.j. durkin for this workout, how in e world maryland can eventually walk away from this with d.j. durkin still as the head coach. >> nawaz: so thotre's af focus on the coaching staff. because of the scrutiny from jordan mcnair's death. teammates have ce rward a said, there is a culture problem. it's toxic. there is a lot of verbal abuse, mockery, belittling of players.

you cover a lot of college football. you've seen a lot of teams through the years. was it excessive in some way based on tports you've seen? what's different? >> if the espn report was true, and they were th ones who broke the story, then it was clearly excessive. there was emotional players who,0ñ didn't perform wo forced toer in the shower room. players who were forced -- who were overweight, they had to ea cars to humiliate them. players who were underweight had to eat until they threw . football is a macho sport. players are pushed and challenged, particularly by the stngth coach who they work with almost every day, even during the off season.st usuallength coaches are as close to the players as anybody on the staff, but there is a line. there is a line between pushing someone to do their best to get better to push themselves to the limit, and going over the line. and the best coaches are the ones who know wher line is. it appears, apprsased on

what we know, that there were coaches at maryland who didn't see that line and went over it. and did that lead to jordan mcnair's death? who knows. but it certainly is something that has to be looked at. >> when you look at this big picture, i was a college athlete myself. i know what it is to doex three-a-days ieme heat, to have your strength coach riding you, coaches yelling at you, tuff at you. where is that line? when you're pushing athletes the peak performance, how do you know when you've got too far? >> well, the best coaches understand that what you can take might be different atan can take. and each player is an individual. his level or her lev is different emotionally and physically. they get to know the kids as said very well some you might be able to take something that i can't. but are also coaches who aren't as goodat their jobs or as smart and againthemacho mentality comes in, particularly in football, where you're expected to play hurt. there is a difference football players will tell you between being injured and being hurt.ur if you're in, you can't

play. if you're hurt, you're expected to play. through pain and through broken bones often. and that is where that macho mentality comes in, and being a le to undstand that there are limits is a key to being successful as a football coach. and the thing is, if you're a successful football coach, you can get away with almos anything. d.j. durkin 10-15 in two years at maryland. a player has died on his watch. i doubt he'll survive. >> nawaz: john feinstein, thanks for your time. >> my pleasure, amna, thanks. ha >> woodruff: and tt's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. ain rightnline, and here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and we'll see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> financial services firm raymond james.

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narrator: africa, our homeland. [whistle blowing] this is where it all began. we are all africans. but when our species emerged, there were other, ancient types of humans still living in africa. [forest birds calling] what part did they play in our evolution? did we interbreed with them and produce hybrid children? man: this sample made mankind much older than what the scientists had been theorizing for years. woman: variation is key to evolution. it's what evolution works on, and it exactly why hybridization is such a powerful evolutionary force. second man: it's a story of many first peoples,