captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good eving, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, truth and temperament-- the gerutiny of j brett kavanaugh expands beyondpecifics of allegations of sexual assault. then, an extsive investigation by the "new york times" reveals president trump engaged in potentially legal tax schemes to gain wealth from his father. plus, a rare look at life in libya amid escalating violence and a growing migrant crisis >> ( translated ): i can't work to pay mrent. my landlord will evict me in three days. i don't know what i'm going to .o i can't cross the sea to europe like this. i'm trapped. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >>

ajor funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. li well-planned. learn mo at raymondjames.com. >> and with the ongo tg support ofhese institutions: >> this program was made possiblee corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: the united states senate is another day closer to a showdown over supreme court nominee brett kavanaugh, but the outcome is still anything but .lear congressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage of this day's developments. >> desjardins: in the senate, the brett kavanaugh debate on the real action elsewhere: namely, the f.b.i.'s ongoing backgrou investigation of alleged sexual assault and misconduct.is s democrats stress questions about the supreme court nominee's truthfulness. ed>> judge kavanaugh repe tiptoes around the truth. doesn't tell the truth. in many instances it seems to paint his nomination in a favorable light. we want a supreme court nominee, whatever their poli whatever their party origins, to be a shining example of someone

who tells the truth without >> desjardins: kavanaugh opponents, and multiple yale classmates, say that at last week's senate hearing, he whitewashed his drinking and conduct as a young man. last night, "the new york times" and other medioutlets reported kavanaugh was involved in a 1985 bar fight during his time at yale. today, the new haven, connecticut police department confirmed that kavanaugh was accused of throwing ice at someone, but hwas not arrested. on the senate floor, republican leader mitch mcconnekell m the story as a new low. >> talk about a bombshell. one can only imagine what new bombshell might be published today or tomorrow. >> desjardins: outside the white house today, president trump said he thinks his nominee is doing great, but he also addressed the importance o honesty. >> i don't think he should lie to congress. there hav over the past year who have lied to congress. and to me that would not be acceptle. >> desjardins: the president

pointed to a larger, cultural question he sees. >> it's a very scary time for young men in america when you can be guilty of something that you may not be guilty of. in this realm, guilty until proven innocent. >> desjardins: kavanaugh's display of anger and antagonism at last week'fuhearing also eled continuing quputions. reblican senator jeff flake, who asked for the roopened f.b.i., spoke at a washington forum. >> i tell myself, 'you give a littleeeway because of what he's been through.' but on the other hand, we can't have this on the court. we simply can't. >> desjardins: but most republicans took aim at the democrats. >> if you were accused falsely of committing a crime, wouldn't you be angry too? wouldn't you want to clear your good name? well that's exactly what judge kavanaugh did.

>> they called him a lying drunk, sexual predator and the man defended himself. and as a result they say he didn't h on the supreme court. i think that's drivel. >> desjardins: democrats said todi.ay they want an f. briefing at least 24 hours before any vote. california senator dianne feinstein is the top democrat on the juy committee. >> we have to put all the facts esgether. i gus it's my 10th supreme court hearing i've sat on and there's never been one like this with issues like this. >> desjardins: but a k undecided republican, alaska's lisa murkowski, said she's not concerned thathe process is ving too quickly. this as leader mcconnell vowed again to hold a kavanaugh vote this week. meantime a lawyer for kavanaugh's high school frnd mark judge said today the f.b.i. has now completed his interview. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me now, along with white house

correspondent yamiche alndor. hello to both of you. lisa, what do we know right now about timeling about what when this f.b.i. investigation could finish and when there could be a final vote on kavanaugh in the nate. >> right. the f.b.i. was given up to one week. that ends friday, to do this investigation. they could finish earlier some republican senators think they could finish earldlier. it ce wednesday, thursday. in the meantime, some key witnesses have not yet been interviewed, in particular christine blasey ford's team sent out a letter. they have been trying t get in touch with the f.b.i. they have not heard back. they are concerned that the f.b.i. may not iew her at all. we're not really sure. the f.b.i. is not obviously revealing what their plan is. sometimes key witnesses are rviewed last. we have to wait and see how that goes. meanwhile, mitch mcconnell wod like to have this fina vote this week. this week means saturday, hey.i., and the way that would work, because ofenate rules, there is a series of

procedural hurdles they have clear. the big voight is a procedural vote called cloture. in order to have the cloture vote, mcconnell must file that mot wn. yout two days to vote. if he file that tomorrow, the senate could have the key procedural vote on friday. that's whatcconnell wants. now what happened is you have to watch these key undecided senators to see if they want more time to readhe f.b. report. mcconnell says he wants them to read it quickly gece they it. i don't know that they will want to do that. also will that report be made public? another question unanswered right now. >> woodruff: a number of questions. meantime, yamiche, the president does seem to be sticking ith brett kavanaugh. why? >> this political nomination has become a cause celeb for a lot es republicans. the ent went to a rally, so many people whoupport him who want to keep fighting for brett kavanaugh. president trump loves to listen to his base and check what

they're thinking. it's kind of the way he looks at polling. so the fact that he is continuing to hear from peopleo y he should stick by brett kavanaugh, and the president feels this way persocanally, e he feels as hoe the democrats could then embarrass him if he has to withdraw is nomination. >> woodruff: and lisa, picking up othat, give us moref a sense of the temperature in the senate. are republicans feeling -- we heard what senator mcconnell and senator kennedy and others e are saying. ey feeling pressure in any way to rethink this? >> they are feeling frustration that they think theersation has changed from whether this person can be proven to have sexually assault someone, which they say that cannot be proven. two, did he lie about his drinking and does he have the temperament. they don't think those are appropriate questions to judge this nominee by. however, that's the conversation right now. i'm not sure that matters. all that matters is what three senators, jeff flake, lisa murkowski, and susan collins

thk of all this. they're taking it in. i think they're honestly waiting for this report to come out. >> woodruff: those three republicans. esidehe, we heard the say today among other things, these are scary times for young men. >> the background is people are wondering if "me too" has gone too far and if young men are in a position wre they might be accused falsely of things they didn't do and said they're guilty until proven innocent. donald trump, jr.,, who has been very focal, the president's son, has said he's more concerned about hihas sonsn his daughters after hearing about brett kavanaugh's allegations beuse he thinks young men could essentially have their lives ruined by false allegations. add to that the fact that the president is dealing with his dwn sexual assault allegations. dozens of women s the president acted inappropriately sexually to them and the president has done something that should have had a reckonin t unfortunatele president is really saying, that's going to color the way i look at brett

kavanaugh so the president is himself feeling agrieved and as lresult, he's sticking by brett kavanaugh and alking at this through that lens. >> woodruff: feelings running wostrong. justays into this week. lisa, yamiche, thank you both. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, the confirmed death toll in the indonesian tsunami topped 1,200, and survivors grew increasingly desperate. friday's earthquake and giant waves smashed into sulawesi island. john irvine of independent television news reports from hard-hit palu. >> reporter: it's a room with a view-- of some of the worst earthquake devastation ever seen. the neighborhood of balaroa has ceased to exist. to wipe it out, the earthqua moved a mountain or at least half of one and it fell upon this affluent part of palu city. where there had been neat streets leading to a decorative me,oshere is now complete destruction.

900 families had their world fall apart. were consumed by the land on which they lived. this is a satellite picture of balaroa before the quake. this image shows the district today. it's scenes like this that uade the powers that be issue the statement "the death toll is likely to rise." what's happened to is neigorhood is one of the mai reasons that the indonesian government is predicting the rsath toll from this double dose of natural disasill run into thousands.nr hia and a relative have e to look for his wife, but he holds out no great hope odef ever seeing her agai or alive. "after the first tremor i told her to get our two children out of the house," he said.

"then the second tremor happened and she was literally swallowed by the earth right before my eyes." emergency teams only reached this area today, and so comprehensive is its eradication they don't expect to find any survivors here. a funeral director of sorts, overseeing a mass burial in the hills above palu today. iewhile most bare unclaimed this woman knew her husband was coong them. she's having to pe with not just becoming a widow, but with the knowledge that her daughter has been mi.ssing since frid it seems she lost both husband and child to one of the waves ou that engulfed parts of this city in the blink of an eye. >> woodruff: john irvine of independent television news. remnants of tropical storm

"rosa" drenched parts of the u.s. southwest today, as the system moved north from mexico. in phoenix, arizona, emergency workers carried stranded drivers from their cars, after rains triggered heavy flooding. flash flood watches were also up for parts of california, nevada and ah. secretary of state mike pompeo is heading back to north korea this weekend. the announcement today said pompeo expts to meet again with kim jong-un. the u.s. is pressing kim to give his nuclear capabilities. president trump said last week that he hopes to meet again with kim, soon. the f.b.i. is testing two envelopes found on the pentagon grounds, and suspected of containing the poison ricin. authorities say the packages niwere spotted at a scr facility. one was addressed to secretary of defense james mathe other to the navy's top officer. a white chicago policeman accused of murdering a black

teenager, laquan mcdonald, took the stand his own defense day. an emotional jason van dyke toln ofonting mcdonald in 2014. undesar questioning, h the teen had a knife and kept coming toward him. >> he waved the knife from his lower rig side upwards across his body towards my left shoulder. >> and when he did that, what did you do officer? i shot him. >> woodruff: video of the shooting actually showed mcdonald veering away when van dyke started shooting. he fired 16 times, d testified today that he kept shooting because he was not certain he had hit mcdonald until the youth fell to the ground. four california men were charged today with inciting violence at a white nationalist rally ie, charlottesviirginia, last year. they're part of the white supremacis "rise above movement" that marched in

charlottesville and allegedly attacked counter-protesters. the four were arrested today. >> while on their way to the unite the riht rally inon emancipaark and with their han taped and ready to do street battle committed multiple act vs lence including punching, kicking head butting numerous people along seco nostreet in southeast charlottesville. >> woodruff: each of the four men faces up to 10 years in prteison if conv federal officials said they are working to identify additional suspects. in afghanistan, a suicide bomber struck an election rally, 1 killing at lea people. it happened in nangathar province ieast. the islamic state group claimed responsibility. the target was a rally for an independent candidate for parliament. afterward, dozens of people were sent to the local hospital. mexico marked a somber anniversary today: 50 years

since soldiers fired on student protesters, killing at least 44. the students had taken to the streets of mexico city, demanding democratic reforms, but officials were determined to prevent disruption of that year's olympic games. the killings ultimately led to long-term political reforms. back in this country, amazon is raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour for all u.s. employees. the move will benefit more than 350,000 workers. the online retail giant company says it also plans to push for a higher federal minimum wage. it now stands at $7.25 an hour. and, on wall street, gains in several big industrial stocks osoffsets by retailers. the dow jones industrial average gai tned 122 poinclose near 26,774. the nasdaq fell 37 points, and the s&p 500 slipped one point. still to come on the newshour:

did present trump violate tax laws to earn millions from his father? how teachers are talking to their students aboau brett kavan. an inside look at the migrant crisis playing out from libya. we talk to the woman who won today's nobel prize in physics, and much more. >> woodruff: the "new york times"ust published a special investigation that digs deep into the trump family finances. reit paints a detailed picf how the president used potentially illegal tax schemes to acquire millions from his father. the account contradicts president trump's long repeated narrative that he was a self- made man. the times scourecourt papers and a "vast trove of confidential tax returns andia fina records." susanne craig is an

investigativore reporterhe times who worked on the story and joins us now. susanne craig, welcome. we're told you spent 18 months working s. the printout of the story by my count is 38 pages. so i know it's hard for me to ask you to condense it, but eggs -- essence what are yousa ng the president and his family, especially his father, did? >> well, there are two main findingsere. one is te inheritance that donald trump got from his father is far greater tdyn any has imagined. he has stated things like he got a simple $1 million loan, he paid it back with interest. s ere have been stories that said it rger. we've been able to identify it to hundreds of millions, more than $400. but even more important, he was able to get that vast inheritance because it was swelled through fraudulent tax schemes that we uncovered as we went through this incredible trove of financial documents that we fou.

>> woodruff: we should say at rde outset that the president's lawyer, charles , has issued a statement saying "the new york times" allegations of fraud and tax esion are 100% false and highly defamatory. we also have a statement from president trump's brother robert trump, who says, "all appropriate gift and estate tax returns were filed and required i want to get that on the record before i ask you, whaact y was the tack method, the tax scheme, whatever term yo used that trump's father, fred trump, usedn order to pass this money along? >> well, it's interesting. there are several that are discussed in the stories, and they have varying levels of either tax fra t orax avoidance, tax evasion, but the main one we foundwas a company called all county. the back story to it is fr trump, when he became in his 80s, he owned dozens of

buildings around new york. he was getting old. he had very little debt on the buildings, and he had mountains of cash in these buildings. and the children realized that if he died at some poiasnt, he getting to be in his 80s, that they would be stuckinith pg a 55% inheritance tax on the money. so what they did is they created a company, it was called all county building supply, and they were shareholders of it. what they did is fred trump as part of running the buildings had to buy everythingrom boilers, paint, plumbing supplies, all this stuff, and he would pay vendors for it. one day all county started buying it. they would pay the vendors. then they would send a separate check up to their da and it would be padded anywhere from 20% to 50%. and they would pocket the difference. then the interesting thing about that is they would then pocket the difference, and then separately, they used these dded receipts and they sent

them and they used them to justpay the ed receipts to justify rent increases on their tenants that werliving in rent-regulate buildings. we have the receipts where they d, this and we also have testimony from depositions we obtained where they say they did this. >> woodruff: in otr words, they went to quite elaborate steps. they took extraordinary steps to avoid paying additional millions and millions of dollars in taxes. >> they took elaborate steps, but in that case it's a straight forscene that's gangsterresque. one day you're paying him, now u're paying me, it's 20% more. it just happened to be their father. through doing, this they were able to drain that cash was sitting on, his buildings were sitting on, tens of millionsaw which wehen we started looking at the financial documents. they were able to take it out to avoid the 55% estate or death tax,s they call it. that's kind of the main one that we found that was emblematic of

some to other things going on. >> woodruff: sanne craig, among other things, you write fred trump, the president's father was relendless and creative ifinding ways to channel his wealth to his children. what was president trump's role in that? >> well, for many years of his hefe he was a recipient. it's incrediblewe started digging into it. not only were there trust funds, t fred tough. over his life, he made his children his bankers. instead of borrowing money from a bank, he would borrow money from them. they had money in trusts. they would set up loans.ou held pay them interest. he paid donald trump consulting feas. there wust these incredible streams of revenue coming m fred trump to his kids in order to get money to them. >> woodruff: and are you able to identify in the piece what is out and out potentilly illegal and what was just on the edge of wh might have beelegal?

>> we do. the one that i mentioned is out-and-out fraud, as far as we're concerned. not only was the all county the one where they we pulling the money out of the buildings, they then passed some of that burden on to their tenants. that sort of goes into thingsud ing wire fraud according to the people we've talked. to then there were other things that they diwith their father's estate that both border on tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax fraud. in one instance, just a simple exame, donald trump and his siblings, robert trump and marian berry trump, th signed off on their father's estate inch doing so they had to verif the accuracy of all the gift returns submitted. some of those had things le ey did the gifts they knew ounty,ad gotten from all they didn't disclose them, so that is another potential crime that they committed. >> woodruff: and as you say,

this fights the narrative from the president that he madeis millions on own, that he inherited very little. >> that's one of the incredible things is just the story father and a son and this relationship that they had througthe years and just how donald trump created this narrive, you kw, in 1976 then he was not far out of wharto he basically hpropriated his father's wealth own in newspaper stories. ta made a huge splash in manh i'm worth hundreds of millions of dollars. nothing from the truth.urther it was fred trump's money. >> woodruff: susanne craig, extraordinary reporting. 38 pages when you print it out at "the new yorkimes." thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff:e return now to politics, and new questions about judge kavanaugh's past,

anfuture of his confirmation battle in the senate. orr more, we turn now to sen chris coon he's a democrat from delaware and serves on the senate judiciary committee. senator, thank you for joining us. again, what do you knohis point about the stte of the f.b.i. investigation this supplemental investigation? >> judy, i know th it's ongoing. i know that agents have been investigating and inteiewing people over the last couple of days. i do not know what the exact scope is of this investigation or when they intend to bring it oo a close. >>uff: well, as our lisa desjardins reported a few minutes ago, there isa now letter from dr. christine ford's attorneys s the f.b.i.ing that none of the information ehey've offered, their phon calls have not been returned, the information da offered to turnover, the f.b.i. hasn't taken them up on that. at's your understanding of their efforts to seek any further information from dr. christine ford?

>> i don't have direct knowledge of this from the f.b.i. obviously. but i think that both judged kavanaugh . ford should have been questioned early in this process and then the oer individuals who made allegations against judgnae kavah or documents that were brought forward in last week's senate judiciary committee testimony last thursday should be used as a basis fofurther investigation. i was concerned, judy, last sunday, when there were press repo es that theire investigation was going to consistent of questioning four individuals, and that would be it. i certainly had imagined a broader, more open, more full investigation this week. i was encouraged when president trump said he had directed thus white counsel, don mcgahn, to say that the f.b.i. should be ftoree ursue all reasonable investigatory leads this week as they pursue the credible claims in front of the judiciary committee.

i don't think we'll know exactly how ny people were interviewed and by whom until friday, but id also have tr to refer forward to the f.b.i. people who have contacted my office. i'm not vouching for the credibility of their claims. i'm just trying to make sure that we're doing our job and passing them forward promptly, and i have found that proceli a le difficult. >> woodruff: so how will you know when you see or at some point you will see the results of f.b.i.'s work, how will you knowhat they've done the thorough investigation that you believe they should have? >> well, to be clear, this is in the nature of a compromise, judy. if i were designing an f.b.i. follow-up background investigation into the alleetions against judg kavanaugh, it would last much longer and be much broader than what i suspect will be accomplished this week. but i ask, i implored my good c friend aleague senator jeff flake last friday to consider as one-week pe and to allow the f.b.i. to investigate the allegations that in front of us at that point.

that is what i have worked harid he last couple of days to make sure happens. that'shat i believe republican senators are working to make happen. and the f.b.i. has a lot of nts.urces and a lot of age they're capable of pursuing parallel investigations. th i should be able tonterview dozens of people in a week, but i don't know exacy how broad the scope will be, ando i'm nt sure what will be in thelina report that the senate should receive this friday. >> woodruff: what is your read on yanr republicolleagues who have not declared themselves yet on judge kavanaugh, on whether they are open to not pporting his nomination if they don't feel satisfied by the results of this investigation.>> ell, judy, i'm not going the characterize recent conversations, but i'll y that publicly, you know, last week they said a few key republican senators that if there were not

a one-week pause for the f.b.i. to investigate the aegations in front of the committee, then they weren't comfortable voting for cloture, voting to move ahead with his confirmation.s so iy expectation that's what prep tainted this- precipitated this week. i did publish an editorial today in a newspaper here in washington that lays out what i would expect would be in that f.b.ibackground investigation. but i think what has proved us forward and what i'm grateful for is the assertion by few undecided republican senators that they thought there were allegations in front of the committee that deserved to be investated, either to clear judge kavanaugh of these allegations or to corroborate the allegations made by dr. ford, deborah ramirez ramirez and others. >> woodruff: senator, there is more conversation now about truth and temperament, about whether judge kavanaugh adhered to what is known to be thehe facts,ruth, when he was testifying about his own past and theemperament that he

displayed. are those going to be part of senators' decisions when they decide whether to confirm or not? >> i think they should be, because i think temperament fitness goes to our advice andco ent role. different senators i think will reach different conclusions. in the very long, very heated, very emotional hearing that we had last thursday, dr. ford camo ard with rivetting testimony. i am convinced that she believes she was assaultednd i am convinced that judge kavanaugh believes he did not commit that assault. but it is very difficult to reconcile those two competing narratives. do think that judge kavanaugh was aggressive in the ways he interacted with several members of the committee and came up tot or even crosse line in terms of the partnership of hiac sations against the senate committee and the democrats on the committee. avanaugh woul have been better served to leave those arguments to his partisan

defenders on the committee rather than making those arguments so forcefully himself in thatsetting. >> woodruff: and just to be clear, you definitely have decided to vote no? >> i concluded at the end of the previous round of confirmation hearings that because of judg kavanaugh's extreme views on presidential power and on substantive due procs and individual liberty that i would vote against his nomination. that was beforer. ford's allegations were the subject of a lengthy hearing. oodruff: senator chris coons of delaware, we thank you. >> thank you. wi woodruff: now, how some schools are dealin the very difficult questions surrounding consent, assault, allegations and consequences. at conversation was happening prior to the claims made against judge kavanaugh, but as william brangham tells us, this has given w momentum to what some see as a teachable moment.

it's the focus of this week's education segment, "making t grade". >> brangham: in a minute, we'll look at the different ways schools are grappling with this moment in time. but first, let's hear from some students. itfore last week's hearing christine blasey ford and brett kavanaugh, our own student reporting labs asked teenagers around the country this estion: should adults be held accountable for things they did when they were younger? here's say.f what they had to >> as a teenager, you're always toll how what yodo now can affect your future, so i think accountability is really important. >> i think once they've paid the consequence, then people should just move on from it and it should be over with. >> you're more prone to make mistakes and learn from them, but it does depend on the severity of e mistakes tha you do take part in as a teenager. >> i think that a big part of being a teenager is dng

irresponsible things that probably are noin our best interest in order to learn and grow from them. >> i do believe that some of the antis and some of the major life oices they should be ld accountable for. at when it comes to things like rape allns and drug possession and d.u.i.s, those things stay with you for life for a reason, and i think that those things we should bring up later. >> we have social media, unlike my parents' generation, where they could do something and it not be documented or, you know, seen by earnn the scol. >> social media literally, like everyone finds out about erything. so nothing is technically ever gone. >> there are things you have to wah what you post because you reap what you sew. it can eventually com back on your later. >> say you get in a job, they can look on youracebook and see all this stuff you post and

think, hey, that's not the pers i want the hire. >> brangham: those were students from across the u.s., interviewed by the newshour's student reporting labs. tohow schools and administ and teachers deal with this event is a whole different issue. and here with me now is "education week's" evie blad.. welcome ba >> thank you. >> brangham: so this is a very fraught moment for the country. i'm curious what your reporting ishowg. how are schools handling this? >> it's obviously a ver divisive issue. it's one that students bring their own personal experiences, the things they're hearing from their family and friends, and their own understanding of the news and events at the table. fits in th context with civics education conversations that had been pretty intense in n e last couple years as students have bere engaged with the news and with a divisive political climate. it also fits in with this understanding move."me too" , which folks had hoped that students would be listening and rsonalizing some of the conversations about consent and power and decision making, but

this is one of the first big high-profile stories in recent years that has centered on behavior that took place when both the alleged asslant an the alleged victim were in high school. ru know new york some ways students cate to it and personalize it a lot more easily. >>rangham: i was really struck in the reporting about how during the course of the hearings when they were being televised that calls to sexual violence hot lines went up by one account almost 200%. i'm curious, has that happened at the sools, as wel have children been somehow proved by this to say, i'm nowto goinhare my own story? >> right. we talked to some ctims' advocacy groups who said it's a little too early to tell exacy how this is affecting women in certain groups or people in general. but there are groups that are trying to kind of capitalize on this moment, trying to use it to take... to help students to ikrsonalize, think about, and process issuese consent.

they started a #metoo k12. some of the biggest learning for students is happening about these issues is not discussing the allegations specifically against judge kavanaugh, but some of theecondary stories that are coming out of it. when the president tweeted recently that he believed that dr. ford should have or would have shared those allegations with police when she was younger, there was a #whyididn'treport circulating on twitter, that talked about how this can be a complicated issue for victims. that could be a teachable moment for stviudents. ism ously we live in a very diverse country, different religious tradition,ifferent cultural values. how does -- when you talk about the issue of consent in particular, do schools teach that as part of a sex ed curriculum? >> what schools teach in america

about sex education is a really varied patchwork. a lot of what is decided about what is taught in the classroom is set by statmae ates and states have very different ideas about what schools should cha what they should be prevented from teaching, and what decisions should be left up to them. there is a growing motove. ocus less on specific behaviors, contraceptives and things like that, and to focus more broadly on decision king and developing a personal ethic. and there are somensonversat about consent that are coming into play, having students discuss real-life situations, the difficulties of the decisions they mace, the impact of those decisions. and there are some states that are really moving forward wih some new mandates in california, for example, a couple of years ago created a law that requires schools that teach sex ed k-12 to teach affirmative con send, which is basically yes

means yes rather than no means ev. >> brangham: iy school? >> yes, but that is far more progressive. this is a social climate in some eas that says this is thle of the family. >> brangham: back to the blasey ford-kavanaugh hearings, did schools run the hearings? did they show them in classth? di show excerpts? what did your reporting show. >> there wasn't a universalon re from some teachers who said this was an unavoidable moment. some showed clips of the hearings to have discussions. soal of thewed students to live stream it and allowed some to --. >> brangham: on their phones even? >> yes. and a lot of them are having conversations about how did we get to this moment. i think there's a lot of assumptions among older adults nging what they're bri the table in how they think about the kavanaugh hearings. we heard from a school in sa francisco that was having actually a teach-in on anita

hill. and we're hearing schools talkalg about the genderce in the senate. and some less controversial issues that aren't related to sex and consent but are relatede to say theparation of powers. we've got all three branches at play here and then some basic questions students can talk cout in their mind. why is the suprert so important, why are people still emotional about it. what does it mean when party has control of the senate. what would it look like if thi confirmation hearing were happening when the president and senate of different parties >> brangham: evie blad of education week, thank you >> thank you >> woodruff: violence has re- erupted in libya. the u.n.-backed government has

declared a state of emy after fighting between rival militias killed more than 100 people in the capital tripoli. the situation is particularly ordireigrants. libya is the major gateway for africans en route to europe-- an estimated 700,000 are now caught in the libyan crossfire. the fragile vernment in tripoli has prevented foreign reporters from entering the country for months. but newshour special correspondent christopherid livesay andgrapher alessandro pavone were granted rare access, and filed this exclusive report; they begin in the capital, tripoli. these are rare sights for american journalists to film in libya these days. but we're the first u.s. tv crew to enter the coury since last year, to report on libya's migrant crisis, a heaving calamity in an unstable land we're under constant observation by government minders, their suspicion shadowing us everywhere. they don't want us seeing this:

the thousands of migrants and refugees from throughout africa and beyond, who use libya as a way station north, to europe. each time we try filming them at government facilities... >> reporter: ...libyan authorities shut us down.re >> you anot allowed to film! but why? we have permits! anwith a hidden camera, wee to film inside this airplane hangar, where guinean migrants from west africa are about to bt flown batheir home country. but we're caught. no government official would explain the obstruction on camera. many miants hope for a better life, but often, they have left war and fallen victim to the unforgiving mediterranean, to indefinite government detention on land, or fallen prey to traffickers eho torture, an sell them for money.

caand it is e of those traffickers that libya would not allow american journalists in for nearly a year, after cnn showed african migrants being auctioned off at a libyan slave market last november. 400, 500, 600. >> reporter: at a clinic in tripoli we meet a 19-year-old somali named hamud abdul elimi. he says he comes toomhe clinic fris shared apartment everyday to get treatment for his mutilated legs and fingers, inflicted by migrant traffickers. his saga began last year in somalia,ore than 4,000 miles from here, he says, after militants from al shabaab, an east african jihadist group, murdered his brother, and threatened to kill the rest of his family. >> ( translated ): i had to flee. my family paid traffickers to take m but they held me in libya and tortured me. then they sold me to another group of traffickers tha demanded more money. when i couldn't pay, they nearly beat me to death.

>> reporter: hamud gave us this video filmed by a fellow migrant. he says it shows his same traffickers torturing a fellow somali, in the same hidden location and the same way they tortured him. >> ( translated ): ty also electrocuted me, and abandoned me with gaping wounds on the side of the road. i thought going to die. >> reporter: he wants to tell us more. abut the government minde watching, and we fear for his safety. amid this chaos and fear, the international community is trying to help: federico soda is the mediterranean director of the united nations migration agey. it cooperates with the libyan government to fly willing migrantuns back to their ies of origin. he says those they help have given up trying to get to derope, after enduring inhuman conditions inside ntion centers. >> most o assist we're getting from migrant centers.

we're getting them out of most likely abusive situations. >> reporter: abusive conditions inside the detention centers? >> yes. there's abuse, there's overcrowding. there's serious sanitation issues, in terms of hygiene. >> reporter: we're talking about detention centers sanctioned by the government. >> yes, but we're talking about a governme that has a very loose control of the situation. >> reportoser: control, because libya has been in disarray ever since the nato- backed overthrow of muammar gaddafi in 2011. he had ruled the nation for decades and prevented migrants from sailing to europe. today, the oil-rich country remains divided: a u.n.-backed government sits in tripoli, a rival administration rules in the east, and in between:

numerous well-armed militias. recely,iolence has re- erupted between rival militias in tripoli, killing dozens soda says traffickers have tak advantage of the power vacuum, 1,000 miles of libyan coastline facing europe. once migrants get to byan coast, traffickers send them off to europe in overcrowded, safe boats. more than 70,000 migrants have arrived in europe so far this year. most must first crossethe sahara det. it's striking how similar it is to the desert in the american southwest. both places are on the front line of an immigration crisis, with migrants from politically unstable, impoverished countries in the south, trying to reach wealthier countries in the north. the difference is, in the us, that final frontier is the desert. here in libya, it's the sea. so far this year, more than 1700 migrant deaths have been

urcorded in the mediterranean. most dove. but a growing number are being turned back, as more and more countries led by italy's new govern them.fuse to accept instead, the libyan coast guard takes the migrants back to libyan detention centers with ghassan salame is the u.n. special envoy to libya. >> let's be frank: many of these detention centerare overcrowd. some of them lack the minimum that is required by international humanitarian law to deal with migrants and fugees. and on top of that, some of thssm, we don't even have ac to them. >> reporte we travel to the western port city of sabratha, anarea notorious for migrant traffickers who crowd their passengers in unsafe boats for europe. basim bashir al ghrabi is the local chief of the department for combating illegal migration. >> ( translated ): our task is to rescue migrants at sea and bring them back to safety.

>> reporter: you say rescue, but they don't want to be rescu, do they? they want to go to europe. >> ( translated ): we are herema for tarian reasons. but we will use all forces necessary to prevent migrants fromoming here. >> reporter: you say you'll do anythi to prevent migrants from coming here. we've heard reports of abuse of migrants in libya. is that the case in sabratha as well? >> ( translated ): i respect the migrant's humanity. they are poor, weak people. it's absurd to use force against them. >> reporter: but not uncommon. , we meet ipoli again with hamud, the somali refugee from the clinic. this time in secret. it's friday, a holy day, offering us a rare moment free from our minders, who have gone to the mosque to pray. we're on our way to a neighborhood called abu salim. we've been warned that we have to maintain a very low profile to go there.sh there was a tout reported this morning.

a shootout, we're told, between a dominant militia, and unwelcome refugees. hamud meets us on the street, and rushes us inside the apartment he shares wiight oer young africans. >> ( translated ): i can't work to pay my rent. my landlord will evict me in three days. i don't do.what i'm going to i can't cross the sea to europe like this. i'm trapped. >> reporter: he blames the trafficks who beat him. t they're not alone. he says when the traffickers left himo die, libyan authorities refused to take him straight to a hospital. instead, they put him in a detention center. >> ( translated ): they kept me there for two days. by then, gangrene spread over my wounds. and the doctor had to amputate my fingers, my left leg, and my right foot. i haven't had the courage to tell my mother yet. it would break her heart. >> reporter: but he hasn't lost hope. he's in touch with a cousin in canada. h topefuly can be reunited, he says.

soon after we parted ways, hamud hendured yet modship: libyan police apprehended him for no reason, he says, and beat him with the handles of their guns, then stole $200-- money his friends had donated toelp m out. he took this video after the beating. libyan police vowed to kill him the next time they saw him, he says. when we asked him why, he said, "because i'm a migrant, and they know there's nothing i can do about it. this is libya." nmhe govt in tripoli did not respond to our request for comment. meanwhile, thousands continue to attempt the crossing out of olbya. but as libya's pical turmoil endures, and europe tightens its borders, more migrants like hamud have no choice but to sty. for the pbs newshour, i'm christopher livesay, in tripoli.

>> wdruff: next, this year's nobel prize in physics. the honor was shared today for work done with high intensityt. li those breakthroughs eventually lead to practical applications usey.d to and it includes sharing the award with a woman for the first time in 55 years. amazna nas our conversation. >> nawaz: the nobel committee award the prize to a trio of scientists. arthur ashkin of the united states invented so-called "optic tweezers," highly focused beams that can manipulate microscopic objects and organisms. gerard mourou of france and donna strickland of canada together developed a method to intensify laser beams in short pulses, which led to a number of applications, including laser eye surgery. do inna stricklajust the third woman in history to win a nobel in physics and she joins me now. dr. strickland, thank you for being with us. congratulations.

i should point out, that method u developed was with dr. morou, with whom you share the prize. you did that work back when you were a graduate student. did you ever imagine that would lead the a nobel prize? no. certainly not when we were working on it. we thought it would be imrtant, but no. >> nawaz: what was that moment like when you got notification? >> it's 5:00 a.m., so your barely thinking,t east for me. it's surprising. it's one of those things you can't believe is happening to you. my husband and i were there going, oh, my goodness. >> nawaz: that work that we mentioned earlier, it has everyday applications. laser eye surgery is one people might be familiar wite whse can people see work? >> i don't know they would see it around them. i think that's the one application that goesight to the public. there are laser machining

application other n other things thae,just the but that would be carried out in certain industries, and much of the word that's beie around the world is still in research labs. >> nawaz: you mentioned as we introduced you, you'rable to third women ever to win the nobel prize in physicst the fiman in 55 years to do so. let me put this to you: whyin do you that is? why don't more women their that honor? >> well, again, i don't really quite know, but, , of couren i was doing my ph.d., there were only 10%, if i went to conference, it would only be 10% women. that said, why didn't women at lst get it every ten years, i don't know. it's one of those things. ep changing things ke and for the better, so i'm sure we'll see more as time goes on. >> nawaz: to that point, haveu en things changing? have you seen things get bet center it's a fid women ar sorely underrepresented in. >> obviously it's getting better w

the laan who won it didn't get paid most of her career to doer science. so i cited in my thesis work she did in 1939, but i believe it wa sthe '50s beforehe got paid. so she was getting paid to be a scientist before winning the nobel prize, but it's amazing that as a woman she wasn't considered to be worthy of being paid as a sciist. that's changed. obviously i've always been paid like my male'v counterparts, never thought they wasn't being treated equal. so things do keep changing. n nawaz: they do indeed. i should ask y if you are giving interviews, being celebrated for yourork, you ve a chance to send a message now to millions over young women out there who might be rnterested in pursuing a caree in a similar field. what would you say to them now? >> i would say the same as i would to male or female, you should always be doing sothing that y want. if you want to do, put blinders on and just do i don't ever let anybody else tell you that you shouldn't do it.

think everybody knows themselveses the best and listen to yourself and just gowh ft you want. >> nawaz: you're obviously sharing your work and being celebrated today. how does the nobel prize winner actually celebrate once you learn you've won that award? >> well, my husband contacted the local restaurant critic. he asked where we should take his wife out to dinner, and we're going to the nicest restaura according to the critic. that's where we celebrated our tenth wedding anniversary and now it's going to be to celebrate the nobel prize. so that's where we're going tonight. >> nawaz: enjoy your meaand enjoy the prize. thank you very much, donna strickland, for talking to us. >> woodruff: later this evening on pbs, "frontline" presents a fm out the investigation into russian interference in the 2016 election and how it may threaten the trump presidency.

"trump's showdown" traces the dramatic events that have led t nion to the brink of what crisis and trump's contentious lllationship with special counsel robert m. and that's the newshour for tonight. am judy woodruff. join us online ain here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs ney:hour has been provided b >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. or >> carnegie coion of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security at caegie.org.

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour." here is at's coming up. i demanded a hearing -- >> the fbi investigates sexual assat allegations in the nomination of brett kavanaugh to the supreme court. what happens when the irresistible force of the me t movement runs into the immovable object of partisan politics?ea i to me too founder tarana burke and to ana maria archila whose confrontation with senator jeff flake helped him to press the pause button. a alsoad, here in britain fl tempere over brexit as my cry myt, s compa the european union to the soviet unity.