captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivasan: on this edition for sunday, january 27: government employees are heading back to work while the deadlock for funding wall continues. the ebola outbreak in the democratic republic of congo worsens, making it one of the deadliest in the country's history. and in our signature segment: hthe battle to protect so africa's wild coast from a proposed mine. next on pbs newshour weekend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided

by mutual of america-- designing customized individp l and grtirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs statio fthank you.s like you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening and thank you for joining us. federal workers are preparing to go back to work and the white house and congressional leaders are facing a new deadline to keep them on the job. on the sunday talk shows, president trump's ting chief of staff mick mulvaney didn't rule out the president shutting down the government again in three weeks or declaring a national emergen if congress doesn't allocate funding for a u.s.-mexico border wall. >> whave been hoping for months to do it through legislation with democrats because that's the right way for the government to function. but at the end of the day, the

present's commitment is to protect the nation, and he'll do it either with or without congress. >> sreenivasan: the president's longtime adviser roger stone, who will be arraigned tuesday on obstruction charges in the special counsel's investigation, was asked today if he coould consider erating. he said it's something "i'd have to determine after my attorneys have se discussion." twin bombings at a roman catholic cathedral in the southern plippines today killed at least 20 people and wounded 80 more. officials say ntfirst device ff inside the jolo etthedral during mass and a second bomb targed soldiers who were rushing to help victims o the first blast. the hethe organization of islamic cooperation, the world's largest body of muslim-majority countries, has strongly condemned the bombings. e church has been the targetre ofous attacks by the muslim militant group abu sayyaf which is affiliated with the islamic a ate. fearincond dam may collapse, officials in southeastern brazil orderedas evacuationhey continued to search for survivors of friday's catastrophic dam failure. rains and mudslides are threatening a breach of the second dam about half a mile

from the first. both are owned by the vale mining company. at least 40 people are dead, hundreds are still missing and the death toll is expected to continue to rise. today st. petersburg russia marked the 75th anniversary of the world war two siege of leningrad, the city's former soviet name. contemporary and soviet-era vehicles along with 2500 troops paraded through the city. russian president vladimir putin did not attend the parade, but did lay flowers at a monument to victims. the blockade of leningrad lasted nearly two and a half years until the soviet army drove out zis on january 27, 1944. historians estimate that more than one million leningrad residents died from hunger or bombardments during the siege. read about how digital advances are being used to share lessons on the holocaust. visit pbs.org/newshour. >> sreenivasan: on friday, the world health organization released a new report showing that the ela outbreak in the democratic republic of congo is growing.

stacey mearns, the ebola response program the international rescue committee joins us now via skype from the democratic republic ofo o. thanks for beint with us. so w it about this particular part of this outbreak. this has been going on since august, that is of concern to you now. >> i think the situation on the ground remains cplex and vry allenging. we're currently at 733 cases with 446 deaths. and the biggest challenge is that this outbreak is occurring at what is a very dynamic and volatile security situation. over the last month inpa icular we've seen election-related unrest and protests.n we've stacks on health facilities and the ebola response and we've se ongoing active conflict and attacks from armed rebel groups, this is directly impacted the response. over the christmas period several agencies including the

c had to temporarily suspend programming and evacuate staro. the response we had a ehree to four day compl shutdown of response activities. and we're currently now seeing the affects of that. so particular in the two weeks we're seeing an increase e case numbers. over the past weekve recorded the biggest number of cases on a daily bais and we've also seen increasing geographic spread of the outbreak. >> so this is jusbecause health workers are not able to get in there and either treat thpeople alrady infected orvax nature anyone, is that right? >> yeah, it's a two-way impact and essentially the insecurity affects movemene so in rection it affects the movement of those who have ebola, orthos who come in contact with ebola from actually heeking help and reachinlth facilities and ebola treatment units. and on the other side st also affecting response workers so that could be surveillance

teams, orvax nation teams. the incuter is affecting movement for people to get to where they need to be to rapidly do what they need to do to contain the yut break. >> is the vaccine worng? >> the vaccine is undoubtedly having a major impact here. so far just over 65,000 people have received the vaccine. if we didn't he the vaccine at play here, we would be looking at case numbers of double, trip wheel we are seeing currently. so the vaccine is certainly playing a big impact here. >> you know, you st had a new president sworn in. any move frment the government on how they plan to address this? >> i mean the governments have been very involved in the outbreaks since the beginning. they showed great leadership ano dination on the ground here. currently the govert with the un agencies, who and partners on the ground are currently revising and updating the plan and strategy forth

issponse. >> are you optc that this is going to be something that you can get your arms around? >> i think t situation here is very worrying. i don't think that we've seen the height of this outbreak yet. so i think things are likely to get worse before they get better. i think there is you know good reason to be optimistic. we have had positive signs and poses tiff containment, you know, throughout the outbreak. the original epicenter of the outbreak in mangini, the next epicenter of beni, the situation has been controlled in those areas. by what we have seen iths fur evolution of the outbreak. so while things are likely to get worse before they get better and the road toninthis outbreak is going to be a long one, i still feel optimistic that we will get there. >> dr. stacey, joining us via skype odd yos the ebola response program director, thanks so much. >> thank you.

>> sreenivasan: one of the lastc und stretches of south africa's famed "wild coast" is st the center of a battle that pits extraction-in development against a pristine environment. it is also neighbor against neighbor among a people struggling to hold on to a centuries-old way ofife. newshour weekend special correspondent martin smungals har report. >> reporter: their message is defiant,t"no" to mining ir community. >> it's going destroy our way onife completely. >> reporter: tenare high on this day in xolobeni. south africa's minister of mineral resoces is visiting, heants to hear from all si there are dozens of heavily armed poli and within minutes. stun grenades and tear gas, gaaos; another twist in a that's been going on for over a decade. a few miles away, the sour of

the controversy. stunning red dunes on one of the last untouched stretches of south africa's so called "¡wild coast." it is sparsely populated but me to an ethnic group with a rich cultural history an distinct language: the pondo ndople. they call it pondond they have lived here for centuries. e the people of pondoland, the colors here symbole blood of the people, the importance of their ancestral land. but the redness is also a marker, these hills contain exemely rich deposits of a widely used metal. titanium. it is among the top ten deposits in the wor. its potential annual revenue is estimated at $180 million. an australian mining c, mineral resources commodities, mrc, won the rights to develop the xolobeni site in 2008. resistance to the application began the previous year when thm amadiba crisisttee was

formed. there are 12 people on the executive and there 00 members from the community. thya ndovela is a member o committee, often called the a.c.c. >> oncthe mining comes all this nature you can e around here it will be destroyed, you won't see it again. even our great grandchildren they won't see it, sfor us we have to save this nature, we have to save this land. >> reporter: save it, from being turned into this. a titanium dredge mine on south africa's coast furth north has had a dramatic impact on the land. it's been operational for decades, leaving no doubt amongh many thae same will happen here. the proposed mine site at xolobeni covers 14 miles of coastline and goes over a mile inland in places. an estimated 70 families, just over 600 people uld have to be relocated.

xamandla mtwa can see those red dunes from his house. >> ( translat ): if i move from here i lose my life. it will change completely. >> reporter: titanium isn't the answer they say, tourism is. the pristineoastline, a perfect environment to develop e thrivitourism industry with long term potential. >> mining is just a short term as they told us the lifean is 22 years and after 22 years the d land is being destroyed s irreversible. >> reporter: in the face of community resistance its own environmental questions, the south african government withdrew the original apoval of 2008. three years ago the australian company re-applied and enlisted the support of the traditional pondo chief here, lunga baleni and created xolco, a community based company to give mrc a local footprint. c but the crismittee says the chief cannot consent to

mining on behalf of the people, instead he must relay the will of the people and in this case they argue, the people weren'tly proponsulted. they took the issue to court in april demanding that the people must have the right "no." in november, a south africa high court judge ruled in their favor stating mining rights cannot be granted without the full and form consent of the communit johan lorenzen is a lawyer representing the crisise. commit >> whereas the chief would traditionally have a consultative role and facilitate the gathering of consensus by the directly affected people, he's instead become a director in the mining company and has signed an affidavit indiffting that hise will receive four percent of revenue once the mining starts. >> reporte chief baleni did not respond to repeated attempts to be interviewed. traditional chiefs were given extra powers under apartheid.

but nothing changed when apartheid ended nearly 25 years ago, when nelson mandela's african natial congress swept to power, power it still holds. today there is frustration with the a.n.c. nonhle mbuthuma says her grandfather was part of the pondoland rebellion in the 1960's, a famous uprisin against apartheid. in the worst clash 11 people were killed, 58 were injured. apartheid ended in the early '90's and mbaathuma celebrated the first all race election in 1994, but is disillusioned now.t >> before '9as better because we know our enemy, now our own people that we hope they are going to do the right thing for us as a people they pum us away froe land. >> reporter: gwede mantashe, south africa's mineral resources minister, is an important advocate for the mine. he disagrees with the recent

court decision and has filed an application to appeal it. in coming weeks the judge iso expectedle if the appeal will be accepted. he believes where there are deposits there must be mining. in the case of xolobeni he says, esit would improve the liv of le in one of the poorest areas in the region, as would development of the tourist dustry. >> to deprive such a community right to develment is actually injustice, iterms of that community it is not mining vs tourism. it is tourism and mining together. >> reporter: the anti-mining lobby disputes that scenario. any mining, they say, along this beautiful coastline would make i ossible to develop tourism. ngt there are some pondo people in favor of mi this is a community built on traditions that have thrived for generations because it is fiercely united. but over the last ten years that

unity has eroded, today the community is more divided thanmi ever oveng. not just more divided, but morel t leaving many fearful. several people have died in recent years under what the community believes are suspicious circumstances. bonekile, who asked use her last name, says she's against the mine and also afraid of her pro-mining neighbors. >> the people who support the mine so many times, or many times, they come to fight us, thll us using their guns, r poison. >> reporter: xolo boiesa alleges that her son was poisoned, murdered because hopposed the mine. his name was jabulani and the community believes many others died for the same reason but there have never been any convictions or arrests to corrobore the allegations. sikhosipi radebe was shot to deatby armed men two years ago. he was the leader of the amadiba crisis committ.

nonhle mbuthuma says she spoke to him just before his murder, he told her about a hit list, and she was on it. to this day she restricts her movements and oftehas a bodyguard. >> i don't have muscles to fight but when it comes to tell the truth i do have all that qualification to tell the world whatppening. that is why i was number one on the hit list. >> reporter: organizations involved with the mining companies could not be reached for comment, but in the past they have vigorously denied anyt involvement wi killings. newshour weekend asked mrc australia for an interview about e violence. the company refused an interview on camera. but peter torre, a company direct, did respond via email saying: "in relation to the allegation of violence, the company has no comment to make on this other than to say it does not condone violence in any form." the mining issue has becomso divisive that it has split h familiesere.

mavo ndovela says he can't go to family funerals or any ceremonies. >> ( translated ): i hate the division in the community. roeven my own brother is p mining. i can't do anything with my brother or his family. >> reporter: those that favorwi mining argue i bring desperately needed jobs. siyabonga says he has been unemployed for over a year >> it would be good from my side you know. >> reporter: would you want to work in the mine? >> yeah, because i used to be a mineworker before. >> reporter: following the death of radebe two years ago, the government declared a moratorium on all matters relat mining issue, effectively freezing the application process. but the mineral resources nister says the moratorium cannot continue indefinitely. >> we have accepted that rightop for to say no. but we say those who have a right to say no must accept the right of others to say yes. >> reporter: yes to the promise

of prosperity and development; or no to mining, to protect a way of life that has existed for centuries. >> sreenivasan: overhe generations there has always been some type of school drill. during the cold war there were duck and cover drills, in different parts of the country today there are tornado and earthquake drills but a more common occurrence today is a school lockdown, driven by gun violence and mass shootings.re ntly spoke with "washington post" reporter john woodrow cox, co-author of a ground-breaking analysis examining how many children are impaded by these lockdowns an what some of the consequences are. so we looked at the 2017/2018 school year, just that, and we

found that more than four million kids had gone through lockdowns in that year alone. and we suspect actually that th number, the tomber is actually quite a bit higher. at are the ripple affectshis here. on the one hand school districts are going to say listen, we want to be prepared for the worse case scenario. we want to have theildren prepared to be able to take action on a moment's notice. and you only get that by drilling enough. but what are the kind of unintended consequences thatre you finding well, you know, i think they are enormous, honestly. and you know, we know that kids who have gone through these lockdowns have wept, they have soiled themselves. they have texted their parents dod-bye because they thought they were going ie in their schools. we have seen kids who have inactually written wills s this is who i want to get my play station and my bicycle. oo certainly schools are in a really difficulttion. because they can't not take something seriously. they have ttake every threat, every potential threat seriously. but the damage to kids can be very real.

>> sreenivasan: what are the consequences from say a child psychologist' perspective, what are the longer-term impacts. >> so what we know in talking to the psychologist andho psgist is that you know, the vast majority of kids are going to b but the kids who maybe have had trauma already, they're highly susceptible to lting anxiety, lasting fears. some kids are going to have isleeplessness, they are to have a harder time paying attention in will scoo. they are going to have a harder time going back in the classroom e maybe they hid in the corner in the dark and thought that i a gunman was there to kill them. so the rip bple cane significant just like it can be in any other sort of traumatic event. >> sreenivasan: four million kids, how frequent a year, how frequent are these?ip >> so on al day last school year there were at least 16 lockdowns. and more than half of those were related to guns or t the thr guns. they're quitcommon swrz so

this is happen-- . >> sreenivasan: so this is happening in school districts coast to coast. >> absolutely. there is no one who is immune. we see huge spikes after this like parkland. you know, the two weeks after parkland we sa you know a doubling and tripling of lockdowns allth acros country. and then we even see locally after the las vegas masacre, the school there saw huge spikes in lockdowns as weoull. sonow, it is because st on people's minds. when they see these violentth events it becomes very real to them. and so when they get a threat, they take it seriously. and it's especially frighterning in thosens itances. >> sreenivasan: is there anything that these school districts are learning that they can do better abo this? >> yeah, the schools that are really being thoughtful are putting in layers, basically, that just because there is a threat or a shooting done the street or a bank robbery, they are not going into full blown lockdown which is we sort of

conventionally think of as lockl the doors, turn the lights off, hide in the corner. they are doing steps that areso of that. so something that they call ukybe a lockout or a shell ter in place where ins in the classroom can continue but nobody is allowed to come in or out of the school. >> sreenivasan: how did you figure out that there were this many that wer happening? >> so, it took months of research. we reviewed 20,000, over 20,000 news stories in total. and we reached out to about the hundred largest cities, y.stricts within those cities in the coun we got data back from 31. and at's how we put together that figure. but what we know is that lots and lots of school distcts don't track. this and we know a lot of them never get reported in the news. so even though we kw it's over four million, that number could be double, potentially jz john woodrow cox, "the washington

post," thank youment. >> thank you >> this is pbs newshour weekend, sund. >> sreenivasan: cording to the centers for disease control and prevention, the number of children who are not reiving the measles vaccine by the age of two is increasing. dr. anthony fauci, director of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases joined me on facebook live. here's some of our conversation. on the one hand measles is one of the most contagious inftions in history. and on the other hand, we have a vaccine that is one of het effective vaccines of any in history. just seems such a shame that you have a disease that if left unchecked can ram pantly spread. and yet you have a tool, a safe tool, a proven, safe tool that can stop it in its tracks. and with the measles, when you talk about its its

contagiousness, that if you go into a room with someone who has got measles and is in the room, in a crowd, 90% of the people who are uniunized, unprotected will get measles. if someone with measles goes into a room and starts sneezing and coughing and then leaves the room, for two hours followingpe thatle who go into that room because of the fact that the op lets artill around will get infected. so regarding infectiousness, this is a terrible disease from the standpoint o how easy it is to get infected. and yet on the other hand, howea it is to protect yourself. that is the data that we got to get. that is the evidence that we've got to get to people of why it is so important to vaccinatese yo with a safe vaccine which is the measles vaccine. >> sreenivasan: for my full conversation with dr. fauci, go to facebook.com/newshour.

>> sreenivasan: finally tonight, today is international holocaust remembrance day, and the 74th anniversary of the liberation of the zi death camp in poland known as auschwitz. several dozen survivors of the entration camp joined religious and political leaders for a ceremony at what is now a memorial site. speakers at events around the drld focused on the importance of remembering tths of the more than six million holocaust victst of whom were jews. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivasan. anks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.or

>> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional supportovas been ed by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by pb contributions to you station from viewers like you. thank you. was funded in part by...

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