captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> brangham: good evening. i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight: president trump makes a surprise trip to iraq, his first visit with troops in a war zone. then, the dow jones soars ov 1,000 points, its biggest daily gain in history, bouncing back from a christmas eve plunge. plus, 50 years since nasa'so first flighte moon. inside the landmark "apollo 8" mission. >> they took a picture of the earth rising over thzon of the moon. it was the "earth rise" picture, and it was one of the first opportunities for us to see the earth as it really exists in the cosmos a >> brangha that and more, on tonight's pbs newshour.

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coverage. >> schifrin: in western iraq, 6,000 miles from the political combat of washington, the commander in chief declared the u.s. combat against isis a success.he >> twere dominant. not anymore. >> schifrin: the president and first lady spent three hours in iraq, meeting with u.s. commanders, and posing for photos. ese mostly special operations forces fight in iraq and syria, and president trump defendedis decision to withdraw the troops currentlsed across the border in syria.ch >>ifrin: there are 2,200 us. troops in syria, and president trump has faced intense their withdrawal.ing this trip allowed hito reiterate his plans, while also vowingo keep troops in iraq. >> standby, fire! ( explosion )

>> schifrin: about 5,200 u.s. service members are based in iraq. they give fire support, and train iraqi troops, as well as provide intelligence and aerial surveillance. while iraqi troops hunt isis fighters, the u.s. conducts air strikes, such as thione two weeks ago against an isis cave. it's been more than a year since irei soldiers celebrated th government declaring victory against isis, but isis is still able to launch as many as 75 attacks per month, according to one study, including this christmas day bombing. speaking to pentagon reporters two weeks ago, the u.s. commander in iraq said isis militants were isolated and not a strategic threat. >> isis itself really right now is-- is in austere conditions. they're spending most of their time in-- in caves, underground, in-- in tunnels, in austere, tough desert terrain. >> schifrin: president trump has

used that claim to follow through on campaign promises to withdraw from war.y, toven as he said troops in iraq would stay, he vowed to bring as many as he could m:me. >> brangick will be back after the news summary, with a longer look at the significancde of the pre's trip, and his otoader policies. now, to the day'r top story: a wild surge on wall street. stoc christmas eve beating, for their best day in nearly ten years. the dow jones industrial average gained more than 1,000 poit s for the fime ever, to close at 22,878. th nasdaq rose 361 points, and the s&p 500 was up 116. for some insight, i spoke with investment strategist hugh johnson a short time ago. hugh johnson, thank you very much for being here. i wonder if you cou by telling you us what on earth is going on with this market? >> well, first ofall, 've got some volatility, and the volatility, of course, we sawe starting with y before christmas on monday with a very

sharp decline in the stock e,market and, of couhe recovery of 1,000 points that we saw today. it's often just simply in response to some news that might come out. news abouthe nomy, news about the whether chairman powell, his job is secure in washington as chairman of the federal reserve, trade ten with china. small news, news that's important, but doesn't seem to justify the big swings we've seen in the stock market, but the news cause selling andra computerizedding. today we get positive news turning into a big increase in the stock market largely driveny omputerized trading. computerized trading tends to take small delines, turns them into big declines, and advances, and creates a lot of volatility in the markets. >> seems like what we were talking about earlier last week,

month, about what was driving the market down, cooling global economy, trade wars, thoc haven'anged. >> no. that's why we led to the conclusion that the declines before christmas overstate changes in the fundamentals.n so mentals haven't changed a lot. the outlook for the economy and earnings is the same, trade tension tweens the u.s. and china haven't changed much. the same thing true when we have a move to the upside as we saw today. things have not changed. an imptant thing to keep in mind is that these sma declines or even small advances are turned into large declis and large advances largely by the impact of computer tradingts on the mar >> all right, hugh johnson, thank you so much. >> brangham: in the day's other news, president trump warned saat the partial government shutdown that begarday

may not end anytime soon. while in iraq, he said he would do "whatever it takes"g o secure fundr a border wall. more than 800,000 federal workers are affected by the shutdown, and more than half of those are working without pay r now. at the white house, econom advisor kevin hassett said most likely to receive back-p later, and he played down the overall effects. >> ithe end, it's not-- it's really just a short-term problem, not a long-teve problem for ment workers. about two-thirds of the national parks are still en, and so the kinds of things, the services that people get out the government aren't really affected very much. >> brangham: hassett also said the jobs of federal reserve chair jerome powell and treasury secrety steve mnuchin are safe. the president has repeatedly criticized powell, and mnuchin has taken fire for his comments this weekend that unsettled the ock market. in afghanistan, the election commission has postponed the presidential election that was set for april. officials gave no new date. they said they need to fix technical problems that marred

voting for parliament last october. the delay also comes as attacks from militant groups continue. also today, congo delayedec ons in three cities where a deadly ebola outbreak is centered. the cities are considered opposition strongholds, and the delay will affect some one million voters.no they wilwait until march to cast ballots. the rest of the country votes on sunday. indonesitoday raised the nfirmed death toll from saturday night's tsunami to 430t an government urged people to stay away from the coastline that's near an erupting volcano. amat volcano is believed to have triggered the ts meanwhile, survivors worked to clean up, while keeping a wary e on the sea. >> ( translated ): i'm really afraid if a tsami happens again, so i decided to take refuge in a safer district. i always feeafraid every time water rises, and if it rains, it will flood too. that is why we are going to be in shelters with all the neighbors. >> brangham: today is also the 14-year anniversary of the

catastrophic tsunami that struck off indonesia's sumatra island. it killed nearly 230,000 people in a dozen countries-- more an half of them in indonesia. japan says it will quit the international whaling commission and resume commercial whale hunting for the first time in 30 years. japanese officials say whaleks stave recovered sufficiently-- something wildlife groups dispute. the new hunts will be limited to japan's territorial waters, and will not extend to the antarctic. and, back in this country, supreme court justice ruth bader ginsburg has been released from a new york hospital after cancer surgery last friday. doctors removed two malignant owths from her left lung on friday. a court atement today said the 85-year-old justice was discharged on christmas day and is now recuperating at home. still to come on the newshour: mo unannounced visit to iraq. the first full business day of the government shutdown. another migrant child dies while

in u.s. custody. and much more. >> brangham:resident trump's short visit to iraq was not announced until shortly before he departed washington on christmas night. now, 15 years after the u.s.-led invasion, what are iraq' security and political realities? nick schifrin rerns with that. >> schifrin: thanks, william. we'll discuss that question with two people:bb laith an advisor to the iraqi prime minister, and a former senior director at the national endowment for democracy. he joins us from tampa. and, our special correspondent jane ferguson, who just returned from iraq for a series we're been airing over the last week, and joins us from her base in beirut. thank you very much you both for being here. wesident trump went all ty to iraq and did not meet any iraqi officials, and there's a statement out m oe iraqi

prime minister's office tonight that says "dierences in points of view over the arrangements prevented the two from meeting face to face." d whfferences? ec well, i expect -- i'm from a distance, but i ex optics matter a lotffi think the president, of course, ha to appeal to his power base here at home, and e needs to be seen with the american flag, americ troops, et cetera. and i think, from an iraqi point of view perspective, this is iraq, the iraqi troops, too, the iraqi forces fought i.s.i.s., they have a history. i assume if he wants to come on a state visit, things would be different. he made very short visit. it would have been impossible to arrange all of thi also, in iraq, there is an audience who are sensitive to the american presence, and i think this must have factored into it. >> briefly a little more, not only sensitivity in iraq to the

u.s. president's presee. there's a real controversy over the u.s. role in iraq. we had another statement tonight that called the president's visit a blatant violation of iraq sovereignty -- that's fromi a poli who's considered close to iran. and there are real divisions inside the iraqi governments about . presence in iraq, is there not? >> and par iliamenthink, definitely's view has listed at least one of two groups as bei terrorist groups. they have about 15 members of parliament. of course, they will be vehiclel in their protest about the president trump's visit. that is expected. iraq enjs lot of speaking free media and not so paid voices out there, and there is real pressure that our gros within parliament are pushing for the u.s. to leave iraq, this against iraq's rests, but this is the reality that exists today in iraq, so you should

expect a lot of voicerotesting that visit. >> so, jane ferguson, let's talk about security, and we talked about how air force one had to go in in the cover of darkness. president trump says i.s.i.s. has been defeated. there's no question i.s.i.s. has less territory, s there a fear i.s.i.s. could return as a kind of insurgency? >> there is, nick. i.s.i.s. have been defeated in iraq as and stag army that could basically invade and hold areas as big as mosul city and other places like llujah. of course, famously, they have been pushed out of those cities, but that doesn't mean i.s.i.s. no longer exists in iraq. just on tuesday there was aar bombing claimed by a group on the northwest border near syria but inside iraq, so i..i.s. are still present there. what they've done is gone back to their insurgency roots, similar to how they weree bef they were officially called

i.s.i.s. or the islamic state, security operation against them fnlt it's just a very different fight. >> do the iraqi forces have the ability, have the traing from the u.s. forces and the wherewithal to take that fight .tos.i.s. regardless to have the u.s. presence in the couny? >> not regardless of the u.s. presence. ther u.s. pence is important for the iraqi military, not just for what we know, we is, of course, intelligence, reconnaissance, air cover, but also for training. it's important to remember that the iraqi military took such avy casualties. they never actually released the figures, but we know that theal ca rates in places like ehe battle for mosul wer extremely high, so some of the most elite units of the iraqi military as well as units suc as the federal police and those that were involved in taking and

holding the ground there lost a lot of people, so there is a recruitment drive on and there's a need for theqi irailitary to recuperate after such lengthy and deadly battles. thunited states military ian important part of that. >> laith kubba, qickly, is th u.s. an important part of that? does the u.s. need to stay in iraq, as president trump reiterated they ouldday? >> well, i think we've all learned the hard way tha you leave iraq in chaos and weak, then the return ofnd i.s.i.s.ther forms of radical movements is very tkely. the only wayhave a stable region and to cut i.s.i.s. at its core is by helping iraq igain its strength, anhink the u.s. support is critical. logistically in terms of training, rebuilding the army, rebuilding the police. so i do believe it is critical. >> jane, quickly, you have been reporting this last trip that we

have been airofing a lac water, what to do with captured foreign i.s.i.s. figwhhters. are the challenges facing iraq iiraq? >> the legacy of this battlens agiraq will go on potentially another generation, at least, because of all the things that you mentioned. the reconstruction efforts are going to have to be enormous. evme after all this tiow, in places like mosul, you will see people trying to builes amongst the rubble, and the rubble goes on as fay as the ee can see. the destruction is quite unbelievable. so there are many people who not only have lost their homes, you so have people who ar displaced in refugee camps. those who are perorhaps minies like th yazidis wharafraid to return home and government services, people across iraq, are not up to power yet. so there are challenges. >> jane ferguson, laith kubba,

thank you very much to you both. >> thank you. >>rangham: the partial government shutdown has extended into d first full weekday that thousands of federal workers felt t impact of the furlough. the newshour's lisa desjardins has an update. also another several hub thousand workers are still working, though it's not cle if or when they will be paid. negotiations are at a standstill. there were some good-faith discussis between senator chuck schumer and the top senate republican richard shelby on the appropriations committee over the weekend, but there hasn't been real movensince then. the republicans and democrats

observe the hill say they areth waiting fopresident to be clear on what exactly he will eccept. >> the presidentps signaling this will potentially be a ver long shutdown. is there any chnce it will break? >> not in the next few days. congress said they will get 24 hours notice before any deal and we o're told there will not be votes tomorrow. the shutdown will last at least two more days. past tomorrow, think of this, these are the last days of this coayress, so it's hard to sif a weekend deal is rin the cads. that's sort of a long shot. then we get to next thursday, when nancy pelosi and democrats the slated to take over the house. 's why people think this could be a longer showdown, the idea that once democrats take over the house, we will have a few days of different jocying and going into the second week of january, possibly. >> we can sit here and talk abouthe timing and jockeying that's going on on capitol hil,

but there are real-world impacts. >> that's right, the folks we reached out ad communicated with, federal workers, one woman's husband works for customs and border protection nd she said that she is now worried whether he will be paid. that's a regular theme. usuay, federal workers are paid after shutdowns, but there is a lot of concern oveesr ent trump and whether that pay will come through and, of course, contractors, william, some ofin them, depeon the contract, will note paid after this shutdown is over. >> lisa, thank you so mumeh. you're wel >> brangham: u.s. coast guard medical personnel will now be igployed to the mexican border to help screen ints, homeland security secretary kirsjen nielsen announced today. the stepped-up measures come after an eight-year-old guatemalan boy died in border

patrol custody christmas eve, the second child to die this month in immigration custody. the secretary so asked the centers for disease control to investigate the source of what she characterid as an uptick in sick children crossing the border illegally. yamiche alcindor has more. >> alcindor: for moron this case and how to better meet the potential medical needs of immigrant children being held.s incustody, i am joined by dr. colleen kraft. she is the president of the american academy of pediatrics. earlier today, she spoke by phone with officials from u.s. customs and border protection about these concerns.ha dr. kraft, you so much for joining me. we are still waiting to learn more about the death of 8-year-old felipe gomez, but from what you've heard, what kind of questions hass death raised in terms of the way his case was handled by the system? >> i think the greatest question is what is the level of pediatric care and expertise around the care of these children in thse facilities?

we don't know what kind of screenings, who saw him, when the cision was made to tke him to the hospital or send him home, and we contue to have questions about this. >> let me talk to you about the at the u.s. customs and border protection islia this. they say they will have secondary checks on al chldren within their custody and partnering with your organization. can you tell me more about the checks and what they' going to get experts to deal with these childrenll >> i can't ou specifically what their checks look like now. what i can tell you, though, is that the medical needs of children are very different than the medical needs of adults. a child who is severely ill mayt ave very subtle changes from a child who is mildly ill. increased heart rate, respiratory rate, wh that can differentiate a child who isve ill from mildly ill. you need specific pediatric

expertise to be able to know the difference and manage these children correctly >> what did the agency tell you about the secondary checks and their partnership with your organization? >> when i spoke with commissioner earlier today, he is very interested in improving the care othe children in cvp custody, andri the an academy of pediatrics has reached out to the department of homeland security to tell them thate're rally interested in the monitoring, in the training of per working with them to ensure that these children are managed medically correctly and th they have optimal health. >> you were talking aout the commissioner. i want to play for you what he told cbs earlier today. >> our stations are nilt for that group that's crossing today. they were built 30, 40 years ago, for single ad mules, and we need a different approach. we need help from congress. we need to budget for medical care and mental health care, for children in our facilities.

>> dr. kraft, what do hu make oft wh's saying there and what do you think needs to change to improve the facilities for these kids? his words really resonate with what the american academy of pediad ics has publis our policy on detention f immigrant children. we know these facilities are not od for children. they're cold, they have lights on 24-7, thehave open toilets. there are places where children can get sick and get sicker. so we agree that something needs to change and be dne to monitor and teach and look at the carec for thldren in these facilities. >> before felipe died, 7-year-old jacqueline caal mckeon died. what's happening with children thsthese facilities with dea so close together? >> we don't know what's happening here. when it comes to the med oal ca children, if you're not trained in pediatric care, youow

don't hat you don't know. so these children are getting sick, and the personnel, who mai be very , aren't realizing how sick these children, are so they're going on to die. >> lastly, dr. kraft, can you talk to me a little bit aut at you think overall is going to happen now that you've seen these changes kind of going into effect? >> we think the outreach from the commissioner is very good initial news. the devil is in the details, though, d we nee be able to partner and have unfettered access to these facilities. we need to bring in the pediatric training, we need to bring in the pediatric monitoring, and we ned to mak sure that children in our custody are being caredor so that their health is optimized and their health is not put at risk. >> dr. colleen kraft, thank you so much. >> thank you.

>> brangham: now to one of the more difficult stories that resonated throughout this past year. the catholic church-- along with its larger community around the world-- has been rocked by the churchs' long history of sexual abuse. inis year, the tragic revelations kept c and they exposed even more just how long many dioceses coveind up abuse. his very frank conversation, judy explores what the cover-ups have meantor survivors, and for the faithful at large. but, she begins with someou back. >> woodruff: the assaus go back decades.s but this year en a tidal wave of shocking revelations about alleged abuse, misconductl or even asthat happened in dioceses around the country. it was a subject ofe th pope's annual christmas message when he said that pr wedator pries have raped or molested children

should turn themselves in "to ceman justice." sometimes, the ds have finally and reluctantly released names. in other cases, they are still not cooperative. t and, some highest leaders of the church has resigned or been removed. >> i take this step for the survivors. >> woodruff: the country wasst unned this summer when an explosive grand jury report in pennsylvania shed light on the abuse of more than 1,000 people. >> it was sexual abuse.wn committed by gen against elildren.

they protected thes/ >> woodruf have been named in more than 35 dieses-- be it chicago, atlanta, buffalo or las cruces, new mexico. it's a painful te, but for some of the survivors, a cathartic period as well. pl start our conversation tonight with two pwho were themselves childhood victims of sexual abuse at the hands of priests. john carr was abused during his teen years at a catholic seminary high school. day, he is director of t initiative on catholic social thought and public life at georgetown university. becky ianni is a member of the board of directors of "survivors network of those abused by priests."al she was se violated by a priest from the age of eight until she was 12-- a memory e repressed for more than 30 years. and susan reynolds of the candler school of theology at emory university.st

lst aushe wrote a letter calling for the resignation of all u.s. bishops in the aftermath of the relations about pennsylvania. welcome, all three of you. thank you for being here. i want to start with the two of you. john carr, you were living in arural minnesota, you we teenager. what happened to you? >> i went to high school in rural minnesota, 14 years old, got a great education and a strong spiritual foremeetings, but i experienced sexual abuse. d three priests, two priests and a brother, who pursued me, i guess the phrase is "groomed" me, and touched me, hugged me, whereas i did not experience the horrors in the pennsylvania grand jury report, but there wao thing wrong, something evil, something lousy about that. and frankly, i just packed it away for a long time.

>> woodruff: becky ianni, you were in alexandria, virginia, washington, d.c. suburbs, and you were very young, eight years old when it started. >> yes, a inew ordained est came to our parish and sort of adited our famly, and he would say mass in our house, and he would be over to or houser dinner three or four times. he went on vacation with us, and i loved him, and i wanted his attention, and he took that uadoration and started ang me around the age of eight, and went on for probably three or four years. he would literally abuse me in the basement of our house and then go up and have dinner with my parents. every sunday, i had to see his hands that violated me hole ng alice at mass. >> woodruff: we said it was many years bfore you were able to talk about it, but, in the mean time, you kept this inside you. >> yes, i kept it inside, and i didn't even rec it for myself, but it affected my entire life. i was afraid of boys, i lost all my self-confidence, i really

felt that i was a dirty person and i always was constantly trying to make up for the factth i was unloveable. >> woodruff: john carr, how did you keep it inside you and keep going? >> well, ironically, i went to work for thurch. i worked for the diocese of minnesota, for the archdiocese of washington, for the bishops conference and dlt with some these issues. i worked with cardinal mccarrick. i just pushed it away, and then i found myslking about what was wrong here, and i kept hearing myself say slence and secrecy are part of it, and i had to realize my secret, my silence was a big part of it. and, so, i had notold my parents, who passed, but i talked to my wife, my kid key friends, and i sat down and wrote what happened to me, when, where, who, and i st it to the

provcial, the lead of the community of the seminary, and ere was something -- >> woodruff: in minnesota. in minnesota. and there was somethat said, if i had spoken up, you know, maybe i could have protected , hers. i was years old, and then i saw a list, and the people i would have reportethis were themselves on the list for abusers, so i don'k that would have worked. >> woodruff: what made you finally ianni, with talking about it? >> i think what happened is ime cross a picture of myself with my perpetrator at the age of 48 and everything came flooding back and i went into a deep depression, and i felt life was hopeless, i wanted to commit suicide, i just didn't want to be here anymore. so i wento the church for help, and they were not helul. i felt even more into depression. i contacted someone who was also abused by myra perpr and they suggested i called snap,

survivors network of those abused by priests, and i did and went to a couple of support groups, and list upping to oter people saying the same ings i was feeling made me feel less isolated abld i wasto share my story. secrecy is poisonouto talk about it helped me to start to heal >> woodruff: susan reynolds, you heard so many of these stories, you teach about the catholic faith, you teach theology, and, yet, hearing this, does it help you understand how the people in the church, the lay people in the church are now addressing this horrible history? >> i think it's hard to understate the magnitude of the effect that this crisis has had on people in the pews. people feel betrayed, they feel unheard, they feel insulted, frankly. one thing i heard from people

quite a lot is ey feel that the onus is constantly placed on them to forgive, to movon, to give the church one more chance. it's very, very painful. but i've also been amazed by the energy that lay peoe hav exhibited in wanting to take on this crisis, and my ownis par in atlanta, for example, lay people have formed a coalition and partnered with other p parishes in the area to try to leadership from the ground up to think about how could we educate one another and participate in leadership structures within our own parish and be the change, i, a sehat we want to see in the church. >> woodruff: john carr, how to o lay people in the churc what kind of reaction are you getting, have you gotten from them? >> well, after those years at the bishops conferenc i went to georgetown, and we have had three sessions, one with young leaders in washington, one for the whole community, and one in our chapel, and they were

incredibly intense. anwhat we founds anguish, anger and a desire to do something, put also a sense of solidarity. the night that i talked about my own experience, there we four other people on that panel who had been abused, and ten people lined up to ask questions. four of those talked aboutheir own experience. since i talked about my experience, gotten e-mails and calls from people coming up. in this very studio, somebody came up and said thank you for speaking out. >> when you were here talking about it? >> yes. so i think there is a sense of solidarity. what we need is action. people want to talk about healing. we ned reform and renewal before we get to healing, and it's not justhe crimes, it's the culture that permitted this. >> you're nodding, susan reynolds. whatoes that mean, reforming and reforming the culture? >> i think it all comes down to

clericalism. the way in which priests and bishops, those who are ordaine have been regarded in some way as super hume bin the rest ofth faithful, this is a culture that needs to end and the only way it ends is if lay people are given an authentic voice withinc the stre of the church. people feel unheard, they feel in the dark. they don't know whatf anythin the church is doing to begin to address these horrific crimes. it's time in some way for t church to throw open the windows of the authority structure ad let in the voices of lay people. >> woruff: becky ianni, just listening to all this, what is your owna experience -- what your own experience meant for your relationship with the church? >> well, i went to the church and i wanted three things. i wanted them to tell me it wasn't my fault, i wanted them to tell me i wasn't going to hell for telling on ariest because that's what my perpetrator told me, an ti wanted th tell me they

believed me and were sorry, and i didn't get any of those things. it took me 12 months to go in front of the review board and i felt abandoned, so i gave up the church because it hurt too much. so not only dud i give up the church but i gave up god. so i had a huge gap because i felt like god abandoned and that made me feel more alone than ever. >> woodruff: and john carr is someone who had worked with the church and people at thhighest levels in the church. tw can people who've trusted this institutionrust it?' >> well, i somebody who -- as somebody who's worked for the church, the first thing i want to say is sorry. >> thank you. what happened to you was terrible and the way you were treated was myong. experience recently was a little different. i talked to the provincial. he did apologize. he did acknowlge there was no suggestion that this was my

fault. but that's not enough. i think what we need to do is to take on this culture. somebody asked me, is this about theology, is this about morality, is this about eclesiology? no, this is about how we are. the people wuo absed their power, committed these crimes and abused this culture. pope francis is a cleric, and he has been slow in some ways to act on this, but he has identified clericalism as ata fundamproblem, and i think there will be a big test. this meeting in february where theyring everyone together and a moral test, a fudamental measure of the catholic community of faith is whether w acknowleat this is a global problem and that our experience is not our fault, it's not isolated, it is a moral test how the church responds, and i think pope francis, when he listens to victims, people like us, he responds.

and, so, my hope is we're movin from a period where we protect the institution to listening to the people who have experienced this and their families. there is a lack of eve emathy. they don't understand the anguish. >> woodruff: and, susan reynolds, aft all these stories in parish after parish, diocese after diocese, if the message hasn't gotten across by now, what's going to get thess e across? >> i think that's a great question, and the anguish becky describes i think encapsulates this perfectly. the lack of compassion that we've heard, in some ways, from those at the hihest level of the church seems like such a dissense from the horrors of the imes that have been exposed. and this is exactly what is needed. we need to believe victims, and the only waye can do that is to begin, as john said, to dissolve this culture of clericalism, which has promoted

this self-protectionism. >> woodruff: becky, coming back to you and th the painful experience you have been through, what do you and other survivors need now? what do you want? >> i think what we want is what happened to us never to happen to another child. so we need action. i'm so tired of saying we're going to do a healing mashes. ing mass might be good for those that go to church, but how many survivors who re abused in a church is a healing mass going to help? we really need them to take action. quite frankly, i've sort ofon given uphe church in many ways. i've not given up on the people the pews, but i've given up on the bishops and the priests making changes.n it's been too i can't put my heart out there. it's been dashed too many times. i'm going to rely on secular society nd attorney gerals doing their jobs, i'm going to fight for better laws to protecc childrense for me my main goal is protecting children. >> woodruff: john, hearing

that? >> i suspect where becky is coming from, i hope for more from the church, frankly. this is a time when they need to step up, they need to prtect the vulnerable, they need to be accountable. it's not that hard. they expect us to keep our vows, they should keep their vo i will to anything to protect my children, theyhihould do ever to protect our children. and i'm accountable for mys. acti they ought to be accountable for theirs. >> woodruff: well, it is such a painful subject. so important to look at it directly and think about what it means for each one of you and forthe catholic church ovrall. susan reynolds, john carr, becky ianni, thank you. >> thank you, judy. . >> brangham: most americans know

well that indelible, incredible ment of the first moon landing. but, before neil armstrong andbu zz aldrin touched down on the moon, nasa's "apollo 8" mission was a crucial stepping-stone for america and its space program. jeffrey brown marks the 50th anniversary of that mission, is week's "science on the leading edge" segment. >> brown: it was a year of tragedy that saw the assassinations of martin luther king and bobbie kennedy -- bobby kennedy, civil rights protests and rits, growing anger around the vietnam war. but as 1968 came to a close, threenauts, franborman, bill anders and jim lovell were the first to leave earth's gravitational poll, orbit the moon and return and set the stage for a moon landing seven months later. it was bolsd, riky and improvised in a matter of months. it was told in a story on nov and tonight sets out the tensionsnd cold war pressures

behind the mission. >> we were training in california, the three of us, bill, myself and frank, when suddenly fra got called back ston.u >> he said, frank, i want you back right away. i have to dcuss something with you. >> pete slayton is in charge of thenauts. >> i said, well, let's discuss it now. i'm busy. i'll do it over the phone. and he reminded me who's boss. thingsnere getle andco politicallect in those days. we weren't candy asses, okay. so i went back to houston. he said close the door. i realized soething was big. >> a c.i.a. spyli sat has photographed an enormous soviet rocketn a launch pad. it can mean only one thing. >> the c.i.a. had information that the soviets were planning

on sending a man around the moon in the year of 1968. >> brown: more on the mission and its significanc we turned to howard mccurdy of american university, an expert on space policy, and author of "space and the american imagition." welcome. >> thank you. >> brown: born of cold-war pressures and a rush to move quickly. >> this is the crucial battle in the cold war which will be fought on technological grounds, and the battle from the soviets' perspective is can they get to the moon before the united states gets to the moon, ando they have rograms underway, one to circle the moon and the .ther to land on the moon they are very much in the competition that fall before the christmas flight. >> but the u.s. decision is to rush forward quickly. what kind risks didhat entail. >> the apollo fire two years elderrier that took the lives of three astronauts completely scrambled the flight schedule to get the americans to the moon,

and the two largest risks were the saturn five rocket had never been flown with astronauts and the previous test flight which was unmanned wa a falure. so they were flying a failedfo vehicl the first time with astronauts on board, not knowing whether or not they would be able to solve the technicalob ms. >> why was this mission, this next step so important in terms of lunar exploration? what was it meant to do? >> what it was meant to do essentially is to test our ability in the s soc soyuraft fe rings and apollo for the americans to leave gravity and circle the moon and return safely to earth. >> and never done before. never. and improvised.th done oback side of the moon out of contact with the earth, we couldn't tell them if the burn wasc sucessful. if it was not, they could circle

the moon eternally or come backu and miss the earth. >> so take us to the drama ofti that palar moment. there was a successful launch. >> a successful launch. reaches the moo and on christmas eve, as our present to the world, th three astronauts read from the book of genesis, te creation story. >> "in the beginning god createn the hend the earth. and the earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of god moved upon the ce of the waters. and god said, let there be ligh" >> brown: and looking down at the moon which is completely barren and then back at the earth, they took a picture of the earth riing over the ho horizon of the moon. it was the earthrise picture, and it was one of the first opportunities for us to see the earth as it really exists in the

cosmos, a fragile blue and white marble. that became iconic. yes, along with the one fromy1 apwhich is the whole earth and shows the cradle of a civilization irica. ll brown: history sort of swallowed the ap8 mission when it was followed so quickly by the moon lan >> but it was crucial because the soviet unionould have beat us if they had not had problems with their parteacroves and parachutes on the soyuz craft with an unmanned vehicle. riedact, in the mission car out in september prior to the m apollossion, the soviet union put tape recorders on the soyuz craft so our intelligence community thought they were hearing the voipses of cosmonauts and our thought was temporarily they beat us to the moon and they felt it would be enough cancel out an advantage we might have in ferch i finishing the saturn 5 rocket

and getting to the surface of the moon. >> brown: howard mccurdy, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> brangham: and jeffrey brown has one more for us tonight. here's our latest "now read this" book club conversation, that he rerded before the holiday. attaining and questioning the american dream. ou december book club pi a meme boyar woir in which a young man makes his way through many different worlds, will blighted neighborhoods, evangelicall church and cge football to the highest levels of academia wall street anwashington. it's calls "there will be no miracles here." author casey gerald joins us from los angeles to answer somet of the quns our readers sent in. casey, thanks for jooing us fr our bookub. >> thank you for having me. let's go to the first question. >> you have a wonderfully rich sonalective on your per

journey. my question relates to how you gained thveis perspec was it through the writing process itself? and what would be your advice to someone who would like toac eve the same kind of perspective on his or her ownpe onal journey? >> it's a great question. i think of what tony morrison hald her students, she said don't writeyou know because you don't know anything. i think it's an invitation to personal narrative. so much of the stuff in this look i did not know before i began. for example, my mother suffered from mental illness and disappeared when i was 13, but before i wrote the book i thought she disappeared when i was 12. it was traumatic to think the most important thing that happened to me i didn't understand or know the full details. but leaning into that work took a great deal of bourbon and revion and time, sort of

sifting through the particles of memory and trying to bring language to that. so the biggest advice i have, is one, don't push yourself without some type of support system for dealing with traumatic memories and experiences, i would not advi that. t i had learned and believed that if you face the things you've been through, you can begin to heal from them and that has for sure been the caswith me in this book. >> brown: i mentioned the term "americadream" which youe certainly exploring, attaining and questioning, so much of the nbook is sort of abo only who we are but how we're seen. our next question goes to that. >> you were eager to shed the mantel of being the son of gerald or the next barack obama but recoilem froing a misleading symbol of the american treatment if p you control a bol like casey gerald represented, what would present? him re >> i'd write in the book the symbol is the world's loneliest

job, and after that passage, which those of you who have read the book might have seen, in my own handwriting, in the book, i write i have something to tell you while there's still time. so a lot opeople show up to memoir expecting for somebody to give them all the answers. what i actually am trying to do is to get you to trust the small me, the hum man it seems , not to see me as a symbol but as a human being, and i think that actually is something we all deserve to be, not things but people. >> brown: explain what you mean by the symbol, that you were seen as, and that you then had to question. >> yeah. well, it goes to a poster that was made when i was recruited at 18 to go off and play football at yle from my high school in oakcliff, texas. so when i went off to yale, dallas independent school district put posters in all the

schools that said look who's going to yale. he did it, you can can, too.it an took me a long time to see the ways i was used as this symbol of the american dream as you might call it. much of ththbook is to show t this american dream deal is a fantasy, it's a myth, its a distraction. you take a poor back queer did, damn near orphaned from oakcliffhi texas, senm to harvard and wreath and washington, put him on the cover of a magazine, whatever, and it distracts us from the fact that there's a conveyor belt leng most young people from neighborhoods like mine to nowhere while picking off a few like me. when i say this is an intervention, it is to try to get us not so much to believe in dreabu and miraclet to really focus on the american reality and to saay tht one casey gerald does not justify the suffering of millions of children, and we can build a country or society, and we can

build livethat are more humane, that are nobler, that are kinder and gentler that don't leave 13 million children without food to eat or one in 30 children without a place live. that at base is what i'm trying to do with this book. i obviously do very personal gerk but tied to this lar political project we need to be a part of. >> brown: one more questio goes to that. >> you you write that the american dream is false an there is no savior coming. so where do we go from here? f what's ne you and what's next for us? >> brown: well, there's a big question, huh? >> there we go, a lot of big question t i don't wriat i know of that there's no savior coming, so anything's possible, i suppose. but ople ask me all theme where do we go from here, and me question inurn is where is . re? there's no g.p the world that can lead you to a destination without knowicu your

ent location. so a lot of people read this book and say when i read it i felt that i was reading a history of america, not a memoir. and i think if i've done my job well, what i've done with this book is to help us understand how we got here and where we are, and my hope is that we go to a place that is whole, that is free, rather than a placeyi that is to make america great again, i think we ought to try to make ourves and country whole and free for the first timebo >> brown: thk is "there will be no miracles here," casey forald. thank you very mucjoining us. >> thank you very much. >> brown: and before we go, let me announce our pick to start off the new year with a twist, a doctor looks at matters of the heart, his own and all of ours, in a very new way, frm bodily plumbing to human love. it's called heart, a history. we'll have plenty of material about the bo and author for

you and heap you read along and join the discussion on our facebook page on the "now read this" book club, a partnership with the "new york times." >>rangham: and that's the newshour for tonight. on thursday, three survivors reflect on the "metoo" movement. i'm william brangham. joins again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you, and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fat. t >> sharing latest viral cat! >> you can do the things you lake to do with a wireless designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer cellular.re learn t consumercellular.tv >> kevin. >> kevin! >> kevin? >> advice for life. life well-planned. learn more at raymondjames.com. >> bnsf railway.

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