newshour produions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight... (gavel bangs) a new era of divided government begins as democrats take control of the u.s. house amid stagnant negotiations over the ongoing government shutdown. then, in a historic first, china's space program manages the difficult task of landing a craft on the far side of the moon. plus, making sense of the rising popularity of socialism among younger ams and what it could mean for the future of equality and our personal lives. >> the contemporary moment of capitalism that we're in has created a lot of risk for young people. they're in a very precarious situation because there's so little of a social safety net. >> woodruff: allonhat and more onight's pbs newshour.

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>> woodruff: this has been a day of political pageantry, and real change, in the u.s. congress. but the partial government shutdown goes on, at 13 days and counting. congressional correspondent lisa desjardins begins our coverage of this day's events. >> desjardins: as instructed by nstitution, at noon, there new co convened, sweeping in one of the largest turnovers 1 the capitol in recent history, with near new lawmakers, a generational shiflf captured by s. in the house, a change in power as enthusiastic democrats gaineo co >> house docrats are down with n.d.p! >> desjardins: n.d.pnancy d'alesandro pelosi, pred her vote-counting ability, winning

back her old job as speaker of in the end just 12 democrats voted for others, "pth 3 voting sent." republican leader kevin mccarthy, as per tradition, introduced pelosi. >> speaker of the house nancy pelosi, i extend to you this gavel. >> desjardins: pelosi pointed to change, starting with the new faces in the chamber.gr >> our cs will be refreshed, and our democracy ewill be strengthened by optimism, idealism and patriotism of this transformative freshman class. >> desjardins: as she ushered in a new era of divided government, pelosi tried to straddle politics, outlining an agenda for the left: tackling income disparity and climate , with a message for the middle. >> i pledge that this congress will be transparent, bipartisan and unifying. >>esjardins: as the house moved left... >> the senate will come to

order. >> desjardins: ...thte moved right, with republicans increasing their majority to 53 votes. woven of nine new senators in are republins, including former presidential candidate mitt romy. it is a divided day for democracy too, a peaceful transition of power government has failed at a basic function-- to keep itself funded. the partial government shutdown has frozen or cut pay forou hundreds of nds of workers, and leaves them no time for the ceremony of a new congress. >> i've lost a full, almost a llfull paycheck, almost a paycheck worth of income because of the shutdown already. >> desjardins: and you won't get it ck? >> and i will not get that back. no. >> desjardins: tresha taylor is a federal contractor who works for a private company with a contract at the state department. t th she and her company are out of work and won't paid. we met her yesterday at one of many washington-area restaurants

offering a free meal or drink to cheer up furloughed workers. >> this looks so good. happy new year to you, too. >> desjardins: so far he says, e's getting by okay, putting off groceries for her and her s n. shrried about rent. but mostly she's angry at congress and the white house, for seeming to ignore the real people affected by this fight. >> it's not like evryone is making beaucoup bucks in the government and we're all living large and we have these big houses and things like that. there are people that have worked for the government for yearand they still live paycheck to paycheck. t y rely on that money. yes, if the government opens they may get a paycheck next week, but it may be a month from now. it may be two months from now. it may be nger. >> happy new year to everybody. >> desjardins: aing to the unusual events, late today president trump took to the podium in the white hoe press room for the first time, surrounded by border patrol and immigration officers, but he began with a nod to the new speaker. >> i just want to start by congratulating nancy pelosi on

being elected speaker of the house. it's a very, very great achievement. and hopefully we're going to work together, we're going t get lot's of things done like >> desjardins: the president went on to say he needs barrr funding for the border. it is a bifurcated moment. the house and senate are the most diverse in history including the first muslim women and first native american women in congress. the capitol has opened toge yolawmakers and more female members than ever before. but this congress starts as doors are closed to a quarter of gornment for federal worke and the american public. and there's no indication of how long that could last. >> woodruff: and lisa joins mew. soslisa, we know the democr have they are own ideas about tell us a little bit about that, and with this change in power in shthe house, is there a t in thinking about the shutdown? >> first, the democrats, we

expect them totw paso bills tonight, one in the house only democrats would pass a bill that would reopen most of the shutdown government and fund them for the rest of the year. a separa bill wouldund the department of homeland security for one month with no wallnd g, and that would just be temporary funding. now, we expect it to pass the house, as i said, but go nowhere in the senate at this point. also, it's worth pointing out that i just received note from o nancy pelosifice that she is expected to come speak to cameras not long from now and to respond, i think, to some what president trump and others on his behalf have said todaydo about the sh. to answer your bigger question,h judy does this new congress mean for the shutdown sillation? it actmeans it's gotten worse. even more yesterday than today i felt a sense of everyone giving up control of the situation. for exmple, i heard conservative republican senator shelby, head of theap

opriations committee, he has said that it is possible this shutdown could go months and months. uten you ask democrats ab that observe the house side, they got back and said jokily, what was the longest shutdown we ever had. i said 21 da in 1995, they laughed and said looks like we'll get there. there's a nonchalance that's hard to harass th real people having their lives put on hold and so of them overturned as hey are facing upheaval. >> woodruff: as rd from the woman you were speaking with. what are the republicans saying about the shutdown right now? >> this is interesting. there is a divid i talked to republican jim jordan who was the only other republican to get votes from the speakerda . he told me that he does not expect the president to change at all. he is ling the president to keep dug in and to demand the money for the wall. he thinks this is the moment. on the other hand, we saw two

senators today, cory gardner of colorado, came out and said he would support a bill to reopen most of government, and senator susan collins of maine intimated the same. q she didn't gouite as far but got across the idea she wants to reopen as much of government as possible. so a split in that some republicans are breaking wi the president's strategy now. >> woodruff: the president i came oo the press briefing room. he had never done that. brought border agents with him. he tweeted -- i guess did an instagram post and was tweet o video. how are you reading all that? >> that's rit, extraordinary all of this. first, that instagram post was a reference to "game of thrones," idthe prest saying a wall is coming. that's a society on hbo, kind of get-toh look from the president. morph-over, let's talk about

what the president saivmentd at onatpoint, he said t there is the greatest number of people crossing illegally than we've ever seen. that does not comport with the government's own facts. we know for a fact that for decades the numbers have been going down. border patrol apprehension went down 80% since 20. about 300,000 people in 2017. so important to keepin mind the facts as the political debate liticiansbe freezing from taking any action at the moment. >> woodrf: absolutely portant to keep track of the facts. we'll come back to later to see what speaker pelosi had to say. lisa, thank you. in the day's other news, wall street went into meltdown mode again, atech stocks took their worst beating in seven years. it came as apple warned of slowing sales in china, adding to concerns about the chinese economy. the dow jones industrial average lost 660 points to close at,6 . the nasdaq fell 202 points, and0

the s&dropped 62. w trade tensioh china also contributed to the sell-off. but white house economic advisor kevin hassett said beijing's economic worries will pressure it to reach a deal. >> make no mistake the chinese economy is on a path that we haven't seen in decades. and thats something that will affect companies in china. so there is a lot of room for positive gain the chinese negotiations and i think the fact that their econy is having trouble right now shows that our policies have been affective in getting t the table. >> woodruff: hassett said china's economy is now facing "what for them might be called a recession." we'll get some insight into all of this, after the news summary. the u.s. state department is again warning amerans in china to use increased caution. an updated advisory today says chinese authorities have arbitrarily barred people from aving the country, with so- called "exit bans." all of this follows the arrest

of a chinese tech executive in canada last month.ai china then dd two canadians. in saudi arabia, prosecutors announced today they will seek the death penalty for five men accused of killing journalist and dissident jamaal khashoggi. they were among 11 suspects who had an initial court hearing. khashoggi was murdered at the saudi consulate in istanbul last october. a special tribunal in afghanistan has convicted three men of murdering jout ahmad shah. he worked for the bbc and reuters and was shot dead in khost province last ta all, 15 journalists were killed in afghanlast year, the mostn any country. police in southern india arrested hundrs of protesters today after two women entered a hindu temple, in defianct of an ancienban. demonstrators from conservative hindu groups marched, clashed wi officers and burned

effigies. the protts shut down much of kerala state. last september, india's supreme court lifted the ban on women accessing the temple. and, in a lunar first, china says it landed an unmanned space probe on the far side of the e on today. over the years, s., the former soviet union, and china have sent spacecraft to the moon's surface, but always on the near side. we'll have a full report, later in the program. also ahe on the newshour: analysis of the recent market volatility following apple's warning of decreased iphone sales. the secretary of state demands the immediate release of an american charged with espionage in russia. making sense of the rise in popularity of socialism among a new generation of americans, and much more.

il woodruff: let's unpack more about thisday on wall street, the relentless market volatility of late, and why concernsver china's economy are reverberating here in the u.s. today. for that, am joined by diane swonk, chief economist with grant thorton, an accounting and consultcy network. she joins me from wttw chicago tonight. dine, welcome back to the "n'sshour". so lalk about what happened today. the dow -- the dow was66 dow0, you had tech stocks down their most, i guess, in seven years, what is drivg this? >> well, we have several things coming together, one is the uncertainty regarding china, the second largest economy inwohe d, and, when it slows, it does have spillover effects to the rest of thrld. this is an economy that literally has tentacles into every major developed economy in the world. we're also seeing out there uncertainty regarding what is the end game with the trade war,

we saw kevintt haasaying this is having an impact on china, we'll, it's also having an impact on the u.s. sethe u.s. manufacturingtor showed weakness today and making more uncertain is we actually, because of the government shutdown, don't have the stream of economic ta we usuall do. we will get the employment report tomorrow because that part of the government is not shut down. e rest of the statistical agencies are shut down, so we didn't get constructiodata today, we didn't get new home sales, it was a block err holiday season but we won't get that data. so we're seeing the market operate sort of walking into a veil of uncertainty. when we do that, youse e a lot of volatility. you can't see the road ahead. >> fascinating the shutdown is having this kind of effect on the economy. dine, explain more about what's going on in china has thikind of an effect in the u.s. >> well, really, we do have a lot of expowere, as already saw with apple and the c.e.o.

chair today warning there could be other major companies saying fhey're making less because china' woes, this isecause a lot of our profits are abroad.is chinn economy for our stock market. so you can't have a twirade war out consequences in the u.s. we have u.s. firms that are hesitating, not dointhe investment one would expect. they are paying taxes and tariffs that are squeezing profit marilgins and u they know the rules in terms of knowl trade, they don where to place their bets going forward. so all of that is really adding to this uncey about not only the china situation, but how it coeruld revee here in our own backyard in the u.s. >> woodruff: a healthy economy but a lot of uncertnty as people look around. diane swonk, we thank you. >> thank you.

>> woodruff: now to that historic first. nearly 50 years after buzz aldrin and neil artrong first pranted an american flag on the moon, china's spacram just landed a probe on the far side of the moon. as the chinese put it, it opens "a new chapter" in its exploration. willm brangham looks at what that could mean. >> brangham:he chinese probe is called cheng-e-4. it's named after a moon goddess from chinese mythology, and it landed on the moon's far side yesterday. that's the side we n see here on earth because of the moon's unique rotation. the lander touched down in the moon's largest and oldest crater and began trsmitting the first images we've seen from that area. cheng-e-4 also deplod a rover on the surface to survey the terrain. the landing time and location had been kept secret since the probe went into orbit around the moon on december 12. one reason that astronauts have not landed on that side of theon efore is that it's nearly impossible to communicate directly with earth.ha

to solveproblem, the chinese launched a satellite last year that can relay information between the probe and chinese mission control. it's a big moment for the chinese space program and forfu re exploration. and our science correspondent miles o'brien is here to help explain. >> helloo william. whate chinese want to do on the far side of the moon? >> there is reasonably good science. there has not been alander or rover on that side of the moon and now there is both there, anh these have a lot to look at. they're in the largest crater that we knhe of in tolar system, 1500 miles across. what caused that, that's interesting. inside the crater are lots of other smaller craters to tell us a little bit about how dangerous a neighborhood we live in as it relaterto nea objects and asteroids. they will be taking stunningme pictures, f which we've seen on the internet, there's a ground-penetrating radar. they even have thing they call

a pio -- biohasphere which things like silkworms as well.ms >> so plant in the ground. tey're going to have a terrarium wheey will see what they can grow. that signals what they're up to. they would like to put an outpost on the mon, said theliyd to do it around 2030, so these are the logical steps in that direction. >> i do understand when you are on the far side of the moon -- not the dark side, i should point out -- that us ngradio telescopes is much easier. help me understand why. >> this is one of the most intriguing aspects of the far side of theoon to astronomers and scientific community in general. radio telescopes which allow us to look v very deep into the cosmos have a problem on earth, all this eectromagnetic radiation -- >> audit cell phones and racquet we make. >> what we're doing now is when

we broadcast at people at home, interferes to find the tiny signals that arat emg from quasars in the distant cosmos. on the far sid,of the mo you have none of that. none of the signals from earth are there, so it's a very pristine environment to do radio astronomy and a lot of people hope that's what happens some pay. as it ns, on this pair of bee orbiter and the lander, we'lble to do rudimentary radio astronomy on this particular mission. >> one question i know always egardsup especially with to china, which has become our number one geopolitical rival, is how much of this is a military-driven operation and each of this is science? te well, it is military afr all,eth a military program. n.a.s.a. is a civilian program but it had a lot of military components to it all along, and, in the context of the cold war, it was an instrument of soft power, to say the least so, in china,eth a little more straightforward as a military

operation, which is why you see these fits and bursts of secrecy anthen public relations prompting. they'r-- trumpeting. they're of two minds on it. they want the world to know they can do this. it is about suerpower status they hope to obtain, but it begins, of course, with military superiority, which they've worked on with great tenaciou tenaciousness. >> sketch out what the chinese' goals may be beyond the moon. >> no less than becominghe superpower if you look at the ultimate big picture. i think this is really a tortoise and the hear kind of story. the chinese didn't put human beings into spaceti un2003, so they were kind of late to the party, and they've set theirgo s in a very methodical way with deadlines, which are kind of long by our started, but they have met those deadlines, and, slowly but shiewcialtion they've

built a program to rival any manned space program in the world. there are only three. and, so, in the long run, they are looking to put footprints on the maintain an outpost there, and then continue onward. so is the u.s. the her in this race? that remains to be seet'n. >>also important for china knowing they don' knothw e congressional funding is coming. nasa road the funding foyear and the chinese don't have that problem. >> democracy cane messy. every four or years, there is a change in plans in space. george w. bush retired the space shuttle and said l go to the moon. president obama said let's to go to pars. donald trump comes in and says let's go to the moon. if you do that every electn cycle, you end up going noe. >> picking up on this tortoise and there met for, is this

new space relations? >> it seems that way. the u.s. space relations privately are cheering on thee. chin there is an expression in space, no bucks, no buck rogers, ana space race ultimately leads to funding and there is a thinking that the competition, concern, fear that china might beat the u.s. back to the moon or mars, that can lead to funding, so, ah, let's watch the race and see what happens. who knows, that particular spot on the moon or on the moon in general could be the perfect refueling station for missions that go mucrth r into the cosmos. >> milan o'brien, you very much. >> you're welcome. ♪ fly me to the moon ♪ let me play among the stars ♪ and let me see what sprg is like on jupiter and mars ♪ >> woodruff: the case of an

american arrested on espionage charges in moscow bears many of the hallmarkof cold war intrigue. and as foreign affairs correspondennick schifrin reports, there may be a motivation behind the detention that lends new meaninge term "trade war."l >> schifrin: pelan is a former marine who served two tours in iraq before he was court maialed for charges related to larceny. during one of those tours, he vacationed in moscow, the beginning of what his family calls relar trips. he lives outside detroit, and works for the automotive supply company borg warner as its director of global security. today, he's held at this detention facility in moscow. after his arrest last week on ansuspicion of spying, rus media today announced he was charged with espionage, and could facep to 20 years in prison. yesterday in brazil, secretary of state me pompeo said the u.s. was seeking more information.ea >> we've made to the russians our expectation that we will learn more about the charges. i come to understand what it is he's been accused of and if the

detention is not appropriate we will demand his immeate return. >> schifrin: shortly after, u.s. ambassador to russia jon hunstman visited whelan in prison, and a state department spokesperson said, "ambassador huntsman expressed his support for mr. whel and offered the embassy's assistance through the office of american citizen services. ambassador huntsman subsequently spoke by telephone with mr. whelan's family." >> paul's a kind and a generous person. >> schifrin: paul's twther david gave an interview to cnn, and released a statement saying ul was in moscow for a wedding and that "his innocence is undoubted. he was asked to come and help whelan visited russia often. he supported the country's most famous soccer team. and he supported president trump. whelan had a profile on russia's equivalent of facebook. on election night 2016, he wrote in misspelled russian, "onward president trump. and on inaguration day, he wrote, "god save president trump."

>> schifrin: whelan's arrest could be cnected to the u.s. government's arrest of russian citizen maria butina. last month she pleaded guilty to acting as an agent of the kremlin to influence u.s. politics. she had met with republicans w such as formconsin governor scott walker. whelan's family insists he was ntt working for the u.s. govern why did russia arrest paul whelan? how likely is it that he really is a spy as the russians claim? for that we turn to john sipher, a 28-year veteran of the c.i.a. who was based in moscow in the 1990s. he subsequently oversaw operations against russianen intell services. he's now with the consulting firm crosslead. thank you very much for being here. >> nice to be her former marine, does global security, speaks a little russian. is that the profile of someone working for u.s. intelligee? >> definitely not the profile of someone working for u.s. intelligence, especially in a place like moscow. moscow is probhe most

hostile counterintelligence environment u. the world for intelligence, and we treat the work we do there very, very carefully and we ndle things very, very carefully, so the notion we would use an american without diplomatic immunity who might get arrested and thrown in jail is incredibly unlikely, and mr. whan's background doesn't fit with the kind of person who would be involved with u.s. intelligence. >> nonofficial cover, there are cases where the c.a. turns to people perhaps with a military background or at the very leasta not dipc cover, but ever that, this is not an example ofo someone 's going to be in rust working for intelligence services? >> mr. president putin grew up with cold war kgb, he han the russian intelligence service, he's been president almost 20 years so he's seen u.s. intelligence service work and there have been arrests and defections over the years so he knows well how we work and he ows well this is not how we

work. so somebody like this just doesn't fit our profile, especially moscow. it's possible we use different cover in different places, but in a place like moscow where they're trrscking us 24 hou day and very focused on the bited states as their main enemy, it wou foolhardy for us to try to do sort of sloppy intelligence operations like this. >> t agency in russia which has intelligence to russia's intelligence service reported whelan spent yars recruiting russians and accepted some kind of usb drive today of employees of a classified security agency. is that credible? >> it may be credible he acceed something, but i fel bad for him. i see him in many ways almost like a hostage. the russian intelligence law which was changed in 2012 is such that it's so vague that you can essentially arrest anybody and hold them for intelligence, for espionage purposes, if they're working againe russian government in any way, the if they're a foreign agent.

it is certainly possible that the russians can set somebody up that's not vvy in the ways of this kind of security things, where he meets somebody and they offer him something or hand him something and they arre him illegally. there's a long history through the cold war of people accepting something and be arrested so they could be used in this hostage situation. >> as setups. yeah. the long history, also, of swaps in the cold war.86 so 1 the u.s. picked up supzarkov, a journalist picked up afterwards and they ped. swap in 2010, someone you were involved with, russia arrested ur for spying, the u.s. found ten so-called illegal russians spying in the united stas including anna chapman, most famously, and you were involved that e. so could in be another swap? >> it's possible, and one of the reasons they could have picked up or set up mr. wellens to have leverage to do some kind of

negotiating ordeal to get miss butina out of jail, which suggests she was more important than we thought or she has information the russians are scared about. >> the russians claim not only was she not working for them but she's not important.ri >> that't. so it's early to talk spy swap. but in this case this guyot is n a spy, so it doesn't make sense in. the past, historically there have been times when people who don't have diplomatic immunityis and kept in a long time, when it's in both governments' interests to do a swap, they've done it. w but in this care someone is wrongly accused, this fits l moe in turkey, korea, iran, where an american is arrested and the u.s. government puts pressure on them to let them out, not give them something in return. >> john sipher, thank you very much. >> my pleasure. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up on the newshour:e

a look inside rgeoning global industry of muslim fashion. and writer and podcat ashley ford gives her brief but spectacular take on love andri . but first, sociali but could it be good for women? for a growing number of americans todaecy, elly younger ones, socialism apparently has a different appeal. in fact, some make case that it could benefit women especily. our economics our economics co espondent paul solman has the story. it's part of our weekly series "making sense" which airs every thursday. >> what would our intimate personal lives be like if we had a more secure economic positione >> rep that question is at the heart of university of pennsylvania anthropologist

kristen ghodsee's college course, viral "new york times" b op-ed, and nk, "why women have better sex under socialism." sure, the title is inflammatory. but ghodsee insists: the free market is failing most women, in many ways. >> all of the housework, and the childcare, and the elder care, t and often, care for the ill and infirm generally falls on the shoulders of women. haif women are consistentlving bo take time out of the la force in order to do care work in the h seen as less valuable or less productive employees. >> reporr: so they're paid less, which has meant that so many have been, still are, financially dependent on better- compensated men. but not so, ghodsee argues, under socialist cotries we typically demonize, like east germany, whi promoted gender equality in its newsreels.

>> a really key part of what was going on in the state socialist regimes of 20th century eastern europe is that they were fully incorporating women into the t labor force, at allowed women to achieve a measure of economic independence that w really rather unparalleled. >> reporter: so states that coerced political conformity and a planned economy also enford policies to emancipate women. ingso, for example, some like maternity insurance. what we would think of as job- protected, paid maternity leav or kindergartens and creches that are basically available to all women, federally funded or nationally funded in some way. so these were all policies that were put in place to reduce the economic burden on women for care work that is done in the private sphere. >> reporr: but wait a second, socialism? state control of production and politics?

didn't the berlin wall's toppling squash that dream? lgic for the soviet union, to many americans, socialism is political devil worship. but others now think capitalism has also gone a bit far. >> the rising tide should lift all boats, but it hasn't. certaiy in the last 30 years, we can see all sorts of wage stagnation, we see growing inequality, the contemporary moment of capitalism that we're in has created a lot of risk for young people. they're in a very precarious situation because there's so little of a social safety net. >> reporter: which may help explain why 51% of americans 18 to 29 hold, according to gallup, a positive view socialism. >> the top one-tenth of one percent now own almost as much wealth as the bottom 90%. >> reporter: the free market's have fueled the popularity of self-described socialists like bernie sanders

and new york congresswoman alexandria ocasio-cortez. we are here in a generational eoght to guarantee health care to alle in this country. we're fighting for a living wage.r: >> reporow these are democratic socialists whoor believe in ele politics and plenty of private industry, so-called social dem who back higher taxes ala scandinavia to provide greater economic safety and equality. at the university of pennsylvania, those beliefsna re with professor ghodsee's students. >> i think the reason thatre nowadays wo willing to embrace socialism is because our genetion and our parents' generation are feeling the failures of capitalism.su >> we arering so much financially with going into mountains of debt to go to scho and not being able to people are having so many go fund me's just to afford medical care. >> reporter: you all know people who have go fund me's to support their medical bills? >> it's a pretty common thing, i think. certain human rights should not have to be literally begged for on the internet.

>> reporter: now to some, capitalism seemso treat these kids pretty well. it was exam time, with sess- relieving goats imported to campus. ivanna berrios is another of ghodsee's students. >> i don't think any of us are t tryideny the ability of capitalism to accumulate wealth to produce wealth. r that has happened, after we've created this wealth, we should redistribute it. >> reporter: though of redistribution can discourage wealth creation. but what prompted professor ghodsee's op-ed, book and course is what she sees as a particular problem with capitalism:sh relations as commodities to be bought and sold.eb ever hear of ate called seeking.com, which matches young women, so"lled "sugar babies," cessful older men, or" sugar daddies?" it boasts 10 million active users. >> on this website, one of the pages, which is directly targetedo university students, is called "sugar baby university."

it has a debt clock that is increasing in real time. and the language of the website is, "don't go into debt when you can be somebody's sugar baby instead." and take the time and affection that you might otherwise spend with random hookups ons, you can actually get paid for that time. >> reporter: time is money, proto-capitalist ben franklin pointed out in 1748. but money cuts the bonds ofti human reships wrote karl marx exactly a century later, and capitalism can commodify everything, says ghodsee, including sex. but no commodities at all! >> women were very much burdened with lack of bare necessities, for example. you go to supermarket, there is nothing there and if you have tu up to put something in the fridge, it's quite a worry.

they couldn't, so to say, cultivate their femininity because there was nothing to cultivate it with. it was still a very hard life and it also fe back.omen's >> reporter: and let's not forget that tens of millions died under communist planned economies that led to famines, purges, labor camps.to >> i wanispel any impression that i'm trying to say that life was a paradise behind the iron cuain. there were many, many problems with these 20th century state socialt regimes. >> reporter: but, ghodsee asks, why not at least try" socialist" policies that empower women like denmark and sweden do? >> one of the most insidious legacies of the cold war, is that we have completely lost our ability to look into these 20th century state socialist countries and see if there was anything good. if there was anything--th >> reporter: ag? anything. >> anything at all! so they thought that a society

where the profits of society are invested back into social services and where women had opportunities for economic independence outside of marriage, that relationships would be more authentic,sa sfying ultimately because people are not looking at each other in a transactional way. >> reporter: but wait: this book's sales pitch, for a monetary transaction, we might note, is the claim that women b haveter sex under socialism. based on what? in part on surveys of east germans before and after reunification. >> women, and men too, say that they had much more natural and satisfying personal intimate lives prior to '89 than they did in reunified germany when it was commcialized. >> reporter: i'm only using this word because it's in the title of your book, theyad better sex? >> sex, right. >> reporter: they had better sex before-- >> self-reported >> reporter: but slavenka

drakulic as skeptical of whaer eastns would have told researchers. >> they didn't volunteer to give the answer, what they really feel, but ratherhe proper answer, the right answer, that is anticipation of the right answer. so, i do not trust these statistics. >> reporter: but in the akd ghodsee isg a general point. >> what i want to do is to say, hey, look. there are these interesting facts about eastern europe, and that we can actually also see them operating in scandinavia and so why not have a conversation about how socialist policies don't only impact our economy? but what about our personal lives? >> reporter: for the pbs newshour, this is economics correspondent paul solman in philadelphia. >> woodruff: now, a look at how faith, r influencing style for muslim s men.

jeffrey brown repo how modest fashion grew into a multi-billion dollar business and why it's now being celebrated in brand new ways.it >> brown a fashion show in a museum, with an unusual focush is an exhibition of contemporary muslim women'ssh n, the first of its kind in the u.s., put together by the de young museum in san s ancisco >> i exciting time. it's a right time to be doing this. >> brown: co-curator jill d'alessandro. >> i just want it to raise awareness. i do think that there is a little bit of a notion in mainstream ameri or even in european cultures that there isn't a lot of creativity, or that muslims have a restrictedes codes, and i think one of the things that we really wanted to celebrate is where you can still dress within your tradition, but there's tons of creativity, and that there is a lot of personal style. >> brown: on display, some 80 ensembles by more than 50

designers, from glamorous gowns and couture fashion worn by qatari royalty, to leisure and sportswear, includinnike's pro hijab line worn by u.s. olympic fencer ibtihaj muhammad. most of the clothing is from the addle east and southeast asia, with a sprinkling rican and european designers and an emphasis on youth. >> half the designers in the exhibition are women between the ages of 20 and 30, between their mid-20s and mid-30s,o there's these women who want to create wardrobe that fits their lifestyles, and that's really excitg. >> brown: this is what's called "modest fashion," concerned with coveringuch of the body, often but not exclusively based on religious teachings and customs. the term hijab, often used to refer to headscarves worn by muslim women, descibes the act of covering up generally. ant it quickly becomes clear here that modesty

different things in different places and to different people. >> a lot of us are kind of like, "oh, i wish we could change up l the nametle bit." i like to use the word, discrete or just a little bit more mysterious.: >> broat's wrong with 'modest'? >> modesty, i don't know. i think sometimes people get this boring image of a grandmother, somebody in dowdy clothes. and you can see here that's not necessarily the case. >> brown: saba ali, american- born of pakistani descent, served as an advisor to the exhibition a rsonal stylist by profession, she helped arrange the scarves and other clothing l the mannequins. she alt her own wedding dress, a beautiful ensemble she found in her parents' homeland. nosathe mother of four, she she grew up amid 'modest' clothing, but made her own decisi scarf only when she was in

college. within the muslim community there are different levels of modesty that women adhere to. ha it's really a woman's own choice, and i findreally ironic because when people see a covered woman, they just assume that it's so anti-feminist and somebody must have told her to do that. >> brown: that's the stereotype. >> that's the stereotype, and that's what we're trying to open up hearts and mind to here. you know i'm not living in a country where maybe my headscarf is understood. so it's almost like a duty upon me to go out and kind of look my best without, obviously calling >> brown: there e countries and cultures where clothing orstrictions are imposed. think of iran's ality police.' and controversies continue: in 2016, for example, the 'burkini', combining the words for 'burka' and 'bikini', was temporarily banned in some french towns. but millions of muslim women around the world are making

their own choices, as celebrated " this music video of mona haydarap my hijab". and the 'modest fashion' industry has exploded, already ted at more than several hundred billion dollars worldwide and growing fast. it's seen on magane covers, in fashion shows around the globe, in the art world, and on social media, where fashion is often used to address social and litical issues. >> everybody has a different level of modesty. >> brown: it's also now brtrking into maim fashion lines. >> i even see a lot of women that aren't muslim wear them becausthey're just so stylish. on brown: lisa vogl, a fashion photographer whorted to islam in 2011, launched the 'verona collection' 2015, in orlando, florida. rsrlier this year it was picked up by macy's, the major

u.s. department store to sell hijabs. >> when we launched verona, there were modest clothing available and there was clothing available for hijabis, but there wasn't necessarily hijab- friendly clothing for women that adhere to an american style sense. >> brown: in fact, the rise of 'modest fashion' goes beyond ana icular religion, according to "washington post" fashion critic robin givhan. >> there's also a shift in just the way that women are thinking about and approaching fashion, particularly now in the realm of #metoo. who decides what is sexy, who decides what is powerf >> brown: in the united states our divisive politics, which is so often around religionsome of it very focused on islam and muslims. is it possibleo have this conversation, to see a fashion

exhibition, without putting it in a political context? >> probably not, and i don't even know that you'd want to take it outside the political context. i think you need that in order to really understand to some degree how provocative some of the pieces are. >> brown: the exhibiti "contemporary muslim fashions" for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the de young museum in san francisco. >> woodruff: now to the latest in our brief but spectacular series where we ask interesting people to share their passions. ashley ford is a brooklyn based iter and host of the podcast "profile" by buzzfeed news. she is currently writing her

memoir, "somebody's daughter." >> i've probably been writing about me longer than i want to wemit. i wasn't really alto have diaries or journals as a kid. my mother apought it was opriate for kids to have secrs, but i still did secretly through writing poems or writingtories that were definitely to my life. my upbringing was very working class. my mom was a single parent of four cldren, my father went to prison for rape when i w around three months old and he did not get out again until i was 30. during that time that he was in prison, he wrote me lot of letters telling me that i was the best person in the world and that i was his favorite girl and that he loved me more than he had ever loved anyone in his entire life. i spent quite a bit of my childhood not knowing why my dad

was in prison and those letters became my self-esteem. my dad was the person saying the kindest things to me, even though he was far away and it counted for a lot. g i'm juting to know him, i'm only 31. it's been tough to talk with my dad and to be brutally honestr with each otd get to know each other in this way because we both feel really close toth each and we both feel like we do know each other and the thuth is we don't. one of the thing happened hater my dad and i got into our first argument wasi got off the phone and my fiancé said "are you okay?" "and i giggled, and he sae you okay?" and said i just got into a fight with my dad becaire it was the time in my life that i ths a girl who got into an argument with her . i think i'm always going to be grappling with the fact that my father committed a rape. i'm ways going to be grappli

with that because i was sexually assaulted when i was 13 which is something that i didn't tell my dad until after he was released. there's always this question in your mind when someone does something like that if could they do it again. i've absolutely talked to my father about tse things you know, but i also have to think about the fact that my dad went to prison two weeks before he turned 21 and my dad's a 50-year old man now and my dad has therapy, and my dad has done a lot of things to figure out why he did what he did and to become a better person. i want to believe in my dad and i'm trying to believe in my dad. and i'm stepping out on hope anr pling with all the complications that come with y at so that hopefully you know, i'll have more to out what it means to be a person who forgives. my name is ashley c. ford, and

this is my brief but sacular wke on love and risk. druff: you can find additional brief but spectaculao episodour website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. before we go tonight, we wanted to spend a moment or two spelling out the ripple effects of the partial government shuthewn: how it's affecting t american people in many defferent ways. a big one: overbd immigration courts. most immigration judges and attorneys are not showing up for scheduled hearings until full funding resumes. that will add even more delays to a huge backlog of cases. there are alrey more than 800,000. and for each day of the shutdown, thousands of cases will be pushed back indefinitely, and possib even years. the federal communications commission said it is suspending most operations beginning today. most consumer complaints will

not be monitored and enforcement won't be happening. but widespread emergencies or cellphone outages will be addressed. re in washington, d.c., the shutdown has meant trouble for those about to get married in the city anyone trying to get a marriaget license, c that's because the marriage bureau is at the local court, and the court gets its funding through the federal government. this couple showed ue two days before their wedding and und out the news. as they put it on instagram, we "can't call it an official dding until the governme reopens." but they "closed out 2018 with e ly, really, really good party with those we love most." washington's mayor, muriel bowser, has pledged to pass itgislation quickly so the can legally issue marriage licenses during a shutdown. she said in a statement: "just like the grinch can't steal christmas, the shutdown can't stop love." online, we ansr your questions

about the shutdown. you can find tt on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and finally, an update from pitol hill where speaker pelosi and the new house democratic leaders are speaking now at the end of a long first day in power there. back to our congressional correspondent lisa desjardins. ,he's also at the capitol. >> that's rig i have been sstening in as, so, speaker pelosi, prise, no real change in her position. she is saying democrats will toght pass the bills that could reopen most of government, and -- there you can see her -- they also are saying that democrats will go into the white house tomorrow and speak to the president. we have a new tone from democrats tonight saying they're willing to talk. honestly, judy, i think we're still a long way from any kind of impact or change in this situation. what i'm hearing from sources is that maybe we will know monday or tuesday if some of this ice starts to break, b, for now,

as i put it to one of my sources o agreed, seems like everyone at the capitol is waiting for the ice to melt nodt doing much about it. there will be a meeting tomorroh as we araring from the house democratic leaders they will nd at the white house. >> woodruff: we'll see whether there's a change in dynamics of thepresident, who are meet with nancy pelosi for the first time as speaker of the house. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening when mark shields and david brooks look ahead to this new era of divided government. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a la real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made g.ssible by the corporation for public broadcast and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by wshour productions, llc captioned by media accessroup at wgbh access.wgbh.org results are only as good

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