hello, everyone and welcome to amanpour and company. will politics as usual be a decisive moment for the me too movement? plus, as the president hopes to broke a middle east fades, our exclusive interview with the head of the united nations on that and other major global challenges. and then, why we should be a bit more skeptical about embracing millionaires. speaking with anand giridharadas about his new book.

and khaled hosseini on r. >> announcer: she had bigger dreams and those dreams were on the water. a river specifically. multiple river that would one day be on the uniworld boutique river cruises. bookings available through your travel agent. for more information, visit uniworld.com. additional support has been provided by: rosalind p. walter, bernard and irene schwartz, sue and edgar wachenheim, iii and cheryl and philip milstein family.

and by contributions to pbs stations like you. thank you. welcome to the program everyone. i am christiane amanpour in new york. north korean leader says he will close a missile facility. it is a rare concrete pledge months after president trump declared that the nuclear threat was over. the white house is entering a critical week for its foreign policy. as world leaders begin to descend here in new york. not only north korea but the middle east where president trump still has not presented his peace plan. of course iran where washington is working diligently to undermine the nuclear deal that

president trump pulled out of. antonio guterres joins me now in the studio. welcome to the program. as i said, all of these issues fall right under your agreement. do you agree that what just happened in pyongyang between the two korean presidents is significant. do you believe that one of the great task is to prevent war. that what has just come out of the meeting moves the ball forward? >> i am hopeful. two korean presidents wanting to have a normalization if that name is adequate. two koreas recognizing it is an essential element. and then we enter into the

negotiations between the united states and the democratic people of korea. and i believe what was done by president trump being ready to talk to the leaders of north korea was very important. we know this will be complex. it is not the first time negotiations taking place. but this is a time of hope that is extremely important. and we need hope. >> trying to move these diplomatic issues forward. are you saying that actually this negotiating style of the president is paying dividends, is paying off? >> well with my experience when i was in government, we had terrible problem about water management with spain.

and the problem was solved when two prime minister solved it. there are problems that are so complicated, it is very easy for bureaucracies to get lost in details that if there is not a strong push from the readers, it is never going it happen. i see the two leaders committed to the process. and i know it is difficult. but essential for world peace. >> the idea of stopping at least one nuclear threat. now, president kim jong-un has said that he is open to allowing international inspectors to watch any dismantling. does that mean your inspectors, have they raised that possibility? are you aware of the invitation? >> the worst thing we can have is parallel initiatives, there is a central issue.

it is negotiations between the u.s. and north korea. of course china is an important partner, south korea is an important partner, japan, the russian federation. the central negotiation is this one. and i think we should be here to support. not to have parallel -- >> yeah, but the iae are important. >> we believe the two parties need to define the verification needs to be established. based on what the two parties will agree, we are ready to do our role. >> i want to know whether you have been asked. >> i want to know, because sometimes kim jong-un says things that don't bear fact and reality. have you been asked to send in the inspectors? >> not at you will, not at the present time know, and our position is clear, we believe

that the center is a negotiation between the two countries. we are not going to complicate two things. there is an anecdote in my country where a group of students were helping cross an old lady crossing the street. she didn't want to cross the street. and here we are to help. very complex process. >> how about this humanitarian catastrophe that is also in this region, the rohingya refugees. who are now in bangladesh along the border. you visited them. and you got a personal look at the suffering and all of that. but just this week, the united

nations has released yesterday, a fact finding report calling for generals in myanmar's military to be tried on charges of genocide. >> this is from our human rights. >> correct. >> i know the rohingya story. i went twice before this last crisis. there is no population in the world that i have seen more discriminated. >> sitting in makeshift camps. >> no nationality, they have no rights. they could not move. they could not marry without permission. no access to education or health or to jobs. it was a population that was completely segregated in the country and then we all know the reports that were given by those that suffered.

they were victim of an ethnic cleansing, messy operation in which we had all kinds of rape, and people -- unmanageable. and now it is crucial to establish mechanisms of accountability. and it is crucial to put all pressure in myanmar to make sure that conditions are created for these people to be -- >> and the call for them to be tried on charges of genocide. >> these are areas that only courts can decide. we believe that there are serious crimes that were committed. it is up to court to decide what kind of name, what kind of crime was committed. but we are always in favor of mechanisms of accountability and we have always encouraged both the work of the icc and the

work, and the need for the council to refer to the icc. >> obviously and we know this, her image as icon or the world for human rights and democracy has been tarnished progressively each year of this rohingya crisis. and where do you stand on this? she could use her voice even if she says i am not the military leader, i am not the president, but many believe she could use your position as a civil rights icon. >> it is difficult for me to understand the political system in myanmar, it is not democracy. and it is clear that the military are in charge. i have seen many times, i have several contacts with her and different moments, we came to an agreement on what should be done. and it was clear then that she had not the capacity to implement it because the

military wouldn't let it happen. we were all expecting that at least she would be able to be more assertive in the relationship with the military. but it is for me difficult to judge someone really sad because she hasn't stood up for the journalist in jail. >> that was a very sad thing. >> and people are starting to figure it out. >> we are doing our best to convince the authorities that they should be released because they feel they have done anything wrong on the con traditio trar trar -- contrary. i don't want to be a judge. i was hopeful when she was elected and i don't want to favor the military in the

internal political situation. but it is true that i would like things to have been different. and i would like situation to be able to play a positive role. >> we all hope so. we are waiting still. >> but we are not moving in the right direction. i think it is important to say things are not being done sufficiently. >> then or around the world? >> in myanmar. still displaced people that are in terrible situation. for people to be able to return a massive investment needs to be made and we have not seen it. there has been progress, positive discussion, agreements being signed but not yet action on the ground as it is needed. >> another area of this often being under the spotlight and takes up a lot of the u.n. time and space is the middle east situation. and the peace process is fading.

you can see the increased drama and conflict between both sides and president trump as i said has not yet produced the peace proposal. at the same time withdrawing tens of millions of dollars of civilian and humanitarian aid only from the palestinians. for americans, what is that aid? i understand it is for civilians, for peace building. what is the effect of withdrawing aid to u.n. projects and other such projects? >> well we have a united nations relief and works agency which is the agency that provides support to refugees. education, health, support to poor families and that has been in my opinion an important stabilizing factor in the area. we talked to millions of people who have they were abandoned

would not only be in a terrible position themselves and the support, and other forms of behavior that would naturally dramatically complicate the situation. we are making an effort to keep the schools open and keep the hospitals open. imagine that we would have to close the schools. >> who steps in? if the u.s. pulls out, what steps in? >> we have had support from many european countries but not yet there. imagine if we have to close the schools. we decided to open the schools even if we were not sure to keep them open until the end. in the beginning of the schooling year, it would be a dramatically devastating impact. a serious security impact. all of these children will be

abandoned. >> so by pulling the money, it is not punishing hamas. >> to preserve the support to these refugee community and i do believe that that is a factor of stabilization to the country. >> this peace process. i want to play two pieces. jared kushner and john bolton. >> the united states is prepared to support a peace agreement in any way we can. we believe it is possible for both sides to gain more than they give, safe from danger, free from fear and able to pursue their dreams. >> the united states will always

stand with our friend and ally israel, and today, reflecting congressional concern with p palestinian attempts, the department of state will announce the closure of the liberation office here in d.c. >> do you believe as a former political leader and as the u.n. secretary general, this is the way to achieve peace. >> what i believe is the only possible solution is a two-state solution. i am a strong believer that a one state solution is possible, but i don't think israel can accept it. and all other situations would be a terrible violation of human rights or to put into question, the democratic nature of the state of israel. i am a strong believer in the two state solution. and for me, it is important to

bring israel and palestinians to discuss it. many attempts, many have failed. we will do everything we can to bring palestinian and israelis to try to reach the only possible solution in my opinion can preserve the solution of these two people. >> we will see how that goes. so far as they say is dead in the water and not sure where it is going to go despite your best efforts. >> you can never give up. remember, it is team work. for decades, people thought there was no solution. we always thought the self-determinations and in the end it happens. let's persist in trying. >> let's hope because peace is important. let me ask you though about never giving hope and leadership

and global challenges. the united states has been for better or for worse the global leader for the lest 70 years, the entire international world order was built by the united states. peace, prosperity, economic groats a growth and alliances. this administration has a different view of that. maybe going towards adversaries bilateral agreements, becoming very transactional, how does that shape the course of world peace, alliances and the mechanism that has kept this world going for a long time. >> i am, and i have always been a strong supporter of rules based order, and we have in relation to the united states a pragmatic position which is there are things we disagree and still many things that we can cooperate. and i would like to say in many

of the problems that we face, the west has been constructive in support of the u.n.'s role. for example in yemen. in syria, we believe the united states can play an important role. we are in favor of the engagement of the united states. in libya, united states has been supportive. >> what about pulling out of the iran nuclear deal? >> we have always said we understand the concerns that exist about the role of iran and the region in many aspects. the questions about syria and iraq, et cetera. we always said we believed it was a positive thing. and there are areas in which we disagree, but important to avoid disruptions in the relations between the u.s. and to seek the possibility to take profit of all opportunities

for a meaningful cooperation. >> you are a man of hope and a diplomat. >> five very tendentious. >> i have to be a bridge between them. >> so where is your hope when it comes to the climate? that is another thing that the majority of those 196 countries did sign on to. and now president trump has pulled the u.s. out of it. you said we may be approaching the point of no return. >> i am worried about climate change. the paris agreement was clear. the objective was to make sure that the end of the century the temperature would be below two degrees. and if we don't actively reduce the levels of emissions that we

will have, we make it impossible to reach the target. so i might say my main concern is not what the u.s. government has done. because i see a huge response from cities from communities and probably the u.s. will be able to meet the targets that were defined. >> i was told by jerry brown, that is becoming difficult and they are lagging behind. the government has to help. >> the same is happening everywhere. even countries signing the paris agreement and remains committed. we are not meeting the commitments made in paris and it is essential to increase the ambition because all the forecast that we made have

proven to be reality. and last three years, the three hottest years. this year is the fourth. we have 18 years in the 20 last years. and at the same time we see for the first time this solid icecap between greenland and arctic was broken. we see things moving very quickly and we don't see enough political real to be able to have the ambition that is necessary to be able to control climate change. it is today probably my most important priority because this isn't just about the crisis in one place or another, this is the threat to the survival of our climate. >> which no doubt you will communicate to all the members. thank you for joining us. >> thank you very much. >> in a moment i will talk to

the author khaled hosseini. he is a goodwill ambassador. and just written an ode to all of those who risked it all. first to this new story. it is now on contentious ground. after the president said that brett kavanaugh's accuser must be heard, republicans in congress are playing hard ball with her saying if she does not show up to testify on their appointed date, they will go ahead with confirmation. kavanaugh denies the allegations. her lawyer says she wants an fbi investigation to level the playing field. >> she has been dealing with hate mail, harassment, and death

threats. she has been spending her time trying to figure out how to put her life back together. the hearing should be a result of the investigation. and shouldn't be a substitute. >> joining me now from washington is the former federal prosecutor laura coates. >> it is very much in jeopardy and hangs in the balance. you are going to have a divide. to figure out if somebody who is nominated by the president of the united states is in fact qualified and should be voted on by the entire senate to get confirmed as the next supreme court justice. they are going to have a split about whether or not they have enough information about the allegations that have been

levied against bret kavanaugh. really befuddling to many people and the constituents who would be voting for the senator. more importantly, you have the notion that it is difficult to conduct an investigation that needs to be thorough and comprehensive in less than a week. somebody who is currently a prominent judge in the d.c. circuit court of appeals largely regarded as a steppingstone to our supreme court. >> as you point out some of the pitfalls there, we are reminded back in 1991, the anita hill hearing, the clarence thomas confirmation where it was later revealed that the judiciary

committee did not allow the time. she has written an op-ed where back then the phrase they just don't get it became a rallying call. and not getting it isn't an option right now. the senators must get it right. she said this on abc this morning. let's listen. >> we're not talking about whether the conditions are ideal. we are talking about whether the conditions are actually tenable. whether or not it is going to be anything more than just a sham proceeding so the senators say we gave her a chance to talk and move on to do exactly what they were going to do before she came forward. >> so many things that is packed in there. bob corker tweeted after

learning of the allegation, chuck grassley took immediate action that both had the opportunity to be heard. if we don't hear from both sides on monday, let's vote. that is throwing down the gauntlet. how politically tenable is that in this particular time, the me too era? >> there are so many parallels to be drawn with anita hill. the he said/she said dynamics do not play well in the committee. who was talking to her in a d denigrating way. all of these sorts of things happening here and now we have this discussion about how magnanimous, all of the gesture being made to say we are bending

over backwards to ensure she has a fair hearing. notion if you have the ability to have an objective independent agency, that being the fbi, the arm of our department of justice to be able to conduct inquiries into a real gap and a problem into somebody's background, why wouldn't you take the opportunity to do so unless there is some other reason to hastily put that forward. and the reason behind that why people shouldn't lose sight of this. trying to bend over backwards to give her this due process right, to have her case be heard is because in a few weeks we have the supreme court's next coming. which means that the conservative revolution that was expected by donald trump, the president of the united states

and those supportive of him, that they were guaranteed by happen happen stance. if kavanaugh is not confirmed by the deadline, then you have a position where you may have a split between liberals and conservatives on the bench. when means the benefit of the doubt would no longer be the galvanizing support. while they are talking about we would like to have you be heard, it seems to be a forgone conclusion with people like corker to say we want to hear you, but we have zero intention of allowing this to be a full throttled investigation into his credentials. >> let me ask you about the full flolg throttled investigation. some senators have said, the

investigation is not an fbi role, but a role for us, the congress. what is the fbi's role, its duty in these kinds of issues, i understood that most political appointees have to have fbi background checks. >> exactly right. the fbi's role is twofold, they are the investigatestive arm of the department of justice. assuming there is not a statute of limitations period here that allows to bring allegations against him, their role is not about investigating a federal crime. the role becomes the background investigation. and he has had different positions either in the george w. bush investigation and other prominent positions.

the fbi's role is not to casually vet the person and confirm. typos or that the professional references check out. their role is to figure out what are the skeletons in the closet that would make this person compromised, potentially compromised or prove they are compromised to make an objective and cogent decision. the background investigation is always done, it has always been done. the controversy here is whether or not the fbi should re-open the already closed background investigation that they would feel they hand it over to the president and his administration. this is somebody who has already passed background checks, we have a he said/she said. if there is for example, had kavanaugh's last name, they

found out later on that he uses a c as opposed to a k, they would look into financial records all over again. in many ways being made aware of a controversy or allegations is but a reason to supplement of an already existing background support. so when people look at this issue about whether or not the fbi in their purview, it is in their purview to supplement that of which they find a problem or a point of interest in the administration. >> and briefly laura, politically, or legally, do the democrats drop the ball here? they knew these allegations for many many months now. why bring it up eleventh hour.

>> it is a fair criticism. the time line as opposed to bringing information that she had, senator dianne feinstein about this issue and given the opportunity, and due process is for the benefit of the accused. he also has not had the opportunity to do so and address this claim and instead it is looming ahead of him whether or not he will have the opportunity to do so if the accuser comes forward and testifies. in many ways due process has been compromised, however, the motivation and the intent that you have to judge. and perhaps it was the anonymity of the accuser that rules the day, and by the way, there is only a lot of credibility and credence that can be attached to the testimony now that she has come forward, perhaps the time line must shift. in any event there is still an

opportunity to rectify and have a hearing, and the only reason this is the eleventh hour is because the committee has chosen the twelfth hour. as well as the supreme court docket beginning is their actual motivation. >> an extraordinary situation playing out. thank you so much. >> thank you. >> now is there anything wrong with trying to do good? author anand giridharadas has spent plenty of times in elite circles. so stepping on the stage to tell his colleagues that their efforts to change the world are

harming it is a brave move. what is wrong with philanthropy. he spells it out in a new book. >> thanks for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >> let's start with this thesis of yours and explain it in something that happened recently, the jeff bezos, the richest man in the world, says he is going to focus his philanthropic efforts on two things, homelessness and dealing with low income kids' education. >> jeff bezos is joining the ranks of the winners of age giving. giving the majority of their assets away, but not just billionaires, it is every young person on these elite college campuses who want to change the world and go to africa and

volunteer. we live in an age in which elite graduate or all the way up to the richest man on earth are consumes to making a difference, but often they do so in ways that are designed to avoid threatening their own privilege and preserve the systems that keep them on top and if you are the richest man in the world who has built the most innovative company on earth, you can start to ask questions. why do we have homelessness in america, why do we have an education problem for poor kids if you start to ask yourself questions like that as a billionaire, you might say we have homelessness in part because if you don't pay people enough, they get evicted. that is one source of homelessness. we also have homelessness because a lot of companies in

america don't pay the full measure of taxes that they ought to pay. >> so through amazon, what are the steps that he could drive amazon to take to get to the root problem instead of the symptom. >> frankly go broader that why is it as a society that we are able to pay people so little that they can work four jobs and still make it, have it hard to make ends meet? and that is happening on amazon but also across our economy. why don't we have a higher minimum wage? unions have been bludgeoned. thinking how you rebuild that and thinking about how you help reinvent and push back against those who try to destroy unions

that is the general thing that you don't see rich people supporting. because it will come at the expense of their own interest. >> one of the line of things is saying we are coming in to try to fill a gap that the public sphere has failed, we have these children that are having disparate outcomes in education because of the schools that they went to, right? and they are saying i am not the department of education but still want to help these kids. >> rich people have through their business lobby through their companies and personal campaign proposition has fought tooth and nail for a government that regulates less. social problems the government doing nothing about. guess who comes along and says, what a shame, the government can't do anything, let me do it. >> there is an excerpt from your

bach, it says many millions of americans feel one thing in common, the game is rigged. the system in america and around the world has syphoned the game upward. no wonder turned more resentful and suspicious in years. did the president tap into it? >> i think he tapped into the intuition that all of these elites claiming that everything was going to be fine for people didn't match what was going on in peoples' lives and he saw it and spoke it it. he wasn't just the exposer, he was the exploiter. who moved those jobs from youngstown oversees. instead of doing that, he turned arpd t around the anger and said

muslims, got to get angry about the muslims or immigrants or the way he denigrated women. and then finally, the exposer, the embodiment. he came into office talking about fighting for the common man and even after everything he said in the campaign, he could have come into office and built things for america. he could have built bridges and put his name on it. instead he used his time in office to enrich himself and promote his own hotels and agrandized the name trump while pretending to fight for others. and that tendency in our country did not with begin with donald

trump. i find it fascinating this conversation now about who will be the saviors from trump on the left. we talked about howard schultz, michael bloomberg. whatever you think of those people, look at yourself, what is it in us that gravitates to these billionaires sugar daddies and sugar mommies when we feel scared in our society. i am trying to point us to cultural tendency that is not about party. we don't look for mlks initiaan. or look for people who can organize like cesar chavez, we look for people who are rich as a measure of character who can save us. we need to stop waiting for

tickle down change. >> somebody is going to come back and say i am giving opportunities to people who never had them. i am not their government, i can't change the things or i can help these things. or providing malaria nets, hard data that shows quality of life is improving. what is right with that. >> it is better to help those girls than not. the marginal act is good. what i'm concerned with is the system in which you are raping and pillaging economically, paying people as little as you can. paying few taxes as you can. routing your money to an irish sandwich tax maneuver to avoid paying your fair share of taxes. you do all of those things and donate to this charity and get a tax deduction for it.

you did all of those things to avoid the government having money. you are part of why those kids that you are trying to help in inner city detroit, part of why their lives go the way they do because you refuse to employ their parents in a steady way and give them proper benefits. what i am advocating is not allowing a single gesture to define them but asking were you involved with the problems and how could you get your whole life, your regular life on the side of justice not just your side hustle. >> what is your whole role in this, you are a thought leader, but what are you willing to sacrifice, what have you identified as your role in this system. >> i spend a long time thinking about whether or not to write

this book. it is not convenient to criticize the powerful people in the world. not convenient to criticize the people who have made philanthropic gifts to the news that i work for. society makes enormous, can make very bad choices for long periods of times because of something as flimsy as myths because of a belief that is actually so, so ethereal that mark zuckerberg looks like. i look at this country and think we have all been hoodwinked by a story of what change looks like that simply is not true.

>> versus other stories of change that we do know for. the civil rights movements, the voting rights. >> if you ask yourself, anybody listening to this, ask yourself, what did you do today and how many of those things would you not have been able to do 50 or 100 years ago. many of your viewers may not have been able to work in the job they do because of their identity, they may not be in this country depending on policies, they may not have been able to vote or sit at a restaurant counter, and how did we change all those things. why wouldn't you have been able to do those things today? you were able to do things because people organized, marched, fought, spoke truth to power, and sacrificed and forced powerful people to concede what was dear to them.

they forced, sacrificed or overrunning power to do what was right and we lost the whole vocabulary in a blizzard of vocabulary about leverage and efficiency. it doesn't actually comport with what it takes to advance social progress. >> what are the solutions that those individuals and others should take? what are steps that they can take now either in policy prescriptions or lobbying or sacrifices that they can make that will be much larger than this systemic issue. >> i write about b corps, companies that voluntarily certify themselves as not being evil, not being predatory, they pay people well, they respect the environment, and don't cause social problems.

that is great. elizabeth warren has a proposal to require every company, and that may be too far. give a tax break to companies that don't dump social problems in our lap, that is an idea. think about civic participation again. there is another thing, i think for young people, when young people see a problem in the world that they want to do something about, they have been trained by this business culture of the last generation to think of private busiy fixes, you see a problem, and you say i am going to start a charter school. we need to shift our orientation, think of what a public democratic universal and institutional solution would be.

what would solve that problem at the root and for everybody. we absorb their tuition debt as a society. let people who teach, or serve on county council or work as activists let's absorb their tuition and people who want to work in finance, great for you, you may be able to pay for your education. in every age it has its own kind of temper. and i think we are, part of what we are arguing is we are living in a world which we have over indexed on private endeavor. created amazing things privately. i don't think anybody would say we have enough great companies in america. we haven't come up with enough stuff. the problem is that we haven't made all of that work for regular people so we have not just innovation but progress, if

progress is defined as most people getting ahead. and i think the temper of this time that is coming and the time i would say the post trump era, is it needs to be an age of reform. we are simply due for another age of reform. thank you for joining us. >> thank you so much. >> throwing down a major challenge and we wanted to end on nonpolitical reflections. we go back to a single image that forced him to think about the global refugee crisis. it was this image, the young syrian boy washed up dead on the shores. khaled hosseini, his latest beautifully illustrated by dan williams, he is joining me in

the studio. we started talking to the head of the united nations you are a goodwill ambassador, how difficult is it doing your job, lobbying for these dispossessed at this time. >> as a goodwill ambassador i am concerned this tide of anti refugee sentiment. a lot of it is based on a misconception a misunderstanding of who refugees are. a misconception is that they want to invade western shores and take western jobs. 85% of them live in places like jordan and lebanon and iraq and

y -- >> you have brought a human dimension in the form of this sweet and beautiful book. u made very, very certain not to make it a political diatribe. i want you to read a couple of pages. >> i look at your profile in the glow of this three quarter moon my boy. i said to you, hold my hand, not bad will happen. these are only words, a father's tricks and it slays your father, your faith in him. because all i can think tonight is how deep the sea and how vast, how indifferent, how powerless i am to protect you from it. all i can do is pray. >> it is so heart wrenching. it really is. at what point did you think this

is what i am going to do. >> i have been thinking about the plight of all of those thousands of refugees who lost their lives at sea for a long time. and i wanted to write a story about that. because i wanted people to understand these are choices that are not made lightly. who in their right mind would take their children and put their lives in the hands of smugglers who sometimes entire business model thrives at human misery and set out at sea in the pitch black. the choices that drive people into those boats are agonizing, the decision is last resort and the circumstances are often existential. >> your landmark book was the "kite runner." and you know first handle, and u went to a cemetery in sicily

where many of these poor homeless people end up. i want to play a little bit of what you saw there. >> this is a textbook case. he has a number. so he wasn't identified initially, but somebody must have come back. >> came back and put that picture. 3-years old. 4-years old, maybe. oh my god. >> so i mean, at first, he wasn't even named this little child. what about it just suppose to you about it? >> i was there with a local imnam from a mosque. and he said these people came looking for a dignified life, we couldn't give them a dignified prayer. and i hope this book, "sea prayer," is a tribute to the

unknown, all of the families who perished in that sea. nobody should have to resort to those measures to find the things that you and i take for granted. >> and again, you have told so many stories through your novels, your second big novel is "athousand splendid suns," is that book speaking to women still? >> as timely as it was 12 years ago, and particularly in afghanistan which is in the process of a slow and painful rebuilding process and working towards a possibly towards a negotiation, that book is a reminder, absolutely must be a cornerstone of the peace building process in afghanistan

and without them the peace building in afghanistan is in trouble. >> thank you for joining us. >> and before we go tonight, make sure to tune in when i will be speaking to highly respected presidential historian doris kerns goodwin. leadership whether it is in the presidency or congress or in the supreme court at this me too moment. thanks for watching, and join us again tomorrow.

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