captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, the american people pay eir respects to the 41st president as he lies in state in the u.s. capitol. then, after a briefing from the c.i.a. director, leading u.s. senators from both parties agree saudi arabia's crown prince was behind the murder of a journalist. f plus, the futurerk-- how education can help some hispanicalifornia keep a job when robots are increasingly dominating the workforce. >> i think automation is wonderful ani'm a user of automation. but if it's only going to be that some regions are going to win and others are going to lose. i do believe that it does become a moral issue, it becomes an ethical issue. >> woodruff: all that and more

onon tight's pbs newshour p>> major funding forbs newshour has been provided by: >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin. >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn morat raymondjames.com. >> and with the oning support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

>> woodruff: americans of all stripes honored the late president george h.w. bush today, as his body laid in state at the.s. capitol. ordinary citizens, former colleagues and old rivals, including former kansas senator bob dole, paid their respects. mr. bush's service dog "sully" also made an appearance. the public viewing ends wednmorning, to be followed by a state funeral at the national cathedral meanwhile, president and mrs. trump visited the bu family this afternoon at blair house, thacross frowhite house. we'll speak with some of those who knew president bush best, after the nemary. in the day's other news, n market meltdt wall street, amid doubts about global growth and china.trade truce with president trubp fueled the ts with tweets that suggested there is no firm deal

yet with beijing. the dow jones industrial average to closerly 800 point at 25,027. the nasdaq fell 283 pots, and the s&p 500 gave up 90. all three indexes were down more than three percent. the head of the c.i.a. briefed u.s. senate leaders today on the killing of saudi journalist jamal khashoggi. gina haspel laid out the agency's findihings closed doors. afterward, senators said they are even more convinced that saudi crown prince mohammed bin salman was directly involved. republican lindseyraham said was one of the most vocal. >> i want to make sure that saudi arabia is put on notice. that business as usual as come to an end for me. i will not look at the kingdom the same way that i used to look at it. i will not support arms sales until all responsible for the death of mr. khashoggi have been

rought to justice and i will no longer support the war in yemen as constructed. >> woodruff: last week, secretary of state mike pompeo said there is no direct link between the crown prince and the murder. president trump has also played down the c.i.a. findin we'll take a closer look at all of this, later in the program. a top american general told congress today that the war in r afghanistan hched a stalemate, after 17 years. marineieutenant general kenneth mckenzie has been chosen to lead all u.s. for the middle east. he told a senate hearing that he does not know how long it will take to build up afghan forces. he also warned against any major u.s. withdrawal in the meantime. rance, protesters vowed keep up their fight, despite a major governmsut concession-- ending fuel tax hikes for six months. the prime minister said the government of president emmanuel macron hopes to restore calm,

after the country's worst riots in 50 years. >> ( translated ): for more than three weeks, tens of thousands of french peope been expressing their anger in many french towns. this anger has deep roots. it's been brooding for a while. it often stayed quiet out of renctior pride. today, it is being expressed with force and in a collective wa one has to be deaf or blind not to see or hear it. >> woodruff: demonstrators respond by blocking roads around paris and elsewhere for another day. and, they demandio more conce. the israeli military todayat launched an opn to destroy tunnels dug from lebanon into northern israel. officials releasede ootage from nnel they said was dug by the militant group hezbollah. bulldozing and digging continued through the day on the israeli side of the border. the united states formally served notice toy that it will begin withdrawing from a nuclear arms treaty with russia in 60

days. ecretary of state mike pompeo said a new russian missile system violates the 1987 treaty. nato ministers meeting in brussels, endorsed the u.s. position. pompeo also called again for moscow to release 24 ukrainian sailors who were seized last month. >> there's complete unanimity that the russian action was lawless and unacceptable. and deterrence must be restored. and that is a collective commitment of europe and the world to deny russia the capacity to violate basic l internatiow norms. >> woodruff: meanwhile, ukraine said shipping traffic has resumed to and from its ports in the sea of azov, after last month's ntnaval confion with russian forces. back i country, president trump's longtime political adviser roger stone says he will not answer questions from democrats onenate judiciary committee.

stone will invoke his fifth amendment rights against self- incrimination. that's from a letter that his lawyer sent to dianne feinstein, the committee's ranking democrat. stone has denied knowing that wikileaks would release hillary clinton campaignbe-mails in ocof 2016. the national republican campaign committee sayst was hit by an email hack during the mid-term election campaign. the intrusion began in april, and accessed email accounts of four top aides. tnahe n.r.c.c. coors republican campaigns for the u.s. house of representatives. and, authorities in northern california have lowered the ugdeath toll in thatwildfire last month. they say d.n.a. testing confirms 85 pdied in the town of paradise and surrounding areas. that's down from 88. the number of missing was also

reto just 11. it had been nearly 1,300, just days after the fire struck. stilto come on the newshour: the american people pay respect to the 41st president at the u.s. capitol. senators openly blame the saudi crown prince for the murder of a journalist. ffcontroversy surrounds ant by outgoing wisconsin republicans to limit the power of newly elected democrats, and much more. >> woodruff: amid the many reflections this week on the life of george h. bush, few knew him as well or worked as closely on the jor accomplishments of his presidency as his longtime friend and hisecretary of state james baker. baker joined me a short tit ago o offer an intimate look back at the forty first president, beginning before either men

entered politics. >> he and barbara proved back the houston, proved to houston in 18, which was just one year after i moved back the houston from law school, having gone to college at princeton and e marine corps and then law school. so we oth sort of h the meound there about the sa time, even though it was my .ho neither george nor i had a tennis doubles partner for the tennis doubles competition at the houston country club, a they put us together. the bushes asked us to come over and avhamburgers and lunches and things. we got to be friends that way, social friends my first wife, who died very tragically at the age of 38 had known george's cousin in ohio, and that was another connection. after my wife died, he came to me and he said, u know, bake, you got the take your mind off

your grief, how about helping m run for the senate. well, in those days texas was a solidly democratic state, as democratic then as it is republican today. i said, george,hat's great, but i don't know anything about politics, and number one, and numberwo, i'm a democrat. he said, well, we can change the latter. and he did. woodruff: you came to the relationship already loving politics. >> wl, no, this was before he went into politics. heas the son a very distinguished united states senator, of course, so he had a political background to that extent, but he hadn't gotten into politics. his first foray into politics was in the early '60s. we met in the late '50s. he ran for couy chairman, started right where i guess you should start, right at the bottom, and worked his way up to president of the united states. he was county chairman of the republican party of texas. in those days it was a han offense to be a republican in

texas. i'm not kidding you. >> woodruff: he came to love politics. it was in his blood. what was it about public servict e... that drew him to it? >> well, i think the example of his father, for one thing. ..we. he would say, my father inculcated in me a commitment to public service. i said, george, don't say "inculcated." people think it's a disease. people in texas don't undetand that. but he had a commitment to public seice, selfless public service. he practiced that all his life. >> woodruff: he was in congress. he was acn ambassador thina. he was -- >> an ambassador to the u.n. >> woodruff: ambassador to the u.n. head of the c.i.a., head of the republican national committee. >> and vice president for two terms. >> woodruff: you were in the room when ronald reagan called

him at the 1980 national convention. >> that's right. >> woruff: it changed his life. >> yeah, that's right. >> if he hadn't gotten that call, he had said, and i believe firy, there would not have been a bush '41, and if there was not a bush '41, bush '43 has said tre would not have been bush '43, and i believe that, too. yeah, i was in throom. i answered the phone. >> woodruff: how did he change the presidency of ronald reagan? did he? >> no, ido reall't think, so but he was a very loyal vice president. understood the job he knew how it was supposed to be performed and he performedt that way. he never let himself be jux posed against the president. he kept his advice to the president private. he didn't throw it out there in public because he knew that there's rething that's sect here in washington, d.c. so when he started running for president, he had to separate

himself somewha it couldn't be seen to be a third reagan term in effect. and he successfully did that. the first time anybody has done it since 1856, a sitting ce president to get elected president. >> woodruff: you were so close im. did he do what he wanted to get done as president of the united states? >> well, no,he becauseidn't have a second term. >> woodruff: but he was there for four years. >> oh, yes, he was an extraordinarily consequential presidency if you look at it. if you look at thehings that he got done. i was, of course... i'm little biased because i was there serving at his right hand as secretary of state. much of that was the foreign policy side. he was anen credibly goodre n policy president, but he had some domestic achieve. , as well, some rather big ones >> woodruff: how did his loss affect him? >> oh, devastating. he was devastated by t loss. and, you know, i read a lot

today comments, pundits and so forth saying, he lt because he broke his "no new taxes" pledge. that's not why he loster. ody ought to get that straight. i ran that campaign and i saw it every day in the polng. he lost from a little guy from texas called rhode island hospital -- ross perot. he took two out of every three votes from u you had two-thirds of 19 to 38 and we get 51. >> woodruff: but that loss, as tough as it was, he went on toc betive for another 25, 26 years of his life. >> yeah, 25 or 26, that's correct. >> woodruff: so it didn't slow him down. no, but it was devastating to him. you know, during that '92 campaign, some people said, well, his heart is not ally in it. he doesn't really want it. uh-uh, most competitive man i've

ever known in my life, and i don't know why people missed that, but they did. >> woodruff: but that's... but to say he was competitive and yet people say he was a gentleman, he was aecnt man. >> he was. >> woodruff: a lot of people think the twohings... >> no, they're not mutually exclusive. he was a gentleman, but he was man of steolely r. and when he decided he wanted to do something or was going to do something, there wasn't any swerving. there was noetours on that. >> woodruff: was he aware... how much did he pay attention the last few years to how kashington changeed? what did he th about washington, what's going on in washington? >> well, he found it ugly up here compared to the way it was when he were here. and when we were here, people came up here with the idea that they wanted to get something done for the american people and done for the country. there was a lot of partnership, a lot of reaching across thesl

both parties. and another thing is that people that me to washingto don't bring their families anymore. a congressman comes up here, conditioning only meets from tuesday afternoon unti thursday afternoon, and then they go back the raise money for next year's campaign. or two years' campaign. they don't bring their families. there's no sioocial intera across party lines the way there used to be. we have good friends, really good friends who were democrats. >> woodruff: let me ask you to u secretary of state hat on. saudi arabia, there is a lot of conv,ersation after the dea the murder of journalist jamal khashoggi. >> yeah, yeah. >> woodruff: this administration has tread ligh when it comes to saudi arabia, but now we have republicans vaz democrats... >> you want me to comment on something that's current news, i think that's great, whenou formulate and implement foreign policy for america, youave got to consider not only america's

interests, national interest, but also our principles a values, so you have to strike a balance. the job facing this administration is to strike the right balance. who knows whether this is the right balance. and he story is not over yet. as you point out, with the republicans in the congress saying what they're saying, it may go another way. but the national interest is very importnt, too. >> woodruff: last quick question, do you think the kind of civility that we saw during the presidency of george h.w. bush... >> i think it will come back. i was asked that question yesterday i guess or the day before. yes, i think it will come back. i really do. civility in our politics, we need to stop yelling at each other as a nation and start listening to each other. it is really regrettable,

because the way we get things done, you know, in democracy, no one side gets to make all t rules, okay? and the way you get things done is to work constructively with the other side to benefit the national interests. and i think you get back the thatome day. i sure hope we will. let me say this, the fault is on both sides, the incivility exists on both sideoos. when youat some of the things that some prominent democrats haid recently, an i'm not going to...ou know what i'm talking about. so you see it both ways. of course,ou're talking to an adversarial republican when you talk to me. i've run campaigns for repoflican presidents, thre them, our four. >> woodruff: yes, you have. secretary of state jim baker,

thank you very much for talking to me. >> hank you, ju. >> woodruff: appreciate it. >> woodruff: let's continue our look at the life and legacy of president george bush with former democratic senator tom harkin of iowa, and andy card. he served as the president's deputy chief of staff at the white house. andy card, welcome. senator tom harkin, welcome to u. >> thank you. >> woodruff: you met president r?sh when he was at what point in his car >> well, actually, when he was hce president, but in any meaningful way whwas president. that's really when i first began to deal with him. >> woodruff: was it the americans with disabilities act that brought y together? >> well, actually, the first time i was in my office on a friday afternoon, and i got a call from the white house, my assistant did, aaid the president wanted to have some people down for drinklater in the afternoon, he wanted you to go down. i said, sure. so i went down to the white house. it was a friday afternoon.

barbara was gone. we had a bunch of guys down, and he made martinisor all of us. and he took us on a personal tour of the white house, fi hrst time ever been in the private quarters. so it was a social event, and he was just the nicest person in e world. that was my first social interaction with him. >> woodruff: so we're talking about a republican president iiting a democratic senator to come over to the white house and have cocktails. >> and he madee martini. pretty good, too. >> woodruff: andy card, what was it about presidentush? why was heg comfortable talk and working with people across the aisle? >>well, president bush number 41, he respected the institutions of government. he served as a member of congress. he made great friends on both sides of the aisle. as the vicresident of the united states, he was the president of the senate. that meant he had great resct for the senate. he also understood the importance of building relationships that were

personal, not just political, and that sometimes politics would force peo take sides that they wouldn't have taken otherwise, and he was lookin for tha personal relationship that could help build coalitions to get things done.ve he didn't he privilege of serving as president with a house orenate controlled by the same party as he was, and so he had t on bothides of the aisle to get things done, an he had an amazing r traord. obviously the americans with disability act, that's truly historic. people today don'even think about it, because it was so istoric. made such a difference to people who are disabled and challenged. he also signed int legislation the civil rights act of 1991. he passed so manfpieces o legislation. he left a legacy of fiscal discipline by giving up on his promise not to raise taxes to instead agree to a deal that brought fiscal discipline not only to the executive branch of the government but to tihe lslative branch of

government, and that lasted for ten years and allowed for us to have surpluses for the first time in eons. and it was just a rourkeable contribution. >> woodruff: and people talk about he paid a political price for that, because t whes a tax increase. but tom harkin, i do want to come bk to the americans with disabilities act, because later on you did get involved in that. do you understand why it was important to him? hewent on to be the president who signed it into law. >> yes, president bush nev wavered once on his support for icans with disabilities act. >> woodruff: why was that? why do you think it mattered to him? >> well, i don't know. every time i met with him or discussed it in any way with he or with boyden gray, it was just something he felt inside that needed to be done. when he signed it into law, he said something so unique. he said, "let the sheful walls of discrimination come tumbling down." "shameful walls of

discrimination." that's what we've had in this country for so long against people with disabilienties. e said, that it was just electrifying. >> woodruff: andy card, can you shed any light on what it was about that issue that president bush, that rang true with him? >> president bush had great sympathy and empathy for pereope who challenged, and he had been challenged suffering through the def h ohis daughter, and that i think contributed to a mind-set that saw things differently than a lot of other people d. he was always committed to helping those people who were disabled. mike deland, who served in his administration, was in wheelchair, and the president was always understanding and supportive of him and he did motivateyoyden g, who did a remarkable job of persistently pushing to get this legislati done. john sununu played a big role in that. there were lots of -- dick

thornburg played a big role in getting the a.d.a. pased. it was team effort, but it couldn't have happen without president bush's commitment. it was a sincere cmitment, and it really did get things done. >> woodruff: what was it about s approach to the presidency, andy card? every president comes into office with a different understanding. his father had been a united states senator. he obviousy exceeded, reached an office well idea that, the presidency. w did he look upon the office of the presidency? >> well, first of all, he looked at public service as a very noble call. he had been inculcated, that was a word that his mother used, he had been uncull kateed with -- inculcated with the responsibility to give back and se he did with it distinction. he was the most prepared person ever to be president. he had the very best resume, but he also had a great appreciation of watching how president reagan served when president bush was sident, andvice p he learned a different perspective, the value of

bipartisanship, and he worked hard on catol hill. i can't overstress how significant it was that he had personal relationships with members of the house and the senate that went beyo politics. >> that's true. >> dan red cross cow i -- rostenkowski, tom foley w. odruff: democrats. >> very partisan democrats, and that were interested in getting things done, and president bush worked with them. it took a lot of courage to do that, a lot of political .ourage, and president bush was willing to do he did invite people to stand on the rug of american politics rather than just on the fringe. >> t woodruff: finall harkin, what do you remember about him most as president? >> well, i have to remember about aju presiden what a decent, nice person he was, but locked in my memory forever will be until i die is him standing on that white house lawn on a

beautiful july 26th day, 1990, to sign the americans with disabilities act when he said, what i just mentioned, "let the shameful walls of discrimiumnatn comeing down." it was the biggest gearing on the white house lawn ever for t signing of a bill. and to me it just showed the courage of this person. and that's what will always stick with me, how courageous he really was. >> woodruff: former senator t com harkin, anrd. thank you both. >> thank you. w druff: as we reported earlier, c.i.a. director gina haspel today briefed a dozen u.s. senators about the october murder of a saudi arabian journalist. the saudi government claims the murder was a "rogue operation."

but the senators who were briefed believe responsibility lies near the very top of the amsaudi royaly, with the powerful crown prince, muhammad bin salman, known as mbs. here are republican senators lindsey graham and bob who's chairman of the senate foreign lations committee. >> i have zero question in my mind that the crown prince, m.b.s., ordered the killin monitored the killing, knew exactly what was happeng, planned it in advance. if he was in front of a jury, he would be convicted in 30 minutes, guilty. >there's not a smoking gun. there's a smoking saw. lyyou have to be willflind not to come to the conclusion that this was orchestrated and nized by people under the command of m.b.s., and that he was intracently invol the demise of mr. khashoggi. >> woodruff: our foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin is here to walk us through the latest

some rally strong language from these senators, nick, but what does it mean? how significant is it. >> i think we should pause for a second and examine the words. these ar unprecedented. this is unprecedented bipartisan criticism against saudi arabia. these are senators who have defended saudi arabihe past despite human rights abuses in the past, senators who dehave nded saudi arabia even after 9/11, nine saudis participated 9/11. they called saudi arabia a strategic ally, now callinia saudi ar strategic liability. we don't know what happened in that briefing because it wassi cled, but we heard a couple hints. there one, senator graham saying a smoking saw, seemingly a nfirmation of something that turkish officials have said, which this team that flew from saudi arabiao istanbul to murder khashoggi brought a bone saw, clearly indicating premeditation. >> woodruff: that evidence has been confirmed. >> not officially. uft officially. >> woo there's a lot of reference it to. >> there is only reference to it, and morostly turkish

officials, but they came out very strongly talking about m.b.s., mohammad bin slainman, orchestrthis attack. that's not what the president says. this really does put the senators against u.s. policy, mattis, pompeo, th senators came to the hill last week and said, you cannot punish m.b.s. because they're so important to ingt we're doing, confront iran, trying to get israeli-palestinian peace. graham said, i need to ha jean -- gina haspel. he has heard from her and came out strongly against the ofadministration's defense m.b.s. >> woodruff: when it comes to policy, what exactly can the tnate do? t's the big question. what the senators said today is they want to distinguish between mohammad bin slaman and saudi arabia. they want to somehow punish the prince withoecting the strategic alliance. there are a couple of options on the table right now. one is a bill from senator sanders that would end the war in yemen, that is basically being led by the saudis. there are some problems with that. some of it icontroversial.

but over 60 senators voted to have a vote next week, that will probably happen. but it's just about yemen. the second option goes further. it's a bill sponsored by senator menendez, the ranking member on the senate foreign relations committee along with senator graham that would end arms sales to saudirabia and require sanctions on anyone connected to jamal khashoggi's death. there is a third option thatra senator grahased today, which is some kind of sense of the senate, m.b.s. is guilty, and ordered khashoggi's murder. more of a a guilt m.b. don't change the saudi relationship, but senator bob corker s raid, this lly hard. we don't have consensus. maybe the president should comou and criticize m.b.s. and call him responsible for the murd, and so there is no guarantee that the senate can turn all this rhetoric into policy change. it's rare, ayou know,for senators to try to forcibly change foreign policy. the administration clearly an indication today that bipartisan senators want to dtho jus. >> woodruff: tricky to separate the person who is in

charge of a country or almost i charge of a country from policy toward the country overall. >> tright. an mohammad bin slaman is really the de facto leader of saudi arabia. >> woodruff: nick schifrin, thank you. >> thank you. >> woodruff: stay with us, ming up on the newshour how one california community is taking sps to maintain employment in the face of automation. and a hot new exhibit showcases the creative genius of the french romantic painter, eugene delacroix. it's been a month since the midterm elections but questions remain about ting process and outcome in one north carolina congressional disict. and in wisconsin, democrats are raising concerns about how the state's republican legislature is handling the tron of power. amna nawaz has details on both states.

>> nawaz: let's start in north carolina, where election officials last week certified all but one race: the state's 9th congressional district. democrat dan mcready trails republican mark harris by roughly 900 votes, less than half a percentage point. but an investigaon is now underway after officials uncovered what they call "irregularities." lisa desjardins is he to explain it all. oes thatarity," what know >> specifically here we're talking about mostly one county, brayden county.nd it's ional district. we're talking about absenteeba ots, amna nawaz. first, workers were sent out, 200 or so absentee ballots have witness signatures, everyone must have a witness, which overlap. we're seeing seven witnesses on some 150 or so absentee ballotsn that migot be suspicion in and of itself, but many of ths e witnest down the same address, a one-bedroom apartment as their address, so t's

raising questions. then on the other side, there are voters who say a woman came up to hair house and asked for their absentee ballot and then took it and sa she herself would fill that out. that woman said she was, in fact, paid by the republican candidate's campaign and she didn't know that that is illega, to hich it is. these kind of anecdotes happen but the issue is here thenu ers. in this particular county we see dimargin of victory for the republican that iferent than in any other county. we also see a number of absentee ballots that were not actually turned in that is also higher iethan in other coun. so that's raising a lot of questions. >> it's raising a lot of questions. the board of elections is trying to answer system of those questions.en so what ha next? >> december 21st there will be hearing by the election board ot the that will decide if this election should be certified or if they need to pursumore investigation, and ultimately,

amna, if they're note satisd, they could call for a new election. would ord to say if it .ome that 900-vote gap >> nawaz: there have been protests at the state capitol of republican legislators. this is a lake duc session. they introduced some sweeping changes limiting the powers of the incoming governor and attorney general, most of whom are democrats. what's going on there? >> as -- a well-known republican is involved, scott walker, the outgoingnor. he and the republican legislature are ready to push throw a very large package of changes that would limit the powers of the incoming democrats. let's go through what they're doing. first, this bill would make so it the legislature could replace the attorney generaln some cases just a committee of the legislature.ak it would alsoaway some

other powers of the attorney general, and some powers of the governor or some state agencies and,amna, it would shorten the early voting period too more than two weeks in wisconsin. right now cities and towns can have as much as 47 da. this republican bill would shorten that period. all of those would he very serious effects potentially. t >> nawaz: ise changes do go through, what would be the impact? >> think about the atrney general, think about environmental law or not. also think about things like workplace hazards. on the republican argument, they say, we think this attorney general might overlitigate. we want the ability to say when we think he's going outside the bounds of the constitution. but democrats say that this is also about healthcare and what that attorney neral would do in promoting perhaps the affordable care act. there are v lot y real-world issues on the table here, and that early voting, that matters a lot, amna, because what would happen, rural co wunities say tht the same voting win deas everyone else, this would shorten the one

doe for urban voters arin partic >> nawaz: so these are two very specific cases with a lot of details we don't know how everything will play out in north carolina aarnd wisconsin. these isolated understand debts? how should we think about these right now? >> i can rsar our vie screaming at the television no, because we've been reporting on thisll year. i can look at this list that we've put together with our producer, auburn those robocalls georgian florida a this year, we've seen early voting windows being shortened ry foround the cou years, and this case in wisconsin, it sounds unique at first, this republican legislature or one legislator limiting an incoming governo but in michigan, same situation, we also, peck later this week the republicislature there may try to limit the authorities of the incoming democrat governor there, as well. now they have that right, but democrats say if they pass thosa in michigan and wisconsin, expect that to go to court, and that's where we see all of these things being settled right now. that's why it' especially

important to watch the court that tells us what v can do and what their votes mean. s> nawaz: some cases we still playing out in the courtsl these wikely be played out there, as well. >> i think that's right. >> nawaz: lisa desjardins, thank you very much. >> woodruff: now, we continue our special look at the "future of work." as automation spreads through he american economy, experts say its impacts will be uneven. some key factors include geography and race, but perhaps the most important determinant: education. john yang has a report from caekfornia as part of our wely education story on "making the grade." >> yang: when aldo galindo was growg up in san bernardino, california, his father's message about college was simple: >> he would always tell me to go tooo s you better go to

school, you have to go to school. it wasn't an option, it was more like, "you have to." ang: aldo remembers his dad rkming home exhausted after g 12 hour days as a cook at a lestaurant. >> ( translated ): my children have noticed how .rd we've work i know they will always have to work from eighty to 10, 12 but with a degree and a profession, they will earn much more than what we earn and be able to afford things, live more comfortably, live a better life than the one we've had. >> yang: now 21, aldo commutes 40 minutes roundtrip every day from his parents' house to california ste university-san bernardino. he's a junior, studying computer systems. he wants to develop video gamest and work with l reality. by going to college, he's breaking barriers not only in his own family, but in this regi, where nearly half of all adults have no education beyond high school. >> there's a lot of hardships that come around here. and a lot of students do experience that.

i'm the first generation and i opportunity, they taught me to take every opportunity you have offered to you. so that's what i'm doing. ngking every opportunity. >> yang: in the coears, boosting educational opptunities could determine whether this region east of los angeles thrives or struggles. known as the inland empire, it's home to about 4.5 million people, hispanic.half of them looming over the terrain of mountains and desert is the spread of automation. for businesses, it promises to cut costs and boost productivity. for workers, especially the less edat, it threatens to take their jobs. >> what does that mean for the inland empire? >> yang: johannes mois sounding the alarm. he teaches business at the iversity of redlands, southeast of san bernardino and studies the potential effects of job automatio >> it's a very strange

situation. we're in the placwhere we have record low unemployment. the nation's factories e humming. the logistics sector is booming. but this train can also run at high speed against a wall. >> yang: the numbers tell the story: moenius' research found that 6 othe jobs in the inland empire could be automated in the future. and hispanics are 25% more likely than whites to hold those jobs. the research also found that education is t factor. someone with a bachelor's degree runs less than 50% risk of job automation. but in this region, only nine percent of hispanics fall into that category. the inland empi's economy is dominated by industries that could be heavily automated in the future: fast-food restaurants, office and administrative services, and, crucially, distribution centers. it's just over an hour from the

ports of los angeles and long beach. railroad tracks and interstate highways crrss-cross the n. warehouses dot the landscape. amazon alone has 13 fulfillment centers in the region, and just announced plans for a 14th. >> i just can't see that san bernardino you know will come out fine in this scenario. ar attract more of the industries that e thriving right now that mostly employ people with lower educational level, so we're worsing the problem by the hour. >> we live in a different world. >> yang: paul granillo, head of the land empire economic partnership, brings together leaders in educationbusiness and government. >> technology now turns over every 17 months. th if i'm trained on a machine 17 mlater you're going to have to retrain it because there's going to be a new machine or it's going to work in tk.hat's awfully qu and our traditional education

system has not been able to create curriculum that fast. my role is to get everybody to come outf their corner right not go into being defensive and not going to be an accusatory which is usually the educator saying welwe have all these programs and the employer saying well i'm not getting what i want out the ucation system. >> yang: granillo is worried about automation's effect on his region. he's seen it triple the output of some area fulfillment centers wibeth only double the nof workers. >> i think automation is wonderful and i'm a user of automation. but if it's only going to be that some regions are going to win and others are going to lose i do believe that it does become a moral issue it becomes an ete.hical is >> yang: he agrees education is the key, but that doesn't just mean a college degree. one example: the industrial technical learning center, o "inte

," which provides training and professional development. housed in the former administrative building of a san bernardino steel mill, it's a partnership between chaffey community college and california steel industries. director sandra sisco says intech is designed "by industry for industry," with an eye on the future. >> somebody has to repair and maintain the robotic arms and anything that has to do with automati. automation involves mechanics, it involves electrical. so if you're in the electrical and mechanical field, those are the core skills, middle skills that you need to understand that the next level. >> yang: erick martinez is one mof te than 1700 people intech has trained since opening in 2016. after being laid off three timee in fivs from office and warehouse jobs, he wanted a career change. he earned multiple

certifications throuno intech. he'an industrial california steel. >> if i can'use you know my manual skills because a robot or an algorithm is going to you know take my job there is there is that that uncertainty of what am i going to do but then you know you get exposed to hey we can train you to troubleshoot you know a lot of this you know changes that ening a lot of things that are replacing your job then you can you know be one step ahead of that. >> yang: back at cal state, aldo galindo is trying to do his part to push more people, espechilly anics, into higher education. he works with education professor enrique murillo on a program calcad, "latino eon and advocacy days." chit r out to parents and hosts college fairs to encourage latinos to pursue their education. >> we can't just do what they call curbside service. a lot of parents just come drop

off their kid and say, "okay there you go take my child." it doesn the competitive nature of the economy in the united states is going to depend avily as it is here in an empire on the ucational outcomes of latinos >> yang: and first generation collegstudents like aldo galindo may be key to those outcomes. for the pbs newshour, i'm johnrn yang in san dino, california. >> woodruff: the art world blockbuster of this fall art season is "delacroix," a retrospective exhibition of the great 19th century french painter. jeffrey brown reports from the metropolitan museum in new york. >> brown: he's one of the great figures in art history, eugene delacroix, fan icfaly gifted and prolific, a celebrity who dazzled and often divided

the parisian art world of the mid-19th centud most of all became a key bridge toward a new kind of art. metropolitan museum curator asher miller. >> i keep asking, is he the last old master or the first modern painter? he's a little of both and not quite fully either one. >> brown: really? >> yes. we see aspects of both in him. to arrive at one or the other limbs our understanding and our abilities to delve even deeper. >> brown: the art lovers delacroix is best known for a handful of work including "women of algiers." the goal here is to show the artist in full, with nearly 150n ngs, prints and drawings, as well as pages from the journals he kepthroughout his life. one thing that comes through loud and cdrlear, hie for greatness. >> delacroix was ambitious if nothing else.

his father was a statesman. his mher came from family of distinguished artisans and crafts people, and his brother-inas a general. one brother died in battle. he came of age in 1814, 1815, right at the moment of napoleon's downfall. so for delacroix, he needed to find a careertoand he neede make his own mark in the world. >> brown: in drawings you can see delacroix looking hard at his old master, including the have a indonesia paolo vernaschi and peter paul rubens. he took on scenes from liy terature and mytholod from north africa, what he visited with a colonial era french diplomatic mission. there are portraits, historical ttles, religious imagery, and animals he watched at the zoo, especialers and lions. but it is how he painted them that would offer adge to future artists.

"new york times" artti cri roberta smith. >> his achievement is opening the door to modernity, even ifou he didn't go tgh it. he made subsequent generations of artiknow that the main ihing that mattered was paint and how it s applied and that when you're looking at a painting, thais the first and the last thing you're looking atat. what attracts you is its form, and he made people see that in a completely neway. >> brown: artists have been looking hard ever since. cezanne said, "you can find all of us in delacroix." van gogh an picasso voiced their one way of seeing delacroix is through his choices in composition and color. roberta smith pointed to these two smaller versions of a much er painting titled "the death ofic sardanolopis" wh baffled many contemporaries with its wild imery and style.

>> the thing that's interesting about this painting, which you see in this gallery in particular, the main figure is pushed away from the center, and the center of the pnting is actually empty. there's is salmon pink. all this stuff is going orange but while you're at it, enoy this amazing extravagance of color that i'm going to present to you. bruin brown even more innovative, as delacroix made up his own rules, the brush work and paint itself so that the pnting, says curator asher miller, is in some ways about the paint and how it's applied as much as about its subject. even in an otherwise traditional religious scene. he paint, you see little blades of crash, but you see them as brush strokes, they operate as both. >> brown:r artist walton d, known for his explorati of animal imagery, is a fan of

delacroix. he showed me favorite, "the on hunt." large as it is, it's a fragment. its top half was damaged in fire in 1870. >> he was though he was looking at rubens when he painted this, he saw bwsh strokes that look like they would be comfort football a van gogh in the fur of a lion, perspective and remember dering where say the lion's foot is actuy in front of the arm that it's attacking that goes back into space. it makes no sense. >> reporter: it's impossible. >> it's an impossible thing. it's somethi that people later lay cezanne and picasso are playing with. when you distort and play with the rules of perspective, you get a certain tension. it's a psychologically confusing ple.e to i'm convinced he knew what he was up to. >> brown: in an opage to the master, ford couldn't have but have some fun withs own version of the painting.

an enormous lon, delacroix's paints and journals strewn about, the artist himself i no longer in command of the scene. >> my interest was that allyin just wants to be a lion. he doe't want to be a metaphor. >> brown: thank you, mr. delacroix. >> if you're going to make me a metaphor, i'm going to make you a meal. >> brown: art lovers can indulge their own appetites for a great painting and a key figure in artstory. "delacroix" the exhibition is up through january 6th of next year. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the metropolitan museum in new york. >> woodruff: december is a big awards month: best books, movies, all of the top 100 lists. there is also an award for best librarian!

today, the american libraries association gave ten 2018 "i love my librarian awards." winners were chosen for empathy, hard work and, "making a haven for book lovers, book haters, nerds and geeks, athletes, popular kids and mists." none of this surprises librarian kristen arnett, who shares her humble opinion on why we all need to geout and use our local library. >> everyone says they want to support their local library, like they support using reusable water bottles, buying organic produce, and the quiet car on trains, but dolkhey really? tend to think of libraries in the abstract. it's les more of a concept; a powerful good in the universe that everyone beeves in unconditionally, like santa claus or beyoncé. so how do you support yo library? leave a nice comment on their blog? an appreciative facebook post? a well-timed tweet abouthem that gets a zillion retweets?

no remotely. just do it don't get me wrong. give us compliments, please. tell us we're special. venmo us coffee money, that's all great. but at the end of the day, none of that matters if you don't show up and use the library. libraries are community spaces. in order to operate, we need patrons. peopn le have got to s for library cards, use the computers, and check out materials. bug the library staff about that movie that doesn't drop ¡til next year. jam the copy machine. actually, don't. libraries serve the public by, get this, actually serving the public. if patrons don't use our services, they inevitably get cut. wue want to be there when need resources for your term paper, want to register to vote, help you look up how to get gum out of your kid's hair, assist with figuring out the correct pronunciation of hors d'oevres. i'm still working on this one. andma research whether a is actually a fruit. we're your living-breathing

google, and unlike a certain search engine, we'll be patient and work with you when all you can remember is that the books coveis blue. fake news? we've been trained to spot it and combat it. we'll help you ft check. it's our pleasure. it's our calling. but we can't do any of this unless you darken our door. so come out to the library and attend events. request materials. argue with the librarian over which is the best episode of the office. it's "the dinner party." or just talk to us about your day. we want the chance to serve the public, so stop by and let us do exactly that.i t's like they always say: the first secret of success is just showing up. the second secret? find a librarian. we can help you with that. >> woodruff: and that's the newshour for tonight. tune in for special live coverage of the funeral of president george h.w. bush at 10:00 a.m. eastern. i'm judy woodruff.

join us online and again right here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs n yewshour, tha and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> t ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of soci change worldwide. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the aderncement of itional peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing suort of these institutions and individuals.

>> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by conions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ - this week on milk street, we find ourselves in the gugulethu township in cape town, in seah of authentic south african barbecue. ac in we're looking for the world's best recipe for piri piri chicken. e then to the bo-kaap neighborhood for a lesson in how to make cape malay curry. it's leaner, cleaner, and brighter than traditional indian curry. tu so stad for the cooking of cape town, right here on milk street.