captioning sponsored by wnet >> srenenivasan: on this editio alr saturday, february 9: virginia's polit scandal deepens with demands for the lieutenant governor to step down. ran: 40 years after th revolution. and ancient finds while excavating for rome's subwa" next on "pbs newshour weekend." >s > wshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. corporate funding is provided

by mutual of america-- designing customized individual and group retirement products. wh that'we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation forbl broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at ,lincoln center in new yo hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: goa evening and nks for joining us. democratic leaders are calling on virginia's lieutenant governor justin fairfax to resign after a second woman came forward accusing fairfax o sexual assault. in a statement through her attorney, meredith watson accused fairfax of raping her in the year 2000, when they were both students at duke university. she called the alleged attack" premeditated and aggressive." on wednesday, vanessa tyson, a california professor, publicly accused fairfax of assaulting her in a hotel room during the 2004 democratic natiol convention in boston. fairfax denied all of the

allegations and called for a full instigation. late last night, a virginia democratic legislator demanded edirfax resign or be impea >> i believe these women. he needs to resign immediately. should the lieutenant governor fail to do so, on monday i intenrtd to introduceles of impeachment on lieutenant governor juaistinax. >> sreenivasan: virginia's governor ralph northam attended a funeral for a state trooper killed in a shootout today. it was northam's first public appearance since he admitted being in a racist photo in his 1984 medical school yearbook-- then denied it-- and then admitted wearing blackface at a dance contest. in an interview with the "washington post" this morning, northam again said he will not resign and that he will work f"" equity," explore the issue of" white privilege" and push an agenda of racial reconciliation. many lawmakers continue to demand northam's resignation. virginia'attorney general--

democrat mark herring-- is also under pressure to leave office after he, too, admitted wearing blackface in college. senatoelabeth warren formally launched her campaign for president from her home sf tate ossachusetts today. warren chose a historic mill site known for an immigrant workers' strike in 1912 as thefo settinher rally and speech, focusing on income inequality and what she called"" middle class sq" >> millions and millions and mlions of american famili are also struggling to survive in this systeigthat's been d. rigged by the wealthy and well connected. hard working people are up against a small group who holpo far too mucr. not just in our economy but also in our democracy. ( cheers ) >> sreenivasan: warren did not mention the controveer her past claims to a native american identity, for which she recently apologized. the 69-year-old senator was re- to her second term last fall and formed her exploratory

campaign committee on december 31. warren headed to new hampshire to campaign after her announcement. me of her rivals in the growing field of candidates for the nomination were in iowa and south carolina today.a small group of congress members continues to work on a proposato avoid another partial government shutdown. their deadline is next friday and any deal requires president trump's signature. the "new york times" reports ere is progress, and that negotiators hope to introduce their plan on monday. that's the same day president trump is scheduled to hold a rally when the last shutdown ended, the president still demanded $5.7 billion for athorder wall-- gh it could also be a steel barrier. and democrats at the time said they would not authorize spending for a wall. for more on the weekend talks and the details of a possible d "eaw york times" white house correspondent annie karni joins us now from washington d.c. we have anything to be optimistic about at this point? >> it does look like they are getting closer to being able to

find a deal to avoid a second government shutdown. the white house seems more open to a-- coming down off of the $5.7 billion number, which was nonnegotiable last rw nd. it sound like something in the range of $2 billion for--ti the qu is for fencing or for additional border security is something they rejected last time around, and that the president is more open to this time. >> sreenivasfi: what are the l kind of deal points that seem hard to negotiate for both sides? >> we, of course, there's t definition of "wall." what's a wall? what's a physil barrier? there is-- democrats are saying, you know, they don't want anyne for a physical structure. the number of detention beds is actually something th're rking on right now. democrats want a smaller number of detention beds and other options to avoid family separation. republicans want more beds. so that's another number.

and then it's just $2 billion. democrats are saying that $2 billion is too much. last time they only offered $500 million for security and beefed-up measures. it's just finding a number both sides can claim as a win and figuring where that limit is.an >> sreeniv this discussion seems to have taken out the kind of more extreme elements, the most progressive wing of the democratun party says dice all together. the very conservative ring of the republican party would never stop at anything less freedom caucu$s of 2 billion. another piece of the discussion that has really kind of fallen the wayside is this idea that he could declare a national emergency. the president seems to have been convinced by mitch mcconnell and other a republicad

members of his own administration he will be on an island if he does that, and it's a losing proposfor him. so that was seen as his exit ramp, but he had the power to do this, and it was always something he could do if heet couldn't deal and i'm not hearing anyone talking seriousl abat option anymore as well which is why he might be looking at coming off the number he doesn't have another out. >> sreenivasan: in brought broadstrokes, aren't we where we in terms of-- >> yes. >> sreenivasan: ...a deal that even vice president pence at one point had suggest, along with where the democrats were. >> very much sde there was that pence-- that was actually about this number that we'relking about, and the president rejected it publicly at the time, in december. it's basically the same deal that now he has to be open to, ain, because i think he realizes there's-- he's run out of options. but, yes, and the democrats are kind of looking at the same numbers and the same deal they offered him last time around. what hpened was that a 35-day

government shutdown demonstrateed to the whohite e-- i've talked with officials who say they recognize they lost that battle on a p.r. level. they recognize that they ran out the string on how long the government can be closed until it stops functiong. and they can't do that again. so there are just fewer options which makes the ones that were objected last time look like a potential this time. >>reenivasan: annie karni from "the new york times" joining us from washington tonight, thank you so much. >> thank y. >> >> sreenivaa san: witlitical stalemate in venezuela, the humanitarian crisis there continues to escalate. aid from the united states has been blocked at the colombia- venezuela border, with supplies and potentially life-saving medicines, out of reach r those who desperately need them s john ray reports from caracas, where he documented the dete system. health care >> reporter: nighttime in the most dangerous capital in the world, but only that the late four is it safe to us see the city's daerveght secrets. darkest secret.

the hospit one of the biggest in caracas, and a doctor too scared to show his face. "if they catch us, i'll go to jail," he says. there is barely enough light to see, but in the rusting beds piled in corridors, enough to show a health system n total collapse. into a dirty and dlapidate ward, our guide says the lack even basic medicines. this is pedro garcia, 58 years old. he's been here for 13 long and agonizing months. "i feel like i've been abandoned d forgotten," he tells me. he has to cook his own meals, a small paet of soup, an empty tin on the bette side table. venezuela once performed the first organ transplants in south america. now it can't even fix his broken

leg. "twice last week they tolde i was ready for t operation," says pedro. "then itwas canceled." the doctor tells us we must leave and leave quickly. there are govnment informants everywhere. f is doctor was sacked as directore children's hospital of caracas after speaking out against psident maduro. >> we used to have the most-sophisticated equipment. nowada c, when aldren goes to my hospital, we don't have food. we don't have medicine. we don't have any more equipment. they probably will die in my hando >> reporter:ou, even the best doctors, all you can do is go wese children on their journey to the grave. >> yes. 's reporter: that heartbreaking. >> it's very, very heartbreak, but at least it's sometimes best we can do. >> reporter: wilda sits and

waits for a kidney transplantve he'll get. they haven't performed that procedure here for two years. >> ( translated ): it's desperate to seonmy sike this, asking me, "please, mommy, don't let me die, too." i ask god for strength, but there's nothing i can do to help vem. >> reporter: iezuela, they are dying for change. >> sreenivasan: diplomats from the united states and south korea >> sreenivasan: diplomats from the united states and south korea met in seoul today to discuss the planned second summit between preside trump and north koreander kim jong un. u.s. special representative ouephen biegun arrived in after three days of talks in north korea that he says were producti president trump and north korean leader kim jong un are schedulan to meet in, vietnam on february 27 and 28. oe second summit-- like the first-- will focuspersuading north korea to give up its nuclear weapons program. much of the pacific northwest is under a winter storm warning and authorities are saying that more snow is on the w a.

more thanoot of snow was record de the olympic peninsula and two separate storms dropped greater than seven inches of snow at the seattle tacoma airport. ights were200 cancelled. blizzard conditions shut down a twenty-mile stretch of interstate i-90 in the middle of the stat washington governor jay inslee declared a state of emergency y oesterday ahethe storm. to watch senator elizabeth warren's entry into the 2020 presidential race, visit pbs.org/newshour. this month marks the 40th anniversary of the iranian rev wolution ayatollah khomeini returned from exile, toppling the shah of iran's regime and changing theme gove from a monarchy to an islamic republic. the consequences of that event continue to reverberate in u.s. policy and rngional and inational politics today. suzanne maloney, deputy director of the foreign policy program at the brookings institution joins us now n from washingc. one of the concerns that people have right now in modern-day relations between america and iran, are we closer to war now

than we have been with them in these 40 years? >> i think we're in a moreed untable period than we have been in many years. there has been an estrangement between washington and tehran since november of 1979 when iranian students overtook the ulerican embassy, and created a crisis which rd in a 444-day standoff when ameridican omats were held hostage. that animosity has waxe and waned over the years. there appeared a period of real transforation during the obama administration, a sense tet th nuclear negotiations and agreement that was produced in 2015 might in fact lead between a new opening between the two countries. instead, what we've seen is increased intentions as president dum donald trump has walked away from the nuclear de, with no obvious end point. and the iranians don't have a clear approach to managing that

pressure. >> sreenivasan: i'm looking at an op-ed that john bolten wrote back in 2015 in the "new york times" "to stop iran's bomb, bomb iran." how concerned should we be about the idea that the way to deal with iran might be through force, because that's the advice lye president gets? >> ironicone of the more moderating influences within the current administration is the president himself, who deeply averse to any further american entanglements i military conts in the middle east, to the point that he's actually moved tora wit american forces from syria, as well as most likely afghanistan, two conflicts in which the iranians are both deeply enmeshed. in that sense, i think it's highly unlikely the president himself would authorize a war with iran unfortunately, though, one can't necessarily coal the inadvertent consequences of the apoach that he has endorsed of applying pressure to iran. when the iranians reach a breaking pot,t's entirely

possible that we will find ourselves pulled into a confl nt thther side in fact desired. >> sreenivasan: has it been worth it to walk away from he deal? is iran closer to a nuclear weapon now? is have we created a strong enou deterrent where we can walk away? >> i think the decision to walk away from the deal by e trum administration was a critical mistake. the president, by suggesting that he might in fact jettison the agreement, had an opportunity to apply some of that leverage to get some additional pressure on range of other concerns about iranian ion.vior across the reg instead, he chose to walk away from the deal. and that has left us in a weaker position. it's created this opportunity, i think, for the iranians tolv them have the upper hand. toally, what happens next is goine decided by tehran. in my view, the most likely outcome from n extended crisis with iran is one in which they seek to disrupt oil exports or production coming from some of their neighbors around the

region, because anything that drives up oil prices will help them in terms of their own bottom line at a time of severe economic sanctions, and it would hurt the president's political capital in terms of continuing to apply those sanc >> sreenivasan: are the economic sanctions that we have put on themworking? i mean, there are articles here about iran facing the wost economic challenge in 40 years, according to the president of the country. the real has devalued, inflation is up 30%. is it working? is it pressure working? >> the pressure is working if your metric is simply one of economic impacar the iraniansreally facing hard times at the moment, and it mes at a time of some political crisis for tehran as the political establis shment begio look toward what comes next and perhaps whoomes next in terms of succession for the supreme leader. the sanctions are notorng in terms of actually creating any

restraint on iran's approach to e region. and i think this is where the trump administration's polic has really fallen flan flat. there is no evidence, in fac, historicalhat economic pressure causes iran to retrench from its activities and destabilizing actions abroad.fa and, i, many of its policies are fairly low cost, and even to some extent, low risk for the regime to continue to undertake. really what we have done is to remove some of our ability to influence iran's decisions around the region, and critically, eliminate our capacity to engage zaplomatically with iranians. >> sreenivasan: e maloney of the brookings institution. thanks so much for joining us. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: there's a big dig going on in the ic heart of rome, with the goal of creating a new state-of-the-art subway line. and with some of the excavation

eet underground, archaeologists are taking advantage of untapped sites that were out of reachefore. the new line-c route may be a modern engineering achvement, but a simple excavation can quickly become an archaeological feast. "pbs newshour weekend" special correspondent christopher livesay has our story. >> reporter: the imperial coumns, monuments, and temples of rome's forum reveal what the city was like 2,000 years ago. it'sn ancient wonder of the world only discovered in the early 18 s after centuries buried under pastureland. excavating the forum took decades and work continues on some areas even today. but big digs lunike that which vered the forum rarely happen in modern times. less it's for mething like this: rome's new subway line, metro c-lunning right by the coliseum. it's a huge project requiring drillinggi and d down deep and wide. construction workersork side side with specially trained

archaeologists knowing the city's ancient historys buried in the layers of earth beneath them. >> ( tra tnslated s was an extraordinary archaeological opportunity. >> reporter: simona morretta is archaeologist with the italian government. >> ( translated ): the digging of this infrastructure, the metro c-line, gave us the opportunity to reach an excavation depth that normallyis ever reached. a normal archaeological excavation usually gets to 20 feet. instead we were able to go deep down to over 65 feet. this provided some extraordinary archaeological surprises. >> reporter: one of those surises came when construction crews came upon this, the ruins of a military barracks and splendid home dating back to the second century a.d. archaeolists expected some kinds of artifacts would be found, but not this. >> ( translated ): we found a very-well preserved archaeolical complex, which the ancient sources don't say anything about, so it was a surprise also for this reason.

it was astonishing indeed, not just the soldiers' quarters, but also the commander's home, with its frescoes, with the mosaic floors, which are all well preserved,pas indeed exonal. >> the quality of the mosaics especial in the so-called "commadante" house wasod very >> reporter: francesco prosperetti is rome's superintendent of archaeology. >> the most important thing is the dimeions. it is very rare to have the possibility insidemeome to find ing which is 1,200 square meters. >> reporter: 1,200 square meters. that's 13,000 square feet. but chances are it would never have been found if not for the c-line construction project. it was the biggest find, but not the first. earlier, at another c-e ne site clos, san giovanni, the team had discovered the remains of a farm with soisticated irrigation systems dating back

before christ. s the artifactare now displayed in a mini-museum inside the station, which opened in may. but combining archaeology with mass transit improvements is not without its problems. iineases the cost and slows construction. the entire c-line project is al smost 20 years behichedule. while some locals were frustrated by the delays, the ones we spoke with considered it part of the of the cost of living in a city like rome. wase it worth it? ( speaking foreign language ) >> ( translated ): yes, in my opinion it was definitely worth the wait, especially for this specific stop. >> reporter: you're proud to see this in your neighborhood. >> we were convinced that making a station whichould show what we are really discovering will convince everybody that it is worth to do this. this was our aim and i still think that it has beesomething like a miracle to have the

possibility of doinghis inside a tube station. >> reporter: prosperetti now has similar plans for the mo recent discovery. the commander's home and barracks, th their mosaic floors and frescos, have been removed for safety and restoration. but they'll eventually be reassembled in the same place they were discovered, and displayed inside the new amba aradam station, scheduled to open in 2021. meanwhile, the digging continues. is there one spot that you have yet to dig where you expect to make even more discoveries?he >>enter of rome. because we are now approaching the very center of rome, the part that in the roman times was called campo marzio in which all the republican imperial rome was. we have great expectations.

>> this is "pbs newshour weekend," saturday. >> sreenivasan: for severaor years, "orps" has been recording and sharing real experiences from people and their extraordinary stories. with valentine's day approaching, here's an animated version of jay and andrea mcknight's love story that all began with a song. ♪ ♪ >> one day she was by herself. i sa i'm going to ta to her now. as a young guy you drop your voice. i said, "hi, how you doing?" >> which made me nervous. >> it was to impress. >> you remember the thing that impressed the thing about you? we were on the bus coming from the movies, and it started thundering and pored down rain. getting off the bus, there wa a puddle and you took your shirt off and layed it down. i was finished. finished! you hear? >> we actually wanted to get

married, but everybody in her family wanted to kill me. so our parents got together and talked. >> it was a talk and a half. you had to come speak to my grandmother? >> i was scared and she was terrified, but we did get married. >> we did. >> i was no bed of roses to live m th. because n entertainer. there is a lot of temptation out there, a lot. but i said, "when you get as pretty as my fe, then we'll talk." >> why do you think we lasted as wng as we did? like the same things. cowboy movi we're crazy about them. that's why we get along so well because we have a lot in common. seriously. >> i think because we grew up together. >> did you ever think we would grow gether? >> i never thought i would grow old to start off>>. kay. >> people still look at us sometimes, you're still holding hands. that's right. >> our children say that to us. >> but no other woman in the world ever moved me, and i'll always love you, nomatter.

what. >> sreenivasan: join us tomorrow when we return to winnsboro, south carolina to see what fter walmart left town three years ago. that's all for this edition of" pbs newshour weekend." i'm hari sreenivasan. thanks for wating. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made

possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and plip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. ithe j.p.b. found rosalind p. walter. g arbara hope zuckerberg. corporate fund provided by mutual designing customized individual and group retirement products. that's why we're you retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. m e. pbs.

diep tran: i think people aretn aware of vese cuisine, and most people don't want that cuisine to change or don't want to have their understanding of the cuisine to change. because the cuisine is changing all the time. the idea of a, like, this unifying national cuisine, vietnamese cuisine, it doesn't exi. really, it truly doesn't exist. even a unified vietnamese identity doesn't exist. [dings] like, it's nd of like saying italians--defined by tomatoes and olive oil. what people see as essential, it's because they're looking from like an outsider's point of view, and it's not granular. cause once you go granular, it's so varied that you can't he a unifying national cuisine. i really truly believe that there's nothing essential about any cuisine.