captning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> nawaz: good evening, i'm amna nawaz. judy woodruff is away. on the newshour tonight, the government is back open for business. the challenges federal agencs now face as another shutdown looms just three weeks away. then, a potential breakthrough in this country's longest war. the u.s. and the taliban have reached a tentative deal for a peace framework agreement for afghanistan. and, the backlog of migrant asylum cases is in the hundreds of thousands. caught in the middle, people like jose, a young nicaraguan in limbo, waiting to find out if he can remain in the u.s. >> ( translated ): i fear for my life, for the happiness i have here. nicaragua is the last country i would step foot on, i would rather go to another planet. >> nawaz: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour.

>> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 yearbn , the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches ife conversations in a n language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing eas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corpication for puroadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> nawaz: federal ag are back in business, but it's unclear if the shutdown is gone for good. the doubts were underscored today, by presidenaitrump and his.

the government h been open for just three days, and the white house is preparing for the next spending deadline in m february. >> the president doesn't want to ngo through another shutd that's not the goal, the goal is border security and protecting of the american people. >> nawaz: meanwhile, hundredof thousands of furloughed federal employees were back at work today fothe first time since before christmas. >> i'm just very thankful to be back at work. i've been through three of these 2011, 2013 and then this one. >> nawaz: those workers are expected to receive backpay by the end of ts week. the 35-day shutdown ended friday night when president trump signed a deal to reopen the government but only temporarily. a bipartisan group of lawmakers is now tasked with crafting a border security funding agreement that will get mr. trump's signature, by february the president has insisted on funding for a physical barrier.n in an interview with the

"wall street journal," he said he'd give the lawmakers less than a "50-50" chance of successfully writing that legislation. if those talks fail, president trump said friday he is willing to shutdown the government again. acting chief of staf mulvaney echoed that warning sunday: >> is the president really prepared to shut the government down ain in three weeks? >> yeah, he actually is. keep in mind he is willing to do whatever it takes to secure the border. >> nawaz: democrats say the short-term spending bill gives both parties time to negiate and prevent another funding stalemate in three weeks. senate minority leader chuck schumer told reporters at a sunday press conference he don't foresee a february shutdown. >> i think another shutdown is very unlikely. i think president trump touched a very hot stove threatening and hing shutdown to try to g way. and americans didn't like it. i don't think he'll try it again. >> nawaz: the next phase of talks comes as the economic

impact of the longest-ever shutdown becomes clearer. congressional budget office director keith hall today callee it aanent loss" of three billion dolalrs. >> once the government is back in place, federal workers begin to work again we think there will be a fairly quick recovery then.th e is a permanent loss however, you lose the government ouor five weeks, that's never made up. >> nawaz: the bipartisan border security talks are set to begind on wed. this evening, we learned house s speaker peloke to president trump, followed by a taformal letter to set the of the union address next tuesday, february 5. turn now to our own congressional correspondent lisa desjardins and white house corresndent yamiche alcindor to you both. lisa, it's worth reminding people last state of the union was delayed because hofe border wall fight that ended in the shdown.

ey want to avoid that again. how will they do thay t? >> tll have a conference committee, 17 members of congress, the house senate, republican and democrat. very interesting to see where the very critivcal members lie. the home states, a map shows they're disproportionately actually from the east coast, with a few eof thm scattered through the west. now, i went through and broke down where they arer fom more specifically. let's look at the faces of who's on this committee. you see them, senators and house members. of those, 17 members, a total of five of them live in southern border stasotes. those five members are all house members as well, no senators that live in souer border states. now, one represents an actual border area, that is a congressman from texas, whose district borders with mexico. of this, 9 democrats, 8 republicans, advantage democrats there. on the conerence committee, there are three hispanics. i know it's a lot of numbers. i crunched the average on the

distance tans from these members'isreas to the bord about 800 miles. so these are not members who live, most of them, at the southern border, however, most americans don't as w we'll see the conference committee meet wednesday for the first time, i expect it to be for just show, will give opening remarks, and then i blieve negotiations will go behind closed doors. >> on the negotiation -- >> nawaz: on the negotiation, do we know thedepre will play a role in the talks? >> the president is looking detoward getting his bwall funding. we had a first white house press briefing since september 18 and, at the briefing, white house press secretary sarah sanders says the president hasn't given up on wanting the border wall funding. she says this is his way to hav giving congrd legislators a chance to work on that. but it's not clear whether or not the president will beands on. after the briefing, i had a conversation with the white house officials, and that perp

said the white house is trying to figure out the role the president should s.ay in thi it's important the president should sign off on whatever deal the committ comes up wit because attend of the day he will either sign the bill or declare a national emergency if it comes to that. and they want to avoid another shutdo what did the last shutdown cost us?es >> the cononal budget office concluded today o things, that this shutdown actually has a temporary economic loss to the country of eight dollars billion. they say they will b made up as salaries are given back, workers gey their ck hopefully this week asamiche has been reporting, but a permanent loss of three dollars billion that will note made up, and the president was asking for six dollars billion for his wall and the country has lost 3 billion in the shutdown. the effect is lopsided.

places like washington, d.c. and even north dakota which have higher percentages of fed workers felt the loss more than other areas. >> the president ran on a strong economy, constantly hailed how strong the economy is. how are they responding to this hit to the economy because of the shutdown? >> well, the white house's official stance is that the congressional budget office is wrong and the white house is keeping on the idea a shutdown could actually happen. larry kudlow, ao top ecnomic officer at the white house, says the budget office is otesstimating and they're sure whether or not they can put out the numbers. he said there's no permanent damage to the u.s. economy and tdat the economy will snap back and this shun was in fact just a small, tem temporary thig that happened. the president is again leaving coe door open that therld be another shutdown in three week the white house press secretary sarah sanders today said he miesn't want a pass to

citizenship for ants and wants the full $5.7 billion. thepresident has been dangling this idea of a national t emergency. a republicans are signaling they don't want him to do that. we'll see where this goes. >> woodruff: the president said we could be back in a shutdown if history is a guy. could we? >> if you last at past shutdowns almost always end in a short-term bill and not another shutdown. the party who leverages and tries to get something on the shutdown never gets it andwa usually doesn' another one. we'll see if president trump is an exception to the rule but we'll see if history is most likely. az: good to talk to you both. in the day's other news, the acting u.s. attorney general, matthew whitaker, said the special counsel's russia investigation is close to concluding. whitaker said briefed, and that he hopes to get the final report as soon as rtssible. special counsel roueller

is investigating russian meddling in the 2016 election -- and whether the trump campaign colluded with moscow.ch ese tech giant huawei was indicted on u.s. charges of stealing trade secrets from t- mobile and violating sanctionsn. on i w e justice department unveiled criminal cases in rk and washington state. e.ey name huawei, two affiliates and a top execut f.b.i. director christopher wray said it reinforces fears that ngthe company is doing bei bidding. >> as amicans, we should all be concerned about the potential for any company beholden to a foreign government, especially one that doesn't share our values, to burrow into the american telecommunications mark. >> nawaz: the indictment comes as china and the u.s. are engaged in talks to end a tariff war. a court in china has sentenced prominman rights lawyer to four and a half years in prison, on a charge of subversion. wang quanzhang had defended a banned religious group and victims of land seizures by the chinese government. he was detained more than three

years ago, in president xi jinping's sweeping crackdown on lawyers and human rights activists. a brutal winter storm brought blizzard-like conditions to much of the u.s. midwest today, with dangerous, sub-zero cold still to come. up to 15 inches of snow fell from wisconsin to indiana, overnight and today.al officiwarned that wind chills could reach 50 to 60 below in some parts of there on by wednesday. chicago mayor rahm emmanuel urged people to check on neighbors.le >> whe snow may be ending, the cold is just starting. b so this withe highest level throughout the whole week dealing with the weatherak increments andg sure that the people of chicago, that their safety and secare our number one priority, in every neighborhood throughout thcity of chicago. >> nawaz: as the storm keea moving, atla bracing for an inch of snow and ice tomorrow, five years after a similar storm paralyd the city.

it comes as thousands of super bowl fans begin to arrive for sunday's game. in venezuela, the power struggle has intensified, with opposion leader juan guaido calling for more protests, to win the military's support. guiado declared himself interim atesident last week. the u.s. and otherns recognized him. so far, nicolas maduro has refused to give up the presidency, but the u.s. stepped up the pressure today with sanctions on the staed oil company. in brazil today, the death toll from a dam collapse rose to at least 60 people. nearly 300 others are still missing after the barrier gave way and buried parts of a town in iron ore waste. crews spent the day painstakingly searching through the thick mud, with the help of more than a hundred israeli soldiers equipped with special rescue technology. the sludge is as deep as 24 feet in some areas.at >> ( transl ): we are here starting to work with troops i frsrael which i'm veryan thul for and i see that withth r technology, we will be

able to increase the probabilities of finding survivors and also have moreg agility findctims. >> nawaz: an investigation is underway to determine what caused the collaps back in this country, federal eosecutors rested their c today against the accused drug kingpin joaquin guzman, known as "el chapo." the defee will call two witnesses on its behalf tomorrow, and closing arguments are expected to begin wednesday. guzman said he will not testify. back in this country, sending ma is now a little pricier postal rates officially went up sunday. the cost of a first class stamp rose from 50 to 55 cents. the 10% hike is the largest since 1991. the postal service says the increase provides much-needed revenue. it lost $3.9 billion in the last fiscal year. and, on wall street, stocks slipped on wries that the economic slowdown in china is hurting u.s. companies. the dow jones industrial average lost 209 points to close at

24,528. the nasdaq fell 79 points, and the s&p 500 slipped nearly 21. still to come on the newshour: as the government reopens, the worko prevent the next shutdown begins. a possible deal to begin the process of ending the war in afghanistan.e vernor of washington state declares a state of emergency after a measles outbreak, and much more. >> nawaz: the government is open again, but lawmakers are up against a three-week deadline to come up with a bor.r security pl if president trump doesn't like the de, he has not ruled out another shutdown or declaring a national emergency. a bipartisan gup of 17 legislators will meet for the first time on wednesday. congressman democrat pete aguilar of california is on that committee and joins me now

>> congressman aguilar, thanks for making the time. the president expressed skepticism you and yours pleadiill come up with something he will sign. what makes sure uwe won't end p in another shutdown? >> thanks for having me. it's important to note democrats cull advocate for simple, reasonable border ty measures. that's what we've done in the past. a broader use of technology, those are the types of things we feel we can gpot sup for, but it is unfortunate, after the trump shutdown that you ntioned, that the president wants to derail some of the discussions already and already put the word shutdown back on the table. it's unfortunate, but we're going to work in order to get this done in a bipartisan way. >> nawaz: the president said again and agahe wants funding for a border wall. sarah sanders said earlier today

again he wants tosee funding including a border wall. are you prepared to fu least in part a border wall? we have been very clear on this, you know, we want evidence-based solutions. in someer areas, are fiscal barriers that exist. if there needs to be replacement, those are things that we can look at, but we are not in the business of funding his sea to-s shiniwall he said during the campaign, he alsoaid mexico would pay for it. we want reasonable solutions to thissues. there are plenty of areas lacking investment,watt that the we can get to use of technology to the poiofs entry to detect crossings, those are the types of things we can do when we work together. the senate has already done some of this work. we look forward to picking up in that. >> nawaz: congressman, earlier sarah sanders said ryone

greecagrees there's a problem tt needs to be fix opened the emrder. what is the pro you think needs to be fixed ton boredder? >> we agree there's a humanitarian problem. that i will agree with the white house on. we need to make sure that we make the proper investments, sol indivi have health screenings and are ta care of when they come into custody of d.h.s. thosthings we can invest in and look to solve. but the president has wreaked havoc with the asylum process, and that's what's creating a lot of thsese isues. so that's a key concern of ours, and we need to make sure that we are investing properly noartd help fix the system. >> nawaz: i hear you saying there's a humanitarian crisis but the president also insists there is a national security crisis. he's talked about crminals coming across the border. do you think that's a problem that needs to be addressed in the planou plan to work on? >> i think we need to have this plan in border security but i wouldn't suggest there's ar

crisis on the der. there's not a single republican or democrat who believes we need further investments in barrier structures in the wall, who represents the southern border. so those are concerns that we continue to have because the president wants to fulfill this campaign promise but thple peo on the ground who know the issues know that a physical barrier is the most expensive and least efficient wayor ir to protect our border. >> nawaz: you and colleagues have talked about a smart wall, use of broader technology for deck teaks and deterrents in some cases. could it be possible that in this potential plan you are actually spending more than the $5.7 billion the president initiallasked for, for his wall? >> i think it's possible. we want to make robuste investments whsources are needed. we know there is equipment we can purchase that will help detect drugs at our ports o entry, we know there is broader infrastructure investment wemaan in between the ports of entry. we know there are marine and coast guard resources that help with drug interdiction that witk

these are serious investments that congressmembers and senators should look at that's what we plan to do when we get to conference. >> nawaz: i want to go back to the point you made about evidence-based efforts but not fund a sea to shiseningwall as the president asked for. he's made it clear he wants tose funding for that. if that isn't part of the plan toving forward, aren't you just sending us back i shutdown or asking for the president to declare national emergency tohe fundall? >> well, the president caused the last shutdown. he owned it and talked aboutn that last th, but what i would tell the white use is article 1 dictates our roles and responsibilities here under this dome and we plan to do that. we plan to work in an honest and open way, in a bipartan, bicamera way in order to make sure that we fund the priorities that the entire c has and, in order to do that, broader use

of technology and the smart wall would make serntion but what thn pres is proposing doesn't make a lot of sense at this point. >> nawaz: congressman, you're going to baulk into into the meeting wednesday for the first time with your colleagues and advocate for your priorities and what needs to be addressed. what will you be oughiging for? >> humanitarian aid.al those indiviwho are not receiving the care that it deserve, in many cases it's because there is low staffing in those facilities. i think that that isir concern. we need to make sure that we have the proper staffing, and to provide the medical care th's needed for individuals who come into custody. so i think thathose are fair concerns. so talking about humanitarian aid is somethingthat you can count on house democrats. >> congressman pete aguilar of california. thank you very much for your time. >> thank you.

>> nawaz: the war in afghanistan has dragged on for 17 years. previous attempts to end theng fighhrough diplomacy have failed. but, over the past week high- level officials from the united states and the taliban have been meeting in doha. as john yang reports, they have made significant progress in hammering out an agreement to start the process of ending the war. >> yang: the possible breakthrough comes amid calating taliban attacks. the chief u.s. negeciator, l envoy zalmay khalilzad, tells "the new york times" that the militants have agreed in ibinciple to a draft framework of a deal: the t agreed it would prevent groups like al- qaeda from using afghan territory to plan attacks. li return, the u.s.-led miry coalition would withdraw from afghanistan. in november, khalilzad spoke to the newshour's nick schifrin: >> we wa a peace that is worthy of the sacrifices that have been madeor the past 17

years, meaning especially that afghanistadoes not become a platform for international terrorists against the united states. >> yang: the u.s. envoy also says the taliban must agree to a ceasefire, and to deal directly with the afghan government, something it has refused to do. on sunday, khalilzad briefed afghan president ashraf ghani on the talks. day, ghani said a final agreement must protect the rights of afghans. >> ( translated ): our commitment is to provide peace and to prevent any possible disaster, but there are values that are not disputable, such as national unity, national sovereignty, territorial integrity and a strong central government. ng yang: in washington, ac defense secretary patrick shanahan hailed the tentative framework. >> it's encouraging. >> yang: he also said he has not been asked to prepare a plan to withdraw the 14,000 u.s. troopsa in afgstan. president trump has oftense expresfrustration with the

long-running afghan war, and the on-again, off-again talks to end it. >> why are we there,e're 6,000 miles away? av yang: taliban attacks h lately intensified, in a bid to gain leverage in the talks. the violence has delayed this year afghan presidential election from april to july. ghani is running for a second five-year term. to discuss the realities surrounding the agreement, we are joined by laurel miller, who was president obama's special representative for afghanistand kistan. she's now the international crisis group's asia group director. std barnett rubin, director of the afghanistan/pa program at the center on international cooperation. he too served in the obama administration's state department and was one of the originators of their plan to start talks with the taliban. welcome to you both. laurel, let me start with you. help us understand the significance of this draft framewisk agreement. his the beginning of the end of the u.s. involvement in

afghanistan? >> it could be the beginning of the end of the american war in afghanistan. whether it's the beginninheof the end ofar in afghanistan i think remains to t seen and depends on the details that aro follow. but, nonetheless, the results of the talks of recent days are significant in several respects. first of all, it's the cleares sign yet of the u.s. intent to withdraw forces from afghanistan. secondly, this is the first time that the u.s. has been willing to be seen openly and publicly as negotiating face-to-face wit the talid putting the question of american troop presence front and center. it's also, i tnk, sigficant in that, showing the possibility of achieving some ress, of actually having a negotiatinges pr may have brought ambassador time from a veryim tient washington. but there's a lot that remains to be seen on where this really leads to sauce stained peace

process. >> yang: barnett, i want to talk about the next step.ut we've talked ahat has been agreed to but what hasn't been agreed to is the next step, the cease fie taliban dealing directly with the afghan government. how difficult are those next steps? >> well, first, just to clarify, none of those things will bey fugreed until they are all fully agreed. that is, even when the u.s. and taliban reach an agreement in principle on the framework for the u.s. withdrawal and counterterrorism measures, its implementation will still be nditional on the cease fire and an agreement on a polsoical tion. now the taliban have refused to talk to the afghan government thus far, but have said they will talk to other afghans that without recognizing the government as such, once there's roplan in place for withdrawal of u.s. tops. similarly, i think they've

agreed in principal othe cease fire. the question is about the timing, as they say, they are claing they're fighting against the u.s. occupation. they're agreeing to a cease fire until they see movement at. so there was conferencing about sequencing and coordination. then political setup in afghanistan could be challenging, not involving just the taliban and afghan government but a broad section of afghanistan population including wom, all the various ethnic groups and it's yet to bw determinedhat will be structured. >> yang: and there's a political setement in afghanistan, so someone not at the table in the talks has been the afghan government. their voice is yet to be heard. how complicated will that be, once they is that right to talk, and what do they want? >> the first complication which barney alluded to is what's the format for this process and how

is it sequenced with other ste in the process, and tropical storm still a lot to sort out on thatbuquestion. when it comes to the actual ibstance of what a deal, is one of the challengn identifying where this is really going to go is that none of the sides in the conflict have really articulated what their vision is of a future afghanistan, a vision that could win the support of a broad range of afghans. there are vague indications on the taliban side of what they're looking for, an islamic form of government, a new constitution, pes, but they have no articulated a fully-pledged vision of -- fully-fledged vision of the political future of afghanistan and, similarly, on the afghan government side, th have, so , maintained adherence to what ty have now and wanting to keep what they have now.

they haveden't articul set of compromises that they might offer. >> yang: barnett rubin, also to get here, it seems like the united states has been the ones that made the concessions, moving towarthe taliban, agreeing to talk face to face and willing to talk clea about troop withdrawal. have the taliban made anymo ment toward the united states, toward the afghan government? >> well, certainly if, as reported, they have agreed to a kind of monitoring regime to guarantee that afghanistan will not be used as a tesrorist bae, that certainly is the main demand that the united states has had from the beginning. and the next stage, whethey start to talk to the afghan government and other parts of the political spectrum, we will see to what extent they will move.th bue are -- public positions have moved. we can't always trust them. they say they don't wa a

monopoly of power. they have never said that they want to reestablish the islamic emirates. w the positions en and education changed from what they were doing when they were in power, but as i said, we can't take all those things at face value. we'll have to see what happens when hi sit down with other afghans. >> yang: not only is the afghan non-profit not at the table, pakistan is not at the table. what role will they play in an eventual settlement or trying to reach an eventual settlement? >> paktani influence, i think you could say, was indirectly at the table and even reports of pakistani officials being present in doha. i mean, look,paction, pakistan o one of the actors in the overa picture that has not articulated its vision of a fut afghanistan. i think we can be clear on the

bacs of what they want. they want an afghanistan that is not hostable tondian influences and is relatively hospitable to its own influence, presumably having the taliban be main streamed into politics and having them be a political operative of afghanistan. whether there is more remains to be seen. but, so far, in tese recent talks, in particular, seem to be trying to play a positive role, at least encouraging the process to move foward. >> barnett rubin, with all the ycertainty and complications ahead, a optimistic or pessimistic about this? >> well, my sht answer to that is no, because attitudes don't really help. i try to a lysis. i have been through the ups and downs for 35 yeais. but s, i would think, the -- i would say, the most

significant peacerocess tht we've managed to see get started. there are many other mps in the road ahead, in particular the number of afghanistan depending on aid, and it won't need much if the intelligence community isn't going to fund fund it. so we need analinternati framework and we've barely begun to talk about that. but this is potentially a good beginning. >> yang: barnett rubin andll laurel m, thank you very much to the both of you. >> thank you. >> nawaz: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: anssylum seeker in texas fa an uncertain future. amy walt and tamara keith on the post-shutdown politics in washington. and journalist cindi leive gives her brief but spectacular take on women's power.

a measles outbreak in the northwest part of the country is leading to new concerns about a lack of vaccinatio in some communities, and just who may have been exposed to the infectious disease. public health officials in washington, across the columbia river from portland, oregon, say there are 35 confirmed cases in clark county. 25 of them are in kids who are 10 years old or younger. at least 31 of those cases are among those not immunized. two other cases are confirmed in reegon and washington. the area's consia hot spot, so to speak, when it comes to lack of vaccinations. hari sreenivasan spoke about that very issue yesterday r newshour weekend with dr. anthony fauci, the heahe national institute of allergy and infectious diseases at the nih.an he asked dr. fauci if he was surprised at all that so many oh infected were not immunized.rp i'm sed and disheartened that there are so many people still who are not vaccinated against measles.th the idea tha overwhelming

majority of the people whoot measles who were unvaccinated is not surprising at all.th is exactly what you would expect because the measles vaccine is one of the most effective vaccines of all vaccines that we have, if you gethe two doses that are prescribed that you should get througchildhood, one at 11 months and one at four to six years, it's 97% protective. >> clark county is on the southern border of the state with the state of oregon and seeping out there are kerns in the portland area as well. but up and down the state that, in that state, there seem to be clusters, similar to othe states. how do you change that? s of statesre are l that actually give families the option to not vaccinate their children. well, i think that that you have to be much more strict about the flexibility that you ve to so-called philosophical objection to getting vaccinatedh becaus gets abused, and when you get below a certain

level of the percent o peop in the community that are vaccinated, that's a disaster waiting to happen. you have to hae least 92 and as much as 95 or more percent of everyone in the com nity vaccinated in order to get that umbrella of what we call herd once you get down below a certain level, it's just waiting to have the kinds of outbreaks that you're seeing now in washington state and that we've seen and arseeing even in new york city and in new york state, where among certain populations such as the orthodox jews who have a lower level of vaccination, that same sort of danger and vulnerability. so we've gt to getst that and get people educated to realize that this isserious disease, and when you stop vaccinating or give excuses for t vaccinating, these e the kind of things that are going to happen, and the thing thatee peopleto appreciate is that the idea that measles is a trivial disease is completely

incorrect. before vaccines were available, measles was one of the mostif teng diseases that you could have. globally, there are millions ofc deathsyear and in the united states before we had the vaccine that was widely distributed in the '60s, there were a couple of milli cases for the 500 deaths a year, and 000 cases of encephalitis, which is an inflammation of the brain. re,don't want to go back the even if it's in individual communities, that's a terrible place to be. >> sreenivasan: put measles in place. what happens with memes and why is it so contagious. >> the typical case of mesles, the child gets a fever, runny knows, conunctivitis or inflammation of the eyes, a cough and a couple of days later get a rash, starts off in the face and in the body.

covers. the time, it re it's very uncomfortable for the child, but if you look at the the at that 60s, one in ten that get asles get ear infections that could lead to afness, one in 20 get pneumonia, one in 5 get encephalitis and one in threer so per thousand of people who get measles actlly die from it. so anybody saying it's not a potentially serious disease is just incorrect, period. >> put this number in perspective. ther 3are already about1 cases we're talking out just in the state of washington. this is -- in the larger trend line, is this getting better or worse?t' >>getting worse. unfortunately, the anti-vacsnt moven certain segments of the population, certainly not generalized, is just growing and it's getting worse, and it's based fundamentally on misinformation. you don't want to denigra people who make those kind of

decisis and essentially attac them, that doesn't work. you've got to understand, they have these beliefs, and the way you try and get them to understand the importance of getting vaccinated is talk about the facts, talk about the evidence. don't attack them, and sometimes people tend to pooh-pooh them and attack them. you have to understand they have these beliefs, fe but if you present them with the facts, you y be able ton back a substantial proportion of them. some of them you will never win back to the issue of being able to realize the importance ofut vaccination, think you can try, and i know you can try to get the facts to them andome of them will change their minds. one of the things that's interesting that people don't seem to appreciate, that it's app interesting bilateral thing, where on the one hand, measles is one oe most contagious infections in history and, on the other hand, you have a ccine that's one of the most effective vaccines of any in

history, and it just seems such a shame that you have a disse that, left unchecked, can rampantly spread, and, yet, you have a tool, a saftool, a proven safe tool that can stop it in its tracks. that's the evidence that we'vege got to the people -- get to people of why it's so important to vaccinate yourself with a safe >> nawaz: that was dr. anthony fauci of n.i.h. we'll watch to see how ouch worse thbreak gets in the coming days. >> nawaz: the immigration case backlog has been steadily growing, and the rec government shutdown only made the problem worse. om houston public media, tomeka weatherspoon has the story of one man caught in the middle, his future, unknown. >> reporter: since fleeing his home in 2017, josé has had a lot

of time to think >> ( translated th i remember ears in my eyes i left, i can't anymore.fl >> reporter: h violence in his birth country, nicaragua. then two months later, crossed t ov u.s. border and requested asylum. >> ( translated ): i trusted in god that the opportunity would come and here i am, thanks to god i'm here, but now this contry is closing its doors me. >> reporter: although he passed a credible fear interview and was allowed to enter the country, josé has been unable to get a social security card or driver's license. until his case is heard in immigration court, his life in limbo, according to his attorney ruby powers. >> he's suffered a lot.th ink he really wants to make a change, which is why he was he's been putting his life on

hold waiting for his hearing. >> reporter: josé is just one of more than 800,000 immigration cases in a backlog that's grown. exponentia after more than a year of setbacks, josé had a hearing scheduled in immigration court on january 8 in houston, texas. eyt that morning, his atto notified him that his hearing had been cancelled. that se evening, president trump addressed the nation. >> my fellow aricans, tonight i'm speaking to you because there is a growing harian and security crisis at our southern border. >> reporter: after a month into the partvernment shutdown, the trump administration and congress are still debating what to do about border security. people wanting to immigrate to the s. are caught in the middle. since the shutdown began, tens of thousands of immigration court hearings have been canceled. >> i don't think there's any question that we have a very dire crisis in terms of our

immigration system. >> reporter: geoffrey hoffman ie the or of the immigration clinic at the university of houston. >> we have a humanitarian crisis with people who are frustrated get theirof trying t asylum cases heard. your client may not be able to o heget his case heard until 2021 or 2022. >> reporter: for his part, jose has no idea when or if his hearing will take place. he worries that due to the shutdown, his case will go to back to the line. his biggest fear is being sentra back to nia. >> ( translated ): i fear for my life, for the happiness i have here and not feel that happiness last country i would step foot on, i would rather go to another plane>> eporter: for now, jose sits and waits. even when the government re-cl

opens, it's unear how immigration courts are going to address his case, and hundreds of thousands of other immigration cases. for the pbs newshour, i'm tomeka weatherspoon in houston, texas. >> nawaz: president trump faces the political cost of reopening the government, as democrats look ahead to 2020 and brace for a potential independent challenger. breaking it down is our politics monday pair. that's amy walter of the "cook political report" and tamara keith of npr. amy, we're coming off a bruising fight ter this shutdown. now a lot of that blowback came back to president trump, and the polls aren't looking s good for him right now. what do we know based on whaopt reacted to? >> what we know is the president's approval rating now around 40% is not great but not

the worst that -- the' shape hes been in. in 2017 he spent a good amount of time in the high 30s, low 40s. what is the bigger problem for the president and republicans at large is they not only lost the battle over getting funding fort the wall, buy lost the war, the war on who's going to ben better border security, who do americans trust on the issue of border security. going into the 2018 election, obviously, we talked a lot on th show about the caravan, what impact immigration and the debate wasoing have on the 2018 election. at that time, the abc new abc "e washington post" poll showed people trusted republicans nor. now democrats had aoitwo lead on border security, a fox news poll has president trump underwater by

teerpoints on boecurity. it's bigger and broader than the shutdown, but if you're losing on ground thadet the pre and republicans have held as their most comfortable turf and where they're the strongest, this should be the biggest danger signal for them coming out of this whole last 30 days. >> nawaz: look aheado t nex three weeks, tam, the president has another chance to double down on this, to get something he's been fighting for. if they can't come through with some fund agent the end of three weeks, what does that mean? >> well, it's andart's cle whether they won't get any -- you know, like, it comes down to what is the wall, anyway, what is border security. this conference committee is meeting -- nowth conference mete committee won't go out beyond what leadership wants, but it's entirely possible they come up with a $5.7 billion or more package that includes a whole lot of border security and t a lowe whole lot of wall.

maybe, you know, some fence repas, replacing fence, t,rategic fence, or steel sla whatever you want to call it, as the president would say, but with a lot of other things like immigration judges and some of these other matters.so t may not be the wall. they could come up with we don't know whether the president are sign it, and we also don't know whether thees ent will be able to sell it to his base because he has spent much of the last 35 days saying only wall will work, i know everything aboutne technology, drwon't work, you have to have a wall. so it may be hard to accept the compromise and maintain the support. then again, i have been talking to people who support the president, who are wling to ve them the benefit of the doubt and, you know, even though it seemed to be a total capitulation to nancy pelosi's position, they said, no, it's okay, he's got three more weeks to get the l

>> you mentioned his base, worth tweeting out over the weekend, criticizing, arguably, one of his favorite networks. he's hitting some fox news reporters saying i neer thought i would say this but i think john roberts and julia turneat fox news have less understanding of the wall negotiations than folks at cnn and fake news nbc. is he losing his base? is that what the frustration i >> john roberts isn't his base. jont roberts is in fox news journalism division and not opinion division. may be reporting the reality and the president may not like that. but there is an issue of some factions of talk radio are not happy with the way tisned out and some factions are giving him the benefit of the dou. i think how this three weeks turns out could really affect whether -- you know, he said i could shoot somebody in the middle of fifth avenue, doesn't

>> nawaz: we'll see if it holds. he has to work on the messaging going on the other side of the aisle, democrats are puttinginishes on their 2020. these are folks who formed exploratory commito do so. a diverse field of candidates, still evolving but moving more to the progressive side of the party. is that where the democrats are going to be living, moving into 2020? >> well, listen, there are plentyf republicans, and th argument is democrats, there are so many of them and they are alt crowdingthis one lane and they're going to try to outliberalach other, they will move so far to the left they won't be able to produce a candidate that will win ari ma of the votes or win in some of the battleground statest bus early and we haven't heard from joe biden, who would like to put himself as -- his mark as the cendatrist can as well as a number of others

who would be in the category. >> nawaz: howard schultz, former starbucks c.o. indicated he might be interested in running as well potentially as an independent capt. . what would that do to the race? >> well, it could potentially drive a wedge into the president's rock-hard opposition, potentially, or not. ot could be that he gained n traction at all. it's not really clear exactly what he's running on other than some concern about fiscal policy and deaf set type issues and, you know, those are issues that a lot of people care about some but it's noy t typicaeir top priority. i mean, not a lot of people are reading the commission report at bedtime. w maybe i would. you don't knoat. (laughter) >> but there is a belief the center is left out, that the

atparties are polarized, there is a yearning for a centrist capt. . we don't know if we'llee any of that yearning. p one thing we do know is that third-party candidates e,storically have a hard ti nobody's won the electoral college. the people reacting most stronl strongly to this, democrats, becaeme they remr not so long ago in 2016 to not -- two not very well known non-billionaire candidook enough of the third-party candidates of jil jill to help p >> the dccc have released what they believe their next targets will be in 2020, can they carry a momentum? >> this is the timef the season where everyone can have all the ambition in the world, they have a lot of seo protect in tight secrets they just won. >> that is true. veey're going into a lot of red

states they belhey have a suburban advantage and they're targeting suburban areas in not necessarily friendly states. >> nawaz: great to talk to you both. >> you. >> nawaz: the women's marches last weekend reflect the continued push for equal pay and treatment. in tonight's brief but spectacular, we hear fro journalist and women's advocate cindi leive. she was "glamour" magazine's rseditor in chief for 16 ynd resigned in 2017, after participating in the women's march in washington, d.c. >> we don't really embrace female rage, which is why best- selling books for women about work are usually called things like "lean in" and not "screw you, kevin for taking credit for my work after you interrupted me 12 times in at meeting," which is a book i would buy.

there's a very well-known phenomenon that most women have experienced and social scientists have studied whereby men enjoy interrupting women, often without realizing they're doing it. even female supreme court justices are interrupted three times as often as their male peers. i mean that's r.b.g. women apologize more than men. hillary clinton, by the way isth only presidential candidate ever to use the phrase "i'm sorry" in her concession speech. women also tend to pepper their work communication with the wo"" just" as in, "i'm just checking tl your assignment," every time a woman speaks dirand clearly, "i'm wondering where "your assignment is, der" she gives permission around her for othewomen to do the same. this hesitancy to acknowledge that sometes anger is legitimate is the reason tilt in school, en are typically taught that rosa parksas a seamstress who was tired at the end of a long day, and not a

very self-aware activist who was rightly enraged at her country's inhuman policies. if we tell women "don't be enraged about, the fact that you've been denied a promotion"" don't be enraged at the rates of sexual assault in this country, we're never going to get anywhere. we have to say yes, we're angr"" and now, we're going to fix it. before the women's march in 2017, there was intense pressure on the group that was organizing it to pick one issue." so is it equal pay? is it reproductive rights?om is it more running for office?" and the genius thing about that march was that it refused to make it just one issue. think about equal pay. you can't possibly discuss that while only looking at the salaries of people in cornerls offices, youhave to look at minimum wage because most minimum wage workers in this country are women. you can talk about women's s bodiety without also looking at racial inequities in this country since women ofch color are ore likely to be victims of abuse. women have to stand up for one another. go to a protest that is for a

cause, you don't necessarily consider quote, unquot own. that's what's going to make this powerf. my mom was a biochemist. she was one just a handful of women in her graduating class from harvard getting a phd in bacteriology, then she was one of just a handful of women to run a lab at n.i. at a time when other women were marching for their rights and demanding equal pay, her form of feminism was quieter but it was incredibly powerful. and what i learned from her is that women are as fully equipped for excellence in the things they pursue as men. and people who don't understand that should just get out of the way and let them do it. i'm cindi leive, and this is my brief but spectacular take on female power. >> nawaz: you can find additional brief but spectacular episodes on our website, pbs.org/newshour/brief. on the newshour online right now, the vast majority of

american businesses haven't boosted hiring or investment as a result of the overhaul, according to a national survey released today. learn more on our web pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour forgh to i'm anma nawaz. join us online and again here tomorrow evening.s for all of the pbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provy: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life converlations in a new uage, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or baline. more information oel.com. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. su,orting science, technolo and improved economic performance and financial

literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundatoon. committeuilding a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program way made possiblee corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored byws hour productions, llc ca ioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america's test kitchen," bridget and julia unlock the srets to show-stopping gingerbread layer cake, lisa tests stove top kettles, and keith makes bridget an u sticky toffee pudding. it's all coming up right here, on "america's test kitchen."