captioning sponsored by newsur productions, llc >> nawaz: good evening, i'm amna nawaz. judy woodruff is awa on the newshour tonight, the government is back open for business. the challenges federal ancies now face as another shutdown looms just three weeks away. then, a potential breakthrough in this country's longest war. the u.s. and the taliban have reached a tentative deal for aag peace frameworement for afghanistan. and, the backlog of migrant asylum cases is in the hundreds of thousands. caught in the middle, people like jose, a young nicaraguan in limbo, waiting to find out if he can remain in the u.s. >> ( translated ): i fear for my life, for the happiness i have here. nicaragua is the last country i would step foot on, i would rather go to another planet. >> nawaz: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 ars. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches areal-life conversations ew language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the purporation for ic broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. l >> nawaz: fedeencies are back in business, but it's unclear if the shutdown is gone for od. the doubts were underscored today, by president trump and

his aides. the government has been open for just three days, and the white inuse is preparing for the next spending deadlinid- february. hu the president doesn't want to go through anotherown that's not the goal, the goal is border security and protecng of the american people. >> nawaz: meanwhile, huneds of thousands of furloughed federal employees were back at work todafor the first time since before christmas. >> i'm just very thankful to be back at work. i've been through three of these 2011, 2013 and then this one. >> nawaz: those workers are expected to receive backpay by the end of this week. the 35-day shutdown ended friday night when president trump signed a deal to reopen the government but only temporarily. a bipartisan group of lawmakers is now tasked with crafting a border security funding agreement that will get mr. trump's signature, by february 15th. the president has insisted on funding for a physical barrier. and, in an interview with the

"wall street journal," he said he'd give the lawmakers less c than a "50-5nce of successfully writing that legislation. if those talks fail, president trump said friday he is willing to shutdown the government again.st acting chief of mick mulvaney echoed that warning sunday: >> is the president really prepared to shut the gent down again in three weeks? yeah, he actually is. keep in mind he is willing to do whatever it takes to secure the border. >> nawaz: democrats say the short-term speing bill gives both parties time to negotiate and prevent another funding stalemate in threeeeks. senate minority leader chuck schumer told reporters at a sunday press conference he doesn't foresee a february shutdown. >> i think another shutdown is very unlikely. i think president trump touched a very hot stove threatening and using shutdown to try to get his way. and americans didn't like it. i don't think he'll try it again. >> nawaz: the next phase of

talks comes as the economic impact of the longest-ever shutdown becomes clearer. congreional budget office director keith hall today called it a "permanent loss" of three billion dolalrs. >> once the government is back in place, federal workers begin to work again we think there will be a fairly quick recovery then. there is a permanent loss however, you lose the government tput for five weeks, that's never made up. >> nawaz: the bipartisan border security talks are set to begin on wednesday., this eveni learned house speaker pelosi spoke to tesident trump, followed by a formal letter to s state of the union address next tuesday, february 5. we turn now to our o congressional correspondent lisa desjardins and white house orrrespondent yamiche alc to you both. lisa, it's worth reminding people last state of the union was delayed because of the border wall fight that ended in

they want to avoid that again. how will they do tha>>t? hey will have a conference committee, 17 members of congress, the house seate, republican and democrat. ve interestingto see where the very critical members live. the home states, a map shows they're disproportionately actually from the east coast, with a few of them scattered throug the west. nowent through and broke down where they are from more specifically. let's look at the faces of who's on this committee. you see them, senators anduse members. ff those, 17 members, a total five of them live in southern border states. so those five members are all house members as well, no senators that live in southern border states. now, one represents an act border area, that is a congressman from texas, whose district borders with mexico. of this, 9 democrats, 8 republicans, advantage democrats there. on the there are three hispanics. i know it's a lot of numbers.

i crunched the average on the distance tans from these membs' areas to the bords is about 800 miles. so these are not members who live, most of them, at the southern border, however, most americans don't as well. we'll see the conference committee meet wednesday for the first time, i expect it to be for juiv show, will opening remarks, and then i believe negotiations wilgo behind closed doors. negotiation -- >> nawaz: on the negotiation, do we know the president will play a role in the talks? >> the president is looking toward getting his border wall funding. we had sta firhite house press briefing since september 18 and, at the briefing, white house press secretary sarah sandershe saysresident hasn't given up on wanting the border wall fundinis she says thiis way to have giving congress and legislators a chance to work on that. but it's not clear whether or not the president will be hands on. after the briefing, i had a conversation with the white

house officia, and that perp said the white house is trying to figure out the roe president should play in this. ft's important the president should sign n whatever deal the committee comes up with because attend of the day will either sign the bill or declare a national emergency if it comes to that. and they want to avoid anotherdo shutwn. what did the last shutdown co us? >> the congressional budget office concluded today two things, that this shutdown actually has a temporary economic loss to the country of eight dollars billion. they say they wl be made up as salaries are given back, workers get their pay back hopefully this week a yamiche has been reporting, but a permanent loss of three dollars billion that will not be made up, and the president was asking for six dollars billion for his wall and the country has lost 3 billion in the shutdown.ct

the efis lopsided. whaces like wasngton, d.c. and even north dakotch have higher percentages of federal workers felt the loss more than other areas. >> the president ran on a strong economy, constantly hailed ho strong the economy is. how are they responding to this hit to the economy because of the shutdown? >> well, the white house's official stance is that the congressional budget office is wrong send the white hs keeping on the idea a shutdown could actually happen. larry kudlow, a top economic officer at the wthte house, says budget office is guesstimating and they're not sure whether or not they can put out the numbers. he said there's no permanent damage to the u.s. ecothnomy and the economy will snap back and this shutdown was in fact just small, tem temporary thing that happened. the president is again leaving the door open that there could be anouther tdown in three weeks. the white house press secretary sarah sanders today said he

doesn't want a pass to citizenship for immigrants and wants the full $5.7 billion. the president has been dangling this idea ofational emergency. a lot of republicans are signaling they don't want him to do that. we'll see where this goes. >> woodruff: the president said we could be back in a shutdown if astory guy. could we? >> if you last at past shutdowns dlmost always end in a short-term bill ot another shutdown. the party who leverages and tries to get something on the shutdown never gets it and usually doesn't want another one. ruwe'll see if president is an exception to the rule but we'll see if history is most likely. >> nawaz: good to talk to you both. in the day's other news, t acting u.s. attorney general, matthew whitaker, said the special counsel's russia investigation is clo to concluding. whitaker said he has been fully briefed, and that he hopes to get the fil report as soon as possible.

special counsel robert mueller is investigating russiann meddlinge 2016 election -- and whether the trump campaign colluded with moscow. chinese tech giant huawei was indicted on u.s. charges ofea ng trade secrets from t- mobile and violating sanctions on iran. the justice department unveiled criminal cases in new york and washington state. they name huawei, two affiliates and a top executive. wrb.i. director christophe said it reinforces fears that the company is doing beijing'sin bi >> as americans, we should all be concerned about they otential for mpany beholden to a foreign governonnt, especially that doesn't share our values, to burrow into the american telecommucations market. >> nawaz: the indictment comes as china and the.s. are engaged in talks to end a tariff war. a court in china has senteed a prominent human rights lawyer to four and a half years in prison, on a charge of subversion. wang quanzhang had defended a banned religious group and victims of land seizures by the chinese government.

he was detained more than the years ago, in president xi jinping's sweeping crackdown on lawyers and human rights activists. a brutal winter storm brought blizzard-like conditions to much of the u.s. midwest today, with dangerous, sub-zero cold still to come. up to 15 inches of snow fell from wisconsin to indiana, overnight and today.of cials warned that wind chills could reach 50 to 60 below in some parts of the region by wednesday. chicago mayor rahm emmanuel urged people to check on neighbors. >> while the snow may be endingh cold is just starting.wi so thi be the highest level throughout the whole week dealing with the weander incrementsaking sure that ece people of chicago, that their safety andity are our number one priority, in every neighborhood throughout the city of chicago. >> nawaz: as the storm keeps moving, atlanta is bracing for an incof snow and ice tomorrow, five years after a similar storm paralyzed the

city. it comes as thousands of super bowl fans begin to arrive fore. sunday's g in venezuela, the power struggle has intensified, with opsition leader juan guaido calling for more protests, to win the military's support. guiado declared himself interim eresident last week. the u.s. and oations recognized him. so far, nicolas maduro has refused to give up the presidency, but the u.s. stepped up the pressure today with sanctions on the state-owned oil company. in brazil today, the death toll from a dam collapse rose to at least 60 people. nearly 300 others are still missing after the barrier gave way and buried parts of a town in iron ore waste. crews spent the day painstakingly searching through the thick mud, with the help of more than a hundred israeli soldiers equipped with special rescue technology. the sludge is as deep as 24 et in some areas.tr >> ( slated ): we are here starting to work with troopsfr om israel which i'm very thankful for and i see that with

their technology, we will be able to incrilse the probabies of finding survivors and also have morefi agiliting victims. >> nawaz: an investigation is underway to determine whatla caused the ce. back in this country, federal prosecutors rested tase today against the accused drug kingpin joaquiguzman, known as l chapo." the defense will call two witnses on its behalf tomorrow, and closing arguments are expected to begin wednesday. guzman said he will not testify. back in this country, sending mail is now a little p. postal rates officially went up sunday. the cost of a first class stamp rose from 50 to 55 cents. the 10% hike is the largest since 1991. the postal service says the increase provides much-needed revenue. it lost $3.9 billion in the lasy fiscr. and, on wall street, stocks slipped on worries that the economic slowdown in china is hurting u.s. companies. the dow jones industrial average lost 209 points to close at

24,528. the nasdaq fell 79 points, and the s&p 500 slipped nearly 21. still to come on the newshour: as the government reopens, the worko prevent the next shutdown begins. a possible deal to begin the process of ending the war in afghanistan. the governor of washington state clares a state of emergency after a measles outbreak, and much more. >> nawaz: the government is open again, but lawmake are up against a three-week deadline to come up with a border security plan. iferesident trump doesn't l the deal, he has not ruled out another shutdown or declaring a national emergency. a bipartisan group of 17 legislators will meet for the first time on wednday. congressman democrat pete aguilar of california is on that committee and joins now.

>> congressman aguilar, thanks for making the time. the president expressed epticism you and your pleadings will come up with something he will sign. what makes d ure we won't eup in another shutdown? >> thanks for having me. it's important to note democrats will advocate for simple,de reasonable bsecurity measures. that's what we've done in the past. a broader use of t those are the types of things we feel we can get support for, bur it is unnate, after the trump shutdown that you mentioned, that the president wants to derail some of the discussions already and already put the word shutdown back on the ble. it's unfortunate, but we're going to work in order to get this done in a bipartisan way. ga nawaz: the president said again and ain he wants funding for a border wall.

sarah sanders said earli today again he wants to see funding including a border wall. are you prepared to fund at least in part a border wall? we have been very clear on this, you know, we want evidence-based solutions. in someas arethere are fiscal barriers that exist. if there needs to be replacement, those are things that we can look at, but we are not in the business of funding his sea to-shining seawall he said during the campaign, he also said mexico ld pay for it. we want reasonable solutions to the issues. there are plenty of areas lacking invesent, watt that the we can get to use of technology to thpoints of entry to detect crossings, those are the types of things we can do when we work together. the senate has already done me of this work. we look forward to picking up in that. >> nawaz: congressman, earlier

sarah sanders said eryone greecagrees there's problem that needs to be fix opened the border. what is the problem you think needs tone fixed to boredder? >> we agree there's a humanitarian problem. that i will agree with theho whe e on. we need to make sure that we make the proper investments, soi inals have health screenings and aretaen care of osen they come into custody of d.h.s. are things we can invest in and look to solve. but the president has wreaked havoc with the asylum process, and that's what's creating a lot of these issues. so that's a key concern of os, and we need to make sure that we are investing properly noartd help fix the system. >> nawaz: i hear you saying there's a humanitarian crisis but the prsident also insists there is a national security crisis. he's talked about coming across the border. do you think that's a problem that needs to be addressed in the toan you pla work on? >> i think we need to have this plan in border security but 'ti

wouluggest there's a crisis on the border. there's not a single replican or democrat who believes we need further investments in barer structures in the wall, who represents the southern border. so those are concerns thawe continue to have because the president wants to fulfill this campaign promise buothe ple on the ground who know the issues know that a physical barrier is the most expensive and least efficient way in order der.rotect our bor >> nawaz: you and colleagues have talked about a smart wall, use of broader technology for deck teaks and deterrents in some cases. could it be possible that in this potential plan you are actually spending more than e .7 billion the president initially asked for, for his wall? >> i think it's possiane. weto make robust investments where resources are needed. we know there is equipment we can purchase that willel detect drugs at our ports of entr we know there is broader infrastructure investment we can make in between the ports of entry. we know there ae marine and

coast guard resources that helpr withg interdiction that with work. these are serious investments that congressmembers and senators should look at and that's what we plan to do when we get to conference. >> nawaz: i want to go back to the point you made about evidence-based efforts but not fund a sea to shining seawall as the president asked for. he's made it clear he wants to see funding for that. if that isn't part of the plan moving forward, aren't you justi sending us bato a shutdown or asking for the president to declare national emergency tnd he wall? >> well, the president caused the last shutdown. he owned it and talked about that lanth, but what i would tell the white house is article 1 dictates our roles ani responsibi here under this dome and we plan to do that. we plan to work in nan est and open way, in a bipartisan, bicamera way in order to make cure that we fund the priorities that the entirntry has and,

in order to do that, broader use of technology and the smart wall would make serntion but what the president is proposing doeotsn't make af sense at this point. >> nawaz: congressman, you're going to baulk into into the meeting wednesday for the first time with your colleagues and advocate for your porities and what needs to be addressed. what will you be oughighting for? >> humanitarian aid.vi those inals who are not receiving the care that it deserve, in many cases it's because there is low staing in those facilities. i think that that is a fair concern. we need to have the proper staffing, and to provide the medical care th's needed for individuals who come anto custody. so i think tht those are fair concerns. so talking about humanitarian aid is sometcng that yoan count on house democrats. >> congressman pete aguilar of california. thank you very much for your time. >> thank you.

>> nawaz: the war in afghanistan has dragged on for 17 years. previous attempts to end thefi ting through diplomacy have failed. but, over the past week high- level officials from the united states and the taliban have been meeting in doha. as john yang reports, they have made significant progress in hammering out an agreement toar the process of ending the war. >> yang: the possible breakthrough comes amid escalating taliban attacks. the chief u. negotiator, special envoy zalmay khalilzad, tell"the new york times" thatli the nts have agreed in principle to a draft framework of a deal: the taliban agreed it -uld prevent groups like qaeda from using afghan territory to plan attacks. in return, the u.s.-led military coalition would withdraw from afghanistan. in november, khalilzad spoke to the newshour's nick schifrin: >> we want a peace that is worthy of e sacrifices that have been made for the past 17

years, meaning especially that afghistan does not become a platform for international terrorists against the united stes. >> yang: the u.s. envoy also says the taliban must agree to a ceasefire, and to deal directly with the afghan government, something it has refused to do. on sunday, khalilzad briefed ghafghan president ashraf i on the talks. today, ghani said a final agreement must protect the rights of afghans. >> ( translated ): our commitment is to provide peace and to prevent any possible disaster, but there are values that are not disputable, such as national unity, nationalig soverey, territorial integrity and a strong central government. >> yang: in washington, acting defense secretary patricksh ahan hailed the tentative framework. >> it' >> yang: he also said he has not been asked to prepare a plan to withdraw the 14,000 u.s. troopsa inhanistan. president trump has oftenex

essed frustration with the long-running afghan war, and the on-again, off-again talks to end it. >> why are we there, and we're 6,000 miles away? >> yang: taliban att have lately intensified, in a bid to gain leverage in the talks. the violence has delayed this year's afghan presidenti election from april to july. ghani is running for a second fiveear term. to discu the realities surrounding the agreement, we are joined by laurel miller, who was president obama's special representative for afghanistan d pakistan. she's now the international crisis group's asia group director. and barnett rubin, director ofn/ the afghaniskistan program at the center on international cooperation. he too served in the oba administration's state department and was one of the originators their plan to start talks with the taliban. welcome to you both. laurel, let me souart with y. help us understand the significance of this draft framework agreement. is this the beginning of the end

of the u.s. involvement in afghanisben? >> it coulthe beginning of the end of the american war in afghanistan. whether it's the beginning of the end of the war inth afghanistan k remains to be seen and depends on the details that are to follow. but, nofetheless, the results the talks of recent days are significanin severalspects. first of all, it's the clearest sign yet of the u.s. intent towi draw forces from afghanistan. secondly, this is the first time that t u.s. has been willing to be seen openly and publicly as negotiating face-to-face with the taliban and putting the question of american troop presence front and center. it's also, i think, significant in that, swing the possibility of achieving some progress, of actually having negotiating htocess, may have broug ambassador time from a very impatient washington. but there's a lot that remains to be seen on where this all

leads to sauce stained peace process. >> yang: barnett, i want to talk about the nexstep. we've talked about what has been agreed to but what hasn't been agreed to is the next step, the cease fire, the taliban dealing directly with the afghan government. how difficult are those next steps? >> well, first, just to clarify, none of those things will be lly agreed until they are all fully agreed. that is, even when the u.s. and taliban reach an agreement in principle onhe framework for the u.s. withdrawal and counterterrorism measures, its implementation will stille conditional on the cease fire and an agreement on a political resolution. now the taliban have refused to n governmentafg thus far, but have said they will talk to other afghans that without recognizing the government as such, once there's a plan in place forit whdrawal of u.s. troops.

similarly, i think they've agreed in principal on the cease fire. the question is about the timing, as they say, they are claiming they're fighting against the u.s. occupation. they're agreeing to a cease fire until they seeen movon that. so there was conferencing about sequencing and coordination. then political setup in afghanistan could be challenging, not involving just the taliban and afghan government but a broad section of afghanistan population includinwomen, all the various ethnic groups and it's yet to bn dete how that will be structured. >> yang: and there's a political settlement in afghanistan, so someone not at the table in the talks has been the afghan government. their voice is yet to be heard. how complicated will that be, ce they is that right lk, and what do they want? >> the first complication which earney alluded to is what's th

format for this process and how is it sequenced with eher stps in the process, and tropical storm still a lot to sort out on but when it comes to the actual substance of whaa deal, is one of the challenges in identifying where this is reatolly going go is that none of the sides in the conflict have really articulated what their vision is ofa future afghanistan, a vision that could win the support of broad range of afghans. there are vague indications on the taliban side of what they're losling for, anamic form of government, a new constitution, perhaps, but they have not articulated a fully-pledged vision of -- fully-fledged vision of the political future of afghanistan and, similarly, on the afghan government side, they havfar, maintained adherence to at they have now and wanting to keep what they

have now. they haicen't aated a set of compromises that they might offer. >> yang: barnett rubin, also to get here, it seems like the united states has been the ones that made the concessions, moving toward the taliban, agreeing to talk face to face rly willing to talk clea about troop withdrawal. have the taliban made any movement toward the united states, toward the afghan government? >> well, certainly if, as reported, they have agreeto ghnd of monitoring regime to guarantee that istan will not be used as a terrorist base, that certainly is the main demand that the united states has had from the beginning. and the next stage, weyn th start to talk to the afghan government and other parts of the afghan political spectrum, we will see to what extent they will move. but there are -- public positions have moved. c

't always trust them. they say they don't want a monopoly of power. they have never said that they want teo stablish the islamic emirates.on the posion women and education changed from what they were doing when they wee in power, but as i said, we can't take all those things at face value. we'll have to see what happens when hi sit down with other afghans. >> yang: not only is t afghan non-profit not at the table, pakistan is not at the table. what role will they play in an eventual settlement or trying to reach an eventual settlement? in pakistani influence, i you could say, was indirectly at the table and even reports of pakistani officials being present in doha. i mean, look,paction, pakistan o one of the actors in the overall picture that has not articulateu its vision of ure

afghanistan. i think we can be clear on the basics of what they w they want an afghanistan that is not hospitable to indian influences and is relatively hospitable to witsn influence, presumably having the talib be main streamed into politics and having them be a political operative of afghanistan. whether there is more remains to be seen. but, so farin these recent talks, in particular, seem to be trying to play a positive role, cesseast encouraging the pro to move forward. >> barnett rubin, with all the uncertainty and complications ahead, are you optimistic or pessimistic about this? >> well,ty short answer to tha is no, because attitudes don't really help. i try o do analysis. i have been through the ups and downs for 35 yeaburs. this is, i would think, the -- i would say, the most

significant peace process that we've managed to see get started. there are many other pumps in the road ahead, in particular the number of afghanistan depending on aid, and it won't need much if th intelligence community isn't going to fund fund it. so we need naan intonal framework and we've barely begun to talk about that. but this isotentially a good beginning. >> yang: barnett rubin and m laurller, thank you very much to the both of you. >> thank you. >> nawaz: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: an asylum seeker in texas faces an uncertain future. amy walter and tamara keith on the post-shutdowpolitics in washington. and journalistindi leive gives her brief but spectacular take

on women's power. a measles outbreak ithe northwest part of the country is leading to new concerns about a lack of vainations in some communities, and just who may have been exposed to the infectious disease. public health officials in washington, across the columbia river from portland, oregon, say there are 35 confirmed cases in clark county. 25 of them are in kids who are 10 years old or younger. at least 31 of those cases are among those not immunized. two other cases are confirmed in oregon and washington. the area's considered a hot spot, so to speak, when it comes to lack of vaccinations. hari sreenivasan spoke about that very issue yesterday for newshour weekend with dr. anthony fauci, the head of the national institute of allergy tand infectious diseases nih. and he asked dr. fauci if he was surprised at all that so many of the infected were not immunized. i'm surprised and disheartened that there are so p maople still who are not

vaccinated against measles. the idea that the overwhelming majority of the people who got measles who were tevacciis not surprising at all. that is exactly what you would expect because the measles vaccine is one of e most effective vaccines of all vaccines that we have, if you get the two doses that arecr presibed that you should get thugh childhood, one at 11 months and one at four to six years, it's 97% protective. >> clark county is on the southern border of the state with the state of oregon and seeping outhere are kerns in the portland area as well. but up and down the state that, in that state, there seem to be clusters, similar to other states. how do you change that? because there are lots of states that actually give families the option to not vaccinate their children. >> well, i think that that you have to be much more strict about the flexibility that you give to so-called philosophical objection to getting vaccinated

because that gets abused, and when you get below a certain level of the perce of people in the community that are vaccinated, that's a disasterin wato happen. you have to have at least 92 and as much as 95 or more percent of everyone in the community vaccinated in order to get that n.brellaf what we call herd immunity protectio once you get down below art n level, it's just waiting to have the nds of outbreaks that you're seeing now in washington state and that we've seen and are seeing even in new york city and in w york state, where among certain populations such as the orthodox jews who have a lower level of vaccination, that same sort of nger and vulnerability. so we've got to get past that and get d ople educao realize that this is a serious disease, and when you stop vaccinating or give excuses for not vaccinating, these are the kind of things that are going to happen, and the thing that people need to appreciate is that the idea tht measles is a

trivial disease is completely incorrect. ilable,vaccines were ava measles was one of the most terrifying diseases that you could have. globally, there are millions of deaths each year and in united states before we had the vaccine that was widely distributed in the '60s, there were a couple of million cases for the 500 deaths a year, and 1,000 cases of encephalitis,h wh an inflammation of the brain. we don't want to go back there, even if it's in induaiv communities, that's a terrible place to be. >> sreenivasan: put measles in place. what happens wiethmes and why is it so contagious. >> the typical case of me the child gets a fever, runny knows, conunctivitis or inflammation of t eyes, cough and a couple of days later get a rash, starts off in the

face and in the body. most of the time, it recovers. it's very uncomfortable for the child, but if ylook at the the at that 60s, one in ten that t measles get er infections that could lead to deafness, one in 20 get pneumonia, o in 5 get encephalitis and one in three or so per thousand of people who get measles actually die from it. so anybody saying it's not a potentially serious disease is just incorrect, period. >> put this number in perspective. there are already about 31 cases we're talking about just in the state of washington. this is -- in the larger trendhi line, isgetting better or worse? >> it's getting worse. unfortunately, t anti-vacs movement in certain segments of the population,ertainly not generalized, is just growing and it's getting worse, and it's based fundamentally on misinformation. you don't want to denigrate people who make those kind of

decisions and essentially attack them, that dsn't work. you've got to understand, they have these beliefs, and the way you try and get em to understand the importance of getting vaccinated is talabo the facts, talk about the evidence. don't attack tm, and sometimes people tend to pooh-pooh them and attack them. you have to undstand they have these beliefs, fe but if you present them with the facts, you may be able to win back aop substantial tion of them. some of them you will never win back to the issue of beeing able toize the importance of vaccination, but i think you can try, and i know you can try tgeo the facts to them and some of them will change their min t. one e things that's interesting that people don't seem to appreciate, that it's ng, interesting bilateral t where on the one hand, measles is one of the most contagious infections in history and, on the other hand, you have a

vaccine that's one of the most effective vaccines ofany in history, and it just seems such a shame that you have a disease that, lefunchecked, can rampantly spread, and, yet, you have a tool, a safe tool, a proven sae tool that can stop it in its tracks. that's the evidence that we'vet get the people -- get to people of why it's so important to vaccinate yourself with a >> nawaz: that was dr. anthony fauci of n.i.h. we'll watch to seethow much wors outbreak gets in the coming days. >> nawaz: the immigration case backlog has been steadily growing, and the recent government shutdown only made the problem worse. from houston public media, tomeka wtherspoon has the story of one man caught in tfu middle, his re, unknown. >> reporter: since fleeing his

home in 2017, josé has had a lot of time to think. >): i remember with tears in my eyes i left, i can't anymore. >> reporter: he fled violence in his birth country, nicaragua then two months later, crossed over the u.s. border and requested asylum. >> ( translat ): i trusted in god that the opportunity would come and here i am, thanks to god i'm here, but now this country is closing its doors on me. >> reporter: although he passed a credible fear interview and was allowed to enter the country, josé has been unable tc get a social sity card or driver's license. until his case is heard in immigration court, his life in limbo, according to his attorney ruby powers. i think he really wants to make change, which is why he was

he's been putting his life on hold waiting for his hearing. >> reporter: josé is just one of more than 800,000 immigration cases in a backlog that's grownt expolly. after more than a ye of setbacks, josé had a hearing scheduled in immigration court on january 8 in houston, texas. but that morning, his attorney notified him thad his hearing en cancelled. that same evening, president trump addressed the nation. >> my fellow americans, tonight i'm speaking to you because there is a growing humanitarian and security cris at our southern border. >> reporter: after a month into the partial government shutdown, the trump administration and congress are sti to do about border security. people wanting to immigrate to the u.s. are caught in the middle. since the shutdown began, tens of thousands ourimmigration hearings have been canceled. >> i don't think there's any question that we have a very

dire crisis in terms of our immigration system. >> reporter: geoffrey hoffman i rector of the immigration clinic at the university of houston. >> we have a humanitarian crisis with people who are frustrated in terms of tryi to get their asylum cases heard. your client may not be able to hear or get his case heard until 2021 or 2022. j>> reporter: for his pare has no idea when or if his hearing will take place. he worries that due to the shutdown, his case will go to back to the line. his biggest fear is being sentni back tragua. >> ( translated ): i fear for my life, for the happiness i have nere and not feel that hap for me, the last country i would step foot on, i would rather go to anoer planet. >> reporter: for now, jose sits and waits. even when the government re-t'

opens, is unclear how immigration courts are going to address his case, and hundreds of thousands of other immigration cases. for the pbs newshour, i'm tomeka weatherspoon in houston, texas. >> nawaz: president trump faces the political cost of reopening the government, as democrats look ahead to 2020 and brace for a potential independent challenger. breaking it down is our politics monday pair. that's amy walter of the "cook political report" and tamara keith of npr. amy, we're coming off a bruising n.ght after this shutd now a lot of that blowback came ngck to president trump, and the polls aren't looo good for him right now. what do we know based on what people reacted to? >> what we know is the president's approval rating now

around 40% is not great but not the worst tht -- the shape he's been in. in 2017 he spent a good amount of time the high 30s, low 40s. what is the bigger problem for the president d republicans at large is they not only lost the battle over getting funding for the wat they lost the war, the war on who's going to bett on border security, who do americans trust on the issue of border security. going into the 2018 election, obviously, we talked a lot on this show about the caravan, what impact immigration and the deba was going to have on the 2018 election. at that time, the abc new abc "e washington post" poll showed people trusted republicans r. now democrats had a two-point lead on border security, a fox news poll has

president trump underwater by ten points on rder security. it's bigger and broader than the shutdown, but if you're losing on ground that the psident and republicans have held as their most comfortable turf and where they're the strongest, this should be the biggest danger signal for them coming out of this whole last 30 days. >> nawaz: look aheo the next three weeks, tam, the president has another chance to double down on this, to g something he's been fighting for. if they can't come through with some fund agent the end of three weeks, what does that mean? >> well, it'and it's clear whether they won't get any -- you know, like, it comes down to what is thell, anyway, what is border security. this conferee committee is meeting -- now the conference mete committee won't go out beyond what leadership wants, but it's entirely possible they come up with a $5.7 billion or more package that includes a whole lot of border sec

not a lowe whole lot of wall. maybe, youmnow, sofence repairs, replacing fence, strategic fence, or steel slat, whatever you want to call it, as the president would say, but with a lot of other things like immigration judges and some of these other matters so it may not be the wall. they could come up with somethin we don't know whether the president are sign it, and we also don't know whether the president will be able to sell it to his base because he has spent much of the last 35 days saying only a wall will work, i know everything about technology, drones won't work, you have to have a wal il. may be hard to accept the compromise and maintain the support. then again, i have been talking to people who support the president, who ar give them the benefit of the doubt and, you know, even though it seemed to be a total capitulation to nancy pelosi' position, they said, no, it's okay, he's got three more weeks

to get the wall. >> you mentioned his base, worth tweeting out over the weekend, criticizing, arguably, one of his favorite networks. he's hiomtingfox news reporters saying i never thought i would say this but i thin john roberts and julia turner at fox news have less understanding of the wall negotiations than folks at cnn and fake news nbc. se?he losing his ba is that what the frustration is? >> john roberts isn't his bas jont roberts is in fox news ojournalism division andt opinion division. so he may be reporting the reality and the president may not like that. but there is an issue of some ctions of talk radio are not happy with the way this turned out and some vfactions are giing him the benefit of the doubt. i think how this threeweeks turns out could really affect d ither -- you know, he s could shoot somebody in the

middle of fifth avenu doesn't hold. >> nawaz: we'll see if it holds. heas to work on the messaging going into 2020. on the other side of the aisle, democrats are putting finishes on their 2020. these are folks who formed exploratory committees to do so. a verse field ofndidates, still evolving but moving more to the progressive side of the party. is that where the democrats are going to be living,oving into 2020? >> well, listen, there are plty of republicans, and argument is democrats, there are so many of them and they are all ryowding into this one lane and they're going too outliberal each other, they will move so far to t left they won't be able to produce a candidate that will win ama rity of the votes or win in some of the battleground statesu it is early and we haven't heard from joe biden, who would like to put himself as -- his mark as the centrist candate

as well as a number of others who would be in the category. >> nawaz: howard schultz, former starbucks c.e.o. indicated he might be interested in runng as well potentially as an independent capt. . what would that do to the race? >> well, it could potentially drive a wedge into the president's rock-hard opposition, potentially, or not. it could be that he gained no traction at all. it's not really cleexaractly what he's running on other than someloncern about fisca policy and deaf set type issues and, you know, those are issues that a t of people care absome but it's not typically their top priority i mean, not a lot of people are reading ther commissioort at bedtime. >> maybe i would. you don't know that. (lghter) >> but there is a belief the center is left out,e that th

parties are polarized, that there is a yearning for a centrist capt. . we don't know if we'll see any of that yearning. p one thinge do know s thatir party candidates historically have a hard time, nobody's won the electoral college. the people reacting most stronl strongly to this, democrats, because they remember not so long ago in 2016 to not -- two not very well own non-billionaire candidates took enough of the third-party candidates of jil jill to help . >> the dccc have released what they believe their next targets will be in 2020, can they carry a momentum? >> this is the time of the season where everyone can have all tmbition in the world, they have a lot of seats to protect in tight secrets they just won.

>> that is true. they're going into a lot of red states they believe they have a suburban advantage and they're targeting suburban are in not necessarily frieawly states. >>: great to talk to you both. >> thank you. >> nawaz: the women's marches last weekend reflect the continued push for equal pay and treatment. in tonight's bef but spectacular, we hear from journalist and women's advocate cindi leive. she was "glamour" magazine's editor in chief for 16 years and resigned in 2017, after participating in the wen's march in washington, d.c. >> we don't really embrace female rage, which is why best- selling books for women about work are usually called things like "lean in" and not "screw you, kevin for taking cred for my work after you interrupted me 12 times in that meeting," which is a book i would buy.

there's a very well-known phenomenon that most women have experienced and social scientists have studied whereby men enjoy interrupting women, often without realizing they're doing it. even female supreme court justices are interrupted three times as often as thle peers. i mean that's r.b.g. women apologize more than men. hillary clinton, by the way is the only presidential candidate ever to use the phrasei'm sorry" in her concession speech. women also tend to pepper theiru work ccation with the word" just" as in, "i'm just checking on your assignment," every timer a woman speakstly and clearly, "i'm wondering where your assignment is, " she gives permission around her for her women to do the same this hesitancy to acknowledge that setimes anger is legitimate is the reason that in school, children are typically taught that rosa parks was a seamstress who was tired at the end of a long day, a not a

very self-aware activist who was rightly enraged at her country's inhuman policies. if we tell women "don't be enraged about, the fact that you've been denied a promotion"" don't be enraged at the rates of sexual assault in this country, we're never going to get anywhere. we have to say yes, we're angr"" and now, we're going to fix it. before the women's march in 2017, there was intense pressure on the group that was organizing it to pick one issue." so is it equal pay? is it reproductive rights? is it more women running for office?" and the genius thing about that march was that it refused to make it just one issue. think about eql pay. you can't possibly discuss that while only looking at the salaries of people in corner offices, you also have to look at minimum wage because most nimum wage workers in this country are women. you can talk about women's bodily safety without alsol looking at racequities in this country since women of color are much more likely to be ctims of abuse. men have to stand up for one another.

go to a prest that is for a cause, you don't necessarily consider quote, unquote your own. at's what's going to make this powerful. my mom was a biochem she was one of just a handful of women in her graduating class from harrd getting a phd in bacteriology, then she was one of just a ndful of women to run a lab at n.i.h. at a time when other women werer marching for tights and demanding equal pay, her fm of feminism was quieter but it was incredibly powerful. and what i learned from her is that women are as fully equipped for excellence in the things they pursue as men. and people whoon't understand that should just get out of the way and let them do it. i'm cindi leive, and this is my brief but spectacular take on female power. >> nawaz: you can find additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. on the newshour online right

now, the vast majority of american businesses haven't boosted hiring or investment as e republican tax overhaul, according to a b tional survey released today. learn more on our te, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour forto ght. i'm anma nawaz. join us online and again here tomorrow evening.l for al us at the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. o more informatibabbel.com. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation.

supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this progibm was made po by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

to to "amanpour & co." here'shas coming up. reliving 544 days in an iranian prison. the american journalist jason zion with his new book at his harrowing experience. plus, is president trump trying to break up the european union? rocky relations between united states and germany -- [ no audio ] s on black women in today' society. ♪un >>orld is a proud sponsor of "amanpour & co."