captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight... (gavel bangs) a new era of divided government begins as democrats take control of the u.s. house amid stagnant negotiations over the ongoing government shutdown. then, in a historic first, china's space program managesdi thicult task of landing a craft on the far side of the moon. plus, making sense of the rising popularity of socialism among younger americans and what it could mean for the fof equality and our personal lives. >> the conmporary moment of capitalism that we're in has created a lot of risk for young people. they're in a very precariousat sin because there's so

little of a social safety net. >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshouras been provided by: >> on a cruise with american ricruise lines, you can exce historic destinations along the mississippi river, the columbiss river and ache united states. american cruise lines flt of small ships explore american landmarks, local cultures and calm waterways. american cruise lines, proud sponsor of p newshour.

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>> woodruff: this has been a day of political pageantry, and real change, in the u.s. congress. but the partial government shutdown goes on, at 13 days and counting. congressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage of this day's events. >> desjardins: as instructed by the constitution, at noon, the new congress convened, sweeping in o of the largest turnovers in the capitol in recent history, with nearly 100 new ifwmakers, a generational heptured by selfies. inouse, a change in power as enthusiastic democrats gained control. d >> houocrats are down with pr desjardins: n.d.p., or nancy d'alesandro pelosied her

vote-counting ability, winning back her old job as speaker of in the end just 12 democrats, voted for otheth 3 voting "present." republican leader kevin mccarthy, as per tradition, introduced pelosi. >> speaker of the house nancy pelosi, i extend to you this gavel. >> desjardins: pelosi pointed to change, starting with the new faces in the chamber. >> our congress will be refreshed, and our democracy will be strengthened by the optimism, idealism and patriotism of this tranormative freshman class. >> desjardins: as she ushered in a new era of divided government, pelosi tried to straddle politics, outlining an agenda for thleft: tackling income disparity and climate change, with a message for the middle. >> i pledge that this congress will be transparent, bipartisan and unifying.

>> desjardins: as the house moved left... enate will come to order. >> desjardins: ...the senate anmoved right, with republ increasing their majority to 53 votes. seven of nine new senators swori in are repns, including former presidential candidate mitt romney. it is a divided day for democracy too, a peaceful transition of power but asai government hasd at a basic function-- to keep itself funded. owe partial government shu has frozen or cut pay for hundreds of thousands of workers, and leaves them no time foceremony of a new congress. >> i've lost a full, almost a full paycheck, almost a full paycheck worth of income because of the shutdown already. >> desjardins: and you won't get it back? >> and i will not get that back. no. >> desjardins: tresha taylor is a federal contracta who works foivate company with a contract at the state department. both she and her company are out of work and won't get repaid. we met her yesterday at one of

many washington-ar restaurants offering a free meal or drink to cheer up furloughed workers. >> this lookso good. happy new year to you, too. >> desjardins: so far she says, iee's getting by okay, putting off grocfor her and her son. she's worried about rent. but mostly she's angry at a congre the white house, for seeming to ignore the real people affected by this fight. >> it's not like evryone is making beaucoup bucks in the government and we' all living large and we have these big ho there are people that have worked for the government for years and they still live ycheck to paycheck. so they rely on that money. yes, if the government they may get a paycheck next week, but it may be a month from now. it may be two months from nolo it may ber. >> happy new year to everybody.d >> desjardins:g to the unusual events, late today president trump took to the podium in the white press room for the first time, surrounded by border patrol and imgration officers, but he began with a nod to the new speaker. >> i just want to start bytu

congting nancy pelosi on being elected speaker of the house. it's a very, very great achievement. and hopefully we're going to ork together, we're going get lot's of things done like >> desjardins: the president went on to say he needier itnding for the border. s a bifurcated moment. the house and senate are the most diverse in hiory including the first muslim women and first native american women in congress. the capitol has opened to younger lawmakers and more female members than ever before. but this congress starts as doors are closed to a quarter oo rnment for federal workers and the american public. and there's no indication of how long that could last. >> woodruff: and lisa joins me now. so, lisa, we know the democrats have they are own ideas about funding. tell us a little bit about that, and with this change in powe the house, is there a shift in thinking about the shtdown?

>> first, the democrats, we expect them to pass two bills ulnight, one in the house only democrats pass a bill that would reopen most of the shutdown government and fund fem for the rest o the year. a separate bill would fund the department of homeland security for one month with no wall funding, and that would just be temporary funding. now, we expect ito pass the house, as i said, but go nowhere in the senate at this point. also, it's worth pointing out that i just received note fro nancy pelosi's office that she is expected to come speak to cameras not long from now d to respond, i think, to some of what president trump and others on his behalf have said today about the shutdown. to answer your bigger question, judy, what does this new congress mean for the shutdownsi ation? it actually means it's gotten worse. even more yesterday than today, i felt a sense of everyone giving upl cont the situation. for example, i hea

conservative republican senator shelby, head of the appropriations committee, he has said that it is possible this shutdown could go months and months. en you ask democrats about that observe the house side, they got back and saikid joly, what was the longest shutdown we ever had. i said 21 days in 1995, they laughed and said looks like we'll get there.er s a nonchalance that's hard to harass with real people having their lives put on hold d some of them overturned as g upheaval.cin >> woodruff: as we heard from the woman you were speaking with. ans sayinghe republic about the shutdown right now? >> this is interesting. thide is a div i talked to republican jim jordan who was the only other republican to get votes from the speaker today. he told me tht he does t expect the president to change at all. he is telling the president to keep dug in and to demand the money forthe wall.

he thinks this is the moment. on the other hand, we saw two senators today, cory gardner of colorado, came out and said he would support a bill to reopen most of government, and senator susan colof maine intimated the same. she didn't go quite as far but got across the idea she wants to reopen as much of government as possible. so a split in that some republicans are breaking wi the president's strategy now. >> woodruff: the prsident came out into the press briefing room. he had never done that.r brought boragents with him. he tweeted -- i guess did an instagram post and was tweet ago video. how are you reading all that? >> that's right, extraordinary all of thi first, that instagram post was a reference to "game of thrones," the president saying a wall is coming. that's a society on hbo, kind oo geh look from the

president. morph-over, let's talk about what the presidentonsaivmentd at point, he said that there is the greatest number of people crossing illegally t we've ever seen. that does not comport with the government's own facts. we know for a fact that for decadethe numbers have been going down. border patrol apprehension went down 80% since 2000. epout 300,000 people in 2017. so important to in mind the facts as the political debate seems to be freeziliticians from taking any action at the drmoment. >> wf: absolutely important to keep track of the facts. we'll come back to later to see what speaker pelosi had to say. lisa, thank you. in the day's other news, wall street went into meltdown mode a agaitech stocks took their worst beating in seven years. it came as apple warned slowing sales in china, adding to concerns about the chinese econom the dow jones industrial average lost 660 points to close at 22,686.

the nasdaq fell 202 points, and the s&p 500 dropped 62. trade tensions with china also contributed to the sell-off. but white house economic advisor kevin hassett said beijing's economic worries will pressure it to reach a deal. >> make no mistake the chinese economy is on a path that we haven't seen in decades. i and thsomething that will affect companies in china. so there is a lot of room forin positive gaihe chinese omgotiations and i think the fact that their ecis having trouble right now shows that our policies have been affective in getting them to the table. woodruff: hassett said china's economy is now facing "what fothem might be called a recession." we'll get some insight into all of this, after the news summary. ice u.s. state department is again warning ams in china to use increased caution. an updated advisortoday says chinese authorities have arbitrarily barred pple from leaving the country, with so- called "exit bans."

all of this follows the arrest of a chinese tech executive in canada last month. china then detained two canadians. in saudi arabia, prosecutors announced today they will seek the death penalty for five men accused of killing journalist and dissident jamaal khashoggi. they were among 11 suspects who had an initial court hearing. khashoggi was murdered at the saudi consulate in istanbul last october. a ecial tribunal in afghanistan has convicted three men of murdering journalist ahmad shah. he worked for the bbc and reuters and was shot dead in khost province last april. ll, 15 journalists were killed in afghanistan last yeari the moany country. police in southern indiaed arrested hunof protesters today after two women entered a hindu temple, in defnce of an ancient ban. ors from conservative hindu groups marched, clashed

with officers and burned effies. the protests shut down much of kerala stete. last ser, india's supreme court lifted the ban on women accessing the temple. and, in a lunar first, china says it landed an unmanned spa probe on the far side of the moon today. over the years, the u.s., the former soviet union, and china have senspacecraft to the moon's surface, but always on the near side. we'll have a full port, later in the program. a alsohead on the newshour: analysis of the recent market volatility following apple's warning of decreased iphone sales. the secretary of state demands the immediate release of a american charged with espionage in russia. making sense of the rise in popularity of socialism among a new generation of americans, and much more.

>> woodruff: let's unpack more about this wild day on wall reet, the relentless market volatility of late, and why o concerr china's economy are reverberating here in the u.s. today.i for that joined by diane swonk, chief economist with grant thorton, an accounting and consu network. she joins me from wttw chicago tonight. dine, welcome back to the "newshour". so let's talk about what happened today. the dow -- the dow was down 660, you had tech stocks down their most, i guess, in seven years,in what is dr this? >> well, we have several things ming together, one ise uncertainty regarding china, the second largest econom ty world, and, when it slows, it does have spillover effects to the rest of the world. this is an econo that literally has tentacles into every major devoped economy in the world. we're also seeing out there uncertainty regarding what is the d game with the trade war,

we saw kevin haasette saying this is having an impact on china, we'll, it's also ing an impact on the u.s. e u.s. manufacturing sector showed weakness today and making more uncertain is we actually, because of theovernment shutdown, don't have the stream of economic data we usually do. will get the employment report tomorrow because that part of the government is not shut down. the rest of the statistical agencies are shut down, so we didn't get constructta today, we didn't get new home sales, it was a blocbukrster holiday season but we won't get that data. so we're seei the market operate sort of walking into a veil of uncertainty. when we do that, you see a lotil of volity. you can't see the road ahead. >> fascinating the shutdown is having this kind of effect on the economdi , explain more about what's going on in china has this kind of an effect in the u.s>>. ell, really, we do have a lot of exposure, as we already

saw th apple and the c.e.o. chair today warning there could be other major companies saying they're making less because of china' woes, this is because a lot of our ofits are abroad. china is an economy for our stock market so you can't have a trade war without consequences in the u.s. s.we have firms that are hesitating, not doing the d expect.t one wo they are paying taxes and tariffs that are squeezing profit margins and until they know therules in terms of global trade, they don't know where to place their bets ing forward. so all of that is really adding to this uncertainty about not only t china situation, but how it could reverberate here in our own backyard in the u.s. >> woodruff: a healthy economy but a lot of uncertainty as people look around. diane swonk, wehank you. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: now to that historic first.ye nearly 5s after buzz aldrin and neil armstrong first planted an american flthe moon, china's space program just landed a pbe on the far side of the moon. as the chinese put it, it opens "a new chapter" io its explorat william brangham looks at what that cou mean. >> brangham: the chinese probe is called chene-4. it's named after a moon goddess from chinese mythology, and it landed on the moon's far side yesterday. that's the side we never see here on earth because of the moon's unique rotation. hee lander touched down in moon's largest and oldest crater and began transmitting the first images we've seen from that area. cheng-e-4 also deployed a rover on the surface to survey the terrain. the landing time and location had been kept secret since the probe went into orbit around the moon on december 12. one reason that astronauts have not landed on that side of the moon before is that it's nearly impossible to communicat

directly with earth. to solve that problem, the chinese launched a satellite last year that can relay information between the probe and chinese mission control. it a big moment for the chinese space program and for future exploration. and our science correspondent miles o'brien is here to help plain. >> hello, william. what do the chinese want to do on the far side of the moon? >> there is reasonably good science. there has not been a lander or ronr on that side of the m and now there is both there, and the chinese have a lot to look at. they're in the largest craterow that we knf in the solar system, 1500 miles across. what causethat, that's interesting. inside the crater are lots of other smaller craters to tell us a little bit about how dangeroas ighborhood we live in as it relates to near objects and asteroids. they will be taking stunning pictures, some of which we've seen on the internetthere's a

ground-penetrating radar. they even have a thing they call a pio -- biosphere which has ings like sikworms as well. >> seems to plant in the ground. they're going to have a terrarium where they will see what they can grow. that signals what they're up to. they would like to put an outpost on the mon, said they'd soke to do it around 2030, these are the logical steps in that direction. >> i do understand when you are on the far side of the moon -- not the da irk sidhould point out -- that using radio telescop is much easier. help me understand why. >> this is one of the mos intriguing aspects of the far side of the moon to astronomers and scientific community in general. radio telescopes which allow us to look v very deep into the cosmos have a problem on earth, all this electromagnetic radiation --

>> audit cell phones and racquet we make. >> what we're doing now isen we broadcast at people at home, interferes to find the tiny signals that are emanating from quasars in the distant cosmos. on the far side of the moon, you sive none of that. none of the gnals from earth are there, so it's a very pristine environment to do radio astronomy and a lot of people hope that's what happens some day. as it happens, on this pair of the orbit and the lander, we'll be able to do rudimentary radio astronomy on this particular mission.ne >>uestion i know always comes up especially with regards to china, which has become our number one geopolitical rival, is how mucof this is a military-driven operation and each of this is science? >> well, it is military after all,eth a ilitary program. n.a.s.a. is a civilian program, but it had a t of military components to it all along, and, in the context of the cold war, it was an instrument of soft power, to say the least. so, in china,eth a ttle more

straightforward as a military operation, which is why you see these fits and bursts of secrec en public relations prompting. they're -- trumpeting. they're of two minds on it. they want the world to know they can do this. it is aboput erpower status they hope to obtain, but it begins, of course, with litary superiority, which they've worked on with great tenaciou tenaciousness. >> sketch out what the chinese'e goals may bnd the moon. >> no less than becoming the superpower if you look at the ultimate big picture. i think this is really a tortoise and the hear kind of story. the chinese didn't put human beings into spac until 2003, so they were kind of late to the party, and they've set their goals in a very methodical way with deadlines, which are kind of long by our std, but they have met those deadlines, and,

slowly but shiewcialtion they've built a program to rival any manned space program in the world. there are only three. and, so, in the long run, theylo arking to put footprints on the moon, maintain an outpost there, anthen continue onward. so is the u.s. the hear in this ra? that remains to be seen. >> it's also imprortant china knowing they don' know the congressional funding is coming. nasa road the funding for years and the chinese don't have that problem. >> democracy can be messy. every four or years, there is a changelans in space. george w. bush retired the space shuttle and said let's go to the moon. president obama said let's to go to pars. donald trump comes in and says let's goo the moon. if you do that every election cycle, you end up going noe. >> picking up on this tortoise

and the hare met for, is this new space relations? >> it seems that way. the u.s. space relations privately are cheering on the chinese. there is an expression in space, no bks, n buck rogers, and a space race uimately leads to funding and there is ahinking that the competition, concern, fear that china might beat the u.s. back to the moon or mars, that can lead to funding, so, yeah, let's watch the race and see what happens. who knows, that particular spot on the moon or on the moon in general could be the pefer refueling station for missions that go much farther into the cosmos. >> miles o'brien, thank you very much. >> you're welcome ♪ fly me to the moon ♪ lete play among the stars l jua me see what spring is like oiter and mars ♪

>> woodruff: the case of an american arrested on espionage charges in moscow bears many of the hallmarks of cold war intrigue.d foreign affairs correspondent nick schifrin reports, there may be aon motivaehind the detention that lends new meaning to the term "trade war." >> schifrin: paul whelan is a former marine who serv tours in iraq before he was court martialed for charges related to larceny. during one of those tours, he vacationed in moscow, the beginning of what res family calllar trips. he lives outside detroit, and works for e automotive supply company borg warner as its director of global security. today, he's held at this detention facility in moscow. after his arrest last we on suspicion of spying, russian media today announced he was charged with espionage, andfa could up to 20 years in prison. yesterday in brazil, secretary of state mike pompeo said the u.s. was seeking more information. >> we've made clear to the russians our expectation that we will learn more about the charges. i come to understand what it is

he's been accused of and if the ditention is not appropriate we will demand his ime return. >> schifrin: shortly after, u.s. ambassador to russia jon hunstman visited whelan in prison, and a state department spokesperson said, "ambassador huntsman expressed his support for mr. whelan and offered the embassy's assistan through the office of american citizen services. bsequently huntsman spoke by telephone with mr. whelan's family." >> paul's a kind and a generous person. >> schifrin: paul's twin brother david gave an interview to cnn,e leased a statement saying paul was in moscow for a wedding and that "his innocence is undoubted." he was asked to come and help whelan visited russia often. he supported the country's most famous soccer team. and he supported president trump. whelan had a profilevan russia's eqnt of facebook. on election night 2016, he wrote in misspelled russiaward president trump." and on inaguration day, he

wrote, "god save president trump." >> schifrin: whelan's arrest c could nected to the u.s. government's arrest of russian citizen maria butina. last month she pleaded guilty to acting as an agent of the kremlin to influence u.s. polics. she had met with republicans such as former wisconsinve or scott walker. whelan's family insists he was not working for the u.s. government. why did russia arrest paul whelan? how likely is it that he really is a spy as the russians claim? for that we turn to john sipher, a 28-year veteran of the c.i.a. who was based in moscow in the 1990s. he subsequently oversaw operations against russian intelligence services. he's now with the consulting firm crosslead. thank you very much for being here. >> nice to be here. former marine, does global security, speaks a little russian. is that the profile of someo working for u.s. intelligence? >> definitely not the profile of someone working fu.s. intelligence, especially in a place like scow. moscow is probably the most

hostile counterintelligeine environmenhe world for u.s. intelligence, and we treat hae work we do there very, very carefully and wdle things very, very carefully, so the notion we would use an amrican without diplomatic immunity who might get arrested and thrown in jail is incredibly unlikely, and mr. whelan's background doesn't fit with the kind of person who would be involved with u.s. intelligence. >> nonofficial cover, there are cases wherei. the a. turns to people perhaps with a military background or at the very least not diplomatic cover, but ever that, this is not an example of someone who's going to be in rust working for intelligence services? >> mr. president putin grew up with cold war kgb, he han the russian intelligence service, he's been president almost 20 years so he's seen u.s. intelligence service work and the have been arrests and defections over the years so he knows well how we work and he

knows well this is not how we work. so somebody like this just doesn't fit our profile, especial mosco it's possible we use different cover in different places, but a place likmoscow where they're tracking us 24 hours a day and very focused on the united states as their main enemy, it would be foolhardy r to try to do sort of sloppy intelligence operations like this. >> the agency in russia which has intelligence to russia's intelligence service reported whelan spent years recitg russians and accepted some kind of usbf drive todayployees of a classified security agencya iscredible? >> it may be credible he accepted something, but i feel bad for hi i see him in many ways almost like a hostage. the russian intelligwace law whicchanged in 2012 is such that it's so vague that you can essentially arrest anybody and hold them fointelligence, for espionage purposes, if they're working against the russian government in any way,

the if they're a foreign agent. it is certainly possible that the russians can set somebody up that's not too savvy in the ways of this kind of securty things, where he meets somebody and they offer him something or handthim sog and they arrest him illegally. there's a long history through the cold war of people accepting something and be arrested so oney could be used in this hostage situat >> as setups. yeah. the long history, also,f swaps in the cold war. so 1986, the u.s. picked up upzarkov, a u.s. journalist pied up afterwards and they were swapped. eone you wer involved with, russia arrested four for spying, the u.s. foun ten so-called illegal russians spying in the united states including anna chapman, most famously, and you were involved in that case. so could in be another swap? >> it's possible, and of the reasons they could have picked up or set up mr. ween is to

have leverage to do some kind o negotiating ordeal to get miss butina out of jail,hich suggests she was more important than we thought or she has information e russians are scared about. >> the russians claim not only was she not working for them but she's not important. >> that's right. so it's early to talk spy swap. but in this cse this guy is not a spy, so it doesn't make sense in. the past, historically there have been times when people who don't have dlomatic immunity and kept in prison a long time, when it's in bottsh governm interests to do a swap, they've done it. but in this case where someone is wongly accused, this fits more like in turkey, korea, iran, where an american is arrested and the u.s. government puts pressure on them to let them out, nogive them something in return. eryjohn sipher, thank you much. >> my pleasure.

>> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: a look inside the burgeoning global industry of muslim fashion. and writer and podcast host ashley ford gives her brief but ectacular take on love and risk. but first, socialism. but could it be good for women? for a growing number of americans today, especially younger ones, socialism apparently has a different appeal. in fact, some make the case thao it cd benefit women especially. our economicss our economcorrespondent paul solman has the story. it's part of our weeklg series "maknse" which airs every thursday. >> what would our intimate personal lives be like if we had a more secure economic position? >> reporter: that question is at the heart of university of

pennsylvania ahropologist kristen ghodsee's college course, viral "new york times" op-ed, and now book, "why women have better sex under sure, the title is inflammatory. but ghodsee insists: the free market is failing most women, in many ways. >> all of the housework, and the childcare, and the elder care, and often, the care for the ill and infirm generally falls on the shoulders of women if women are consistently having take time out of the labor force in order to do care work in the home, they're going to be seen as less valuable or less productive employees. >> reporter: so they're paid less, which has meant that so many have been, still are, financially dependent on better- compensated men. but not so, ghodsee argues, under socialist countries we typically demonize, like east germany, which promoted gender equality in s newsreels.

>> a really key part of what was going on in the statsocialist regimes of 20th century eastern europe is that they were fully incorporating women into t labor force, and that allowed women to achieve a measure of economic independence that was really rather unparalleled. >> reporter: so std es that coerlitical conformity and ora planned economy also ed policies to emancipate women. >> so, for example, ing like maternity insurance. what we would think of as job- avotected, paid maternity or kindergartens and creches that are basically available to all women, federally funded or nation so these were all policies that were put in place to reduce the economic burden on women for care work that is done in the private sphere.or >> rr: but wait a second, socialism? state control of production and

politics? didn't the berlin wall's toppling squash that dream? n anyonetalgic for the soviet union, to many americans, socialism is political devil worship. but others now think capitalism has so gone a bit far. >> the rising tide should lift all boats, but it hasn't.nl certaiy in the last 30 years, we can see all sorts of wage agnation, we see growing inequality, the contemporary moment of capitalism that we're in has created a lot of risk for young people. they're in a very precarious situation because ere's so little of a social safety net. >> reporter: which may help explain why 51% of americans 18 to 29 hold, according to galluw a positive v socialism. >> the top one-tenth of one percent now own almost as much wealth as the bottom 90%. >> reporter: the free market'snc imes have fueled the popularity of self-described

socialists like bernie sanders and new york congresswoman alexandria ocasio-cortez. >> we are here in a generational fight to guarantee health care to all people in this country. we'rfighting for a living wage. >> reporter: now these are democratic socialists who believe in electoral politics and plenty of private industry, so-called social democrats who back higher taxes ala scandinavia to provide greater economic safety and equality. at the university of pennsylvania, those beliefs resonate with professor ghodsee's students. >> i think the reasothat nowadays we're so willing to embrace socialism is because oua geon and our parents' generation are feeling the failures of capitalism. >> we are suffering so much financiallwith going into untains of debt to go to school and not being able to people are having so manstgo fund me's o afford medical care. >> reporter: youwhll know people have go fund me's to support their medical bills? >> it's a pretty common thing, i think. certain human rits should not

have to be literally begged for on the internet. >> reporter: now to some, t capitalism seetreat these kids pretty well. it was exam time, withs- relieving goats imported to campus. ivanna brios is another of ghodsee's students. >> i don't think any of us are trying to deny the ability of capitalism to accumulate wealth to produce wealth.t buafter that has happened, after we've created this wealth, we should redistribute it. >> reporter: though ourse redistribution can discourage wealth creion. but what prompted professor ghodsee's op-ed, book and course is what she sees as a particular problem with capitalism: relationships as commodities to be bought and sold ever hear of a website called seeking.com, which matches young women, so-called "sugar babies"" with successful older men, or" sugar daddies?" it boasts 10 million active user o this website, one of the pages, whirg is directly ed to university students,

isalled "sugar baby university." it has a debt clock that is increasingd n real time. e language of the website is, "don't go into deb you can be somebody's sugar baby instead." and take the time and affection that you mht otherwise spend with random hookups on campus, you can actually get paid for that time. >> reporter: time is money, proto-capitalist ben franklin pointed out in 1748. but money cuts the bonds of human relationships wrote karl marx exactly a century later, and catalism can commodify everything, says ghodsee, including sex. but no commodities at all! >> wen were very much burden with lack of bare necessities, for example. you go to supermarket, there is nothing there and if you have to queue up to put something in the

fridge, it's quite a worry. they couldn't, so to say, cultivate their femininity because there was nothing to cultivate it with. it was still a very hard lifell and it also n women's back. >> reporter: and let's not forget that tens of millions died under communist planned economies that led to famines,es pulabor camps. >> i want to dispel anyha impressioni'm trying to rty that life was a paradise behind the iron n. there were many, many problems with these 20th centisy state sociregimes. >> reporter: but, ghodsee asks, whnot at least try" socialist" policies that empower women like denmark and ieden do? >> one of the moidious legacies of the cold war, isom that we haveetely lost our ability to look into these 20th century state socialist countries and see if there was anything good. if there was anything-- >> reporter: anything? anything. >> anything at all!

y thought that a society where the profits of society are invested back into social services and where women had opportunities for economic independence outside of marriage, that relionships would be more authentic, satisfying ultimately because people are not looking at each other in a transactional way. >> reporter: but wt: this book's sales pitch, for a monetary transaction, we might note, is the claim that women have better sex under socialism. based on what? in part on surveys of east germans before and after reunification. >> women, and men too, say that they had much more natural and satisfying personal intimate lives prior to '89 than they did in reunified germany when it was nlmmercialized. >> reporter: i'musing this word because it's in the title of your book, they had better , x? >> sght. >> reporter: they had better sex before-- >> self-reported.>>

eporter: but slavenka drakulic as skeptical of what east germans would have told researchers. >> they didn't volunteer to give the answer, what they really feel, but rather the proper answer, thright answer, that is anticipation of the right answer. so, i do not trust these statiscs. >> reporter: but in the end ghodsee is making a general point. >> what i want to do is to s, hey, look. there are these interesting fads about eastern europe, that we can actually also see them operating in scannavia and so why not have a conversation about how socialist policies don't only impact our economy? but what about our psonal lives? >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, this is economics correspondent paul sol philadelphia. >> woodruff: now, a look at how faith, religion and modesty are influencing style for muslim

women. jeffrey brown reports on how modest fashion grew into a multi-billion dollar business and why it's now beingle ated in brand new ways. >> brown: it's a fashion show i a museth an unusual focus: this is an exhibition ofus contemporarym women's etshion, the first of its kind in the u.s., put tr by the de young museum in san francisco >> it's an exciting time. g's a right time to be do this. >> brown: co-curator jill d'alessandro. >> i awareness.t to raise i do think that there is a rittle bit of a notion in mainstream a or even in europeanultures that there isn't a lot of creativity, or that muslims have a restricted dress codes, and i think one of the things that we really wanted n celebrate is where you still dress within your tradition, but there's tons of creativity, and that there is a lot of personal style. >> brown: on display, some 80

ensembles by more than 50 designers, from glamorous gowns and couturfashion worn by qatari royalty, to leisure and sportswear, including nike's pro hijab line worn by u.s. olympic fencer ibtihaj muhammad. most of the clothi is from the middle east and southeast asia, with a sprinkling of american and european designers and an emphasis on youth. >> half the designerhe exhibition are women between the ages of 20 and 30, between their mid-20s and mid-30s, and so there's these women who want to create a wardrobe that fits their lifestyles, and that's really exciting. >> brown: this is what's called "modest fashion," concngned with coveuch of the body, often but not exclusively based on relious teachings and custom the term hijab, often used to r to headscarves worn by muslim women, describes the act of coverg up generally.

but it quickly becomes clear here that modesty means different things in different places and to different people. >> a lot of us are kind of like, "oh, i wish we could change the name a little bit." i like to use the word, discrete or just a little bit more mysterus. >> brown: what's wrong with 'modest'? >> modesty, i don't know. think sometimes people g this boring image of a grandmother, somebody in dowdy clothes. and you can see here that's not necessarily the case. >> brown: saba ali, american- born of pakistani descent, served as an advisor to the exhibition. a personal stylist by profession, she helped arrange the scarves and other clothing on the mannequins. she also lent her own wedding dress, a beautiful ensemble she found in her parents' homeland. the mother of four, she says she grew up amid 'modest'cl hing, but made her own

decision to start wearing a scarf only when she was in college. >> within the muslim community there are different levels of modesty that women adhere to. so it's really a woman's own choice, and i find that really ironic because when people see a covered woman, they just assume that it's so anti-feminist and somebody must have told her to do that. >> brown: that's the stereotype >> thae stereotype, and that's what we're trying to open up hearts and mind to here. you know i'm notiving in a country where maybe my headscarf is understood. so it's almost like a ty upon oome to go out and kind ofk my best without, obviously callg >> brown: there are countries and cultures where clothing restrictions are impos think of iran's 'morality police.' and controversies continue: in 2016, for example, the 'burkini', combining the words for 'burka' and 'bikini', was temporarily banned in some french towns. but millions of muslim women

around the world are making their own choices, as celebrated in this music video of mona haydar's "wrap my hijab". ♪ ♪ and the 'modest fashion' industry has exploded, already estimated at more than several hundred billion dollars worldwide and growing fast. it's seen on magazine covers, in fashion shows around the i globthe art world, and on social media, where fashion iso often useddress social and political issues. >> everybody has a differentve leof modesty. >> brown: it's also now breaking into mainstream fashion lines. >> i even see a lot of women that aren't muslim wear e em becaey're just so stylish. >> brown: lisa vogl, a fashion photographer who converted to inlam in 2011, launched the 'verona collection015, in orlando, florida.

earlier up by macy's, the first major u.s. department store to sell hijabs. >> when we launched verona, there were modest clothing available and there was clothing available for hijabis, but there wasn't necessarily hijab- friendly clothing fowomen that adhere to an american style sense. >> brown: in fact, the rise of 'modest fashion' goes beyond any particular religion, according to "washington post" f critic robin givhan. >> there's also a shift in just the way that women are thinking about and approaching fashion, particularly now in the realm of #metoo. who decides what is sexy decides what is powerful? >> brown: in the united statesth ur divisive politics, which is so often around religion, some of it very focused on islam and muslims. is it possible to have this

conversation, to see a fashion exhibition, without putting it in a political context? >> probably not, and i don't even know that you'd want to take it outside the politica contex i think you need that in order to really undetand to some degree how provocati some of the pieces are. >> brown: the exhibition "contemporary muslim fashions" for the pbs newshour, i' jeffrey brown at the de young museum in san francisco. >> woodruff: now to the latest in our brief but spectacular series where we ask ining people to share their passions. ashley ford is a brooklyn based writer and host of the podcast "profile" by buzzfeed news.

she is currently writing her memoir, "somebody's daughter." >> i've probably been writing about me longer than i want to admit. i wasn't really allowed to have diaries or journals as a kid. my mother thought it was inappropriate for kids to have secrets, but i still did secretly through writing poemsng or writories that were definitely to my life. my upbringing was very working class. f mom was a single parent four children, my father went to prison for rape when i was around three months old and he did not get out again until i was 30. e ring that time that he was in prison, he wrotelot of letters telling me that i was the best person in the wld and that i was his favorite girl and that he loved me more than he had ever lov anyone in his entire life.

i spent quite a bit of my childhoonot knowing why my dad was in prison and those letters became my self-esteem. my dad was the person saying the kindest things to me, even though he was far away and it counted for a lot. i'm just getting to know him, i'm only 31. it's been tough to talk with my dad and to be brutally honest with each other and get to know each other in this way because we both feel really close to each other and we both feel like we do know each other and the truth is we don't. one of the things that happened after my dad and i got into our first argument was that i got off the phone and my fiancé said "are you okay?" and i giggled, and he said "are you okay?"d caid i just got into a fight with my dad e it was the first time in my life that i was a girl who got into an argument with her father. i think i'm always go be grappling with the fact that my m ther committed a rape.

ways going to be grappling with that because i was sexually assaulted when i was 13 which is something that i didn't tell my dad until after he was released. there's always this question in your mind when someone does something like that if could ey do it again. i've absolutely talked to my father about these things you know, but i also have to think about the fact that my dad went to prison two weeks before he turned 21 and my dad's a 50-year old man now and my dad has therapy, and my dad has done a lot of things to figure out why he did what he did and to become a better person. i want to believe in my dad and i'm trying to believe in my dad. and i'm stepping out on hope and grappling with all the complications that come with that so that hopefully you know, i'll have more to say about what it means to be a person who forgives.

my name is ashley c. ford, and this is my brief but spectaculaa on love and risk. >> woodruff: you can findal additirief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. before we go tonight, we wanted to spend a moment or two spelling out the ripple effects of the partial governmentsh utdown: how it's affecting the american people in many fferent ways. a big one: overburdened immigratiommcourts. mostration judges and attorneys arnot showing up for scheduled hearings until full funding resumes. that will add even more delays to a huge backlog of casesad there are almore than 800,000. and for each day of the shutdown, thousands of cases will be pushed back indefinitely, and possibly even years. the federal communications commission said is suspending most operations beginning today.

most consumer complain will not be monitored and enforcement won't be happening. but widespread emergencies or cellphone outages will be addrsed. here in washington, d.c., the shutdown has meant trouble for those about to get married in the city. anyone trying to get a marriage license, can't. that's because the marriage buau is at the local court and the court gets its funding through the federal government. this couple showed up there two days before their wedding and found out the news. as they put it on instagram, we "can't call it an official wedding until the government reopens." but they "closed out 2018 with a really, really, really goodse party with te love most." washington's mayor, muriel bowser, has pledged s legislation quickly so the city can legally issue marriage licenses during a shutdown. she said in a statement: "just like the grinch can't steal christmas, the shutdown

can't stop love."we online, we ayour questions about the shutdown.ha you can findon our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and finally, an update from capitol hill where speaker pelosi and the new house democratic leers are speakg now at the end of a long first day in power there. ck to our congressional correspondent lisa desjardins. she's also at the cpitol. >> that's right, i have been listening in as, so, speaker pelosi, no surprise, no real change in her position. she is saying democrats willni t pass the bills that could reopen most of government, d -- there you can see her -- they also are saying that democrats will go into the white house tomorrowand speak to the president. we have a new tone from democrats tonight saying they're willing to talk. honestly, judy,re think w still a long way from any kind of impact or change in this situation. what i'm hearing from sources is that maybe we will know monday or tuesday if some of this

starts to break, but, for now, as i put it to one of my sources who agreed, seems like everyone at the capitol is waiting for the ice to melt d not doing much about it. there will be a meeting tomorrow as we are hearing from the he democratic leaders they will attend at the white house. >> woodruff: we'll see whether there's a change in dynamics of the esident, who are meet with nancy pelosi for the first time as speaker of the house. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow eveshng when mark ields and david brooks look ahead to this new era of divided government. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and se soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, likepanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> and wit of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioningponsored by wshour productions, llc captioned ss media acroup at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ >> hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & co." during the holiday season, we're dipping into the archive and looking back at some of this year's highlights. so here's what's coming up. >> this is america.>> e reshaped the american media and politics, .x news founder roger ail i'll speak with the director of a new documentary and an anchor who worked close with him. plus... [ harmonica plays ] ...the poet for a generation, a musical shapeshifter. up close and personal with paul simon. then, why maybe we should be a bit more skeptical aout embracing billionair the changemakers for our times.v our hari srean speaks with anand giridharadas about his new book. ♪