captioning snsored by po newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, truth and temperament-- the scrutiny of judge brett kavanaugh expands beyond the specifi allegations of sexual assault. then, an extensive invesnegation by the york times" reveals president trump engaged in potentially illegal tax schemes to gain wealth from his father. inus, a rare look at life in libya amid escalg violence and a growing migrant crisis >> ( translated ): i can't work to pay my landlord will evict me in three days. i don't know what i'm going to do. can't cross the sea to europe like this. i'm trapped. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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>> woodruff: the united states senate is another day closer to a showdown over supreme court nominee brett kavanaugh, but the outcome is still anything but clear. ngressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage of this day's developments. >> desjardins: in the senate,e ett kavanaugh debate on the floor took a backseat to real action elsewhere: namely, the f.b.i.'s ongoing background investigaon of alleged sexual assault and misconduct.at this as demostress questions about the supreme court nominee's trufulness. >> judge vanaugh repeatedly tiptoes around the truth.n' dotell the truth. in many instances it seems to paint his nomination in a favorable light. we want a supreme court nominee, whatev their politics, whatever their party origins, to be a shing example of someone

who tells the truth without d jardins: kavanaugh opponents, and multiple yale classmates, say that at last week's senate hearing, he whitewashed his drinking and condu as a young man. last night, "the new york times" and other media outlets reh rted kavanaugs involved in a 1985 bar fight during his time at yale. today, the new haven, connecticut police department confirmed that kavanaugh was accused of throwing ice at someone, but he was not arrested. on the senate floor, republican leader mitch mcconnell mocked the story as a new low. >> talk about a bombshell. one can only imagine what new bombshell might be published today or tomorrow. >> desjardins: outside the white housy, president trump said he thinks his nominee is doing great, but he also addressed the importance of honesty. >> i don't think he should lie to congress. there have been a lot of people over the past year who have lied to congres and to me that would not be acceptable. >> desjardins: the pdent pointed to a larger, cultural

question he sees. >> it's a very scary time for young men in america when you can be guilty of something that you may not be guilty of. in this realm, you a truly guilty until proven innocent. >> desjardins: kavanaugh's display of anger and antagosm at last week's hearing also fueled continuing questions. republican senator jeff flake, who asked for the reopened f.b.i. probe, spoke at a washington forum. >> i tell myself, 'you give a little leeway becae of what he's been through.' but on the other hand, we can't have this on the court. we simply can't. >> desjardins: but most republicans took aim at the democrats. >> if you were accused falsely of committing a crime, wouldn't you be angry too? wordn't you want to clear y good name? well that's exactly what judge kavanaugh did.

>> they called him a lying drunk, sexual predator and the man defended himself. and as a result they say he didn't have the demeor to be the supreme court. i tt'hink tdrivel. >> desjardins: democrats said today they want an f.b.i. briefing at least 24 hours before any vote. california s dianne feinstein is the top democrat on the judiciary committee. >> we have to put all the facts together. i guess it's my 10th supreme court he there's never been one like this with issues like this. >> desjains: but a key decided republican, alaska's lisa murkowski, said she's not concerned that the process is moving too quickly. this as leader mcconnell vowed again to hold a kavaugh vote this week. meantime a lawyer for kavanaugh's high school friend mark judge said today the f.b.i. has now completed his interview. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me now, along with white house

correspondent yamiche alcindor. hello to both of you. lisa, at do we know right no about timeling about what when this f.b.i. investigation could nish and when there cod be a final vote on kavanaugh in the senate. >> right. the f.b.i. was given up to one week. that ends friday, to do this investigation. they could finish earlier. some republican senators think they could finish earlier. it could be wednesday, thursday. in the meantime, some key witnesses have not yet been interviewed, in particular christine blasey ford's team o se a letter. they have been trying to get in touch with the f.b.i. they have noheard back. they are concerned that the f.b.i. may not interview her at all. we're not really sure. the f.b.i. is notbviously revealing what their plan is. sometimes key witnesses are interviewe. we have to wait and see how that goes. meanwhile, mitch mcconnell would like to ve this final vote this week. this week means saturdahe f.y.i., anday that would work, because of the senate rules, there is a series of

procedural hurdles they have to clear. the big voight is a procedural vote called cloture. in order to have the cloture vote, mcconnell must file that motion. you wait two days to vote. if he files that torrow, the senate could have the key procedural vote on friday. that's what mcconnelwants. now what happened is you have to watch these key undecidedi senators to sethey want more time to read the f.b.i. anport. mcconnell says hes them to read it quickly once they get it. i don't know that they will want to do that. also will that report be made public? another question unanswered right now. >> woodruff: a number of questions. meantime, yamiche, the president does seem to be sticking with brett kavanaugh. why? >> this political nomination has become a cse celeb for a lot of republicans. the president went to a rally, so many people who support him who want to keep fighting for brett kavanaugh. presidentrump loves to listen to his base and check what

they're thinking. it's kind of the way he looks a polling. so the fact that he is continuing to hear from peopleld who say he sho stick by brett kavanaugh, and the president feels this way personally, a because he feehoe the democrats could then embarrass him if he has to withdraw th nomination. >> woodruff: and lisa, picking up on that, give us more of a sense of the temperature in the senate. are republicans feeling -- we heard what senator mcconnell and senator kennedy and others are saying. are they feeling pressure in any way to rethink this? >> they are feeling frustration that thetithink the conver has changed from whether this person can be proven to have sexually assault someone, which they say that canno pt beven. two, did he lie about his drinking and does he have the temperament. they don't think those are propriate questions to judge this nominee by. however, that's the conversation right now. i'm not sure that matters. all that matters is what three senators, jeff flake, lisa murkowski, and susan collins think of all thi

they're taking it in. i think they're honestly waiting for this report to come out. >> woodruff: those three republicans. yamiche, we heard the president say today among other things, these are scary times for young men. >> the background is people are wondering if "me too" has gone too far and if young men are in a position where they might be accused falsely of things they didn't do and said they're guilty until proven innocent. donaldrump, jr.,, who has been very focal, the president's son, has said he's more concerned about his sons than his daughters after hearin brett kavanaugh's allegations because he thinks young men could essentially have their lives ruined by false allegations. add to that the fact that the president is dealing with his n sexual assault allegations. dozens of women said the president acted inappropriately sexually to them. and the president has done somethg that should have had reckoning. unfortunately, the president is really saying, that's going to color the way i lok at brett

kavanaugh some the president is himself feeling agrieved and as a result, he'sticking by brett kavanaugh and also looking at this through that lens. >> woodruff: feelings running strong. just two days into this week. lisa, yamiche, thank youoth. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, the confirmed death toll in the indonesian tsunami topped 1,200, and survivors grew creasingly desperate. friday's earthquake and giant waves smashed into sulawesi island. john irvine of indepeent television news reports from hard-hit palu. >> reporter: it's a room with a view-- of some of the worst earthquake devastation ever seen. the neighborhood of balaroa has ceased to exist. to wipe it out, the earthquake moved a mountain or at least half of one and it fell upon this affluent part of palu city. where there had been neat streets leading to a decorative mw osque, there is mplete destruction.

900 families had their world fall apart. many were co by the land on which they lived. this is a satellitropicture of babefore the quake. this image shows the district today. it's scenes like this that persuade the powers that be to issue the statement "the death toll is likely to rise." what's happened to this neighborhood is one of the main reasons that the indonesian government is predicting th death toll from this double dose of natural disasters will run into thousands. henrachia and a relative have come here to look for his wife, but he holds out no great hope of ever seeing her again dead or alive. "after the first tremor i told her to get our two children out of the house," he said.

"then the second tremor happened and she was literally swallowed by the earth right before my eyes." emergcy teams only reached this area today, and so comprehensive is its eradication they don't expect tfind any survors here. a funeral director of sorts, overseeing a mass burial in the hills above palu today. while most bmeodies are uncl this woman knew her husband was among them. she'having to cope with not just becoming a widow, but with the knowledge that her daughter has been missing since friday. it seems she lost both husband and child to one of the waves ol mud that ed parts of this city in the blink of an eye. >> woodruff: that report rom joirvine of independent television news. remnantsf tropical storm

"rosa" drenched parts of the u.s. southwest today, as the system moved north from mexico. in phoenix, arizona, emergency workers carried stranded drivers from their cars, after rains triggered heavy flding. flash flood watches were also up for parts of california, nevada and utah. secretary of state mike pompeo isng heaack to north korea this weekend. the announcement today said pompeo expects to meet again with kim jong-un. the u.s. is pressing kim to give up his n capabilities. president trump said last weekho that hs to meet again with kim, soon. the f.b.i. is testing two envelopes found on the pentagon grounds, and suspected of contathininpoison ricin. authorities say the packages were spted at a screening facility. one was addressed to secretary of defen james mattis, the other to the navy's top officer. a white chicago policeman accused of murdering a black

teenager, laan mcdonald, took the stand in his own defense today. an emotional jason van dyke told of confronting mcdonald in 2014. under teen had a knife and kept coming toward him. >> he waved the knife from his lower right side upwas across his body towards my left shoulder. >> and when he did that, what did you do officer? >> i shot him. >> woodruff: video of the shooting actually showed mcdonald veering away when van dyke started shooting. he fired 16 times, and testifie today that he kept shooting because he was not certain he had hit mcdonald until the youth fell to the ground. four california men were charged today with inciting violence at a whitnationalist rally in charlottesville, virginia, last year. they're part of the white supremacist "rise above movement" that marched in charlottesville a allegedly

attacked counter-protesters. the fo were arrested today. >> while on their way to the unite the riht rally in emancipation park and heir han rds taped ady to do street battle committed multiple actuds of violence ing punching, kicking head butting numerous people along second street in south/northeast charlottesv >> woodruff: each of the four men faces up to 10 years in pron if convicted. deral officials said they are working to identify additional suspects in afghanistan, a suicide bomber struck an election rally, kiing at least 14 people. it happened in nangarhar province in the east. the islamic state group claimed responsibility. the target was a rally for an independent ciadidate for pant. afterward, dozens of people were sent to the local hospital. mexico marked a somber anniversary today: 50 years

since soldiers fired on student protesters, killing at least 44. the students had taken to the streets of mexico city, demanding democratic reforms, but officials were determined tn prevent disrupf that year's olympic games. the killings ultimately led to long-term political reforms. back in this country, amazon is raising its minimum wage to $15 an hour for all u.s. employees. the move will benefit more than 350,000orkers. the online retail giant companyi saalso plans to push for a higher federal minimum wage. it now stands at $7.25 an hour. and, on wall strera, gains in sebig industrial stocks offset losses by retailers. the dow jones dustrial average gained 122 points to close near 26,774. the nasdaq fell 3points, and the s&p 500 slipped one point. still to come on the newshour:

did president trump viole tax laws to earn millions from his father? how teachers are talking to their students about brett kavanaugh. an inside look at the migrant wisis playing out from libya. we talk to the wom won today's nobel prize in physics, and much more. >> woodruff: the "new york times" just publisd a special investigation that digs deep into the trump family finances. it paints a detailed picture of t how the presided potentially illegal tax schemes to acquire millions from his father. the account contradicts president trump'sat long re narrative that he was a self- made man. the times scoured court papers and a "vast trove of confidential tax returns and financial records." susanne craig is an

investigative reporter for the times who worked on the story and joins us now. susanne craig, welcome. we're told you spent 18 months rking on this. the printout of the story by my count is pages. so i know it's hard for me to ask you to condense it, but in eggs -- essence what are you saying the president and his familyespecially hisather, did? >> well, there are two main findings here. one is the intance that donald trump got from his father is far greater than anybody has imagined. he has stated things like he got a si $mpmillion loan, he paid it back with interest. there have been stories that said it was larger. we've been able to identify it to hundreds of millions, more .han $400 but even more important, he was able to get that vast inhetance because it was swelled through fraudulent tax schemes that we uncovered as went through this incredible trove of financial documents that we fou

>> woodruff: we should say at the outset that the president's lawyer, charles harder, has issued a statement saying "the new york times" allegations of fraud and tax evasioare 100% false and highly defamatory. we also he a statement from president trump's brother robert trump, whoays, "all appropriate gift and estate tax returns were filed and required taxes we t paid." i wa get that on the record before i ask you, what exactly was the tack method, the tax scheme, whatever term you used that trump's father, fred trump, used in order to ness this along? >> well, it's interesting. there are several that are discussed in the stories, and they have varying levels of either tax fraud or tax avoidance, tax evasion, but the main one we found was a company called all county.ck the story to it is fred trump, when he became in his 80s, he owned dozens of

buildings around new york. v was getting old. he hy little debt on the buildings, and he had mountains of cash in these buiings. and the children realized that if he died at some point, he was getting to be in his 80s, that th payinld be stuck wi a 55% inheritance tax on the money. so what they did is they cread a companyit was called all county building supply, and they were shareholders of it. what they did is fred trump as part of running the buildings had to buy everything from boilers, paint, plumbing supplies, all this stuff, and he would pay vendors for it. one day all county started thld pay the vendors. wbuying it. then they would send a separate check up to their dad, and it would be padded anywhere from 20% to 50%. and they would pocket the difference. then the interesting thing about that is they would then pocket the difference, and then peparately, they used these padded rects and they sent

them and they used them to justify the padded receipts to justify rent increases on their tenants that were living in rent-regulate buildings. we have the receipts where they did, this and we also have wtestimony from depositio obtained where they say they did this. >> woodruff:n other words, they went to quite elaborate steps. they took extraordinary steps to avoid paying additional millions and millions of dollars in taxes. >> thebotook ete steps, but in that case it's a straight forscene that's gan one day you're paying him, now you're paying me, it's 20% more. it just happened to be their father. through doing, this they were able to drain that cash heas sitting on, his buildings were sitting on, tens of millions whh we saw when we started looking at the financial documents. they were able to take it out t avoid the 55% estate or death tax, as they call it. that's kind of the main one that we found that was emblematic of

someo other things going n. >> woodruff: susanne craig, among other things, you wr fred trump, the president's father was relendless and creative in finding ways to channel his wealth to his children. p what wsident trump's role in that? >> well, for many years of his life he was a recipient. it's incredible when we started digging into it. not onlyere there trust funds, but fred tough. over his life, he made his children his bankers. instead of borrowing money from a bank, he would borroeyw mon from them. they had money in trusts. they would set up loans. he would pay them interest. he paid donald trump consulting fees. there was just these incredible streams of revenue cing from fred trump to his kids in order to get money to them. >> woodruff: and are you able to identify in the piece what is out and outga potentially ill and what was just on the edge of what might havbeen legal?

>> we do. the one that i mentioned is out-and-out fraud, as far as we're concerned. not only was th all county the one where they were pulling the money out of the buildings, they then passed some of that burden on to their tenants. that sort of goes into thingsra including wired according to the people we've talked. to then there were other things that they did with their father's estate that both border on tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax fraud. in one instance, just a sile example, donald trump and his siblings, robert trump and darian berry trump, they sig off on their father's estate verifying so they had to the accuracy of all the gift returns submitted. some of those had things like they didthe gifts they knew they had gotten from all county, they didn't disclose them, so that is another potential crime that they committed.oo >>uff: and as you say, this fights the narrative from

the presiden he made millions on his own, that he inherited very little. that's one of th incredible things is just the story of father and a son and this relationship that they had through the years and just how donald tru created this narrative, you know, in 1976 when he w notar out of wharton that he basically appropriated his father's wealth as his own in newaper stories. he made a huge splash in manhattan. i'm worth hundreds of millions of dollars. nothing could have been further from the truth. it was fred trump's money. woodruff: susanne craig, extraordinary reporting. 38 pages when you print it out at "the new york times."th k you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: we return now tocs poliand new questions about judge kavanaugh's past,

and the future of his confirmation battle in the senate. for more, we turn now to senator chris coons. he's a democrat from delaware an judiciary committee. senator, thank you for joining us. again, what do you know at this point about the stte of the f.b.i. investigation this onsupplemental investiga >> judy, i know that it's ongoing. i know that agents have been investigating and interviewing people over the last couple of days. i do not know what the exact scope is of this investigation or when theyntend to bng it to a close. >> woodruff: well, as our lisa deardins reported a few minutes ago, there is now a letter from dr. christine fo's attorneys to the f.b.i. saying that none of theti infor they've offered, their phone calls have not been returned, the information dave offered to turnover, e f.b.i. hasn't taken them up on that. what's your understanding of their efforts to seek any further information from dr. christine ford? >> i don't have direct knowledge

of this from the f.b.i. obviously. but i think that both judge kavanaugh and dr. ford should have been questioned early in this process and then the other individuals who madeti allegas against judge kavanaugh or documents that were brought forward in last week's senate judiciary committee testi last thursday should be used as a basis for further investigation. i was concerned, judy, last sunday, when there were press reports that the entire investigation was going to tent of questioning four individuals, and that would be it. i cey had imagined a broader, more open, more full investigation this week. i was encouraged when president trump said he had directed the white house counsel, don mce hn, to say that thb.i. should be free to pursue all reasonable investigatory leads is week as they pursue the credible claims in front of the judiciary committee.

i don't think we'll know exactly how many people were interviewed and by whom uil friday, but i also have tried to refer forward to the f.b.i. people who have contacted my office. i'm novouching for the credibility of their claims. i'm just trying to make sure that we're doing our job and passing them forward promptly, ltd i have found that process a little diffi >> woodruff: so how will you poow when you see or at some t you will see the results of f.b.i.'s work, how will you know that they'veone the thorough investigation that you believe they should have? >> well, to be clear, this is the nature of a compromise, judy. ll i were designing an f.b.i. -up background investigation into the allegations against judge kavanaugh, it would last much adnger and be much b than what i suspect will be accomplishedhis week. but i ask, i implored my good friend and colleague sor jeff flake last friday to consider a one-dweek pause to allow the f.b.i. to investigate the allegations that were righto in fro us at that point.

that is what i have worked hard in the last couple of days to ma sure happens. that's what i believe republican senators are wking to make happen. and the f.b.i. has a lot of resources and a lot of age they're capable of pursuing parallel investigations. they should be ae to interview dozens of people in a week, but i don't know exactly how broad the scope will be, and i'm not sure what will be in the final report that the senate should receive this friday. >> woodruff: what is your read on your republican colleagues who have not decmslared theves yet on judge kavanaugh, on whether they are open to not supporting his nomination if theyon't feel satisfied by the results of this investigation. >> well,udy, i'm not going the characterize recent conversations, but i'll say that publicly, you know, last week they said a few key republican sertors that if there wee not a one-week pause for the f.b.i.

to investigate the allegations in front of the committee, then they weren't comfortable voting oture, voting to move ahead with his confirmation. so it's my expectation that's what prep tainted this -- precipitated this week. i did publish an editorial today in a newspaper here in washington that lays out what i would expect would be in that f.b.i. background investigation. but i think what has proved ud s forward hat i'm grateful for is the assertion by a few undecided republican senators that they thought there weres allegati front of the committee that deserved to be investigated, eithero clear judge kavanaugh of these allegations or to corroborate rae allegations made by dr. ford, deborarez ramirez and others. >> woodruff: senator, there is more conversation now about truth and temperament, about whether judge kavanaugh adhered to what is known to be the facts, the truth, w he was testifying about his own past and tt he temperamat he

displayed. are those going to be part of senators' decisions when they decide whether to confirm or not? >> i think they should be, because i think tempertam fitness goes to our advice and consent role different senators i think will reach different conclusions. ve the very long, very heated, emotional hearing that we ivd last thursday, dr. ford came forward withting testimony. i am convinced that she believes she was assaulted and i am convinced that judge kavanaugh believes he did not commit that assault. but it is very difficult to reconcile thosewo competing narratives. i do think that judge kavaugh ras aggressive in the ways he ined with several members of the committee and came up to orven crossed the line in aerms of the partnership of his accusations st the senate committee and the democrats on the committee. i think judge kavanaugh would have been better served to le those arguments to his partisan

defenders on the committee rather than making those arguments so forcefully himself in that setting. >> woodruff: and just to be clear, ylyou definiave decided to vote no? >> i concluded at the end ofhe previous round of confirmation hearings that because of judgh'e kavanaextreme views on presidential power and on substantive due process and individual liberty that i would vote against his nomination. that was before dr. ford's allegations were the subject ofg a y hearing. >> woodruff: senator chris coons of delaware, we thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: now, how some scho very difficult questions surrounding consent, asslt, allegations and consequences. that conversation was happening prior to the claims made against judge kavanaugh, but as william brangham tells us, this has given new momentumwhat some see as a teachable moment.

he focus of this week's education segment, "making the grade". >> brangham: in a minute, we'll look at the different ways schools are grappling with this n momentme. but first, let's hear from some students. before last we christine blasey ford and brett kavanaugh, our own student reporting labs asked teenagers around the country this question: should adults be held accountable for things y ey did when tre younger? here's some of what they had to sa >> as a teenager, you're always toll how what you do now can affect your future, so i think accountability is really important. >> i think once they've paid the consequence, then people should just move on from it and it should be over with. >> you're more prone to make mistakes and learn from them, but it does depend on te severity of the mistakes that you do take part in as a teenager. >> i think that a big part of being a teenager is doing

irresponsible things that probably are not in oeur bst interest in order to learn and grow from them. >> i do believe that some of the antis and some of the major life choices they should be held accountable for. >> when it t comes things like rape allegations and drug possession and d.i.s, tse things stay with you for life for a reason, and i think t those things we should bring up later. >> we have social media, unlike my parraents' geon, where they could do something and it not be documented or, you know, seen by earn in the school. >> social medeia literally, l everyone finds out about everything. so nothing is technically ever gone >> there are things you have to watch what youe post becau reap what you sew. it can eveually come back on your later. >> say you get in a job, they can look on youroo facand see all this stuff you post and think, hey, that's not the

person i want theire. >> brangham: those were students from across the u.s., interviewed by the newshour's student reporting labs. how schools and administrators and teachers deal with this event is a whole different issue. and here with me now is "education week's" evie blad. >>welcome back. hank you. >> brangham: so this is a very fraught moment for the country. i'm curious what your reporting is showing. how are schools handling this? >> it's obviously a very divisive issue. it's one that students bring their own personal experiences, the things they're hearing from eir family and friends, and their own understanding of the news and events at the table. it fits in the context witvih education conversations that had been pretty intense in the last couple years as studts have been more engaged with the news and with a divisive political climate. it also fits in with this understanding of the "me too move. , which folks had hoped that students would be listening and personalizing some of the nversations about connt and power and decision making, but

th is one of the firs big high-profile stories in recent years that has centered on behavior that took place when both the alleged assailant and the alleged victim were in high school. you know new york some ways tstudents can relate to and personalize it a lot more easily. s reallyham: i struck in the reporting about how during the course of the lsarings when they were being televised that co sexual violence hot lines went up by one account almost 200%. i'm curious, has that happened at the schools, as wel? have children been somehow ooved by this to say, i'm now going to share mywn story? >> right. ms talked to some victi advocacy groups who said it's a little too early to tell exactly how this is affecting women inai cegroups or people in general. but there are groups that are trying tapkind oftalize on this moment, trying to use it tl take... tostudents to personalize, think about, and press issues like consent.

they started a #metoo k12. some of the biggest learning for students is happening about these issues is not discussing the allegations specifically against judge kavanaugh, but some of thend secoy stories that are coming out of it. eten the president t recently that he believed that dr. ford should have or would have shared those allegations with police when she was younger, there was a #whyididn'treport circulating on twitter, that talked about how this can be ai comcated issue for victims. that could be a teachable moment y r students. ism obviouwe live in a very diverse country, different religious tradition, different cultural values. how does -- when you talk about the issue of consent in particular, do schools teach that as part of a sex ed curriculum? >> what schools teach in america about sex education is a really

varied patchwork. a lot of whatsecided about what is taught in the classroom is set by state mandates a states have very different ideas ch,ut what schools should tea what they should be prevented from teaching, and what decisions should be left up to them. there is a growing move. to focus less on specific behaviors, contraceptives and things like that, and to focus more broadly on decision mak and developing a personal ethic. and there are some conversations about consent that are coming into play, having students discuss real-life situations, the difficulties of the desions they may face, the impact of those decisions. and there are some states that are really moving forward with some new mandates in california, for example, a couple of years ago created a law that requires schools that teach sex e in k-12 to teach affirmative con send, which is basically s means yes rather than no means

no. brangham: in every school? >> yes, but that is far more progressive. this is a social climte in some areas that says this is the role of the family. brangham: back to the blasey ford-kavanaugh hearings, did schools run the hearings? did they show them in class? did they show excerpts? what did your reporting show. >> there wasn't a universalme response from eachers who said this was an unavoidable moment. some showed clips of th hearings to have discussions. some of them allowed students to live stream it and allowed some to --. >> brangham: on their phones even? >> yes. and a lot of them are havin conversations about how did we get to this moment. i think there's a lot of assumptions among older adults about what they're bringing to the table in how thengs. we heard from a school in san francio that was having actually a teach-in on anita

hill. and we're hearing s talking about the gender balance in the senate. and some less controversial issues that aren't related to sex and consent but are related to say the separation of powers. we've got all three branches at play here, and then some basic questions students can talk about in their mind. why is the supreme court so important, why people still emotional about is t. what d mean when party has control of the senate. what would it look likthe if is confirmation hearing were happening when the president and senate of different parties. >> brangham: evie blad of education week, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: violence has re- erupted in libya. the u.n.-backed goverent has declared a state of emergency

after fighting between rival militias killed more than 100 atople in the capital tripoli. the sin is particularly dire for migrants. libya is the major gateway f africans en route to eteope-- an esti700,000 are now caught in the lthyan crossfire. fragile government in tripoli has prevented foreign reporters frounentering the y for months. but newshour special correspondent chriopher livesay and videographer alessandro pavone were granted rare access, and filed this exclusive report; they ben in the capital, tripoli. >> reporter: these are rare ursights for american jonalists to film in libya these days. but we're the first u.s. tv crew to enter the country since last year, to report on libya's migrant crisis, a heaving calamity in an unstable land we're under constant observation by government minders, their suspicion shadowing us everywhere. they don't want us seeing this:

the thousands of migrants and refugees from throughout africa and beyondwho use libya as a way station north, t teurope. eachime we try filming them at government facilities... >> reporter: ...libyan authorities shuts down. >> you are not allowed to film! but why? we have permits! with a hidden camera, we manage to filir inside this aaneha ngar, where guinean migrants from west africa are about to be flown back to their home untry. but we're caught. no government official would explain the obstruction on camera. many migrants hope for a better life, but often, they have left war and desperation at home, and fallen victim to the unforgiving mediterranean, to indefinite government detentionn land, or fallen prey to traffickers who torture, and even sell them for money.

and it is because of those traffickers that libya wo allow american journalists in for nearly a year, after cnnsh ed african migrants being auctioned off at a libyan slave market last november. >> 400, 500, 600. >> reporter: at a clinic inw tripoli e meet a 19-year-old somali named abdul elimi. he says he comes to the clinic from his shared apartment everyday to get treatment for his mutilated legs and fingers, wounds inflicted by migrant traffickers. his saga began last year in somalia, more than 4,000 miles from here, he says, after militants from al shabaab, an east african jihadist group, murdered his brother, and threatened to kill the rest of his family. >> ( translated ): i had to flee. my family paid traffickers t take me to europe. but they held me in libya and tortured me. erthen they sold me to ano group of traffickers that demanded more money. when i couldn't pay, they nearly beat me to dea.

>> reporter: hamud gave us this video filmed by a fellow migrant. she says it shows he traffickers torturing a fellow somali, in the same hidden location and the same way they tortured him. >at> ( tran ): they also electrocuted me, and abandoned me with gaping wounds on the side of the road. i thought i was going to die. >> reporter: he wants to tell us more. but the government minders are watching, and we fear for his safety.ch unid this s and fear, the international coy is tryiisng to help: federico sod the mediterranean director of the united nations migration agency. it cooperates with the libyan government to fly willing migrants back to their countries of origin. he says those they help have given up trying to get to europe, after enduring inhuman conditions inside detention centers. >> most of the migrants that we assist we're getting from migrant centers.

we're getting them out of most likely abusive situations. >> reporter: abussie conditions e the detention centers? >> yes. there's abuse, there's crowding there's serious sanitation issues, terms of hygiene. >> reporter: we're talking about detention ycenters sanctioned the government. >> yes, but we'rtalking about government that a has very loose control of the situation. >> reporter: loose control, because libya has been in disarray ever since the nato-ck ed overthrow of muammar gaddafi in 2011. he had ruled the natiod for decades evented migrants from sailing to europe. today, the oil-rich couny remains divided: a u.n.-backed government sits in tripoli, a rival administration rules in the east, and in between:us

numero well-armed militias. recently, violence has re- erupted between rival militias in trikipoliing dozens. soda says trafficks have taken advantage of the power vacuum, and more than 1,000 miles of lirobyan coastline facing . once migrants get to the libyan coast, traffickers send them off to europe in overcroed, unsafe boats. more than 70,000 migrants have arrived in eure so far this ar. most must first cross the sahara desert. it's stisriking how similar it to the desert in the american southwest. botonh places are on the line of an immigration crisis, with migrants from politicallyim unstableverished countries in the south, trying to reach wealthier countries in the north. the difference is, in the us, that final frontie is the desert. here in libya, it's the sea. so far this year, more than 1700 migrant deaths have been

recorded in thmediterranean. most do survive. but a growing number are being turanned back, as mormore countries led by italy's new government refuse to accept th instead, the libyan coast guard takes the migrants back to libyan detention centers with ghassan salame is the u.n special envoy to libya. >> let's be frank:teany of these ion centers are overcrowded. some of them lack the minimum that is required by international humanitarian law to ddeal with migrants refugees. on top of that, some o them, we don't even have access to them. >> reporter: we travel to the western port city of sabratha, anarea notorious fornt traffickers who crowd their passengers in unsafe boats for europe. basim bashir al ghrabi the local chief of the department for combating illegal migration. >> ( translated ): our task is to rescue migrants at sea and bring them back to safety.

>> reporter: you say rescue, bu they don't w be rescued, do they? they want to go to europe. >> ( translated ): we are here for humanitart ian reasons. will use all forces necessary to prevent migrants from coming here. >> reporter anything to prevent migrants from coming here. we've heard reports of abuse of migrants in libya. is that the case in sabratha as well? >> ( translated ): i respect the migrant's humanity. they areoor, weak people. it's absurd to use force against them. >> reporter: but not uncommon. back in tripoli, we meet up again with hamud, the somali refugee from the clinic. this time in secret. it's friday, a holy day, offering us a rare moment free r minders, who have go to the mosque to pray. we're on our way to a neighborhood called abu salim. we've been warned that we have to maintain a very low prof te to re. there was a shootout reported this morning.

a shootout, we're told, between . dominant militia, and unwelcome refuge hamud meets us on the street, and rushes us inside the apartment he shares with eight other young africans. >> ( translated ): i can't work to pay my rent. my landlord will evict me in three days. i don't know what i'm going to do. i can't cross the sea to europe like this. i'm trapped. >> reporter: he blames the traffickers who beat him. but they're not alon he says when the traffickers left him to die, libyan authorities refused to take him straight to a hospital. instead, they put him in a detention center. >> ( translated ): thee kept me thr two days. by then, gangrene spread over my wounds. and the doctor had to amputate my fingers, my left leg, and my right foot. i haven't had the courage to tell my mother yet. it would break her heart. >> reporter: but he hasn't lost hope. he's in touch with a cousin in canada. hopefully they can be reunited, he says. soon after we parted ways, hamud

endured yet more hardship: libyan police apprehended him for no reason, he says, and beat m with the handles of their guns, then stole $200-- mhaey his frienddonated to help him out. ook this video after the beating. libyan police vowed to kill him the next time they saw him, he says. when we asked him why, he said, "because i'm a migrant, and they know there's nothing i can do about it. this is libya." the government in tripoli did fnot respond to our reque comment. anwhile, thousands continue to attempt the crossing out of libya. but as libya's political turmoil endures, a europe tightens its borders, more migrants like hamud have no choice but to stay. for the pbs newshour, i'm christopher livesay, in tripoli.

>> woodruff: next, this year's nobel prize in physics. the honor was shared today for work done with high intensity light. those breakthroughs eventually lead to practical applications used today. and it inudes sharing the award with a woman for the first time in 55 years. na nawaz has our conversation. >> nawaz: the nobe award the prize to a trio of scientists. arthur ashkin of the united lledes invented so-ca "optical tweezers," highly focused beams that can manipulate microscopic osmects and orga gerard mourou of france and doa strickland of canada together developed a method to intensify laser beams in short pulses, which led to a number of applications, including laser eyrgsuy. donna strickland is just the third woman in history to win a nobel in physics and she joins me now. dr. land, thank you for being with us. congratulations.

i should point out, that method you developed was with dr. mourou, with whom yu share the prize. you did that work back when you were a graduate student. did wu ever imagine thauld lead the a nobel prize? >> no. ertainly not when we w working on it. we thought it would be important, but no. >> nawaz: at was that momnt like when you got notification? >> it's 5:o a.m., syour barely thinking, at east for me. it's surprising. it's one of those things you can't believe is happening to yo i my husband aere there going, oh, my goodness. >> nawaz: that work that we mentioned earlier, it has seryday applications. laser eyegery is one people might be familiar with. where else caen people work? >> i don't know they would see it arounthem. i think that's the one application that goes right to the public. there e laser machining

application other n other things than just the eye, but that iwould be carried o certain industries, and much of the work that's being done around the world is still in research labs. >> nawaz: you mentioned as we introduced you, you'rable towo thirn ever to win the nobel prize in physics. the first woman in 55 years to do so. let me put this to you: why do you think that is?n' why more women their that llnor? >> w, again, i don't really quite know, but, of course, when i was doing my ph.d., there were only 10%, if i went to conference, it would only be 10% women. that said, why didn't women at least get it every ten years, i don't ow. it's one of those things. but i think things keep changing and for the better,so i'mure we'll see more as time goes on. >> nawaz: to that point, have you seen things cnging? have you seen things get bet center it's a field women are sorely underrepresented in. >> obviously it's getting better.

the last woman who won it didn'f get paid mos her career to do her science. i cited in my thesis work she did in 1939, but i believe it was the '50s before she got paid.a so shes getting paid to be a scientist before winning the nobel prize, azbut it's aming that as a woman she wasn't considered to be worthy of being paid as a scientist. that's changed. obviously i've always been paid like my mle counterparts, i've never thought they wasn't being. treated eq so things do keep changing. >> nawaz: they do indeed. i should ask you now if you are giving interviews, being celebrated for your work, you have a chance to send ae mess now to millions over young women out there who might be interested in pursuing a career in a similar field. what would you say to themow? >> i would say the same as i would to male or female, you should always be doing something that you want y. want to do, put blinders on and just do it. don't ever let tnybody elell you that you shouldn't do it.

i think everybody knows themselveses thbest and listen to yourself and just go forwhat you want. >> nawaz: you're obviously sharing your work and bein celebrated today. how does the nobel prize winner actually celebrate once you learn you've won that award? >> well, my husband contacted the local restaurant critic. he asked where we should tae s wife out to dinner, and we're ing to the nicest restaurant according to the critic. that's where we celebrated our tenth wedding anniversary and now it's going to be to celebrate the nobel prize. so that's where we're going tonight. >> nawaz: enjoy your meal and enjoy the prize. thank you very much, donna stricklandfor talking to us. >> woodruff: later this evening on pbs, "frontline" presents a film about the investigation ussian interference in the 2016 election and how it may threaten the trump presidency.

"trump's showdown" traces the dramatic events that have led the nation to the brink of what crisis and trump's contentious relationship wecial counsel robert mueller. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. r all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of social change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations i education, democratic engagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org.

♪ ♪ - this week we're coming to you from tokyo, we're on the oldest shopping street in town, established around the th century. it's connected to a temple just down the way. we're here to cook with someone you probably know, elizabeth andoh. she's been in japan since the 1960s, she's an expert in japanese home cooking, wrten many books, and we're going to cook two really simple home dishes: a chicken teriyaki-- these are chicken thighs cooked in a skillet and then put on a bed of greens and rice.