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tv   PBS News Hour  PBS  February 7, 2019 6:00pm-7:00pm PST

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captionin nsponsored by shour productions, llc >> awaz: good evening, i'm amna nawaz. judy woodruff is away. on the newour tonight, a moment of reckoning-- as controversy swirls around the democratic governor of virginia and those who might succeed him, we look at the limitof forgiveness in public life. then, the u.s. has pulled out of a major nuclear weons treaty. what this means for the future of arms control and our relationship with russia. plus, a priceless donation: making sense of the long- reaching effects when people give kidneys to complete strangers. all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by:
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>> on a cruise with american cruise lines, you can experience american cruise lines fleet of small ships explore american atndmarks, local cultures and calmways. american ce lines, proud sponsor of pbs newshour. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. upporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in
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educatio democratic ngagement, and the advancement of international peace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. ands by contributi your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> nawaz: acting attorney general mattw whitaker says he won't testify before congress tomorrow about the russia probe, unless democrats drop their subpoena threat. the house judicimmittee voted today to approve a tentative subpoena to erarantee whit testimony. meanwhile, a separate house
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over whether president trump should be forced to publicly disclose his person as is tradition.rns, republicans on the committee accused mocrats of unfairly targeting the president. democrats pointed out that congressional oversight, not the i.r., uncovered tax fraud committed by former president ronichard n >> should the public know whether a person who is running for the office or who is currently leading our nation pay the correct amount of taxes? in t the case of nix answer was yes. >> congress is prohibited by law from examining and making public the prate tax returns of americans for political purposes. such an abuse of power would open a pandora box that would be tough to get a lid on.an it would set arous precedent. >> nawaz: on twitter this morning, president trump called the house democrs' mounting investigations "a continuation of [the] witch hunt!"...
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and he lamented thatveepublicans "did this to president obama." mr. obama did release his tax returns, as a candidate and then president, as has every president for the la four decade meanwhile on the senate side, the judiciary committee voted today to advance the nomination of wdeilliam barr, pre trump's nominee for attorney general. te was split down party lines. if confirmed, barr will oversee special counsel robert mueller's probe into possible coordination between the trump campaign and russia republicans today said they had faith in barr's judgment... democrats remained skeptical. >> even though many of my colleagues asked him to pledge to make the special counsel's report public and he had some gen which he pledged he would consider doing that, he didn't fully commit to do that at a time en this nation needs transparency and at a time when our nation needs the information. >> as to mr. barr and how he will handle the report, i just
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trust that he will make sure that classified information is protected. if there's a privacy concern he'll protect that, but he will share as mh as he reasonably can. >> nawaz: barr's nomination now goes to a full senate vote, where he's expected to be confirmed. the government health official in charge of reuniting migrant families separated by the trump administration spoke out today against the zero-tolerance policy. commander jonathte of the u.s. public health service said he warned his colleagues of thei serious psychol trauma it would cause to children. told a house subcommitt that he, and the office of refugee resettlement that cares t for migrildren, would never have endorsed such a policy. ev>> i do not bethat separation of children from their parents is in the best interest of the child. neither i nor any career person o.r.r. would ever have supported such a policy proposal. >> nawaz: the government reported nearly 3,000 children were separated from parents under the zero tolerance policy last yr. a recent watchdog report said
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there may have actually been thousands more separated children. united nations investigators say they have evidencehat saudi arabian officials planned and carried out the murder o journalist jamaal khashoggi. turkey's intelligence agency has said the dissident and ashington post" columnist was killed and then dismembered inside the saudi consulate in istanbul, turkey last october. u.n. officials today said they had access to part of the "dichilling and gruesome material." they also said saudislrabia "seriundermined" turkey's efforts to investigate the crime en british prime minister theresa may was back in brussels today, trying to rework her deal to withdraw funm the european n. but the two sides are deadlocked over concerns about a potential hard border between british northern ireland and e.u. member ireland. ay's last deal to leave the bloc lost handily in parliament. the prime minister met with european commission president jean-claude juncker, and rshemained confidencould get a result. >> now it's not going to be easy. but crucially, president juncker
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and i have agreed that talks will now start to find a way through this to find a way to thge over the line and to deliver on the concerns the parliament has. so we get a majority in parliament and i'm clear that i am going to deliveit. i am going to deliver it on time. thr's what i'm going to do the british public. i'll be negotiating hard in the coming days to djust that. >> nawaz: e.u. officials have said britain exiting the bloc without a deal inlace is "not n option." the u.k. is set to leave the e.u. on march 29th. back in this country, suntrust and bb&t bks announced plans today to merge, creating what will become the nation's sixth- largest bank. 'sithe first major bank merger since the 2008 financial crisis. the deal between two of the country's largest regional banks is valued at $66 billion. stocks fell sharply on wall ncstreet today over ns the global economy is weakening. the dow jones industrial average plunged more than 220 points to close at 25,169.
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the nasdaq fell nearly 87 points and the s&p 500 slipped 25. and, major league baseball hall of famer frank robinson has died. he passed away in hospice care today at his home in los angeles. robinson was a 12-time all-star outfielder who hit 586 career home runs. he is the only player to winhe m.v.p. award in both the american and national leagues. in 1975, he became the first black manager in major league baseball, and skipfive teams over a 17-year career. frank robinson was 83 years old. still to come on the newshour: a moment of reckoning-- will virginia lders besieged by andal step aside, or seek forgivenes what's next for arms control now thedat the u.s. has puut of a major nuclear weapons treaty with russia. a look at the green new deal: what it is, and how it's shaping the democratic legislative
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agenda, plus much more. >> nawaz: nearly a week after revelations about virginia governor rortham first emerged, questions continue about who will lead the state. dtoemocrats havecide what the future of their party will look like. in richmond, virginia, an unprecedented scandal engulfing the state's top three elected officials. it began last friday when a racist photfrom democratic governor ralph northam's 1984 medical school yearbook surfaced. but the next day, he said he wasn't in the photo. though he had worn blackface in 1984, dressing as michael jackson for a dance contest. >> right now i am simply asking for the opportunity to demonstrate beyond a shadow of a doubt that the person i was is ny.ot the man i am to
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i am asking for the opportunity to earn your forgiveness. >> nawaz: party leaders, at the state and national level, have called for northam to resign. as of today, he has not. ile northam's number two, lieutenant governor justin fairfax, on monday fairfax responded to an anonymous allegation of sexual assault, calling the accusation "defamatory and false." vanessa tyson, a calornia professor, providing details of the alleged assault in a statement through her attorney. tyson says in 2004 fairfax led her to his hotel room in boston, where "consensual kissing quickly turned to sexual assault." fairfax issued a response admitting "a consensual encounter" with tyson, but said he "cannot agree with a description of events that i know is not true." red questions from
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reporters today in richmond. also on wednesday, virginia attorney generalark herring admitted to wearing blackface as a 19-year-old college student in 1980. herring had previously called adr northam to resign. thssion came after a meeting with the state's legislative black caucus. in his statement herring said "this was a onetime ockerrence and i ull responsibility for my conduct." all three men, once seen as democratic rising stars, are so far refusing to step aside. if all three democrats resign, house speaker kirk cox, a blican, will assume the role of governor. the turrgmoil in ia's capital is just the latest example in a larger reckoning happening across american politics and culture. for more on that, i'm joined by eugene scot he is a reporter covering identity politics for the "washington post." and leah wright rigueur. she's a professor of public policy at harvard university's kennedy school of government. sheo the author of "the loneliness of the black
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republican." and welcome to you both. eugene, i want to begin with you here. middle east following govern northam's pictures surfacing from that year book, there was a strong collective callis resignation. that subsided somewhat. unpack how that has evolved. >k > i that democrats in virginia have come to realize is the complexity of what's happening in thr state at the top levels. you have the three mt powerful politicians, all democrats, all al also that a year ago democrats would have easily called for their resignation over. i think what they have come to realize, though,at if all three of these individuals leave office that the most powerful politician in virginia will be a republican, and we have to remember that, after the midterm elections, there was some diniscussion about how vi had finally turned blue consistently, and if these three
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men leave their position, that won't be the case, and i think some on the left are trying to figure out where their values are, what's most important and what's at risk lonterm. >> nawaz: professor rigue we have to separate out the situations. there are allegations of sexual assault in one and racist before in oths. senator kamala harris has called for an investigation into the allegations against justin fairfax. but help me draw the line. we remind people this is the party that forced out al franken based on sexual assault allegations. how are the democrats weighing this? rfe they treating justin f differently? >> so i think part of what's ing on right now are tha virginia democrats are hunkering down, they're in their w roomsics an they're trying to find a way out othis really mplex, messy situation that has no easy answer. what is the pathway where we do the moral thing, and where is the pathway that we do th
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political thing that allows us to maintain power, including policy-making power. i think what you're going to see and what we've seen thus far is that northam has lawyered up, fairfax has lawyered up, indicating they both intend to fight and they both want to keep their positions. but we have seen increasing puback from virginia democrats, first on northam in blacace, but increasingly, it's slow moving, but it's coming, we've seen criticism of this -- you know, of accusations of sexual asult. so i think as that investigation heats up and particularly around s.e cla we know the accuser that is come forward and made a very powerful and very forceful statement that virginia democrats but also the democratic party much more broadly is going to have to have a real reckoning, both a racial recutkoninglso a gender and sexual assault reckoning in the cs oming wed they're going to have to do it on a public stage.
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>> nawaz: pressor rigueur, i nt to ask you, in a follow-up, now, the party has cen women's rights and minority s and racial justice as part of their platform, particularly as they try to distinguish themselves from republicans moving forward. >> the moment we have a blackface scandal and sexual assault allegation charges, that pushes back at this moral high road or the idea of the moral outrage or having the moral high ground, but we also know that sexual assault and wearing blackface and engaging in kind of racist and disrespectful acts doesn't have a partisan bent, rtthatteth actually a bian endeavor. it's be clear, there's a long history of this in both political parties. what'sifferent, however, is the way in which democrats more generally have addressed this. we saw thisgain during the
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#metoo movement where there was explicitalling out. arpart of what you're beginningo ee particularly around sexual assault and #metoo is democrats are consistent with calling for investigations, in calling and saying, you know, i believe women. s so we aing that, while they're alsorying to be sensitive to what it takes to maintain power. with something like ralph northam and blackface, that has become a far more trickier question, particularly once the fairfax accusations emerge. so before there was any doubt that -- about replacements, it was almost a pretty natural for democrats to say northam needs to step down, northam needs to now we're seeing a pulling back on that a little bit because of the reality of what hpens if all of the people, you know, all of the people involved in these scandals resign in terms of ceding power. breut t also wrestling with the very real reality that the
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detymocratic pased its outward appearance on respect for minority and women's rights. >> let me ask you about the outward appearance. the big question is is there room for forgiveness? will virginia voters and other democrats say look at these folks, there will be a place for you in the party. what are they telling voters there? >> it's time to remind people black americans are not a monolith. some would have wanted see northam leave immediately. some are more aware this iwhat happened 30 years ago and this is not where he is right now. others are deeply concerned about losing powero the g.o.p. and having someone at the top of virginia politics who is more in line with donald trump than opposed from donald trump andmp the realcations that that will have on their ability to live the lives that they believe they should have. bing what people are starting to realize in ways that maybe we 't see discussed the las year or the years before is how
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significant the ramifications of having an aumatically you're ut approach to issues related to racism, related to sexual violence and oer problematic issues could be when it comes to public policy. >> nawaz: how do you think this complicates democrats' future efforts to make the case to voters in virginia and beyond. >> it's going to be difficult to argue you are the party of diversity and marginalized communities and you're a much better party than the party on the other side of the aisle when some of your most prominent faces have this as part of their narrative and seeming not to have responded immediately in a way that appeased the con stitch we want tha i think it's worth pointing out black law-makersn the virginia legislature say they've lost confidence in northam's ility leave.
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>> the store sevolving. eugene scott and leah wright rigueur, thank you so much for your time. >> thanks for having me. you. >> nawaz: the trump nistration notified russ last week that it was withdrawing from the intermiate range nuclear forces agreement, or "i.n.f." the move sparked outcry from arms controlxperts. in a moment, nick schifrin talks with the state department's top arms control official.ba but first, somground from nick. >> today, on this vital issue, at least, we can see what can be accomplished when we pull together. >> schifrin: it was 1987 and president reagan and soviet leader mikhael gorbechev laid a coerstone of nuclear arms reduction. a treaty that eliminated an entire class of nd soviet missiles. in t0s and '80s, the u.s. and soviet union deployed mobile, nuclear-tipped missiles to europe. under i.n.f., both sides removed thousands of warheads and
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destroyed ground-launched missiles with a range of 300 to 3,400 miles. , but for the last few yeae u.s. says russia deployed this missile that violates the i.n.f. trea. russia refused us requests to estroy it, so last week the u.s. suspended its participation. >> while we followed the agreement and the rules to the letter, russia repeatedly violated itserms. >> schifrin: but russia says this u.s. missile defense system could be modified to launch an offensive missile, and therefore the u.s. is the violator. lastnd russian president vladimir putin also suspended russia's i.n.f. participation, d this week the russian military vowed to develop new ground-launched missiles. but russia's not the only u.s. concern. u.s. officials say china and iran each have more than 1,000 medium-rae missiles. >> perhaps we can negotiate a different agreement, adding china and others, or perhaps we
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can't, in which case, we will lutspend and out-innovate others by far. >> schifrin: that presidential promise raises questions about an as race, as the u.s. currently debates what to do about another arms control cornerstone, the new start treaty, signed in 2010 by president obama and then russian president dmitry medvedev. it limits the number of long- range nuclear weapons, and is up for renewal in 2021. we are joined now by andrea thompson, under secretary for arms conol and international security at the state department. secretary thompson, thank you very much. welcome to the "newshour". >> thanks for having me. >> schifrin: what's the plan to avoid an arms race or are you to get russia in an arm race. >> we're not trying to get russia in an arms race. we have remained in complaints to the treaties where russia
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violated them. my counterpoint is russia started the arms race when they violated it years ago. >> reporter: are you okay with an arms race now. >> i remind folks we've called out russia repeatedly. our partners and allies have called out russia repeatedly and cotinue to deny they're violating the treaty. if you allow a treaty party to violate it without consequences you've undermined arms control. >> reporter: this is opportunity first time both thought the other one wa not complying so why not consider an offer that's been on the tabus. theans examined the missile defense systems that they have a problem with which do have the mechanical and components that could launch an offensive missile, and iayou examine the rumissile in return. >> the difference is russia is in violation and material breech to have the i.n.f. treaty and enr allies have been consi with that. no one came forward and said
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you'reight, u.s., maybe russia has not made a mistake. you saw the a.t.o. statement after the secretary made his aname. the stro n.a.t.o. statement this weekend after the president made his announcement. we continue to present that intelligence and information to russia. they continue to disavow that. they've countered with our systems that are in violation. no party other than russia said these systems are in violation, hed we continued to show them the intelligence they aren't in compliance. >> reporut lockheed describes the capacity to have the offensive missiles, but do have the capacity, don't the russians have the point? why not exhaust the possibilities and we mutually examine. >> we have remind in compliae with the i.n.f. treaty. we've had inspections with their teams, our technical experts have met, we've consulted and
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the ssca system is not in compliance. >> reporter: how does removing the u.s. eliminate the threat posed by the russian missal >> our obligation is to fulfillt the obligatithe treaty and underscoring that is safety and secuty of the american peopl russia chose to violate it. we by suspendinour obligations can conduct the research for the systems. but the foundation is the safety and security of the amican people. >> reporter: if the foundation is the safety of the american people and allies, the threat you say is posed by the russian missile, how does withdrawing from the i.n.f. eliminate the threat? >> the threat is there. we are now able to conduct the research and development to put our systems into place. the systems arfalready there. the person public and who's watching, this isn't a system in the lab. this isn't a prototime russia
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has fueled multiple battalions, hand and equipped that can reach our allies now. >> reporter: are you planning to deploy any ground launch cruise missiles to europe? >> that's not in the plan but when we develop next steps it will be the consulttation with partners and allies and dod has been clear on next steps. >> rorr: in talking to n.a.t.o. officials, they say the u.s. has briefed n.a.t.o. on a planst a new ground launch cruise missile after thes,ext six montfter the i.n.f. is officially over. will you tesground launch excruise missiles in the month. >> i won't speak for the dod counterparts. the piece is consulting with partners and allies. we met with russians in jefe january 15, and the 16th we weusre in ls briefing our n.a.t.o. partners, we'll continue to do that. >> reporter: i want to move to
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the new start treaty which talks about long range missiles. to extend new start beyond 2021 will you ask for new terms with the russians. >> we've got time with new start, and the important point is we've met our central limits with new start. we're in compliance with the new start treaty and russia is in compliance with the treaty. the 50-meter target is i.n.f. and getting in compliance with that. we have a couple of years with new start and look forward to fulfilling our obligations with trall thties. >> reporter: both sides are lienls.he co i want to bring up john bolton who is opposed to the new start d start with when he opposed the anti-ball listing missile treaty. >> absent an agreement with theu ian side, which is our preference, then we will exercise our unilateral option to withdraw. >> i would urge him to get out
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of the ira completely. i think president trump should say to vladimir putin, you ought to bring russia back compliance with the i.n.f. treaty or we're going to get out of that one, too. t step in the bilateral relationship with russia is for this administration to aggregate the new start treaty so we have a nuclear deterrent that's equal to our needs to preuture conflict. >> reporter: four majo controls treaties, four treaties he wanted to leave, t national security advisish, led by him is the u.s. going to withdraw from the new start treaty? >> i have no intention of ag ddressat now. the fundamentals is what's best fo sr the safety aurity of the american people. it's a complex environment. we'll see what 2020 holds. >> reporter: secretary andrea thompson, ank you so much. thanks, nick.
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>> nawaz: stay with us, coming up on the newshour: making sense of the altruism behind donating a k stranger. the catholic church is rocked by new revelations that priests sexually abused nuns. and caroline clark gives her brief but spectacular take on being deaf. we learned this week that 2018 was the fourth warmest year on record, making the five warmest years in recorded history have been the last five. william brangham takes a look at how lawmakers arclresponding to ate change today. >> brangham: this green new deal calls for the u.s. to take dramatic action to reduce the carbon emissions that are driving climate chang but which are also so intertwined in our ever day lives. the plan calls for the u.s. to r carbon-neutral in just ten years, which wouuire massive changes to how we get around, how we power r homes and offices, how we grow our food. and, its supporters gue, we can make these changes, while boosting jobs and the economy.
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it's two co-sponsors, senator ed markeof massachusetts and congresswoman alexandria ocasio- cortez of new york, introduced their plan today to address what they say is the growing danger of climate change. >> in order for us to combat that threat, we must be as ambitious and innovative in our solution as possible, so what we're doing today in introducing these resolutions here today is that it's not a bill, its a resolution. and what this resolution is doing is saying this is our first step our first step is to definthe problem and define the scope of the solution and so we're here to say that small incremental policy solutions are nogh. >> brangham: and senator markey joins me now. welcome to the "newshour". >>lad to be here. >> reporter: there are parts of this that deal with housing, unions, jobs and wages and all
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that but i really want to talk to you about the climate change impact of this. make the case why we need this deal. >> the case is scientific. both the united nations scientific community and every single u.s. federal agency in the trump era have now said that it's much worse than we ever thought it was going to be. >er> repothe threat of climate change. >> the threat of climate change and what the impact could be on country and on the planet. and now, they point towards 2030 as the yearhat we have to target, if we're going to avoid the worst most catastrophic consequences of climate change. now, we saw the wildfires out in california. we see the storms which are far more dangerous than they ever were before. it cost our country $300 billion last year, just to deal with the
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impact of climate change. >> reporter: the costs we have year incurring this pas are evident, as you've laid out. toshe of the proposals you are putting forth in this plan are ostly. i know you would argue the benefits saved would accrue to the country enormously, but do you think the costs are surmountable? do you think we can generate the fu >> i actually don't think we have an option. the costs are prohibitive. we don't take -- if we don't take this action, we're going to be long areas of our country along the coastline that would e, but it'svoida going to total trillions of dollars. so we should spend the money now, you know. an ounce of prevention iworth a pound of cure. >> reporter: how do you imagine we will become carbon neutral? what are the tangible steps you would imagine we would take? >> what we do in the resolution is we talk about each one of the sectors -- transportation,
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agriculture, electric power generation and we talk about what the goals should be for us to find the best technologies thusat can b in order to reduce dramatically the grouse greenhouse gases that come out of each one of the sectors and to challenge the country. but to challenge the united states house and senate and the white house to deal with this issue, but it's ready to be a politically weaponized issue. you can really feel that this younger generation, millennials in this country are fed up with no action on it, so i think this is far different than ten years ago when i was the author of the climate change bill that passed the house and died in the senate. i think now we have an army out there. we have the resources to be able to ocfight back against the brothers, fight bang against those who don't wish to say this issu dealt with. reporter: what seems to be
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crucial is government investment in these thnologies. the market is working, we've seen incredible growth in solar and wind in the past few years that largely have been private sector, but to make the chang you're talking about, do you imagine the government will have to heavily invest in these tex knowledge? er>> is going to require some government investment. no question about it. we need to tax code to provide the same opportunities for wind and solar and all-electric vehicles and new battery entechnology that we have providing for 100 years to the oil industry, to the natural gas dustry, to the coal industry. it's about time we really had a true level playing field in terms of where all these subsidies go. we have to fight every year just to continue the wind and solar tax breaks. there's always been a federal role in energy policies. the nuclear power plants have federal guarantees when they're built in our country. so now we're talking about the renewable revolution, we're talking about all-electric vehicles, we're talking about
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mandating all new buildings in the united states are twice or three times more efficient ohan ts built today and to refurbish the old onthey meet higher energy efficient standards, but that can be a hugeti private sector job cr opportunity. we now have 350,000 blue-collar workers in the wind and solar ry, and there's only 50,000 coal miners left. s,'re going to take this up to hundreds of thousao, millions of workers in this sector. we neeto have this become a voting issue in our country. 20it really wasn't back i and 2010. it's about to become one of the two or three most important issues in 2020, in the presidential and in the congressional and senate races, and, with that, i think we're going to be able to see a lot mo progress. >> reporter: senator edward markey, thank you very much. >>hanks. thanks for having me on.
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>> nawaz: there are more than 100,000 people in this country waiting for a kidney transplant and the median wait time is more than three years. a nobel prize-winning economist has a solution :kidney transplant chains. it starts with a donor giving to a stranger with nothing guaranteed in return. and the momentum builds from ere. paul solman has the story of two donors who volunteered to start a chain, saving multiple lives, part of our weekly series, making sense. >> emotionally i'm feeling a little anxious. >> knock knock, good morning. >> reporter: that was barbara ack in october, minutes before surgery at saint barnabas medical center in new jersey. >> scary! >> reporter: sine -- ear- old mother of two, works at a prep school, teaches spin s on the side, is health as a horse. her operation was 100% elective. and yet, lifesaving. it was all due to a story on npr. >> i actually brought my husband in the car.
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i made him listen to that podcast and that interview. and i said i have to do this. and-- and i still to this day get very emotional. >> reporter: so that was you. >>e freakonomics broadcast. >> reporter: turns out barbara sine and those like her are key players in a medical revolution, and economics non l laureate alth deserves much of the credit. aers a market e he'd been puzzling over how to increase the number of kidney transants. dialysis keeps patients alive while they wait, usually years, for a deceased donor kidney, or, fif they're lucky, a kidnm a living donor who's a good biological match. and then al rothays he heard about two spouses chatting in the waiting room of a dialysis clinic. >> why are you here? i'm waitg for my husband. i would give him my kidney, but he has blood type b and i have ablood ty oh it's a funny thing my, you know, we're just reverse. >>epter: so the wife with blood type a gave one of her two kidneys, we can live with just one, to the other spouse.
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and her blood type b husband got a eykirom the person she'd met in the waiting room. but roth saw a way to go beyond two cples swapping two kidneys, by using computer algorithms to create donor- recipient chains, matched for blood and tissue type, even for age. one problem, though: everyone needing a kidney also needed a partner to donate a kidney to another pair. a second problem: all the operations had to happen simultaneously. >> just to make sure that no link is broken. what wouldn't be good is if you give a kidney to my brother today and tomorrow, for whatever reasonil, i o give a kidney to your sister. you had a surgery that didn't heln'p your sister and you take part in next kidney exchange because you no longer have a kidney to exchange, you've already given yours. >> reporter: and that created a logistical logjam. >> s what that me, that if you want to do even that simple exchange, you need four operating rooms and four surgical teams to be available at the same time to do a th ee- whange, you'd need six operating rooms. to do a four way exchange you'd
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need eight operating rooms. >> reporter: there was, however, a solution. it turns out there are a couple hundred people a year in thwae united states wh to give a kidney to someone who don't have a particular patient in mind. we've learned how to usehem to start chains of transplants thwher give to a patient donor pair and the donor in that pair gives to someone else who gives to s else, gives to someone else. and each pair gets a kidney before they give one. because if i fail to give a kidney, the t i was supposed to give a kidney to will be very disappointed. avt their donor will still his or her kidney. so they can wait for the next opportunity. >> reporter: and all this because of just one non-directed donor, ke barbara sine. >> i think prior to this if i had known somne who needed a kidney i'm sure i would have stepped up. but i don't know anybody. so i can just kind othrow it up there to fate and let it land where it may. >> reporter: what's different about you? mean it's so unusual to have someone altruistically give ane k
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>> i'm a hospice volunteer. i foster animals. so i think this is kind of a continuation maybe at a different level. >> reporter: 26-year-old eric walano gives blood regularly. up i actually just finishe my fourth gallon. >> reporter: takes a homeless man he's befriended to lunch. me we go to five guys some >> reporter: walano too is a non-directed kidner. >> so about a year and a month ago i went to a charity organ donation gala type thing. and i turned to my paiknts and it we, kidney donation. i can do that. >> rep and they said? >> and they said you're probably a little bit drunk. like what if god forbid something happens my other dney down the road. and then a month later i was in saint barnabas. >> undergoing rigoroushysical and psychological evaluation. he watos cleareonate, gave a kidney in april. but to whom? as the months passed... >> i was in a little bit of a funk, i was like, ahhh, why am i a little bit sadder today, what am i missing. >> reporter: because it was a feeling of irresolution or not
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having been acknowledged. >> that's perfect. you hit the nail on the head. >> reporter: and you weren't getting anything back. >> and i didn't get anything back. >> reporter: no wonder that of the thousandr so people who contact saint barnabas each year about living donatio only one percent are would-be non- directed donors. and only half of those are approved says clinical director marie morgievich. >> they want to help another person because they're good people but maybe ist not the right time for them to come forward. >> reporter: meanwhile, the wastiting or cadaver kidneys, 2500 people at saint barnabas alone, 100,000 or more nationwide, keeps growing, gngroaster than deceased donor organs come in. >> we'll approximately 170 deceased donor kidney transplants, but we'll add 400 or more candidates to that list. so we know that we're in a losing battle. >> my hope was down here and every day was darker and darker. d >> reporter: 39-year-olsario davi was on dialysis over a year. >> i could do 10% of what i used to do physically.
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ly, that demon's on your shoulder the whole time through this process. >> reporter: but last april, eric walano sent davi's demon packing. >> angel on earth. i don't know what else to say. >> reporter: and in december, walano finally did get something back when he was allowed to meew his kidney'swner, and thee ntire transplant chain his gift had set in motion. >> it's just so unfathomable that you would go through this prerocess of having the su and the recovery time for a complete stranger. >> reporter: but after rosario got eric's kidney, his wife tara also gave to a complete stranger: michael dunn in california. >> you're such a blessing to do what you did, to sacrifice what you did. and i'm very grateful. >> rorter: michael's wife dndy gave a kidney to edu cardenas-rios. >> how are you feeling? >> i'm fling very well. s. i was on dialysis for seven year >> oh my god.
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to be able to give it to someone who needed it so much, it just kes me really happy. >> can i just say something to epr? >>ter: eduard's sister, ines. >> he has a life to look forward to now. ngand it just means everyto me and my family, i just wanted you to know that. >> repor rios donated a kidney that's keeping leo lunney ive. >> i'm the biggest person in the room and probably the most emotional. >> reporter: his brother richaad hgreed to donate a kidney on leo's behalf. islt went to naples. >> it's working great, yay! >> reporter: leslie's had kidney disease for 23 years. >> i want to say that i love you because i do. >> i love you too. >> i love you too. >> i'm leslie's husband rick. >> reporter: rick naples donated a kidney, ending thehain, to perhaps the luckiest recipient of all: sharon bloch of california.
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with a hard-to-match blood type, and no one to donate oher behalf, she's been on dialysis, and deceased donor waiting lists, for years. >> my son is eight years old and ihi kept promisini will eventually get a kidney and you'll see a different mom. i even flew here one time because there was a kidney. got to the airport here. then turned around and went back because it fell through. right? yeah. so when this happened it was like-- >> a miracle. well eric just take a look and look what you've created. all of these people's lives have been changed. >> i'm going to take this picture from today and i'm going to put that up. that's going to be the trophy case now. >> reporter: meanwhile, barbara sine has yet to meet her recipient. >> i know that a man about my age got my kidney and now thihawife was scheduled to donate i think the following
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week. anbod that's all i know. >> reporter: would you be more and more happy as a function of whether or not more and more people were in your chain? >> well, yes, i mean, i think the more people who are helped the beer. the idea that i can help 10, 15, who knows! >> reporter: and bottha line, that'smakes this tear- jerker an economics lesson as well. >> well,ltruism seems to respond to some of the economic incentives that other goods do. if you can do more good with dollar, you're more likely to give a second dollar. >> reporter: okay, you can't ve a second kidney. but you can sure do a world of good giving just one. this is economics correspondent paul solman, reporting from new jersey.
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>> nawaz: pope francis broke his silence on wednesday acknowledging for the first time that clergymen have sexually abused nuns. john yang has more on the story >> yang: amna, forecades, the persistent allegations of sexual abuse of nuns and religious women by roman catholic priests and bishops have been w,ershadowed by other scandals. noecades of silence are ending. lasa t yearshop in india was arrested after a nun told police he had repeatedly raped her between 2014 and 2016. m wany priests celebrathen the bishop was released on bail. he ces trail later this yea this week, for the first time pope francis addressed the issue as he returned to rome from the united arab emirates. >> it's not something that everyone does, but there have been priests and even bishops who have done this. and i think it is still taking place because it is not as though the moment you become aware of something it goes away.
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the thing coinues, and we have been working on this for some time. we have suspended a few clerics and sent some away over >> yang: the pope was responding to a question from associated press vatican correspondent nicole winfield, who joins us now from rome. nicole, thank you so much for being with us. you published an investigation last summer that documented abuse going back decades and spreading across at least four continents. why has it taken so long for this silence to break and for this to surface? >> the first public reports were in 2001, the nationacatholic reporter did a groundbreaking report and provided documentation that had been given to the vatican a decade about the situation in africa. de i took that as a starting point and dethat, with the reckoning that was going on in the united states, thaas a time to really look at what was
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going on around the world as far as the religious sisters were concerned and, indeed, we found that really nothing had changed. >> reporter: and you also wrote about the forces that kept these religious women, these nuns from speaking out, from repothe abuse. >> in all situations of abuse, there is a general tendency not to report, right there's a sense of shame, a sense of guilt, so there are all those normal forces that we've heard over a over again in talking about abuse in general.e ligious sisters, though, it seems like there's compounding interests thatight have conspired to keep this quiet, some of that is that the sisters have a real fear of repercussion within their own congregations if they speak out, pecially if they belong some of these smaller diocese-level congregations,
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that order is wholly dependent on their local bishop, so if the bishop himself is doing t abuse or one of his priests is armmitting the abuse, ther real vested interests in not having this come out. r orter: and as i said earlier, your reporting found this over at least four continen. give us the idea of the scope of this and i don't know if severity are is trying to word, but there are nuns who have been forcedve the abortion or forced to have the children of these priests and bishops. >> sisters were porting that they were getting pregnant and, in some cases, even the priests themselves were paying for the abortions, so kind of a compou compounded, as far as the church was concerned, a kind of compounded sin, and then there would be the cases where the siste would also give birth and then very obviously, then, be thrown out of the congregations, and, indeed, it seems like the developing world has been -- some of the places
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where it has been reported at least more frequently than elsewhere. >> reporter: what's the significance or themportance of the fact that the pope in acknowledged this for the first time? >> well, i think it was quite geous of him to even tak the question. i admit it was a bit out of left field, so -- but it seems like ere was momentum building for it. the vatican's own women magazine just last week had written an article about it, so it seemed like it was fair game. nevertheless, the fact that the pope said it, he admitted it, he said it was a problem, he said we're working on it, and he committedhomeself do even more because he said more was needed, i think is enormously significant. if you think of this as a problem of secrecy and a culture of secrecy, having the pope come out and say, i get this, i kemw it's a proi think is
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enormous significant maybe for the sistershemselves, maybe they might feel emboldened now to break the silence. >> reporter: briefly, this issue comes up just fore a summit of bishops to talk about the abuse of children, se sexual abuse of children in the church. is there any sense that th abuse to have the religious sisters is going to come up at that meeting as well. >> is this i be surprised if it did only because already thahis meetinenormous expectations, perhaps unreasonable expectations, placedn it. it was called to address a very specific issue, the preventio to have the abuse of minors. nk if they were to add i the issue of abuse of religious cyst, thld detract attention from the core issue. so i think it would open a bit of a can of worms if they were to redirect this meeting to address that issue, and i think so they'll probably just keep it focused on its originaintent,
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which was on preventing abuse of minors. >> reporter: nicole winfield, vatican correspondent for the associated press, thank you so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> nawaz: last week's brief but spectacular featured melissa malzkuhn, who was born deaf and into a deaf family. she spoke about how access to sign-language offers access to humanity. tonight, we have a separate take on language and deafness from caroline clark. born into a hearing family, clark was diagnosed as deaf at the age of two. she reflects on her relationship with words and how she turd to technology to help her speak. clark now works with the baker institute, a non-profit that provides speech therapy for deaf children. >i' been diagnosed with deafness when i was two and i will never forget the wd, the first word i learned, and it's the word "up." so, my mom told me this story. she said she was in my
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and she holds me in her arms and she would carry me up and down the stairs. and she was saying to me," caroline, up, up we go," and n sometimes kind of take my hand and place it on her throat and i feel the vibrations of what she was sing. and finally, when i was two and a half, i said the word back to her, "up." and when my mom heard that, she cried tears of happiness because i think in that moment, she knew that i learned to speak. learning to speak when you speak while you can't hear, it's an interesting process. you pay close attention how in forming the lips. st of all, just repeated try to learn over and over again. there's a magnet that is inside of my-- inside of my head and there's a magnet outside of my head. und comes through the magnet.
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when it first get turned , you don't understand anything you're hearing. it sounds like beeps and it fully sounds like donald duck. and then one day, i asked someone, "can you sathat word door?" and they said, "yeah, it's about that word." simo over i begin to understand this new language. i ldidnrn sign language. my mom made a constant decision to teach me how to speak. as i got older, she said, "okay, you can learn sign language." and i honestly, i har things i wanted to learn other than sign language. one time, i was in a grocery store and i was just browsing along and buying some groceries and this guy comes up to me. and started signing to me. and i couldn't sign back. it was very awkward fome and ashamed that i'm currently a, deaf perst i can't even communicate to the other deaf person. and in that moment, i felt this huge divide between our walls between my world and his world. and yeah, i feittle bit
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embarrassed. ys not a big piece of identity. frankly, i identify more being a woman and being gay over being deaf. so dating whi you're deaf is an interesting experience. first-off, people will ask you where you're from in the beginng conversation. and you have to actually have a deaf accent and things g awkward pretty quickly. i think common misconceptions of deaf people is that we experience the world ia fundamentally different way. we can't see the same things or we gscan't hear the same thf we don't experience it the same thing and that's not true. we want the same things, we crave the same things. we want to feel loe d, we want tocluded when i was younger, i was so annoyed. i would be leaving school and all my friends were going off play dates. and i was going to speech therapist. i think that fundamental experience of really learning how to fail over and over has really molded me into the person i today.
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being told constantly, "do not pronnce it that way. try again. do it over." and so, i really have raised this growth mindset and i have a firm belief that i could do anything i want if i tried hard enough. i'm caroline clark, and this is my brief but spectacular take on g beaf. >> nawaz: you can watch last deweek's epiith melissa malzkuhn and all our brief but spectacular episodes at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour r tonight. i'm amna nawaz. for all ofwss at the pbs ur, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute ssons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.
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>> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made porible by the corporation public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org results are only as good
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as your ingredients. on this season of martha bakes, as your ingredients. join me in the kitchen with the experts who know these ingredients best. i'll teach you how to use them in original recipes,ie frs to cakes and tarts that your family and friends will love. plus, some of my favorite bakers will use these prize ingredients in their recipes. welcome to martha bakes.ma rtha bakes is made possible by... for more than 200 years, domino and c&h sugars have been used by home bakers tobring recipes to life and create memories for each new generation of baking enthusiasts. ♪ ud to sponsor n"martha bakes"u care p ♪