captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> nawaz: good evewang, i'm amna judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, a mo.trous storm makes landfa hurricane michael lashes the gulf coast with category four winds andangerous storm surge then, president swump demands s from saudi arabia after a prominent saudi writer goes missing. plus, farm to table: miles o'brien continues our look at the fight over regulating pesticides. >> we need farming that doesn't poison the workers. we need farming that doesn't s in toxic residues comi home in everybody's grocery baskets and ending up on the plates of their children. >> nawaz: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

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of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for tblic broadcasting. and by contributioyour pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> nawaz: its the strongest storm ever recorded on the florida panhandle, and the strongest anywhere on the u.s. mainland in nearly 50 years. hurricane "michael" made landfall today with winds of 155 m.p. and a storm surge of 14 feet. the waves built all morning, and the wind grew stronger by the hour, bending trees in half and blasting rain sideways. then, early this afternoon, theo centthe storm came ashore r east of panama city, neamexico beach, with sustained winds at 155 miles per hour. supercharged by abnormally warm waters in the gulf of mexico,

the storm was just shy of a category 5 hurricarf, the most po on the scale. still, some of the 375,000 curesidents ordered to evaate, chose instead to ride it out. >> i love my little house, my fish and my boat so we're going to try and kp an eye on it. obably a stupid thing to do. but i have done duer things. >> nawaz: but federal, state and local officials alike warned it might be too late by then. brock long is the director of fema, the federal emergency management agency. >> those who sck around to experience storm surge don't typically live to tell about it. e nawaz: others did heed warnings.s and by trning, more than 5,000 evacuees were seeking shelter in tallahassee, the state capital. >> understanding that this storm might be a little bit more intense than the others so i think its a gooddea if people are concerned that they have an option, come here or some of the other shelters. >> nawaz: as the hurricane roared through the day, vilians and officials alike could only hunker down. but florida governor rick scott

had already said the state wasge ing up for what happens after the worst of "michael" has passed. >> we will work around the clock to make sure that roads and bridges reen as quickly as possible. we have trucks loaded with tons of food, water and other crovical supplies ready to me in. >> nawaz: the storm is also on a path to plow across georgia and then, through south and north s carolina, boll recovering from last month's hurricane "florence." >> winds will be strong enough to rip tarps from roof damaged by florence. winds will be strong enough to bring down trees weakened by florence, especially with turated ground. >> nawaz: fema, already coping with the aftermath of "florence," is warning that recovery from "michael" could be slow. >> this is, here again and i keep saying this word far too much, is unprecedented. the power is going to be off for multiple weeks and you need to get your mindset set on that and do what you can to prepare to overcome that.

>> nawaz: from the oval office today, president trump promised ll federal aid to storm victims. he said he will probably visit florida, to see the dage, on sunday or monday. >> nawaz: and for the latest on hurricane michael and where it's headed over the next 24 hours, we're ken graham, director of the national hurricane center. he joins me from miami, florida. mr. graham, thanks for making the time. tell us now, we're talng to u a little after 5:00 p.m. eastern. what's the latest that we know about the strength and the intensity of this storm? >> yeah, we got some brand-new information that just came in. we're looking at still winds o 125mph, which is incredible since we're already inland. so you still have some of those hurricane-force wig s. we're look movement. still about 16mph. so it's speeding up iatmes. luckily we're not getting some of those high rainfall totals, but we are having soe issues, of course, with the wind. being inland like, that we still expect hurricane-force winds to stretch into central portions of georgia, so not just a coastal

event. you'll get some trees down and some power outages even stretching into central georgia. >> nawaz: talk about those hurricane-force nds even further inland. a lot of people were talking about this being a worst-ce scenario storm. is that still the case? where does most of the danger oe? >> a lof it was, of course, ree winds when you have a system this strong, yooing to have winds that are just absolutely destructive. once we started seeing some of the damaged areas, you'll see the structural damage, collapse buildings and rooftops and tree dower outages for weeks. what always scares me in these events is the storm surge, because half of the fatality in these tropical systems is the st lm surge. if yk at water in general, including the inland flooding, you start getting 90% of the fatalities. we've had reports of very large storm surges. we just updated these values a little bit ago. t you push ais water in with all this force from the hurricane-force winds, ander little channel, every little river fills upin welland new

york some cases ten to 15 miles. it takes time now that the wind relaxes. it takes time to drain all of that out there. so the vues are going the stay high. the water is always the most dangerous part of these. >> nawaz: and tell us about the path now. where does this storm head next? >> yeah, next weng're loot continuing to move to the northeast, and if you think about this, it's interesting. so at some point we'll continue to be a hurricane and eventual lay tropical storm, continuing to be a trghical storm thr the carolinas and actually exiting back into the atlantic. so it's an interesting case here. you think about the flow around michael, you have some on-shore flow. we have tropical storm warningsd from georgia a the carolinas. so this is becoming an atlantic issue, too. >> nawaz: ken graham at the national hurricane center, thanks for your time. >> you bet. >> nawaz: now a closer look at the impact of hurricane michael so far. panama city beach is getting hit hard. i spoke withth mayor mikmas by phone this afternoon as the storm was making landfall.

>> there's damage. i think we're goio get less than i was expecting with the strength of this storm and all in panama city beach. i think panama city and mexico beach and st. joe are going to get a little worse. it jogged just a little bit e the eastre it hit us, and the winds are horrible right now, the squalls coming through, the surf was up real high, but all in all we're in pretty good shape. >> naz: tell me a bit me if you can. many people have never been threw a storm like this. can you describe what you're theing? >> well, make-up of a hurricane is amazing. wh the bands come thgh, one minute it will be blowing out the front of you. the next it's blowing from behind you. it is amzing the way, the dynamics change. on the other end of the hurricane, i was lookg over in apalachicola, running in the city streets, the sustained

winds will just take your breath away sometimes. >> nawaz: this is looking li an historic storm potentially. what are you most con about in the coming days? >> this thing happened so quick. it came out of the caribbean, and one minute they were talkint abou little bit, and the next minute came. they did a good job. they warned everybody ahead of time in our state. our local peopleave offered everything they got and warned everybody ahead of time. some people are just concerned about leaving. and when you leave and evrybody leaves, there's no hotels around, there's in gas around, and it's difficult to persuade somebody to leave and make them feel good about it. >> nawaz: what about the people who chose to ride this out? are you concerned about them? and are you getting the response that you need? >> i worry about people trying to get back too quick.

power lines are down. there's still a lot of danger out here. these gusts are sti pretty strong. and i've been through a bunch of them. i've lived he all my fe, and i'm getting very old. but it's just something you have to use common sense out. i hope everybody will. >> nawaz: mayor mike thomas, thank yo >> nawaz: a financial storm sent wall street to dramatic loy,es tohe worst in eight months. the dow jones industrial average plunged 831 points, oro poose at 25,598. the nasdaq fell 31ts, 4%, and the s&p 500 gave up 94 points, also 3%. for more, we turn hugh johnson, chief investment officer at hugh johnson advisors. mr. johnson, thanks for making the time. i want to ask you about something the president just saidhemoments ago. alled what we're seeing here a correction we've been wailong for for g time is.

that your read on what we saw today? >> yeah, you know, amna, everybody is going to have a very different opinion on that. the real question that's beings raised is is tmply a correction in an ongoing bull market or a bull marks that ha further to go, or, you know, this has been a very long bull market, so many are asking the question: is this the end of a bull market and the start of a bear market that will be accompanied by an economic recession? my answer to that question is essentially in agreement with the prsident that based on everything that i'm looking at, this looks to me as a correction and a severe correction in an ongoing bull market. from that point oview, amna, i guess you have to say that's a silver lining behind the dark cloud of what happened today. a stoc getting to levels that are starting to make a lot more sense from a value point of view.lp >> nawaz: s understand some of the elements behind the drop today. tech companies were particularly

e rd hit. theyually a hot sector in the economy. what happened there? >> that's a real good exastmple. thk market itself, of course, has been such a long bull market, andverybody instinctively says it's been that long a bull market, maybe s shouldin or sell a few stocks to reduce my exposure to the equity markets, and they say that in particular about technology, because technology, the tecology stocks, things like facebook and apple and netflix and google, they have had a big run to the up side.s their valuatire very rich, so they're really not only talking about the brd market being a little bit pricier, having had a long bull market,ta but we'rking in particular about technology stocks and the worry, of course, is that we're going to get a slowdown in the earnings there. but basally they got to leels which everybody worries about, that they're too high, and therefore that's a real target for reducing your expi exposure or your stocks or your equity

exposure. >> nawaz: the pesident mentioned the federal reserve tightening its monetary policy. what about tightening interest rates? does tat contribute e decline we saw today? >> good point.rv the federal rehas been raising interest rates for a while. longer-term interest rates in respon to that have alo been going up. i think what's happened, amna, what's really concerned everybody is everything has been pretty gradual, but the rate picture got a little bit more severe in the last three or four days when we saw what might be called a spike up in interest rates, and that alone was reallo sopart of the catalyst along with the concerns actloed tech stocks. those two things together got a lot of everybody that was sort of edgy abo this market, it got them off the fence and got them selling. that started to feed on itself. no question about it, interest rates, theigh leel of technology stocks, those combined to be the catalyst tong get people sel >> nawaz: very briefly, there has been a lot of talk about trade tension, specifically

tariffs between the u.d china. how did those play a role in today? >> they playe yarole becausu have a lot of companies now that are starting to feel or see them ct on their operating profits from those tariffs. they're telling us a it. so the concern there is that companies are not going to post the kind ofwe earnings wee hoping for or expecting, and that's largely because of the impact of trade and taffs on their earnings. we're tarting to see lots and lots of reports to tht effect. >> nawaz: hugh johnson, thank you very much. >> you're welcome. >> nawaz: in the day's other sews, rescue crews in indonesia spent a final daching for earthquake and tsunami victims, before that effort officially ends on thursday. the confirmed death toll now stands at 2,045, but authorities say thousands more could be buried under tons of mud. some 10,000 workers, with the help of excavators, have been digging through mounds of debris and earth.an some say they'll keep going. >> ( translated ): we are hoping

that we can find more bodies that are buried underground.e the many more victims that are buried, but what can we do? the rubble makes the job complicated even with the aid of heavy machinery. will try our best everyday to find all the victims >> nawaz: meanwhile, the indonesian government said it is turning atntion to rebuilding those communities. more than 82,000 people lost their homes in tam quake and ts k ya, 55 people were killed early this morning when their bus plunged off a road and down police officials said the bus was not licensed to operate at night, and the driver lost control. nine childrewere among the dead. pope francis condemned abortion today, comparing it to a hired killing. he spoke during his weekly audience in st. peter's square, and insisted there's no excuse for taking a life. >> ( translated ): a contradictory approach allows also the suppressionman life in the mother's womb in the name of safeguarding other rights. i ask you: is it right to hire a

hitman to solve a problem?s you cannot, itt right to kill a human being, regardless of how small it is, to solve a proble >> nawaz: when he first became pope, francis argued that roman catholic teaching against abortion was clear, without him speaking about it. but church conservatives have urged him to be more vocal. back in this country, the secretary of homeland security warned that china is waging an intensive campgn to sway u.s. public opinion, ahead of the midterm elections. kirstjen nielsen testified at a senate hearing today, and echoed claims made by president trump last month. but she also said there's no evidence yet that the chinese have tried to compromise registration rolls or voting machines. at that same hearing, thef. director of thi. confirmed that a supplemental background check of brett kavanaugh was limited. its focus was on sexual assault allegations against the u.s. supreme court nominee. wray testified today that the white house set the limits, but he suggestedhat was not unusual. >> our supplemental update to

the previous background investigation was limited in scope and that that isnt consisith the standard process for such investigations going back quite a long ways. i have spoken with our hckground investigation specialists and the assured me that this was handled in the way that is consistent with their experience and the standard process. >> nawaz: wray declined to give specifics, or say if the f.b.i. had investigated whether kavanaugh ed under oath. the supreme court heard arguments today over detaining immigrants convicted of crimes.n the casers on people given green cards, and allowed to live and work in the u.s. permently. the government says if they break u.s. laws, they can be held indefinitely, pending deportation. the green card holders say they rve hearings to argue fo their release, while their deportation cases proceed. president trump is stepping up attacks on docrats over ahe universath care proposal known as "medicare-for-all". he wrote in "usa today it would "eviscerate" existing benefits for seniors.at

demoargue it would increase coverage. the president also signed legiation aimed at cutting prescription drug prices. and, the justice department gave initial approval to letting pharmacy giant cvs health merge with health insurer aetna. the mo is valued at $69 billion. thlcompanies say the deal w cut costs by encouraging patients to visit walk-in clinics at cvs outlets. some consumer groups warn it could limit choice and drive up prices. under the deal, aetna will sell its medicare part d drug plan business. still to come on the newshour: questions remain in the disappearance of saudi dissiggnt jamal khasin turkey. the president announces a major change in ethanol gasoline rules in an effort to help farmers. rohingya refugee women strgle with the burden of children born from rape by the myanmar military. plus, a look at the health and economic risks associated with banning a controversial pesticide.

>> nawaz: the case of a missing journalist is now threatening to pact the united states relationship with major ally saudi arabia. jamal khassogi has not been seen for more than a week. saudi arabia says it doesn't know where he is. but turkish officials say he waa killed in ul and are beginning to release grisly details that are leading to mann quesin washington. nick schifrin starts our asverage. >> schifrin: thetime jamal khassogi was seen alive, he walked into saudi's arabia's istanbul consulate thinking hewa safe. the 59-year-old prominent journalist had told friends not to worry his fiancee waited outside, expecting him to emerge withpa rs allowing them to marry. but just hours before, 15 saudit flewistanbul as, what a turkish official told local media was a hit sqr d. d newspapeose to the government reportethe men had

connections with saudi military and intelligence, and it also published eir movements, including one of the planes they used to arrive that morning, and leave that night. turkish officials told inernational media tse men likely killed khassogi on orders from saudi leadership and dismemberehis body with a saw. >> thank you all for coming. >> schifrin: khashoggi ud to be a saudi government advisor, and always supported modernization efforts led by saudi crown prince mohammad bin salman, known as mbs >> he is doing what we demanded of him to do. so why am i being critical? simply because he is doing the right things the wrong way. very wrong way. >> schifrin: he opposed mohammad bin salman's tactics, what khashoggi described as a crackdowon criticism, including female activists who've been arrested. khashoggi said mohammad bin salam stifled dissent. >> the environment in saudi arabia does not allow for constructive criticism, or constructive debate, a discourse, about lively matters,

matters that are going to affecs n the future. >> i've never been more disturbed than i am right now. >> schifrin: republicanha lawmaker traditionally declined to criticize u.s.-ally udi arabia. other leading senators triggered a process that automatically imposes san ctions saudi arabia if it murders khashoggi. >> all of us are taking it very seriously and urgg pretty dramatic steps to be taken. >> schifrin: capitol skepticism has been rising with civilian casualty reports from yemen, where the u.s. supports a saudi arabia-led coalition oughting iran-backed rebels. but the reports jamal khasoggi are pushing lawmakers to increase pressure on the administration. the administration is beginning to respond. a white house statemt said national security advisor john bolton, senior advisor jar kushner, and secretary of state mike pompeo talked with mohammad bin saan and "asked for more

details and for the saudi government to be transparent in the investigation process." and president trump increased iathe pressure on saudi ar when he said he wanted to meet khassoghi's fiance. >> we are in contact with her and we want to bring her to the white house. i have to find out who did it. but, people saw him go in but they didn't see come out, as they understand it. and, we're going to take a very serious look at it. it's a terrible thing. >> have you spoken to the? saud >> i would rather not say, but the answer is yes. >> schifrin: we take a deeperok t what this could mean for u.s. and saudi relations with senator chris murphy, a democrat eiom connecticut. he sits on the f relations committee. senator, thank you so much for joining us today. the chairman of the senate foreign relations committee, the ranking member, and you have en working on a letter that has just been released.

what does that letter say? what kind of pressure are you trying to put on the administration? >> so under existing global human rights law passed by the congress and signed by the president, the rking democrat and the chairman of the senate foreign relations committee have the ability to ask theti administ to come to a finding on a potential gross violatioof human rights abroad, and that's what this letter asks, for the president to make a determination as to whether jamal khashoggi was indeed executed by the saudis, egedas been all now, i think you have to take this letter with a grain of salt because it is asking the administration that has shown very little interest in getting to the bottom of thistory, to come up with a definitive finding, whichhey may be unlikely to do, but at least it requires the administration toh now go throa process by which they will have to medo so fact-finding to discover

whether, as we believe, the saudis executed this journalist. >> schifrin: that process last about 120 days. as i understand it, do you expect or perhaps do you hope that sanctions will be imposed on saudi arabia to show them that there are consequences if indeed jamal khashoggi was murdered? >> if those sanctions have to be triggered by a presidential finding then my expectations are low. i think the trump administration has not shown much interest in trying to figure out what happened here, and, of course, we know that there is this deep and unconditional bond that has been created between the trump administration and the saudi royal family that i imagine the administration is not going to be interested in breaking.t so if we aro impose sanctions or have some consequences for the potential murder of this journalist, it probably going to have to be congress acting on its own. so i'm glad this process i taking place. i was glad to sign a letter, but i also n't ha high

expectations that the administration is going to trigger sanctions. >> schifrin: this letter demands additional sanctions, but do you thinke meantime or in addition the u.s. should, for example, cut off arms sales nk saudi arabia? >> i thit's time for us to cut off arms sales. i'll be honest, i'vargued that we should do that separate and aside from the allegations concerning this journalist. but we're going to have to send some signal in the short term that the deliberate targeting of a journalist, a u.s. resident journalist, s unacceptable. it may take a long time for the administration to work through sanc cons regime. take the immediate step as congress of sussnding arm sale to the saudis. i think that would be -- i think at's worthy of discussion in the foreign relations committee in the upncoming days ad weeks. >> schifrin: let's talk about udi region and u.s.- relations. the u.s. administration's priorities in the middle east are to counter iran, counter

violent extremism to, get to some kind of attempt for an israeli the palestinian peace deal. fosaudi arabia is criticaall those three things some why do you have some critici of the administration for leaning on saudi arabia, for using saudi arabia as a linchpin across the , gion? >> weere is no doubt that saudi arabia has been key in creating a detente in the region between the sunni nations and israel, but on our other two objectives, the nature of theau u.s. alliance today is running coulter to our stated goals in the region. by backing th sau's play in yemen, for instance, we're making iran stronger, becauer the lohat civil war goes on, the deeper iran getsvo ed in the reistance there. we're supporting the saudis that

furo the extremists around the world. our relationship with the saudis run contrary toany of our goals in the middle east. >> schifrin: i've asked many t officials e department of defense about the war in yemen. they say, look, saudi arabia isn't perfect. of course there have been civilian casualty incidents inside yemen, but they are our ally we need to stand by them. and they are on the same side as us when it comes to yemen do. you believe saudi arab is on the same side? >> no, i don't think they're on the same side. i think tey've been misrepresenting the nature of the war inside yemen. they have been telling us they're not trying to hit civilians when the evidence to he contrary. the evidence tells us that they are rgeting civilians, that they are targeting civilian enfrastructure. it's not that tre missing their targets, it's that they're actually hitting their targets. and i think if it turns out that they've been lying to us over f

the law days about the murder of khashoggi, which i would argue they probay have been, then i think that's further evidence to tell us that they are also not telling us the truth when it. cost to the way in which targing is conducted insid yemen. all the evidence tells us they have been trying to hit civilians and they hae been succeeding. and we should withdraw from our military partnersh inside yemen, because we should never be part of any militaryev campaign if it's with a named ally new york which civilians are the target. >> schifrin: senator chris murphy, democrat fromco ecticut, thank you very much. >> thanks. >> nawaz: next, the subject of energy production was and center during a campaign-style rally president trump held in council bluffs, iowa last night. john yang has thstory. >> yang: in the heart of corn country, presidentrump made good on a campaign pledge to

farmers. >> my administration is protecting ethanol. >> yang: the president told a atuncil bluffs, iowa, rally he is directing the environmental protection agencyo ift a ban on summer sales of gasoline with 15 percent ethanol, known as "e-15." >> today we are unleasng the power of e-15 to fuel our country all year long, not eight >> yang: the move is a boon for corn farmers squeezed by low ices for their crop and by foreign tariffs. ethanol is a biofuel made from corn. since 2007, it has been blendeds withine. most gas today contains some ethanol. it was once touted as a greener fuel source.ly but increasi environmentalists oppose expanding its use. a thue the effects of growing more corn offsets ethanonefits. also against the move: oil companies. th have long opposed ethan

ded say high-ethanol fuel can damage engines in cars. the trump administrationai e.p.a. has wved some rules requiring ethanol's use in gas at the behest of oilroducers. >> i made that promise to you erring the primaries, reme i made that promise. promises made. promises kept. >> yang: politically, the president's move is seen as an effort to bolster farm-state republicans in tight races this fall, inuding some he singled out during tuesday's rally. in addition, allowing year-round sales of high-ethanol blends has been sought by iowa republicanuc senator grassley, who successfully shepherded the confirmation of supreme court justice brett kavanaugh.um mr. said the administration would move quickly to have the new rules in place by next summer. for a closer look at how the fortunes of corn factor into nearly everything in farm country, particularl election year, we turn to grant gerlock, a reporter with harvesc

puedia. he's based at net news, in lincoln, nebraska. grant gerlock, thanks for joining us. explain to us the pressures that corn producers are facing right now and how big a dea is this to expand the use ofeth -- of ethanol? >> well, corn prices have been down in the dumps for a few years now, and farm income has been on a downward trend for several years in aow. you mentioned the stress from the tariffs and those disputes with china and mexico and canada, and so farmers have been looking for any kind of goodmi news thaht point toward signs that maybe prices would increase and that incomes could come back up a lite bit. so they look at e-15 as something that could use more corn, because that's the most common thing that ethanol is made from.

and if e-15 is widely used in the u.., and that woutake a lot of work, it could use more trn that would be more demand for their corn thy sell. and it would help prices and als those thown the line. but it's just good news when there's been a lot of bad newsng coheir way. >> yang: explain to us why e. >> 15, why thes higher ethanol blends were banned in the summer months. >> well, e-15 wasn't even approved as a motor fuel until 2011. the e.p.a. approved it for most cars and trucks built after 2001. when they did that, they kept this restriction for about threo and a halfhs over the summer from june to mid-september, and the reaon they did twas because of smog. that's the concern. e-15 is more volatile than regular gasoline, ad so it's a bigger risk for causing ozone pollution. many parts of the country whereg s a problem during the

summer months, if there's smog pollution, it can be bor your health, especially if you have asthma orp cod, other respiratory illnesses. so they try to keep that smog. do that's one reason e-15 was not allowed to be sold during thatf timee year. but the trick, especially when you talk to ethanol groups about this, is that during those summer months when you can't buy e-15, you could still buy e10, the 10% blend of ethanol, which has about the same impact on ozone and those smog issues. so they saw that re of a technicality. the reason e-10 can be sol the summer and not e-15 is because e-10 was give an waiver, and e-15 did not have that liver. that's what they'king for the e.p.a. to do. that's what the president is directing the e.p.a. to do. >> yang: as we said in theta d piece, this is an iklely alliance between environmentalists and the oil industry against the president's proposal. you mentioned the increased smog

from e-15. there are othvi... nmentalists have other arguments against this. >> well, one thing targue is that ethanol was supposed to be the lower carbon fuel, and in their view, it has not measured up tthat promise. now, the e.p.a. stands by the finding that ethanol made from corn is still a reduction in greenhouse gasses compared to regular gasoline, but there have been a number of studies thate raestions about that, especially when it comes to looking at te impact on land use. when ethanol was first being built up, the industry was being built up, a lot of farmers saw this as a great opportunity because prices were going up, and so they took land that was in use for other things, like making hay or a pasture, and they sarted farming corn o that land. that came with a release of carbon when ose grasslands

were plowed up to raise corn for ethanol. there are other things that come along with that, habitat and te impact on water quality if there are issues with fertilizer running into the water. so those are things that environmental groups look at. they would like the cou onteract so those effects that they see from increased production of corn duto pro ethanol. >> yang: quickly, t oil industry says this would damage older cars. what's the argument there? >> yeah, itould damage older cars. they talk about that a lot. the broader issue for oil companies is that if you're using e-15, you're using 5% more ethanol in your gas tank, and that's 5% of etha yl thatou're using instead of gasoline made from oil. and this is at timen consumption of oil for gasoline has been on a doesn't ward trend. so you've got a shrinking pie here, and they're not looking give another 5% away to the ethanol industry. so they've really stringently

opposed this kind of expansion ou ethanol production and consumption, andee that in the people who support it and oppose it. ted cruz has been one of the biggest critics of e-15 expansion year round. some of the big supporters have been joanie ernst from iowa. so you have a oil state manyn texas and a coate in iowa on opposite sides of this issue. >> yang: grante grlock of net in nebanraska. you very much. >> you got it. >> nawaz: we begin now with a strong warning: this story and interview, which lasts about 10e mi contain graphic descriptions of sexual violence that will upset most viewers. last f prize was awarded to two people who fight the use of rape as a weapon of war. one, a survivor; the, a physician who treats them.

but this horrific tact endures, nowhere more prevalent than myanmar, where the ethnicgn cleansing campgainst the rohingya muslim minority has seen an explosion of rape. judy woodruff will elore some of the larger issues at stake here, but first, from the refugee camps of banadesh, where the rohingya have fled, special correspondent tania urshid reports. >> reporter: thi-month-old baby has no na. her 18-year-old mother, whose name and face we conceal to protect her identity, doesn't know what to call her. every time she holds the little girl, she says she is reminded of the violence that brought her daughter into being. of being brutally raped by members of myanmar military forces last year. the troops murdered her mother and sister in front of her, then kidnapped her and kept her for 10 days. six men stole her virginity, and gang raped her, repeedly. >> ( translated ): the military took us to a buddhist village,

threw us inside of school and kept us there. there were three of us.gh one they went out to dinner, and the wife of one ofe ldiers helped us leave. >> reporter: she managed tope esnd fled to bangladesh along with 700,000 rohingyas muslims who made the same trek orst year, walking through the jungle with no fooater.tr >> ( slated ): i noticed some changes in my body. i wasn't getting my period.as i realized iregnant. >> reporter: she gave birth in this sweltering hot dark hut with the help of a rohingya woma both she and her baby are malnourished. >> ( translated ): i feel really weak and restless. i'y lost the energy to hold child. since i've been here, i haven't been able to get a proper al. i eat very little, i have no energy. i'm nohappy with my life. >> reporter: she says deeply ashamed and has nothing to live for except her child. >> ( translated ): who is going to look after me?ha

now this baby, nobody will marry me. if i was married off i would have a child legitimately, not a baby out of rape, like i do now. >> reporter: cases like this are mmon throughout the bangladeshi refugee camps. this woman is one of thousands who were sexually assaulted during a bloody military crackdown by myanmar military forces and armed vigilante groups last year. the u.n. says military leaders involved must face genocide charges.es overcrowded refugee camps are among the largest in the world, where close to a million rohingya refugees seek shelter. rape as a weapon of war and persecution is not a foreign concept for the rohingya. e myanmar military has used sexual violence for decades. many are aware the womenre victimized. but in traditional rohingya muslim culture, rape is seen as bringing dishodsr to househ local heth experts here sayiv

the survors carry double the trauma, first from sexual assaults in myanmar. then in the campwhere they are isolated and excluded from society. they even face further sexual assaults from locals in the area. according to a u.n. security council report in march, humanitarian organizations have provided serviceto more than 2,700 survivors of sexual violence in the camps. the united nations populations fund has set up women friely spaces to help survivors with psycho-social and medical, support. but the reach has not been strong enough. though cases of rape are comingn at alarates to medical facilities in the area it's hard to trace to actual number of women who were impregnated. many are afraid to come forward due to shame and rejection from their family. they turn to communityrs and leaders instead. amy garrett, who works as a midwife with doctors without borders has seen this first hand

>> often the women are given blame for this happening which is crazy to think. the women have the blame, its eir fault and if they had been perpetrated by sexual violence if they are pregnant for that if they continue with pregnancy and they are unmarried, it brings shame on their family and they wi never be married. and in my experience, and what the women have told me, if you are an unmarried woman then life sometimes isn't worth living. >> reporter: to avoid being disgraced and exiled from her t communits 15-year-old girl, whose face we concealed at her request, made a difficult choice: she aborted her pregnancy at four months, while carrying her rapist's child. >> ( translated ): the doctoje gave me two ions and some medication. i took the medicine for three days. thenhe fetus came out of my womb. the medicine increased my heart rate. i felt really sick. i felt like a dead person when it happened. >> reporter: months later, she says her whole body still aches from the pain of the abortion.do but shn't regret the

choice. >>translated ): people don't like hearing about women who are raped and pregnant from it. they will not see us in a good light. if people find out i had a baby without a husband, people will harass me, and nobody will want to marry me. i'll be seen as a whore. >> reporter: but in her community, she is still widely known to have been raped. she spends a lot of time alone hiding in her hut, and risksas sexual hent from men and boys in the area. nurul bashar, is one of the fe"" majees," or ca leaders, in the area working to help survivors of sexual violence.he elped take six women to get abortions last year and continues to keep an eye on the girls. >> ( translated ): as a majee, it is my duty to help these women. i hope men in our community will not look at them in a bad way. i want to keep these women safe. it itythe world's responsibili to help them. as a majee, i have to help them a lot.ep >>ter: he says women in the camps remain vulnerable, and their best protection is marriage. ev then, the risks remain.

>> ( translated ): men will urly marry rapevors if the women have money, and if the girls can't provide any cash, then the men will leave them for being raped. >> reporter: with a community that views them as dishonored and unequal, survivors of violence continue to live in hiding. until those cultural stigmas around rape and sexual violence shift, thousands of girls will continue to suffer, toward an uncertain future.ho for the pbs ne, i'm tania rashid, in cox's bazar, bangladesh. >> woodruff: now, for more on the rohingya a related issues, including an award being given to those trying to stop such acts of inhumanity, we turn to "washington post" columnist david ignatius. david, thank you for talking with us.is what we've seeust unspeakable, unimaginable, and we knew a the myanmar military was doing, this didn't we? >> we did know.

part of the shock here is that these terrible things were happening and nothing reallwas done to stop them. i was lucky enough to meet a rohingya muslim lawyer who, after spending 12 years in ison, devoted himself to trying to save as many of his people ase could st june. it was an extraordinary meeting and a person who is a real-life hero trying the save these desperate people. >> woodruff: in fact, david, we know the reason you met him is becse you were part of the process of awarding a prize to him. 's a prize that's been given every year to people who are speaking out and working to stop these sorts of terrible,ma intarian things look we've seen in myanmar. why does -- does shining a liggett on these things make a difference? >> judy, this prize i hope does

shine a light and celebrate o heroism ur time. it's called the aurora prize for awakening humanity. it was creyated an armenian and two other armenian, the heads of carnegie fountion in new york and a businessman here in america. my own family is armenian originally, so this had meaninge fo the armenians i hope people know suffered from a tible genocide themselves in 191ea the f this prize was to honor those who in our time try prevent horrors like this from this is the third year that this prize has been given. this year's honoree, mr. cho, attempted to stop the genocide that's been taking against the rohingya muslims in myanmar.

the idea of this prize in a simple phrase is gratitude in action, gratitude from those who survived, se families survived, gratitude to those today who are trying to save others. >> woodruff: david, it's antl uphill ba isn't it? >> yes, these unspeakable crimes take place in our world, but i have also met the people who with incredible bravery are trying to stop these hor meet these people who are heroes does give you somee hope n as you are reminded of the horrors that go on around us. >> woodruff: you're so right. we have to have hope, because it is again to watch what has happened to, watch these young women, the rohingya young women who are faced with such aic horrible ch one has to be filled with despair. sonowing there are peple working to end this kind of

thing has to give us hop >> watching the story of the people in that camp, those women who have been victimized so much, you think of the bravery. you think of the people who are trying to help them, the midwife, the camp guide, and you think ofe all theple who, you know, in this nightmare, rlustrate this auora idea of gratitude in action. >>oodruff: david igtius with the "washington post," and again our thanks to tanya rashfo rash -- rasheethat remarkable reporting. thank you, dade. >> thanks, judy. >> nawaz: finally, the risks of potent pesticides long used inri culture. miles o'brien looks at why these pesticides are considered a key weapon irmer's arsenal, despite real health concerns. it's our weekly look at the

"leading edge" of science. >> reporter: it's always harvest time in california's central tion's fruit basket. but little else is certain here. just ask grower bob blakely. mean if you had a milli dollars, you'd be better off going to las vegas and gambling it than you would be going outg here and becomcitrus grower. >> reporter: growers must clear a high barhieve success. e fruit has to be perfec quality ofhe orange, if it esn't look pretty sitting on the supermarket shelf, they're not going to purchase it. >> reporter: which puts them at od with these little guys: cousins of grasshoppers called a katydids which do a lot of damage to crops. to kill katydids, many growers turn to a class of poten insecticides called organophosphates, the most widely used is chlorpyrifos, ntmanufactured by dow dupo. chlopyrifos works how fast? >> pretty much within minutes or

hour >> reporter: oh, okay. >> yeah. >> reporte some serious stuff. >> yeah. >> reporter:ntomologist beth grafton-cardwell is director of the lindve research and extension center. here, they grow citrus trees, deliberately subject them to an onslaught of pests, and then try to figure out the best way to kill them to save the produce. sometimes, the solution is an organophosphate like chlorpyrifos. >> because they're nerve poisons and broad spectrum and they're general, they'll kill the whole array of pests. >> reporter: but for the same reason o good a killing katydids, they are harmful to humans,ly especihildren. >> so, our kids continue vo be exposed tue of living near agricultural spraying.r: >> repor.c. berkeley professor and epidemiologist hibrenda eskenazi is resea te impact organophosphates have on children who live near the fields. she gan studying 600 pregnan

women in the salinas valley nearly 20 years ago. eskenazi foundregnant women with signs of organophosphates in their une gave birth earlier, had children with diminished i.q.'s, and more: >> attention problems when the kid was school age, lower i.q., in middle school age, poor executive function, a little bit later, and now we're beginning to show some signs of poor social cognition which is kind of related to autism like symptoms. >> reporter: claudia angulo lives beside the fields in the central valley with her four children. her 12-year old son has a.d.h.d. she is convinced it is caused by exposure to chlorpyrifos while he was in utero. >> ( translated ): well, as a mother, knowing abouththe pesticid caused this in my

child worries me. i'm also worried that my children continue to be exposedi toon a daily basis. >> reporter: in august, a federal court ruled the e.p.a. must ban all uses of chlorpyrifos nationwide by theno end ofmber. e agency originally had bomised two years ago it would put the ban in plamarch of 2017, but president trump's oe.p.a. shelved that idea allow further study, keeping chlorpyrifos on the market.e thp.a. has appealed the 9th circuit courruling. meanwhile, growers say ty are trying to employ an alternative approach called integrated pest management. one of the primary tactics: make the enemy of their enemy their friend. that is, insects that prey on the crop damaging pests, so- called beneficials. the approach makes chlorpyrifos less attractive for growers. >> chlorpyrifos is hard on some

oftur beneficials, so we do like to use it. if we want to maintain ourt integrated pnagement program, we'd rather use something that doesn't harm our benefials. >> reporter: but growers are changing their strategy in the face of a growing threat posed e species. >> in the first 15 years of my job, i had virtually no new invasive pests. it's escalating because there's just more people out there moving more products. >> reporter: she spends about 90% of her time focused on the biggest threat of all: the asian citrus psyllid, which spreads the bacteria that causes a disease called huanglongbing also known as "citrus greening"" it first hit florida in 2005 and has since decimated much of the citrus crop there. but so far the dreaded huanglongbing disease has only appeared in some backyards in greater l.a., not in any commercial groves. california citrus growers say

they need toeep the pesticide in their arsenal. they say it might come in handy as they try to avoid a repeat of the devastation in flori. >> we have to be more aggressive because we're basically fiting for survival. if h.l.b. or huanglongbing becomes established, wwon't have a citrus industry. it will kill the citrus industry because that disease kills the trees and there's no cure. >> reporter: but while the e.p.a. was considering a ban on chlorpyrifos, its scientists concluded there are safer alternatives to the pesticide. miriam rotkin-ellman is a senior scientist at the natural resources defense council which has sued the e.p.a. hoping to force it to follow the advice of its own scientists to ban chlorpyrifos. >> it's important that we take action where the science shows t us we ne to get chemicals off the market. we also need investment in non- toxic farming. we need farming that dsn't poison the workers. we need farming that doesn'tox results in residues coming

home in everybody's grocery basketand ending up on the plates of their children. >> reporter: indeed, rolorpyrifos is detectable on conventionally g produce sold in the grocery stores. washing fruit helps, b only guaranteed way to avoid the chemicalis to buy organic. so why isn't that the preferred means production? >> but in terms of supplying the vast quantity of fruit that we need, it would be very difficult to do it organically. i have nothing against organic. a lot of people prefer that. just the product that grow on my own home are usually organic because i don't use a lot of pesticides around my home. >> reporter: no such luck around claudia angulo's home, nestled near groves in the central valley, she doesn't have a choice. >> ( translated ): we are living ins place where the economy fueled by agriculture. so if i go farther north, or farther south, that will still be the case.

and i don't have the resources to move tonother state. that worries me, and that is why i'm fighting for a change. >> reporter: the long fight over chlorpyrifos has now moved to into unplowed legal ground. it's a battle between a federal court and the federal agency th protecting families like claudio angulo's. for the pbs newshour, i'm miles o'brien in california's central valley. >> nawaz: and that's the newshour for tonight i'm amna nawaz. for all of us at the pbs e newshour, thank you and u soon. m >>or funding for the pbs newshouras been provided by: >> consumer cellular understands that not everyone needs an unlimited wireless plan. our u.s.-based customer service reps can help you choose a plan based on how much you use your nsumercellular.tvo nothing

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this progibm was made po by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org i narrates: you might be looking

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