captioning sponsored by newshour pductions, llc oo >>uff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, a tentative deal-- lawmakers ce to a compromise on immigration, but president trump will not sai if h sign it to avoid another government shutdown. then, guzman is guilty. the mexican drug lord known as "el chapo" is convicted on all counts in u.s. federal court. plus, one year after the tragedy in parkland, florida, schools a are turning nymous tip- lines to prevent future tragedies. >> here's what i know, i know that we've been doing this for three weeks. i kn that we've gotten almos 2400 tips. i know that 900 of them were life safety tips. people didn't have an outlet to go to before to share this information. now they do. >> woodruff: all thaand more

on tonight's pbs newshour. f >> mding for the pbsee newshour has bprovided by: >> on a cruise with american cruise lines, you can experience histic destinations along th mississippi river, the columbia river and across the united states. american cruise lines fleet of small ships explore american landmarks, local cultures and calm waterways. american cruise lines, proud sponsor of pbs newshour. >> text night and day. >> catch it on replay. >> burning some fa >> sharing the latest viral cat! >> you can do the things you like to do with a wireless plan designed for you. with talk, text and da consumer cellular. learn more at

consumercellular.tv >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbo stfrom viewers like you. thank you. >> woodruff: they now have a deal in congress security at the southern border, after weeks upon weeks of an impasse. the question now is: will the story end with a presidential signature, or another partial government shutdown? white house correspondent yamiche alcindor begins our coverage. >> i can't say i'm happy. i can't say i'm thrilled.

g built.wall is gett >> alcindor: a new deal. and a president weighing his options. today, at the white hous president trump made it clear: he's not quite sold on a bill to avoid another shutdown. >> am i happy at first glance? i just got to see it. the answer is no. i'm not. i'm not happy. but am i happy with where we're going? i'm thrilled. because we're supplementing things and moving things around and we're doing things that are fantastic and taking from far lessmportant areas. the bottom line is we're siilding a lot of wall. >> alcindor: the pnt stopped short of all out rejecting the bipartisan plan. he also hinted that he doesn't want to allow government funding to run out this friday. >> i don't think you're going to see a shutdown. i wouldn't want to go to it, no. if you did have it its the democrats' fault. >> alcindor: mr. trump also left open the possibility he may still declare a national emergency. if approved, the bipartisa agreement would nd the

government through the current fiscal year, which ends september 30th. the deal includes nearly $1.4 billion for 55 miles of someso of a barrier. that structure that would to be built in the rio grande valley ofexas. that money is only a fraction of the $5.7 billion president trump demanded for his wall. it's ao far less than the0- 2,le border wall he'd insisted on during his presidential campaign. >>te will build a great, gr wall. and mexico will pay for that wall.ex >> alcindor: mico has repeatedly refused to pay for the wall. the president has also failed to get congress to foothe entire bill. but, last night at a rally in er paso, texas, hised to make the wall happen. >> just so you know, we're building the wall anyw m! >> alcindonwhile, democrats also made concessions. they wouldn't give the president money for a concrete wall but deal can be used for ste slats. that comes after speaker nancy pelosi repeatedly said she would not give the president one dollar for a border wall. a

>> a wall immorality! it's not who we are as a nation. does anybody have any doubt? we are not doing a wall! >> alcindor: aside from the wall, democrats also dropped n their demand for a cap oe number of immigrants taken into custody from inside the u.s. funding cuts could still reducer the numbf beds for detainees, from more than 49,000 to about 45,000. but the money could also best tched to house more timmigrants which is what president wants.ng the emer deal does not address daca recipients-- immigrants brought to the u.s. illegally as children. it also leaves out about 300,000 immigrants with temporary protected status. that group is made up ple who fled their home countries because of violence and natural lsaers. still, after thegest government shutdown in u.s. history, 35 days, both parties appeared more willing to compromise. republican senator richard shelby of alabama was the lead republican negotiator. >> we made some concessions buta

got some t we believe that the caucus will support this. i believe the house will support it and we hope that thell president upport it and as >> alcindor: to that, the senate's top democrat chuck schumer added a warning to the white use. >> we must not have a rerun of what happened a few months back where legislators, democrat and republican, house and senate, agreed and president trump pulled the rug out from under the agreement and caused a shutdown. no one gs everything they want in these agreements. the president must sign it and not, not, not causanother shutdown. >> alcindor: meanwhile, conservative voices, like fox news host sean hannity, immediately criticized the deal. >> $1.3 billion? that's not even a wall, a barrier. any republican that su gorts thisbage compromise, you will have to explain. i >> alcindoigration activists also criticized the

deal for allowing some money to go towards new barrier for now, though, lawmakers are waiting for the president's decision and fleshing out the language of the bill.ic >> woodruff: y joins me along with our congressional correspondent lisa desjardins. y >> woodruff: aiche joins me now along with our congressional correspondent lisa desjardins. welcome both of you. lisa, i'll start with you. both republicans andclemocrats arming victory here. what do we know about who got what they wanted? >> rig there's a lot of spin and there's some truth to what's going on tonigfi. let's talt of all the big-ticket item was the wall, as yamiche reported, $1.375 billion. democrats like the point out, that's just a little bit morane ancy pelosi said she offered last year, $1.3 billion. let's go to tcoe more mplex matter, that is the detention etaineesthe number of this bill would fund. let's start by explaining this, first of all, what the deal does. as yamiche reported, it ldu fund 45,000 average daily detainees for a year, that's the average populati for a yea democrats say what they got out of that was a decrease from the

current number detainees in 4 custody, avera000. they got a shift down. republicans look at it this way actually, it's an increase from what the average daily funding was last year, whi was 40,000 detainees. so it's fun with math in a way depending on how you look at it. the best voice on the hill was mdick durbin who to frankly, that was a wash. essentially the number of detainees may be about the same and the president does have the ability to pull from her funds potentially or try to raise that fnding on his own. >> woodruff: all right. interesting how th look at these numbers some yamiche, the president didn't get all the money he was askg for, but he did get some border security funding. and yet he still has reservations. why? >> the president ultimately wants to look like the biggest winner coming out of thi and o wants to keep that facade that he's the a the deal writer, that he's someone who knows how to make deals.

ceral to that is this idea of the wall. the president is happy he can say i got f $1.4 billir my wall. and democrats are saying, well, he didn't really get any money for his wall. you can't go for crete walls with this money. the president is saying this is the kind of argument i want to have because a few weeks ago during the shutdown, the president said, i'm compromise with you. i'll change the materials for the wall i want. democrats said, that's absolutely a non-starter. now fast forward a couple weeks, that's argument we' havin and the president is saying, i can now build. so the other thing that's portant, both sides seem to be mad about this. on the conservative side, you have conservative voices saythi, deal is pathetic. it's an insult to the president. on the democratic de and on the liberal side, i have activists that are texting me saying, ncy pelosi said she wasn't going to give $1 for this wall and now she is. then the president is also looking further down the line and saying, if i don't get this money for the wall and all the money i wanted, the $5.7 million, i can sgn this and declare a national emergency and

pull money from others areas. it's tricky whether or not he will be able to do tha but that's what the president is thinking about as he weighs hisi s here. >> woodruff: lisa, we are three days away from when congress is supposed to come tos sot of an agreement on funding. when do we think we'll see the actual language in this legislation or pieces of legislation, and what are the titails that we're wa for? >> the only reason we have these details is because people are erlling reporters like yamiche and i. are no documents at all yet. we bereave we should see the full bill tooumorrow. it be late tomorrow. so then you get to the point where you have two days until the deadline until friday, and judy, this bll is an extraordinary bill. it is seven appropriations bills all together. we're talking abou800 pes of legislation, and this is one reason that you don't hear everyovo saying how they'lte yet, because there is concern that there could be some surprises in these bills. there also will be some things that we don't know the details of yet, like increases in immigration judges. we don't know where they will come down on that. so let's say we gee bill

tomorrow night. then we could expect massybe e thursday, friday, and it's going to go close to the deadline. one positive sign foreople who don't want a shutdown, which is most everyone, congress is planning to recess week. >> woodruff: so finally, yamiche, what is next onhis whole question of border security? and what's next with regard togr imion reform, which is what this is a piece of? >> well, this ultimately isto goinome down to the president deciding to make a decision and then making a otdecision of whether orhe wants to stick with that decision. the last shutdown happened because the president made a decision and then changed hih mind some if president does that again, we could have a shutdown still. the other thing to note is the president could derail this by adding things to the bill. the president from the whitee hoday said, well, i like this bill, but i want to maybe change some things. we're not sure if that means he wants to change things by declaring a national emergency and spending money, or send the changes up to the hill, which could be a different issue. he also wants to pull money from

different pots. that could be challenged in the courts, and th could be tied for months or even yea. other than the idea of these other immigrants, i went to ag meetith p.t.f. holders today. a lot of them came from around the country today to lby on the hill and to also protest. temporary protected status. these are immigrants who tom the united states because of hurricanes or natural disasters. they were on the hill prtesting outside the white house. they say, don't forget about us. we didn't want to be tieto the wall because we think that's a political issue, but we have real issues here. we might be deported come june or july, and we need to figure out what's going to happen there. so i talked to a lot oeo pe who are very, very worried about whether they will go back back countries they don't remember >> woodruff: with regard to taking money from other pots, that's one question i posed to senator patrick leahy, who was part of the final negotiations. we'll fear about that in w minutes.

yamiche alcindor, lisak desjardins, thu both very much. >> woodruff: in the day's other news, the notorious mexican drug lord joaquin guzman, "el chawa," found guilty on all counts in his federal drug trafficking trial in new york. he had spent decades smuggling vast quantities of drugs into the u.s. as head of the sinaloa cartel. today, federal prosecutors la three-month trial.er a >> this conviction is a victory for the american people who have suffered so long and so much while guzman made billions pouring poison over our southern border. this conviction is a victory to the mexican peop who have lost more than a 100,000 lives in drug related violence.uf >> woo guzman now facesde decas in prison. we'll have an in-depth look at the verdict and its implications, later in them. prog

the u.s. senate has approved ali sweeping plands bill, 92 d eight. the measure would million acres of protected wilderness, expand several national parksou and createnew national monuments. the bill now goes to the house. the man who seed longer in congress than anyone in history, john dingell, was remembered today in the city that knew him best.em the michiganrat represented the dearborn area for 59 years before retiring in 2014. today, fmer vice president joe biden eulogized dingell, and recalled his long role in shaping the nation's laws. >> look behind our page ine history and th is-- there he is. john's holdinghe gavel when medicare passes in the house. i remember john and i standing next tpresident obama; john's sitting next to him i'm standing

to the right; as we signed the affordable care act. >> woodruff: bad weather in michigan prevented some 60 lawmakers from flying in to dearborn for the funeral. their plane turned back, but they held an impromptu, mid-air service instead.wi dingel be buried thursday at arlington national cemetery, after a washington service. t the same stormhat disrupted the congressional flight to michigan, also lashepemuch of the midwest. parts of wisconsin, iowa and otminnesota got up to a fof snow overnight and into today, fouling roads and stranding drivers. the pacific northwest also got more rain and snow. it was the third storm to hit washington state this month, and it closed schools and businesses around seattle and elsewhere. in slovakia, secretary of state mike pompeo warned tod of sing russian and chinese

influence, 30 years after the collapse of communism in eastern europe. pompeo stopped at the gate of freedom memorial in bratdilava. it is ted to slovaks who died attempting to flee communist czechoslovakia. later, at a news conference, the secretary issued his warning. >> russia is not the only nation that seeks to erode sovereignty and freedom in europe. i raised in my meeting with the foreign minister the need to guard against china's economic and other efforts to cre dependence and manipulate your political system. ourwant to make sure tha friends and allies, our nato partners, those that are inside of the e.u., we want to make sure that they're aware of those risks and that's our task. >> woodruff: pompeo is on a five-nation european tour. he travels to poland tomorrow. a top british official today condemned an attack on a bbc kemeraman at a trump rally. a man wearing a merica great again hat violently pushed the meraman at the event in

paso, texas last night. the british foreign secretary called it unacceptable. late a white house statement said president trump wants rally goers to brespectful and peaceful. ark kelly willut run for the u.s. senate in arizona, as a democrat. he says he hopes tchallenge republican martha mcsally, in november, to fill out the la john mccain's term. mcsally was appointed to the seat last year. kelly has campaigned for gun control since his wife, formern congresswobrielle giffords, was severely wounded in 2011. california governor gavin newsom is killing plans to build a high-speed rail line betweend os angeles ann francisco. he announced it today in his first state of the state address, sing the project is way over budget, at $77 billion, and years behind schedule.

instead he's looking at a cene between twral valley cities, bakersfield and the national debt passed $22il on today. that is $2 trillion more than when presidece trump took , and is due in part towa and, o street, the tentative border security deal in congress fueled a broad-based rally. e dow jones industrial average gained 372 points to close at 25,425. the nasdaq rose 106 points, and the s&p 500 added nearly 35.to stilome on the newshour: we talk to a senator that n immigrationeal to avoid the shutdown. a guilty verdict in the trial of joaquin "el chapo" gman. an on-the-ground report from a crisis-torn venezuela, and much more.

>> woodruff: we return now to our top story: the biptisan agreement reached by lawmakers to avoid another partial government shut down. i spoke with democratic senator patrick leahy of vermont. he played a key role in brokering the compromise. but are mocrats happy with the outcome? >> well, the compromise, nobody gets everything they want.is as something republicans and democrats worked extraordinarily hard oho, both the and the senate. we did the last couple weeks almost every evening, through the weekend, and finally it came to afinal agreement in my office in the capitol last evening. we all had tvo gie something, but we've got a good deal for america. and it might no be a eat deal for one person or another politicall but we want to get the best deal for america. >> woodruff: so, senator, we understand the report is there $1.37 billion in funding for

a border barier, something like 55 miles of barrier. president trump is saying that's not enough, that plans to use other methods to come up with money, maybe they're saying as much as $1.8 bilonn addition to this from other sources. ocrats aremething dem going to go along with? >> well, the president also gave his solemn word during the t campaiat it wouldn't make any difference how much we spent because mexico would pay for it. that never happene h thgave his word that there would be a solid, coast-to-coast stonewall or cement wall. of course, that's not going to happen. think what we tried do is put barriers where ikes sense but do all the other things that make sense, for example, most of the drugs come through ports of. en

have better detection equipment, x-ray machines and others, detect it. a wall won't do anything to stop that. a well-trained agent and equipment can do it. we're trying to be realistic. w ts to be rhetorical. i'll take realism to rhetoric any time. >> woodruff: but if the president does take funds from the designated for other sources and uses that money instead to build a rder, a physical barrier at the border, are democrats going to try to stop him? >> well, ohe dn't realize it, but it's very limited where he can pull money from. what's he going to do, take it from the military? the military needs more money. he's going to take it from infrastructure or repairing our roads, which are ha bad spe? is he going the take it from opioids?

he's sayinwe have to do something about the opioid crisis.ar the area very limited. if he goeinto the homeland security bill, is he going the take it from the electronicen equi the night vision, all the other things that arore bder security people tell us they really need. i'll put this on a waloel? it't make any sense. >> woodruff: my question is are democrats going to let that happ? >> well, we would certainly object it to, but i nk republicans would, too. you have to reprogram the money. i don't know many republicans o democrats e willing to reprogram the money. and if heit take anyway, then he's got a real court challengef >> woo senator, democrats earlier were saying they wouldn't go along with aa dollar forysical barrier. we mow speaker pelosi said that. now it's up to $1.37 billion.

republicans are sayeingmocrats caved. >> no, we gave him the same amount of money we said last. ye of course, the president shut down th government, costing america $10 billion, because we offered around $1.3. now, a month and a half later, after all the stress and strain and family disruutions the wn caused and the $10 to $11 billion it cost our country, he says, y, i'm going to accept what you gave us last time. democrats have always insisted on this ballpark. they've always insisted on $5 million. we compromised last night in my office with the figure we have. >> woodrf: senator, you als know that house speaker nancy pelosi had said not a dollar, nothing for a border. i guess my question is: if that was going to be the position

you'd goalong with this muh money, why not do it earlier? why go through theu shtdown? >> we did it earlier. we voted for it earlier. and he still had the shutdown. so when the republicans were in charge of both the housend senate, that's what we did, an almost unanimous vote in the senate. he still shut down the government. there is nothing that... if he's going to shut down the government for the amount the republicans gakn him, i don't why speaker pelosi or anybody else would say, oh, here, we're sorrywe don't want to upset you, we'll give you more money. the fact is that's the amunt of money everybody said he would get. that's the amount of money he's going to get. >> woodruff: from the other side of the political spectrum, libemocrats like new york congresswoman oco-cortez said, "trump is not building a

wall. he's building detention camps for kids, and we're falling for it." >> well, i bush she would spend some time in the committees and listen to the debate by both republicans and mocrats. it's more complex than that. we're actually cutting the detention beds from around 5,000 toloser to 4,000. the other thing we need, very, very much, are imgration judges so we can expedite the reening of these people. we put that money in there. now, she or anybody is free to vote against the money for ioids, vote against the immigration judge, vote against lthe limitations on the l. i'm not going to criticize d anybodocrat or republican who votes for or against it. hat this is something republicans and democrats came together. we agreed on this deal late last night, and i think it's a good one. >> woodruff: senator patrick

leahy of vermont, who was part of the final negotiations on this border agreement. thank you, senator. >> thank you, judy. >> woodruff: after a nearly three month trial in new york that showed the inner workings of his drug cartel, the kingpin known as el chapo was found guilty by a jury today, and now faces life in prison. nick schifrin has more on today's verdict and whether it will affect the wider drug trade. >> schifrin: today's verdict came after years of arrests, dramatic escapes from prison and international manhunts for el chapo, whose real name is joaquín guzmán. prosecutors saidhat during guzman's reign, the sinaloa cartel b most prolific drug trafficking organization in the world. throughout the trial, attorneys revealed new details about the hefinancing and history of cartel, its role in a number of

murders d how it sent vast amounts of cocaian, heroin, meth synthetic drugs into the u.s. for decades el chapo himself, they said, made nearly $14 billion in illicit profits. the jury deliberated for six days before delivering its verdict. his defense lawyers, said they o ever faced a case with sny cooperating witnesses and so much evidence." but they also said they plan to appeal. noah hurowitz has been covering the trial for "rolling stone" and joins me now. thanks so much for being on the can you tell us about the scene in the courtroom today and how el chapo responded to the verdict? >> i mean, we've been waiting now for about a week or a little over a week for the verdict to come, and when it finally came, there was mad dash upstairs. everybody had to go through this t.s.a.-style security checkpoint just to get into the courtroom. and then once we settled in, guzman came in. he has been in pretty good spirits in the last weecak,

e every day that the jury deliberated was another day that he didn't have to be in solitary confinement. but when the verdict finally came, he did seetm a litle bit crestfallen, although he tried to signal hope to his wif who was sitting in the second row of the gallery. he gave hle a little smia nod, a thumbs-up before being led away. nick>> schifrin: from the outsie this seemed like an open-and-shut case. why do you think it took the jury more than a week? >> the actual charges were pretty compression. so there were just a lot evidence to go over, you know, a sort of complexity to the actual charges. and, you know, you had three months of testimony. like you said, we had4 cooperating witnesses, each of them talking about a different phase of guzmaán's life, a different part of his career, and, you know, dozens of law enforcement witnesses. so all of this together just was a lot to go over, and the jury really took their time with it.

>> schifrin: guzmaán is notorious, but as you mentioned, you learned a lot about phases of his fe and his career. what was most surprising? >> the most shocking part of testimony i think from being there the whole time was there was a witness wh told us just horrific tales of violence. he described how guzmaán personally tortured and executed several rival cartel members and brought us right there. you know, he brought the jurors right there. and during that timony, more so than any time during the whole tria the jurors, some of them had just... they were estaring at theiret. you could hear a pin drop. i think that day was the most shocking, because throughout it all, we got a sense of guzman as a person, but never before had

we really heard ofofhat level violence or brutality. and the details in that testimony were just shocking. and it was interesting, because the murders were only small part of the case. he wasn't actually charged with murder, but that was part of the continuing criminal enterprise,a but i think really helped, you know, jureors se el chapo in this new, brutal light that was eluded at tis by the more business-like aspect of the cartel operitions. >> sch and those cartel operations are notorious. what did we learn about how the sinaloa cartel works? >> well, these witnesses really brought us inside the sinaloa cartel, starting from the beginning, you know, really right up until the end. we learned details about how they trafficked cocaine, howt they deith rivals, how theyns made connectith suppliers in colombia, and reat,lly jus you know, the day-to-day

operations. we learned about how el chapo lived his life in the mountains when he was in hiding between 2001 and 2014. an we learned a lot about how hc commed and how he was able to direct the day-to-day operations of the cartel from afar. and a lot of this was stuff that really hadn't been known before. a lot of this was stuff that had to be described by insiders. >> schifrin: what can we take ilty verdict about not only the future of this cartel but the future of the drug trade from the united states southern board entire the united states? >> well, what this tells us is that the u.s. is willing to and able to prosecute drug lords from other countriesowever powerful. however, younow, the leadership of the sinaloa cartel is relatively intact. there's no stop to the drugs

flowing across the bder. recently federal agents made the largest seizure of fentanyl in history on the arizona border. you know, there is just -- these individual cartel leaders may be fallible and they may be lnerable to arrest and extradition to the united states, but it doesn't seem like this, the prosecution and theti conv of el chapo, has really done anything at all to stem the tide of drugs flwing into the u.s. >> schifrin: noah hurowitz with "rolling stone," thank you verysouch. >> thankuch for having me. >> woodruff: stay with us, coming up onhe newshour: attempting to make schools safer with anonymous tipines. and a new investigation reveals a predatory doctor sexuall abused boys on an indian

reservation for years. tens of thousands took to the streets of venezuela todaynd deg aid be allowed to flow into the country, as the potical and humanitarian crisis there deepens by the day. with the support of the pulitzer center, special correspondent nadja drost and videographer bruno federico report he capital, caracas. >> reporter: for years now, ennezuelans have hit the streets calling for presnicolas maduro to go. this morningthousands gathered with a relatively new name on their mind: juan guaido. this plaza country on a knifes edge, in now, the possibility of someone other than president maduro ruling the country led these throngs to heed the call of self-appointed interim president juan guaido to demonstrate. their goal: to apply pressure on the venezuelan military to def president maduro's orders and

r.low shipments of humanitarian aid over the borde >> ( translated ): i want maduro to leave and for guaido to ter. everyone wants guaido. why? because everyone wants a change. >> reporter: venezuelans keep adapting their lives to a crisis that only worsens. the line to get on a bus grows longer every day.th number of working buses has plummeted: there's no money to import the parts to keep them running. hyperinflation reaching one miion percent last year ha made food and basic goods completely unaffordable for the average venezuelan. a hamburger at a food stand costs just over the monthly minimum wage. most affected by the high food pric are the poor, who have also been the base of support for the late, former leader hugo chavez, and his successor maduro. but in the traditionally pro- government hillside barrio of la ga, the graffiti, fuera maduro, out with maduro, signals the shift. at this community kitchen, mothers take turns cooking for the neighborhood's children,

using food donated by a member of the opposition. residents here aret used to charity from an opposition with a reputation historically for rcving little interest in the poor, but judith aia says they're happy to receive the food. the mothers feed 110 children every weekday. >> ( translated ): there are children who come from school esd this is their first meal of the day, and somett's their last. >> reporter: another mother, laura mendoza, gives kids iron supplements. mendoza lives up the s where she manages her own mily's kitchen, cooking with an electric pot, in the same room where she shares a bed with her husbd and two children. her husband works at a gas station earning minimum wage, 18,000 bolivar a month, or around six dollars. is it enough to get by? >> ( translated ): not at all. because today, two poundof rice cost 3,500 bolivares. so do two pounds of flour. the same for pasta. butter is 5,000. >> reporter: her biggest stress

is her children. >> ( translated ): at least my children-- i don't want to cry. there's times when my kids go to bed without eating. >> reporter: nothing is worse for a ther. >> ( translated ): it's terrible. because my kids are hyperactive. but when they are hungry and i see them lying down, they have no energ all this because prices go up, and you can't buy. >> reporter: venuela's humanitarian crisis has long been denied by maduro. he rejects offers of international aid as a conspiracy to destabilize the government. the opposition has decided tta it upon themselves to bring humanitarian aid into the country.f tonsd donated by the u.s. government sit in the colombian city of cuta on the border th venezuela. but juan guaido and the opposition don't control the borders, and are appealing to the military to disobey maduro's order, and allow the aid in. but if aid doesn't get across the border, and the high expectations of needy

venezuelans aren't met, oppotion member of the national assembly, stalin gonzalez says sponsibility for blocking the aid lies with those in power and the armed forces. >> (anslated ): if they don't let the aid in, the people will cross the border to look for it, and if they do let it in, people should be able to get it through networks of volunteers who are mobilizing to distribute it. >> reporter: if aid manages to cross into venezuela, it's expected to help only 5,000 families in a country of 30mi ion, and likely won't reach people like laura mendoza in caracas. s in the meantim has to go out to gather water. her neighborhood hasn't received water in 10 months >> ( translated ): i take the bottles and carryingin my knapsack so i can fill them with water. >> reporter: but today, one ndneighbor' who has water her tap dry, another problem mendoza blames on maduro she used to consider herself a government loyalis feels deceived. >> ( translated ): they would send me to marches, to sign papers, wherever was needed,

i'd go. with the idea that i'd receive a house, because look at the situation i live in with my kids. but i never got the house. >> reporter: tired of waiting for solutis, mendoza says a change in government is long overdue. but she, like many here, was surprised when juan guaido suddenly declared hi president. the opposition says last yecr's eltion that returned maduro to power was a fraud, and though they have laid out a path to officially taking power, it remains unclear how they will convince maduro to cede it.>> anranslated ): we've got a ur mpl th whopo is usurpation of powe to create a transitional government, and hold free elections. this situation will become unblocked when maduro derstands that democracy requires the possibility of regime change. >> we stand with the venezuelan people in their noble quest for freedom and we condemn the brutality of the maduro regime,

whose socialist policies have turned that nation from being the wealthiest in south america into a state of abject povertyd anspair. >> reporter: the united states, along with 60 countries, have chosen to recognize guaido as venezuelas interim president. rhey all say it is time maduro to go. with needs and desperation at a high, many venezuelans arell wig to put their support behind guaido, or perhaps anyone who isn't maduro.a, for me this is her first time participating in anch opposition m >> ( translated ): enough of maduro doing what he wants with us. i'm here because i want new president. i'm ready to vote for whomoever to take over who isn't maduro, for real. the autiful revolution is over.ep

>>ter: he feels like venezuela is on the cusp of a new moment, but first the question is if this current limbo can be overcome. judy? >> woodruff: and so nadja, we know for a long time there have been uprisings in venezuela that made people think it was going to topple theaduro vernment, and for years people have thought that, you know, thisis is was going to get worse before it gotetter. does now feel like truly a different moment? >> you know, judy, it does feel like a different moment, although i hez -- hesitate to say that, because i feel that way every time i come to venezuela. it is constantly remarkable how much venezuelans can survive the crisis and keep on sustaining in what is a really impossible situation. elt a lot of venezuelans fe that now there is a lot of international attention on venezuela, far more so thanfo , and this government's days are numbered. >> woodruff: so nadja, we know the issue of getting humanitarian aid into

country is right now being hotly debated. how do you see that bei played out? >> well, it's interesting, judy, because the humanitarian aid is normally thought of as being purely humanitarian. but it has definitely turned into a political issue. the opposition is using the debate over humanitian aid to basically put maduro into a he doesn't have any good options. if he allows te opposition to bring aid into the country, he's basically ceding control over territory that. doesn't look good for him. if he accepts the aid, he's acknowledging that there is a humanitarian crisis in the country, which is something he has consistently denied. i think that now theestion is how much infrastructure and ability does the opposition ve to actually receive the aid and distribute it throughout the country. there are criticisms that the

opposition is raising expectations of a lot of needy venezuelans out this humanitarian aid and they don't, in fact, have the infrastructure or capacity to distribute it if they receive it. and i think that if they find that they are in a position toid distributend don't do it well, they will lose a lot of credibility. >> woodruff: nadja drost reporting for us from caracas. thank you, nad>>ja. hank you. >> woodruff: it was one year ago this week, that a gunman opened fire at marjory stoneman douglas high school in parkland florida, killing 17 students and educators. since that time there has been a push for securing schools, arming teachers, tighter gun laws. schools and districts are also increasingly turning to anonymous tip lines, to

encourage students to report any concerns. the latest state to jump onboard is pennsylvania. special correspondent, lisaf stark,r partner "education week," went to see how it's t,rking, for our weekly education segmenaking the grade. >> reporter: inside this cramped, temporary office, sits the nerve center of pennsylvania's new eff make schools safer. >> hi ryan, this is dawn at the safe to say program. >> reporter: here 24/7, analystp are handlingfrom the state's safe2say something program. barely a month o, the program encourages students, teachers, parents to report threats of violence, self-harm, any safety concern, anonymously, through a cellphone app, 800 number or website. >> could you please check on her well being. >> reporter: the pennsylvania legislature approved the e program, and nry school in the state, public and private, must sign on. attorney general josh shapiro's

office is in charge. >> students have a right in this smmonwealth and in this country to go to school ine environment. one of the things we've learned inaw enforcement is often times the best way to keep them safe is to give them an outlet to share information, to share tips. >> there are tee ways to submit your tip. >> reporter: schools are in the midst of a massive eort to train teachers and hundreds of thousands of middle and high school students on how to useti the app line, with the help of the non-profit sandy hook promise. >> some statistics givus by sandy hook promise. f know that in a majority school violent acts that there are warning signs, signals and threats ahead of tim >> reporter: sandy hook promise, started by some parents whose children were killed at sandy hook elementary school in 2012, has long stressed that schools shootings can be prevented. >> being bullied, the obsession with guns, even posting on instagram about shooting up then school, i meone said anything.

i'm sure tomorrow somebody will wish they had said something. >> reporter: the hope that an app, simple to use and anonymous, will encourage students to report what they've overheard in the hallways,r en online. acat's not easy say seniors aunna rubacha and smacher. >> a lot of people might feelt that it's eir place to say anything, or they'll think, oh, somebody else will report ite it doesn't h be me. >> it's hard to go behind someone's back and like you're dog it in a nice way, you' doing it for their protection, but it also takes a lot of courage. >> reporter: educators and safety experts say it's critical to change th mindset to stress that reporting a concern is not snitching. superintendent brian uplinger. >> what needs to be in pce for kids to want to use app? >> knowing these is going to be a reso the question or the concern they brought forward, knowing that there is someone ot thr end of that app that is going to respond and take care of situation that they are

reporting. >> reporter: so how does the system work? administrator matt labuda with the northern york stunty school ct showed us. so that's what a student would see. >> this is what anyone who submit a tip would see. you simply just click submit a ti >> reporter: and that's where brittney kline and her team come in. >> i have a group of analysts who received the tip, they reviewed the tip, they analyze the tip information and determine what type of tip it is. passed onto districts and if is necessary, police, day or night. the chlenge: making sure that tip is acted on. d that not happen in parkland, where numerous tips pointing to a school shooter were dismissed or ignored by local law enforcement, the f.b.i. and school officials. olin pennsylvania, each scnd district is required to have a team to resolve toe tips to try ake sure nothing is missed. although tip lines were created becae of concerns over schoo

shootings, they are much more likely to gereports about, bullying, suicide, alcohol and drug use than they are about possible school violen that's true in pennsylvania so far as well. this tipster is concerned th she might be harming herself again at this time. folks who have studi tip lines say they have a lot of promise, but there's not a lot of evidence they've stopped school violence. how do you respond to that? >> here's what i know, i know that we've been doing this for three weeks. i know that we've gotten almost 2400 tips. i know life safety tips.ere people didn't have an outlet to go to before to share this information. now they do. >> reporter: and shapiro points out they did receive a tip, about a possible school shooting. the tip ca from two middle school students in the hazleton district. city police chief jerry speziale. >> in the middlef the night, a safe2say tip came in that there is a 14 year old boy who is going to come in tomorrow and shoot e school up.

>> reporter: officers headed to the student's home. >> the officers were able to see deis .45 caliber glock load fully, on a nightstand, accessible to that juvenile. >> reporter: the gun was confiscated, the student suspended, until an investigcoion determined ents posted by the student online were likely related to a vio game, not a school shooting. civil rits groups worry about students who may be wrongly or even falsely aused. attorney general shapiro says fewer than one percent of tips have been bogus. >> if you file a tip that is knowingly fraudulent, you can be prosecuted for that, and we wila that very, very seriously. >> reporter: in the hazleton case, the tip wasn't made-up,bu turned out to be mistaken. boe asked school district police chief edward harry the consequences for the student, ooo faced police questioning and missed days of s

>> it's a necessary il. we all know what's going on in our country today, we can't take chances. we need to take everything seriously. while we may get 20 tips that turn out to be unfounded, it's that one tip that comes in in that we may stop somebody, something from happening, that makes all that wth it. >> reporter: many others agree. at least 19 states now have systems to encourage reporting of school safety concerns, and at least seven others are developing them. some states who've had tiplines r a while, say they have help prevent credible threats. >> it's sad that we have to get to the point where we have to put these things in place to ensure our student's safety. >> reporter: superintendent eric eshbach oversees the northern york county district, which started its own website for tips a yeargo. gracen used that website, worried that a friend was at risk of harming herself. >> i feel li you have to go with your gut. if you feel like seone is in

danger or endangering someone icallyit should be autom reported without hesitation. i never want to think back and say i regret not doing anything, that's my worst fear. >> reporter: tip lines, along with metal detectors, school resource officers, restricd entries, are all tangible signs of school security. >> everyone can point tothem and say look, look what we did. >> reporter: amanda klinger, with the educators school safety network, says what's more important is the tougher work of helping educators create a school climate where students feel wcomed and accepted. >> school safety is the work that needs to be incorporated into the educational practice of every educator. it's nuanced work. it takes time, it takes you know, professional development, it takes money. that's really critical work, but way easier to say look what we did, we installed a tip line. >> reporter: superintendent eshbach agrees. >> there is nothing more powerful than the reships that we build with our students that make them feel comfortable

to come forward and say, i'm concerned about myself, i'm concerned about another student, i'm concerned about this situation. no tip line, no security guard can ever eclipse the importance of those relationships. >> reporter: perhaps the best tip of all. for "education week" and the pbs newshour, i'm lisa stark in dillsburg, pennsylvania. >> woodruff: later tonight on pbs, "frontline" and the "wall j strernal" present an investigative report into the american indian health service. "predator on the reservation" focuses on the dades-long failure to stop a government pediatrician who had been accused of sexlly abusing native american boys in his care onhe blackfeet indian reservation in montana.

>> reporter: the reservation's only hospital was run by the. c> brangham: h.s., which struggled to find rs. mary ellen was the hospital's c.e.o. at the time. >> he had been without a pediatrician for a while, so here comes the new doctor. all i cowad think of he looks comfort. he was young. he just seemed like he would be a good fit for us. >> reporter: e of the first things dr. weber did is help expand the hospital's yoth outreach programs. >> they were talking about we want to do something in the school. we have some programs that wold blend really well with the school. i ju thought, wow, here's something that the hospital can do for community. we'll put dr. weber out there in the community. >> almost from the start

concerns began to emerge. ken davis is the chairman of the blackfleet tribe. but in 1992 he wor tked e hospital's facilities department. >> the green hose105, that's the one weber was in. ob reporter: part of his was to inspect government-owned reuses, including the one whe dr. weber lived alone. >> s w ialk through each house. i do the inspection of the roof, the floors, the walls, the window, the doors. i go through the became and check out for any leaks. and ient donstairs and i was like floored because of what i saw there. to me it was a signal of something that wasn't right.nt the man had a lot of food ems, candy, pop, cookie, and then toys, game, videos, gaes that boys would play with. i mean, it wasn't smitall. as stacks of stuff.

i mean, there were stacks. i mean, i'm a dad. i got eht boy, and i buy my kids stuff, but it's noedt sta up in the basement like that was. to me it signaled there is gsomething wrong with thy. >> woodruff: "predator on the reservation" airs tonight on most pbs stations. on the now, meg wolitzer, author of "the wife," our february pick for the newshour/"new york times" book club "now read is," shares writing advice and some of her favorite books. that's on our web site, pbs.org/newshour. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here hemorrow evening. for all of us atbs newshour, thank you and see you soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel.ua a la app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more.

>> the ford foundation. working with visionaries on the frontlines of sociale.hange worldw >> carnegie corporation of new york. supporting innovations in education, democratic engagement, and the advancemenal of internatieace and security. at carnegie.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions and individuals. >> this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by con station from viewers like you. thank you. po

captioningored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

♪ - this week on milk street, we do some quick asian dishes. we start with a vietnamese meatball and watercress soup, you can make it in less than half an hour; then a stir-fry chicken with handfuls of basil, it's great; and, finally, inspired by the cooking of burma, we do a coconut cashew cake, it's a one-layered cakees that redefhe meaning of dessert. so stay with us for some quick asian suppers right here at milk street. - funding for this series ll was provided by the foing.