captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc 'm woodruff: good evening, judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, as the federal government shutdown hits day 33, the president and the t speaker of house clash over a speech, and the democrats plan to propose more money for bordei se, but none for a wall. then, protests erupt in venezuela against president nicolas maduro, as the trump administrationecognizes the ader of the opposition as interim president. plus, a cell phone app in thailand predicts contagious outbreaks, meaning prevention thatnce took months can now done in a fraction of the time. >> ebola in 2014 that led to 11,000 deaths. t was an eight month delay before we knew tha was ebola. we wouldn't have that delay if that community would have been able to send some signal that something's not right.

>> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new mnguage, like spanish, french,

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possible by the corporation for nsblic broadcasting. and by contributo your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: after 33 days, pare ofovernment is still closed, thousands of federale workers ill going unpaid, and the state of the union addres casualty.fficially, a prnident trump had insisted speaking, as planned, on january 29th. buhouse speaker nancy pelo informed him today that the house will not host the speech while the shutdown continues. they spoke at either end of pennsylvania avenue. >> we have said very clearly from the start wn i wrote to him the second time to say sinc governmentutdown, let's work together on a mutually agreeable date, when we can welcome you to the capitol, to make the state of the union address.

government is still shutdown i still make the offer. >> the state of the union speech has been canceled by nancy pelosi because she doesn't wt to heard the truth. she doesn't want the american public to hear what's going on. and she's afraid of the truth and the super left democrats, the radical democrats. what's going on in that party is shocking. >> woodruff: amid the sparring er the state of the unio there were faint signs of possible movement on ending the sh several top house democrats suggested they might offer up to $5.7 billion for border security, but not for a wall. the number three house democrat, jim clyburn, said the money would pay for immigration a judges, bordnts and technology. >> i think they can be done using the figure that the president has put on the table.

if his 5.7 billion is about border surity, we see ourselves fulfilling that request, only doing it with what i like to call, using t wall. >> woodruf the president also vowed to do what he called "an alternative" event. he said he would have details later. meanwhile, several hundred furloughed federal workers protestein a senate building today. capitol police arrested 11 people who attempted a sit-in outside majority leader mitch mcconnell's office. for insight into all of this, i'm joined now by our ngressional correspondent lisa desjardins and white house correspondent yamiche alcindor. so, yamiche, i'm goi start with you. what is the president saying right now about his posion on he shutdown and what the motivation is behim to just keep pushing his position? >> well, the president doesn't wa to look we and he doesn't want to look like he's caving in

to democrats. today he called democratsan dangerousaid they're being radicalized and can't be trusted he also used what some peoplea saw as loded language when talking about speaker nancy pelosi. he said nancy pelosis dominating senator chuck schumer and that chuck schumer is a puppet of snps. now, we're seen the president kind of scrambling to decide to see hohe'll deal with nancy pelosi and strategy with her. usually when he's given people nicknames, but in this case he " saance o" whom i like to call nancy. the other thing, the president is facing pressure from his nservative base. a group of conservatives met with the president at the white house and one is the president of the heritage foundation, one is her husband is a feeral worker and says even though i want my uh husband to go back to work, i want the president not

to blink. woodruff: turning to you, and the democrats, lisa. y e democrats to be digging in. >> theem more united than last weeks not just portraying unity bt really more ted when they talk off the record. one reason is because moderates aare happy democra preparing an offer. they felt like democrats with respect needed to do that.and progressives are happy buzz they like seeing nancy pelosi stand up to the president way. i heard a lot of progressive democrats mention things like we area co-equal branch of s government aeak pelosi should lay down her line on the state of the union. some logistical questions, preparations for the state of b the union shou underway. production trucks were supposed to get to the capitol tomorrow. i am told that i not going to

happen, that there are noar prions that will be made for any kind of speech. also, the president has the right to enter the house chamber. he has floor privileges and can walk in the chamber almost anytime he lkes, however he does not have the ability t speaks from the podium or dais without the house extending the invitation. what about the senate chamber?k i have been aing senator mcconnell, the republican leader, if that is a possibility. i don't an answer yet. but nine former u.s. presidents have spoken just in the u.s. senate chamber. >> reporter: fascinating. simiche, what is the white house saying the prent will do if he can't do the speech in the traditional manner in the how wahousfeo representatives? >> president trump is weighing his option and figuring out whe he wants to give the state of the union speech. he says the capitol is baically off the table and looking at other ways theo do this.

polls show his approval ratings are taking hit because of the shutdown and he wants to give the speed limit. one poll released by the associatedress show his poll readings are 34% and a lot of people don't agree that he's shutting down the government for the ll. i ran into vice president mike pence today and said what do you think of nancy pelosi's stand and what the pdesident will o at the state of the union. all he would say is the president ha a nstitutional duty to be delivering the state of the union so we'll have to see where he's doing that speech. >> woodruff: running into the vice president is a good way to get information. w lisa, re reporting on the protest of government, federal employees it the cap today. you were there talking to them. what are they saying? >> right. this protest tt i we want to was one of the more organized and dignified i went to. thirty-three minutes of silence

for each day of te shutdown. i spoke to many federal workers from usda, fema, many agethncie. say, for now, they've used irstly savings to pay for the mortgage bills. most just pay mortgage bills using savings or borrowing money. i spoke to one worker wherede er, a fema worker, who used airline miles to travel herer just fhis protest today. he told me he had been a republican years past, he recently switched to independent, and he said, "i've never been engaged in politics before, this has charged me up, this is a problem for meon pely and my agency and the emergency function that it holds" so i." it was an interesting crowd full of people. >> woodruff: the shutdown having far impact. thank you. in the day's other news, the united states recognized

venezuela's opposition leader as interim president. it came as juan guaido declared he had replaced nicolas maduro, the nominal president. maduro quickly broke relations with the u.s. all of this, as thousands of opposition supporters marched in caracas. we'll get the details, after the news summary. in afghanistan, the main intelligence agency says an air strike has killed the talibanga commander who zed a deadly attack on monday. the taliban is disputing the claim. monday's assault killed at least eople at a complex for t national security directorate, west of kabul. pope francis arrived in panama late today, beginning a trip to central america. he is expected to address thousands of young people, attending world youth day events. the pontiff is also warning against fear of migrants, as a w caravan makes its way toward the united states. back in this country, a nurse was charged today with raping an incapacitated woman at a long-ty term care facin arizona.

phoenix police say n sutherland was identified throug the 29-year-old victim gave birth last month. >> thenvestigation was and still is our highest priority for our depament. through a combination of good old fashion police work;evombing througence, talking to people, following up on information combined with the marvels of d.n.a. tenology, we are able to identify and develop probable cause to arrest the suspect. >> woodruff: workers at the health facility ve said they had no idea that the victim was pregnant. the c.e.o. and one of the doctors have since resigned. the trump white house will face a congressional investigation into its handling of security clearances. democrats running the u.s. house oversight committee say white house officials disregarded longstanding procedures. they also want to know about clearances granted during the trump transition. the president's former personal attorney, michael cohen, has

postponed testifying before the house oversight panel next month. his legal adviser said today that cohen is busy assisting the special counsel's russia probe. he also cited what he callsng ng threats from president trump."id the prt responded, "he's only been threatened by the truth." iee mayor of south bend, indiana, pete butt joined the growing democratic esidential field today. the 37-year-old announced an exploratory committee. he's rhodes scholar and an afghan war veteran. he would also be the first opely gay presidential nomi of a major party, if he wins. thousands of los angeles teachers were back at work today after ratifying a w contract. they returned to class this morning, greeting students and school officials following a six day strike. meanwhile, teachers in denver voted st night to authorize a strike in a dispute over base

pay. they could walk out as soon as monday. and, on wall street, corporate earnings helped stocks make up some lost ground. the dow jones industrial average gained 171 points to close at 24,575. the nasdaq rose five points, and the s&p 500 added five as well. still to come on the newshour: perspectives on the border wall and the shutdown from two u.s. senators. unrest in venezuela as venezuelans erupt over the country's leadership. furloughed federal workers forced to depend on the charity of others, and much more. >> woodruff: back now to the government shutdown. r first of two views comes from republican senator mike rounds oi south dakota. oke with him a short time

ago and started by asking if he sees any glimmer of hope for a compromise. >> nothing concrete. the good news isye've actua got two proposals that will make the two sides actually recognize the differences. that's the first step. there's more work to be done, and i don't think anything comes solidly through until a couple of things happen, number one the president and the speaker recognize how critical this is,i both a little, and they start to find a wayorward. the president, making his first move, came off of dead ceter. speaker pelosi will have to do that at some point. once that occurs, then i think cooler heads will start to prevail and we can find something in the middle where both sides can save face and we can get government ba to work again. >> woodruff: you say the president has moved off dead center, but isn't he sti insisting on money for al

physical waong the boredder? >> he's talking about a barrier. we do bout, last time ill 6 checke miles of either pedestrian barrier now. he's asking f an additional 244 miles of either pedestrian of vehicle barriers. he has not specified what they have to be made of. he's indicating concrete, steel, doesn't have to be concrete, could steel, but some srt of a barrier. not unreasonable. he's not the first president. there would be four other presidents before him who have also felt that way and have don that, including president obama, but he's also recognizing within this proposal that there are other things that need to be done, and wegree. he's got to do something for the critical ports of entry. critically we neeiod addl intelligence gathering along that line and soorth. >> woodruff: i'm sure you know democrats say their point is if the p iresideable to

shutdown is government and be reward with what he wants, then their concern is that he will be able to try that again and again, that if hs rewarded and can shut down the government and be rewarded for it every time, that that's a bad precedent to set. >> i understand their point of view, but the reality is he is the president of the united states, and he's made it clear that this is something that her has wantedm day one, and he feels that it's a slight him when the speaker says "you will get nothing." so i think somewhe in the middle, there's got to be a way out of this thing, and i d't think it's simply saying we're not going to give the president anything, you know, becauswe disagree. i think it's a matter of we have divided government, i think the present has to come off what he originally asked for, and i think the speaker ha to e off of where she was at. the other side is that we continue to start adding to it and making e bigger deal and

starting to address some of the major issues in fro of us, something similar of what we did in february of last year where we actually created funding for a $25 billion proposal over tenr fully authorized and appropriated, but it also addressed the issue of the daca kids and it started to address the challenges of chain migration as wel that may be an alternative as well. >> woodruff: well, the senate will have a chance to vote on a proposal the preside likes. if that doesn't pass, we know there's a separate proposal.e mocrats are saying just give us two weeks, let's spend two weeks, get the goernment back open, during which time we can go at this and try to come up with a solution. would you be willing to support that? >> at this point, i think sides have drawn a line in the sand. each of them will say no to the other proposal. i will support the president's point of view for this one. i think my democra will support the speaker's point of view. oncehat has occurred, and teether one comes forward with another votes to move forward, then i think the leaders can

come together and say, okay, where are we going to go with this thing an w howill we get clear heads to prevail and where wio we add intis to get something done. >> woodruff: there are attempts by senators on both sides of the aisle to come together outside of the leadership. do you see any potential progress.here? >> i d nothing concrete. but the fact of the matter is that none of us come to washington to be in the middle of this mess. i think all of us came here to m try toke things better. i think most of us admire the founding fathers and ty they handled it. they were principled individualt who still res one another, and our country was based on one of the greatest arrangements ever made, big states and little states got together and these principled individuals fought in the revolutionary war came together and said, i may represent a bigr little state, but if we're going to have a annstitution here that's actually going to the test of time, we're going to have tou e other side, which they said, which we now call

compmise, and they created the house and the senate. founding fathers, as principled coas they were that cane ton a understanding that lasted this fing, at least we cand ground in the middle tot past this self-imposed impasse. >> woodruff: senator mike rounds, south dakota, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: and now for a democrat'sake we turto senator chris van hollen of maryland. senator, welcome back to the "newshour". there any sign of a breakthrough, as far as you know? >> i have not given up hope that we can get a vote in the senate tomorrow to reopen the government for two weeks, till february, which will give usa little breathing room, a little space to end this madness because a timeout really doesn't support anybody's arguments. it will allow federal governmeng employees their paychecks, they been pay their

bells. it will allow us too a little bit of the business of the federal government and then have a discussion to end ts shutdown madness. >> woodruff: but you're referring to the dmocratic proposal. is that right? >> well, it's not really a democratic proposals. i would say the democratic proposal is the one that i support. it was voted on the very first day in the session of the house of representatives. it's in the senate. it's had bipartisan support eralh would open the fed government and fully fund the agencies through the end of th y fiscar. so this is not a democratic proposal. this is a stop-gap measure, two weeks' time out. agn, i don't think it's th greatest idea, but it's certainly the best alternative we have in front of us now to ebbed the shutdown. >> woodruff: but as far as we know now republicans are not prepared to support that. they've got the majority in the senate. t telling me you're about to go to a meeting of bipartisan senators. is there some give on both sides that you think could reach some

kind of agreement tomorrow? >> well, what i hope to come out of this meetinis an understanding that the best way forward tomorrow would be to open the government for this two-week period and give the senate time to work on these issues in the regular order. so we can consider the president's proposal, but it should also be subject to open endment. let people vote however they want, let the american people know where they stand. look, lindsey graham, senator graham proposed the idea of a three-week opening of the government a little while ago. this is even a smaller window, a shorter window, two, weed that would give a little breathing room here. >> woodruff: obviously, y f have a lot oderal employees in the state of maryland. what are you hearing from your nstituents right now? >> i'm hearing two this, judy. first and foremost, people want to get back and do their jobsan

for the amereople. i mean, these are people who are civil servants, but they're also telling stories about how they're getting tot squeezed, right. i mean, their paychecks have stopped but the bills keep coming in so lots of them are having trouble paying their rent and their mortgagesok i to the head of the community college recently who said that they were having to work out payment pla beause parents who work for the federal government, parents who have students at college couldn't make the monthly ilmnstt plans. so this is really squeezing the pocketbooks and that's why you're seeingen those 100,000 ouployees who are still being asked to work t pay, they're not able to cover some of their very basic expenses, ke getting to work. it's costing them to do their work for the federal government. >> woodruff: senator, on just the basic proposal he, t president wants some money at least for a physical wall. democrats have supportedshat in the why not go along with some of that now in order to get the

government open again? >> as you said, we have proposed physical barriers in strategic areas. what we will not do is operate under a total threat of shutdown, and the reason why is because this wll become habit forming for president trump. if he thinks that every time he doesn't get his way, he can shut down the government like this, it will be a recipe for continuing government own. so i will say if you look at the proposal the president made the other day from the oval office, as you look more closely, includes all the poison pills he didn't talk about. it will actually change our asylum laws in ways that will make it much harder for unaccompanied adults who have been victims of sexual violence and were victims of sexual trafficking to seek asylum in the uned states, a lot of things like that that were in that proposal, we should not be

holding the entircountry hostage in the process, and that's why this two-week time out is a good idea. it's not the best idea by any means but it's the best option on the.able tod >> woodruff: senator chris van hollen of maryland, thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: venezuelan president nicolas maduro faces the most direct challenge to his nearly-six years in power. today, the u.s. recognized juan guaido, currently the head of venezuela's national assembly, as the country's legitimate president; more than half a dozen other countries followed suit. here's nick schifrin. >> schifrin: on a stage in downtown caracas, in front of a crowd of thousands, 35-year-old juan guaido raised his right hand and administered his own oath of office. e ( translated ): i swear to

formally assume wers of the national executive as the president in charge ofa. venezu >> schifrin: around the capital and coun y today, hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions ofll venezuelans d in support of guaido and called for a change in government. >> ( translated ): that is thy we are hersupport our national assembly, the only legitite power for the 14 million venezuelans. >> schifrin: nuns demanded freedom, and other protestors demaed president nicolas maduro step down. >> ( translated your time is up, and your cabinet's. understand this: venezuela has outgrown you. >> schifrin: venezuelans have protested before, but this time the usually fractured opposition has a consensus leader. until recently guaido was relatively unknown. but he has criss-crossed the country speaking against maduro, asking for suppo from the international community, and venezuela's powerful military. >> ( translated ): we are not

asking you to mount a coup, orot to s on the contrary, we are asking you not to shoot at us, and defend together with us, the right of our people to be heard. >> schifrin: his calls have been heard. on monday, national guardmen posted cell phone videos declaring maduro illegitimate, and calling fo >> we say to all the good people of venezuela: estamos con ustedes. >> schifrin: yesterday, u.s. vice president pence promised the u.s. would be with theto prot. and today in a statement, uapresident trump endorsedo as interim president and said, "the people of venezuela have courageously spoken against maduro and his regime and demanded freedom and the rule of law." >> this is one of e most historic days for venezuelan modern history. >> schif associate director of the center for strategic and international studies. he says guaido's announcement today, and president trump's endorsement, allows the u.s. to

redirect payments for venezuelean oil, which accounts for 90% of venezuela's g.d.p.gl >> every sasset, every single bank account, every single contract, all the management of these republic's assets will be transferred to the national assembly, and juan guaido. >> schifrin: but maduro is pushing back. today he cut off diplomatic relations with the u.s., and gave u.s. diplomats 72 hours to leave the country. >> do not trust the gringo empire. the gringos do not friends nor toare they loya anyone. they have interests, venezuelan oil, gas, gold, but to that empire, we say that oil, that gas, that gold is t yours. >> schifrin: it was just two edeks ago maduro was inaugur and swore to build what he called but he has built an economic catastrophe. venezuela used to be lata' amerwealthiest country. but caracas residents have demanded access to a supermarket, even if the shelves were empty because of a shortag. of f

medical patients have protested a shortage of medicine. and children play in the dark because of a shortage of power. it's been an economic free-fall, the product of falling o prices, and failed economic policies. bills have became so worthless, women turned them into art. inflation could hit 10 million percent. all of it sparked the region's largest ever exodus. more than 3.5 million venezuelans have fled their homes and created a humanitarian crisis that increased regional criminality. >> it represents a humanitarian and security crisis the region, that is impacting not only neighboring countries, but also the u.s. as well. >> schifrin: the u.s. has imposed sanctions on maduro and his leadership. u.s. officials say depending on maduro's response, they could impose an oil embargo that would likely collapse the state. stead, u.s. officials ho maduro heeds the protests, and the military withdraws its support. maduro will fight, but he faces a perfect storm of economic

pressure, international condemnation, a popular opponent, and the mobilization of his own people. for the pbs wshour, i'm nick schifrin. >> woodruff: as we heard earlier, many federal workers are nearing a boiling point asdr tsis shutdows on. there are many effround the country to provide some help and relief to workers -- too many to count and show here. but amna nsaaz gives us a ling of what's being done. >> nawaz: pop-up food pantries set up across the u.s. are distributi free meals to federal employeegoing without a paycheck. in a number of airports around the country, alines and executives have set upood banks to help t.s.a. workers on the job. >> they have children at hom and we offer them food vouchers attork, but my heart just w out to the families.

>> nawaz: in cnecticut, non- profit groups are feeding nearly 160 ployees at the coast gua academy in new london, who've also had to go without their paychecks. >> a lot of people have lost faith in humanity, but, you know, this right here, you know, goes to show you that, you know, we are appreciated and there are people to help. >> nawaz: there are some banks from oklahoma to colorado now helping customers who are feeling the pressure of their bills. that's included everything froms ntially covering their paychecks for now, to providing interest-free loans so people can then pay their rent or mortgages. philadelphia's mayor is one of many city leaders offeringib flexility in bill payments delaying enforcement actions including water shut offs and eviction.er backin the capital, the d.c. diaper bank is distributing one hundred diapers per baby and other products to coast guard families. and school districts across maryland d.c. and virginia are holding b fairs targeting furloughed federal workers.

hundreds are waiting in line to hand out their resumes. >> it's causing cash flow problems and meeting various obligations is difficult. i ndve a daughter in college one concern is paying tuition for her for the rest of her semester. >> nawaz: plus, a different source of relief: free beer. a group called "pay it furloughed" has set up a website to aow workers to grab a col one at capitol breweries. for all of these efforts, many workers are expected to miss a second paycheck on friday and some will soon be faced with the decision of whether or not to file for unemployment. >> woodruff: every year, class valedictorians represent the the brightest of america's high school graduates, the nation's best hopes for the future. but, as john yang reports, for

recent graduates in boston, the reity can often be very different. >> yang: judy, over the last year, the boston globe tracked down 93 of the 113 valedictorians in the city's public high school classes of 2005 to 2007. while nearly 80% of them did become the first in their irmilies to go to college, often on scholarships, tmbitions were not always fulfilled: fully one quarter of them did not finish college witx years. and today, 40% earn less than $50,00a year. malcolm gay is one of the "boston globe" reporte reported this massive project and he is in the studios of wgbh in boston. malcolm, thanks for joining us. pu called this or the p calls this an epidemic of untapped potential. what happened to the ambitions of these young men an women? >> well, i think, oftentimes, they come out of school, they

are, you know, positioned for success or seeminglyositioned for success, they oftentimes go to school with scholarships depending on their gpa and quickly realize the beeps beepsn public schools has not given them the tools t succeed in a rigorous academic environment and, so,ftentimes, that's th beginning of the obstacles that they encounter, and those obstacles increase ovemer ti >> yang: this was a multimedia project. you have interviews taped on the web site wi tth some ofhese valedictorians. we want to play one. what should the viewers knomaw abouline before they hear this tape? >> well, madeline was like a lot of the valedictorians in the boston public schools. she came over to the united states as an imigrant, in her case from the dominican republic, and ended up valedictorian of charleston high school and wento dartmouth university, one to have the great schools in the country. >> yang: so let's take a

listen to her sto and we'll talk about it on the other side. >> i didn't benefit much frm being valedictorian other than i really got a good scholarship and went to a really good school. i think my mother not beng he in the country, seeing how much my family struggled, but then i ruggled the same wa, so... i was pren gnant and livinga shelter. it was really a hard time. togot a lot of points to go college. i felt like it was just too much for me. i felt like i fsoled myf during high school thinking i was so smart and i could handle it. i was likely quick to understand a lot of things in high school,a

but college cad was very different young s. >> yang: she said she was homeless and couldn't find a job. what did her story represent among the valedictorians you talked to? >> i think madeline's story is one of the more tragic that we t fountell you the truth. that said, she was one of four valedictorians that ended up homeless, a few of them withth children i homeless shelters. madeline, you know, i think it's shocking when you think she graduated from a place like dartmouth college to wind u homeless. that to me, and i think our reporting bears out that these individuals come from family situations, social situations where they don't have a lot of the privileges that, you know, tper-middle class families may have, and, so, whey find themselves struggling with obstacles, they oftentimes have to take desperate asures, in

her case that means ending up in a homeless shelteru >> yang: yompared these boston graduates to graduates the same ar fr suburban high schools around the city. what did you find? >> we found maa drac difference in opportunity and achievement. the suburban valedictorian were roughly three times more lkely than boston valedictorian to earn $100,000 or more per year. you know, something like a quarter of boston valedictorians wanted to be doctors. today there's not a single doctor among that cohort. meanwhile, aong the suburbans, onere are eight doctors. >> yang: you men in boston there are two tiers of high schools. you've got exam schools youe got to test into them, and then the other public high schools, and there was also a difference between those schools. is that right? >> that's correct. i think the advanceschools are a real issue within the boston public schools.ou a quarter of all boston

public high schoolers go to exam schools, and while that may sound like, you know, a great thing, th exam schools test higher on standardized tests, they oftentimes go to four-year colleges compared to the rest of the district. what that also means is the rest of the district is oftentimes burdened with having to educate "adjudicated" kids, kids that are economically disadvantaged, special needs kids, so the burden on the re of the sytem is quite high because of the hool situation boston has embraced for so long. >> yang: essentiallythey skim off the cream of the students into these three exam schools. >> that's very well said. >> yang: the classes that you looked atbere oviously graduating into the teeth of the recession, is there any sense that subsequent classes are doing better, subsequentns valedict? >> well, that's right. i mean, i think that a lot of the -- you know, we started this project by looking at the faces of excellence feature we do each

year and started that in 2005. so, as it happened, these kids were really graduating into the eth of the great recession. udentsse is that the st that have come after that -- and this is purely anecdotal -- tha the students that have come after that have done somewhat better, an that's partially because scholarship programs and mentoring programs have become muchore sophisticated in how they deal with first jen students. many of these students are first geration college. they're interesting the college as the first of their family, and arat these schip and mentoring programs have found is you can't just simply ve them tuition, you have to actually offer mentoring programs and counseling programs and things like thato allow these kids to really succeed. >> yang: malcolm gay of the "boston globe" on the valedictorians project.

malcolm gay, thanks so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> woodruff: deadly viruses ntten fester inside animals in before they move ihuman populations. one project in northern thailand is using technology to try to stop outbreaks before they stect. l correspondent fred de sam lazaro reports as part of our breakthrough series, on innovation, and today'y on the leading edge of science and medicine. reporter: there are mor chickens than people in remote thai villas like huay ton chok, and peopleo worry when their chickens stop crossing the road. that's because five years ag this villagesuffered a outbreak of flu-like disease that killed hundreds of birds. so when farmer udom putipatharakal thought one of his chickens wasn't doing well

and another looked really ill, he reported it. >> ( translated ): we still have a small number of chicken deaths so we don't know what to do. >> reporter: for four years, pariwat roomak has been dispatched from the local health department, responding to calls about sick animals in the area. >> ( translated ): i take photos of the chicken. i look to see if there are abnormal feces. i also ask neighboring households if they have had any dead chickens. >> reporter: pariwat enters all of this information into an app on his smartphone and transmits it directly to the localgo rnment health office, the veterinary department and to ar majoiversity to be analyzed. it's part of a participatory one health disease detectionpr ham, more simply called p.o.d.d. and it become a model for programs like this all over the world. it's villages like this one that ientists fear could be t cradle of the next super bug. one that can jump from animals

to hums, and then mutate so it can leap from human to human. so the objecve of this exercise is to track every diseased animal, pticularly chickens, so as to contain an outbreak before it becomes a pandemic. >> h.i.v., mers, sars, zika. all of these things. ebola. >> reporter: they all began in animals, says dr. mark smolinski. he heads a san francisco-based non-profit called ending pandemics that is funding the program in thailand. he described one possible scenario of how a farm like udom's could become a petri dish >> a pig has receptors for both bird flu and receptors for human flu. so when we have a farmer who has a sick chicken who also has pigs and other animals on the farm, who may have a family member with influenza, if that pig were to get human influenza that we know spreads very quickly, if that were to cross over because

that pig was also infected with the bird flu on that same farm, then that resulting could be tha pathogent we're all worried about. >> reporter: a pathogen that would now jump back fr to human and critically, human-to- human. farmer udom says his pigs are doing fine; only chickens have fallen ill and nothing like sixz years ago whens of households reported diseased birds and many areas had to be disinfected. this village was particularly hard hit. >> ( translated ): all the chickens in the village died. now thproblem is different. not as many chickens are dying-- but still one dies eve day or nery other day. >> reporter: theew system allows for swift response when any disease afflicts any domesticated animal. jaruwan chaichom heads the local health department for is region. th ( translated ): before we adopted the system villagers didn't have a way to connect with each other or with us. the local government is quite

far away from them. language is another barrier because we have seven et groups and seven languages in this area. >> reporter: a smartphone app developed for the program translates those languages so all the responders can track where the diseases are occurring. patipat susumpow's firm designed the app to be simple. >> the penetration of smartphones was not very high. so most of our volunteers either never used a phone before or ed a very simple phone. wo reporter: next stop for the diseased bird: a tour bus firide after health worker a two hours away, to chiang mai university. here scientists determine the type of disease, the likely cause and accordingly recommend action to prevent its read, whether it's administering antibiotics to animals or disinfectant spraying. at first, there was some resistance to the new system. villagers feared for their

livelihood; worried that over- for their part, local health ease inls feared an in reporting might reflect poorly on their magement practices. but dr. smolinski says those concerns disappeared in these remote communities early in the four-year old program when a health worker reported a case of hoof and mouth disease. >> by her reporting that one single cow, they were able to rally local resources and do a vaccination campaign and that saved $4 million for that village because they would have been banned for exporting their milk f an extended period of time until all of that disease was gone. >> reporter: developer patipat says the tool is spawning new ideas to improve life in communities. it's also being for alerts about criminal activity, food safety issues and natural disasters. >> with the right tool and right we hope the app can be the place-holder for democratizing ace power of response and disease managementto the community.

>> reporter:cout not every unity or country is ready to sign up. some fear news about diseases will driving away tourists.s other countre beset by mired in the midst of conflicts or have weak governancei dr. smolinys recent epidemics have shown the cost of intion. >> ebola in 2014 led to 11,000 deaths it was an eight-month delay before we knew that it was ebola. we wouldn't have had that delay that community would ha been able to send some signal that something not right. they might not have known it was ebola, but that ki of signal where we see a cluster of fevers coming out of one rticular geographical area in a very short time frame, we know some acute event is going on. >> reporter: the silver lining from tragedies like the ebola epidemic, he says, is that it's driven home the value of surveillance and swift intervention. and smolinski says his group has been invited to lot its project in 35 countries. for the pbs newshour, i'm fred de sam lazaro in chiang mai, thailand.

>> woodruff: fred's reporting is a partnership with the under-told stories project at asthe university of st. thn minnesota. on our bookshelf tonight, a leader recognized for her success in the tech economy and philanthropy, jean case, writes out her we sat down to talk about her book "fearless" and why she wanted to share lessons from her own life. well, i'll tell you, i have been really fortunate, judy, through my wrk in different roles including my nearly 20 years in the tech ctor of traveling both around the united states and the world and seeing that people erywhere have one thing in common and that is that they have ideas about how to make a betldter wor too often, what i would observe is they have great ideas but they got caught up in this ide a it takpecial genius, graduating from the right school

or conctions. act six years ago, the case foundation where i served as c.e.o., we understood reok arch to take a look at the core qualities of people who do break rough and, judy, it was really great news because we were able to debunk the myth it takes super special qualities and instead brought forth five principals present whenever tansformational breakthroughs take place. >> woodruff: you had an opportunity to meet pretty amazing people -- oprah winfrey, elon musk, and the list goes on -- and, ye ot, from al them, virtually, you describe how theyust didn't ke up one morning and were successful. >> i'm trying to show the behind the scenes in their stories and show their path to success was lined with failure. i have a chapter in there calling fail in the footsteps of stants. but most of the ies, as you know, are stories most people

have never heard before and, really, these are ordinary ople who d extraordinary things, and that's the message of the book. the prin ples are there asa road map, but the stories are there to bring the principles to fe and show w anyone can take a big idea forward.uf >> woo and threaded throughout the book is your own story, jean case. you grew upin a small city in illinois. >> normal, illinois. >> woodruff: normal, illinois, you love the name. your mom-to-took you and your siblings to h soorida, you god a job in politics ed mad your way to washington. even you had doubts. >> definitely. my mom was working full times a waitress and raising four kids, i had a scholarship at apr ate school and today i have the american privilege of having had a litoe llow me to use my resources to emp oowhers.

in environments around myat prschool, i would watch and listen to people, and go home to my working cl neighborhood and i would see people that did the same capacity and the same kind of ideas. and from an early age, i realized it was just actually opportunity that wasn't equal in my neighborhood. >> woodruff: you were just telling me that the audience you hoped to truly reach with the book is obviously a lot of people, but you wanto reach people who live in the heart of this country. >> that is correct. >> woodruf m but who not feel connected to what's happening and what's growing and succeeding. >> that's right. i think we have gotten a little caught up in put mting tch spotlight on silicon valley and california and the coast, if you will. most of the fortune 500s, compann fact over 70% of them, were founded between the cots, and a lot of the talents we think of today as time gone by, there's amzingenovation.

when i talk about two young -founders in pittsburgh who have a comapany tht generates power to charge your mobile phone or other devisoces. he military sees that as a terrific potential bttlefield solution, the kind of innovation we're seeing across the country but particularly the nation's heartland is really exciting. >> woodruff: y're getting eour camper -- >> every summer, e few weeks. >> woodruff: -- and drive around middle america. >> right. >> woodruff: stop, say hello, get to knopeople a little bit. what are we missing here in washington and in the big media centers about what's going on? >> well, obviously, we're living in a divided time, and i do think a lot of people fl, you know, gripped by fear and discontent. one of the principles in the book is reach beyond your bubble. who we like it or not, we areng all lin our own bubbles. we don't know enough people

different from us to understand their perspectives or have a kind of a different point of view. so we like to go out into the country in small towns and different places where we know people are quite different thana or we suspect they are, and we find sort of talent and remarkable people almost in any setting. but that's not how people see, unfortunately, the world today, and we're being verpurposeful, i am, in trying to highlight these stories in the book t make it clear that great people are everywhere. >> woodruff: and are listened to and can be appreciated. >> that's right, and they have an idea, this is a play book to get them started. >> woodruff: jean case, the book is "be fearless," five a principles fife of breakthrough and purpose. thank you. >> thanks, judy. >> woodruff: finally tonight, remembering the pulitzer-prize winning writer, columnist and

humorist russell baker, who died yesterday. baker, whose career began at the "baltimore sun," first camto national attention as a correspondent and then as a columnist for the "new york times." he wrote nearly 5,000 commentaries for his "observer" column over a period oe- plus decades, from 1962 until he his columns were known for their wit, satire, and sometimes subversive takes that could land punch. once while coving congress, he wrote he was, "sitting on marble floors, waiting for somebody to come out and lie to me." baker wrote books, including two memoirs. he spoke with jim lehrer in 1989 about times" and jim asked him why he enjoyed still being a columnist >> that coom it is the pleasure of having somebody to listen to you. i think that all america is dying to havsomebody listen to them and if you are a columnist twice a week you can air whatever is on your mind for a

huge audience. i think that is another reason that people out there may be a bit sore at us. they have a lot to say too and they must read somebody like me and say why does this guy have the right to get off 800 words every other dawhen i can't even get my letter to the editor published and they hava point. t as long as you have a column and you can let off that steam ice a week you never nee psychotherapy. >> woouff: for many pbs viewers, baker was even more well known as the host of "masterpiece theatre" fo11 years. here he is in 1998 introoncing a producf thomas hardy's "ar from the madding crow >> it was deep winter when i first looked at the program you're about to see, and i hadds one of those chat make you feel so sorry for yourself that you want to break down and cry. four hours later, that's howho long theruns, i was cured. oh i still had the cold, but iwa

no longeed to die. i'd been to a wonderful place, one of those places they don't make anymore, and never will ain, i suppose. >> woodruff: russell baker died at his home in leesburg,in vi. he was 93 years old. and that's the newour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fat. >> sharing the latest viral cat! >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and data. consumer celrelar. learn mo at consumercellular.tv >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public badcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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