captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> woodruff: good evening, i'm judy woodruff. on the newshour tonight, our rrespondent in venezuela sits down with juan guaido, whom the u.s. recognizes as the president, about the growing crisis in his country. then, on this president's day, a look at presidential powers, how the country's chief executives have increased the influence of the executive branch over the years. and, a conversatiowith composer terrence blanchard. his score for the film "blackkklansman" has beenfo nominatean academy award. >> the role of the music is to bring some of those intangible things to the fore. there are things that we don't, we can't put into words, there's emotions we can't really describe. you know, but the music is there to kind of help us experience

that. woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, te engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations inli new language spanish, french, german, italian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online.nf

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>> woodruff: president trump's declaration of a national emergency has generated new lash on this president's day. activists staged scatteredut protests todayde the white house and from coast to coast. they opposed takg executive action, over the heads of congress, to find more money d o buborder wall. several groups and states say they plan challenge the declaration in court.t the presidday blasted andrew mccabe, the former deputy f.b.i. director. on twitter, mrtrump said of mccabe: "he was fired for lying, and now his story gets even more deranged." mccabe had told cbs' "60 minutes" that firing f.b.i. director james comey may have been a criminal act, to block the russia investigati he also said again that current depu attorney general rod rosenstein talked of trying to

remove the president from office, in early 2017. rosenstein has denied that. president trump today accused both men of treasonous acts.na the north carotate elections director testified today that a republican political operative led an illegal ballot-harvesting operation on behalf of a congressional candidate in 2018. it came during the first day of a hearing into whether leslie mcrae dowless jr. tampered with absentee ballots in the state'st ninth dist republican mark harris holds a slim lead over democrat dan mccready, but the race has not been certified. president trump today called on venezuelan president nicolasow maduro to stepin a peaceful transition of power, but acknowledged "all options are on the table." he also called for maduro to allow blocked shipments of u.s. humanitarian aid into the country.

presidt trump spoke in miami, home to the largest venezuelan community in the u.s., and he gave this warning to maduro's supporters. >> i have a message for every official who is helping to keep maduro in place: the eyes ofhe entire world are upon you today, every day and every day in the future. you cannot hide from the choice that now confronts you. >> woodruff: we'll have an interview with venezuela's opposition leader, juan ge uaid, after ws summary. in haiti, government offices ang businesses reopening after more than a week of violent anti-government prests. that comes as haitian newspapers reported the overnight arrests of heavily-armed foreign nationals, including some u.s. itizens.s, including some u.s. hundreds of thousands of demonstrators have taken to the streets since february 7th t ro demand tignation of the country's president, jovenel moise. there is word of rising cyber-

attacks against s. companies and agencies. "the new york times" reports that chinese and iranian hackers are retaliating for the u.s. t imposiiffs and new sanctions. meanwhile, australia's prime minister today blamed what he called a "sophisticated state actor" for hacking parliament's computing netwk. he did not name the nation. more than 300 islamic fighters are refusing to surrender, in their lastiny bit of territory in eastern syria. activists said today the militants are trying to negotiate safe passage to a rebel-held area in northwestern syria. the isis fighters are holding hundreds of civilians as shields against a final assault by u.s.- cked kurdish forces. in yemen, warring parties have agreed to begin withdrawing forces from the vital port city of hodeidah. sittg on the red sea, it is the main entry point for

humanitarian aid and a lifeline for millions of yemenis facing starvation. the united nations says the saudi-backed government and the rebels, aligned with iran, agreed sunday on a mutual pull- back. and, the sailor an iconic image from the end of world war two, has died. george mendonsa passed away sunday in middletown, rhode island. the famous photo captured mendonsa randomly grabbing and kissing greta zimmer friedman, in new york's times square, on the day japan surrendered. upon his death, george mendonsa was two days short of turning 96 years old. greta zimmer friedman died in 2016, at age 92. still to come on the newshour:sa a convon with venezuela's aiposition leader, juan gudo. the effect of the latest government shutdown on the future of public service.

a look at the historical trend of presidential powers, and much more. >> woodruff: as you just heard, president trump again called for venezuelanresident nicolas maduro to step down and hand over power to juan guaido.e he is 35-year-old head of the national assembly who the united states and 60 other nations now recognize as the president of venezuela. shortly before mr. trump spoke, this afternod with the support of the pulitzer center, special correspoent nadja drost sat down with juan guaido in caracas.

>> reporter: what do you plan on doing if madur does not cede to the building venezuelan national pressure for him to step out of office? >> (through interpret) intenlz already decided for change, intenlz decided for the transition in the majority andng supported c it's undeniefnlt not just today with the mobilization in the streets, but also 2015, four years ago, wwhen we the national assembly which set t stage for me to become president of the assembly and become interimpr ident by constitution. it's important the world knows. this what we're debating i venezuela is how much for expensive is it going to behon venezuelans to lose more than 15 babies and children every day to mall nutrition and diseases that should have been eradicated li e mmalaria. tlyone deciding now how c it's going to be and how much pressure we have to exert to achiev many duro's departure

will be maduro. >> reporter:d ou've sail options are on the table and i'm wondering where you will draw the line in the sand if maduro does not step down from power would you think of the possibility of outsideilitary intervention? >> we have been saying all c tas are on tle, the necessary end to achieve the usurping the transitional government and free elections so that it gives ttability to country and lets us have elections as soon as possible. our constitution is clear, venezuelaians will authorize the use ofiolence, they will make the decision. obviously, no one wants to get to that int, but, again, it is maduro's choice to refuse something as elemental as manitarian aid. clear election. >> reporter: what do you do if venezuelaians do not allow for elections and he is still in

power? what is the next step? >> what we have done for years continue to gather political, social and international strength. we've sade importanttrides in this journey to gain trust from the people of venuela, to be certain we can adequately govern the country, that we he the plans available to get venezuela ahead and theeacking in th community. >> reporter: you are organizing to try to bring humanitari aid over the border into venezuela, the international red cross and other org sieftion a humanitarian nature have decided not to participate in this operation because they criticize it for using humanitarian aid as a tool to achieve a political end. how do you respond to thatcr icism? >> well, it's a bit of disinformaon of what is happening in venezuela. in venezuela, the level of poverty is over 85%. y ey don't live, they barely survive, especiahen the healthcare system has deteriorated. it's in shambles.

there's not even alcohol to disinfect a wound or an antibiotic. in venezuela, there's not enough food to feed the pop laismghts 60% of the population eats once a day. of course, because the origin of the problem is political, not wanting to help because the one usurping the presidency is a dictator and not allowing etpeoe to help, would be picking the side of the oppressor, would be taking the side of the one not allowing lives to be saved. >> reporter: if the military does not allow the aid to cross over the border, there is a possibility of a violent confrontation. is that cost worth it in order to be able t bring some temporary relief to a small number of venezuelaians in proportion to how many venezuelans need long-term humortariaou aid? areilling to take that risk in order to bring humanitarian aid across the boredder? >> it is worth i it's good for millions of children who are in need. besihes, we need to muster

strength for this situation to stop. this has been years in the making, years of mobilizations of political persecution, of more than a thousand political prisoners. persecutions and acycleees and the exiled, ask them if their sacrifice has been worth it. has been worth it. >> reporter: there are many options on the table for howht maduro mossibly leave office, are you willing, in an effort to reduce the possibility of violent confrontation, is the opposition willing to participate in a model of co-governance for a temporary transition period with maduro? >> the only one suggesting a violent confrontation is maduro, with his military aggressions pwhen he threatens us with snipers. we're going to continue the blueprint we followed for years if a way that's non-violent and peaceful. y want to slaughter the people, they have the weapons, sid they've already done it on some ocs. so having some sort of cooperation with maduro, it

seems not to mak sense. for there to be a transitional governnt, it seems maduro would have to be out of the scene. >> you've said there's no possibility of co-go with maduro for a temporary period. would youll be g to negotiate with him for him to leave office or accept elections? >> it's absolutely impossible to have a truly free election with someonewho, for years, has kidnapped and killed, who prohibits humanitarian aid. so it seems, atmo thint, it's not a path toward a free election, so that's not an option. >> reporter: everything is moving very quickly andhere have been a lot of add vanitiesments, and i'm curious how imptant was the support of the united states for you to be able to stand up and assume thef presidency venezuela? >> i think participation from

the united states has been decisive and has shown clear leadership with regard to our constitution, democracy and freedom. i think that's important for the region, not just for one country. i think today, in such globalized world, turning a blind eye toto a close neighbor in serious trouble has consequences. for us, determine cooperation from the u.s. is important as that from clommia brazil, chile, argentina, so many countries who have given theirng bac and cooperation. >> woodruff: juan guaido in that interview. maduro's allies are trying to hold on to power, and the vital issue of when, or whether, edmanitarian aid will be a into the country. >> woodruff: a seconral government shutdown may have been averted, but there are ill ripple effects from the one that ended just over three weeks ago.

in recent days, congress has been looking into how federal agencies ctinue to grapple with the effects of that shutdown. and as yamiche alcindor reports, the lingering effects exte to some with careers outside government. >> how do i plan for my daughter? how do i plan for myself? how do i plan for my other employees? d what do i tell them? >> alcindor: weeks ago, the government shutdown ended.na but lajuanussell is still feeling its impact. her consulting company's main clients are federal ag. the 35-day ordeal hit her business hard. it left russell feeling uncertain about the future. >> for some people it was only 35 days.fo me it was 35 days of revenue that we won't get back again. right? and 35 days of you know i had. as a small business you'rewa planning: for next year i want to be able to hire this corson or i want to be able to do this to make thany better. well nope because we don't know .how revenue is going to >> alcindor: congress spent last week trying to fure out the

scope of the shutdown's impact. one hearing looked at programs funded by the department of housing and urban development. >> another thing that we heard of was domestic violence shelters attempting to secure hud funding were locked out of the system. so why were they not able to access that?>> lcindor: another analyzed the federal aviation administrationor f.a.a. >> there's aircraft certification that didn't happen, there's pilot c and thtinues to add to the frustration. and, if our inspectors, and we've had a few already, say, we're leaving, we're going back to industry. it's going to be a shortfall of staffing. and with the academy being shut down, you can't train new inspectors, so it's a compounding problem. >> alcindor: the shutdown had far reaching impacts. immigration courts, already backlogged, got even further behind. judges say f cases already on the docket, that could add years of waiting. inspections of power plants and oil refineries by the environmental protection agency were also put on hold.li trees and wi at national parks, like joshua tree in

california, were damaged, some beyond repair. after weeks of talks, congress and thpresident reached a compromise to avoid another shutdown. gat russell is still worried it could all happen. >> we were really lucky all of our folks who were furloughed came back the day at it stopped. they came right back. and we breathed a sigh of rief. we were like woo. but if this happens again, i would. right? i would like-- it's the logical riing to do to say you know what this just isn't tht place for me. .his isn't, this isn't stable i need some financial security and stability for my family. i need to find something else. >> alcindor: still, russell feels an out of touch congress could mean an unstable future. for a broader look at the after- effects across the government, i'm joined by max stier. he heads the nonprofit"p tnership for public service." it focuses on issues affecting government operations and federapersonnel. thank you so much fog here.

last week, there were lots of celebrations because a government shutdown was averted, but therere stillmpacts from the longest shutdown in history, the 35-day ordeal. what are th the biggest aasting impacts of the last shutdown on workers? >> you are correct, we didn' get the second shutdown but we still have the impact to have the longest-ever shutdown that eill be for us for years to c and, bluntly, we have the possibility of future shutdowns, whether september 30th at the ebbed of this fiscal year o beyond. the damages are manifold. you did ath great job a opening of the segment listing some of them. the american public got hurt in whether it's the 40,000 immigration hearings that got canceled or 40,000 homes that couldn't be sold because fema couldn't do the flood insurance, whether it's the f.b.i. investigations that didn't happen or the f.t.c.'s investigation of facebook that got delayed, those damages are profound and the impact will be

a long tail to come. you also ve a real damage to the workforce itself. you had 800,000 people whwere t in an awful situation. these are mission-oriented people who are on their job because they want to make a difference and they were prevented from being ablto do so, and they didn't get a paycheck. we have lost a lot of that talent, penal are looking to glo others and, bluntly, there are fewer people thinking about ming into the governmen that's a big problem. one stat that i can't help but put on the table is you only have 5.9% of the workforce today is under age 30, a we didn't help ourselves by shutting down the government for 35 days. >> reporter: and there's lasting trauma from workers. tell me about that. >> you think about it, there is no other work you can do in which meone can tell you you must go to work or stay at homet but you'reetting a paycheck. these are essential people.s our gvernmente one tool for collective action tt has

the taxpayer and public resources behind it. when y shut down the government you are burning down your own house. no foreign ad adversary could do this. we've done it to ourselves >> reporter: the congressional budget office says the economy permanently lost $3 billion. larry kudlow, top economic advisor at the white house, says glitch.down was a what do you make to have at a assessments. >> no glitch. my guess is there's a lot more damage than $3 million. when you think about the cost to the people inside governnt, e cost to the ability of government to get the right people in seat to d ao these different jobs, that's going to be a tale that we're going feel for years to come. i.r.s. is talking about months if not years of work they will have to do to catch up. i mean, this was ati devas blow. what's really important here is it did not go away. yes, we averted another shutdown now but what we didn't do is solve the problem oftd sns

going forward and that's what we need to see happen. the news of the day changed. the damage of the shutdown has not, and we will face this agaia andgain and again, i d we't deal with the underlying budget issues really at stake here. >> reporter: some people think the pain of shutdow are the necessary cost because people need to feel the pain for there to be litical compromise. what do you think about that? >> i think it's a crazy gument. i news the metaphor burning down your own house. ca ought to know you tak of your house and have to burn it down in order to understand l theson. there are simple near-term fixes that can be done. an example would be to sy if the congress and president can't get their work done and get nd appropriations done, the default as a aontinuing resolution and not shutdown another example is they should not get paid and the federal workforce showvml td those are ings that could be changed, that should be changed, and i hope that congress will do that in the near here and now.

>> reporter: max stier, thank jyou so much forning us. >> thank you so much. >> woodruff: on this president's day holiday we're taking a look at presidential powers and how they've changed over time. wee joined by two presidenial historians. douglas brinkley, professor of history at rice university and author of several books on the presidency. and andrew rudalevige, professor of government at bowdoin college and author of "the new imperial presidency: renewing presidential powerfter watergate."we anome to both of you. andrew rudalevige, let me start with you. how much more powerful is the american presidency today t wn either in the earliest days of this country or even 150 years ago? >> well, infinitely more powerful than at the time of the

constitutional convention. if you think of the very title "president," that comes fm the word "presider." there was no idea, i think, thwo the presidend be the main decider, as george w. bush styled himself. the real growth is in the 20t 20th and 21st century you have the great expansiveness of the scope and size of government, most of that's in the executive branch, so the president has more means, staff and people to help him carry out hisreferences, and you also have, over time, the delegation great amountsf power to the president by congress, including things that are specifically delegated to the congress by the constitution. trade power, for example. in other areas, presidents have sort of pushed hard to try toth take ove war power, for example, and congress on then whole has b pretty supine about that. so it's a great growth of power fits and starts, but

certainly compared to the founding, a muclh more power office than was anticipat. >> woodruff: douglas brinkley, is this mainlyecause presidents have grabbed for more power, because congress has ceded it or a combination? >> a combination. it's important to hi about when abraham lincoln suspended habeas corpus, he had a good reason to. the civil w. theodore roosevelt named it the white house, a from 1901 to 1909, t.r. used a lot of ikecutive orders, some l going into panama in 1903 without congress. he went toan the grandn and said save it. congress didn't want it as a tional park. there was zinc, asbestos and copper there,so declared it a national monument and as

weigh station using executive power until eventually congress would take it as a national park. llowing t.r., you see franklin d. roosevelt using executive power all the time. sometimes in positive days that look well in history, like whehn saved jackson hole, wyoming, as a national monument in the iddle of world war ii, but then, alas, the japanese enferment camps, which was upheld by the courts, thawat he allowed to do that kind of roundup of american citizens, and it's an increasing ofes ential power to the degree now that presidents, no matter who they are, have a 40 or 50% approval rating and congress is often at 15 or 20% approval rating. we are a country of presidential power. >> woodruff: andrew rudalevige, is it thathe american people watched this over time and felt, okay, this is inevitable, we're going to have a more powerful presidency? >> well, there are good and bad

reasons for a powerful presidency. the government, the role of the united states is much bigger in the world and domestically than they had been prior to the 20th century, so you have, you know, some questions of executive efficiency. it's not always terrible when coress tell gates power to the -- delegates power to the president. on the other hand, since the 1960s, nominating procedures means there is more focus on the individual, presidents have to promise more and are under thessure to live up to promises. the gap between the expectations of the presidency and the actua wer is somewhat large. i think presidents, on the whole, cnot carry out their promises to the degree they think they can running for office. president trump's energy declaration is a pretty good example -- emergency declaration is a goodxample of that. people tend to support presidents acting dramaticay and to that degree presidents will continue to do so. >> woodruff: and what president trump has done, douglas brinkley, is one of the

to talk to thed two of you because some are referring to it as an unprecedented move and overreach, but we wanted to put this into context and look at how presidents desire and determination to take more power unto themselass- it's been happening for a long time. >> well, yes. r mean,hard nixon created a lot of problems, i mean, abuse of power, the movement to impeach him and out of that grew the r powers resolution of 1973, which is supposed to make sure you on't goo war without congress' approval. the last ronaldean went into grenada in 1983 without' congre approval and george a.w. bush went into pan without it. you get to see things get watered down. presiden act d let everyone else decide what to do later. what we're debatingow inhe united states concerning donald trump is another post-nixon ent, the national emergencies act of 1976, and, in that

regard, we've had 59 of these since 1976, but none like what donald trump is doing. move bybig, political donald trump. it's not going to be construed as a real ergency in the way harry truman tried to grab the steel industry19 i and it wasn't a real emergency, because presidents can'teize private property, and if the trump administration is hell bent on grabbing ranch lands, buildin fencing along private property and environmenting zones, it's just going to rain lawsuits on them and it will end up in the supreme court. but, you know, congress is supposed to have the purse.ed it's suppo run the money. donald trump now is doing something unprecedented byab ng the funding from congress and reallocating it in his own -- with hi own whims. >> woodruff: andruw levige, so this stands apart from what other presidents have

done to take more power un themselves? >> well, professor brinkley talked about the post-water gate regime where you had a real effort by congress to push back on the powers of the preside, not just inwar powers, but in intelligence, oversight, covert action, the budget, impoundment of congressional funds, ethics with the creation of the independent council, and the national emergencies act, all of se were designed to rein in presidential powerbut presidents keep pushing. .hey have lots of incentives to keep pushi really what's happened is congress has not pushed back. the nation emergencies act is a great example of a law created to rein in presidents but ended up empowering them because congress has not lived up to ito own ribilities that it wrote into the law, to review these emergenciesve six months, to come into session, to actually consider them in a irious way. so we'll seef that happens

now. certainly the fact that this emergency -- >> woodruff: i've only got about 40 seconds left. i want to ask you each in brief, i mean, is it fair to say it's good or bad for our democracy at our presidents have more power, or do you have to just ta aase-by-case basis, douglas brinkley? >> i think youave to go case by case. but this is an overreach donald trump is going, in my opinion, because he's circumventing, doing an end run around both t constitution and congress. but we'll see. he has a conservative supreme court. if it gets there, it might end up being a 5 decision in his favor. >> woodruff: andrew rudalevige, what about that? >> it's bad when congress giv power away thoughtlessly. congress has its own authority t over i constitution, it uses it, so if it hands it over to the president without inking about it, that's bad. if it's a case where it's relevant aul usthen i'm okay with that.

>> woodruff: wonderful insights andrew vige, douglas brinkley. thank you both. we appreciate it. thank you. >> thank you. s for having me. f: >> woodrtay with us, coming up on the newshour: amy walter and tamara keith joih us to discusweek in washington. composer terrence blanchard on his oscar-nominated score for "blackkklansman." a new show on netflix inspires a tidying craze. and jennifer gersten shares her humble opinion on rethinking classicamusic. as president trump faces the political fallout of his emergency declaration, democrats eager to take him on in 2020 hit the road, courting voters in mie early ting contests. for analysis on all this and r politicsjoined by monday team. amy walter of the cook political report a host of the podcast

"politics with amy walter" on wnyc. and tamara keith of npr. hello to both of you. so there's a lot to ataut. we've just been talking about, though, the emergency, the national emergency that president ump declared on friday that we are out with a poll just done over the weekend. this is the "newshour", npr and marist college, amy, and it shows and we're showing everybody watching the results laong republicans, very pop not surprising, 85% like what the president tid, suprt it. among democrats, unpopular, only 6% but among independents, it's also not a majority, d33%. whs this tell us about what the president did and what the public thinks? >> well, the president has had a challee for some time now. first of all the facts don't support the claim there is an emergency on the border, whether the number of people be apprehended, whether people are

trying to cross illegally, drugs are comingn, ports of entry, they're not being taken at other border crossings, so the facts have been pretty well set that there's not an emergency there at the border, and the president has been trying to make the cast now for somee that there is indeed an emergency. it's in an oval office address he's been in the rose garden, he usedf the statee union address to put this idea forward and you see 58% ofmericans don't believe there is a crisis at the border. to only folks who seem really be supporting the president's claim that he has authority to do this emergency declaration or that there is an actual crisis, not surprisingly, are republicans, which tell us all you need to know where this is going to head up in congress, which is mostikely the democrats in the house will support a resolution saying they don't agree ywith the ene declaration, and republicans in the senate will stick with the

president. r woodruff: republicans going to stick with him, tam, regardless. >> well, most likely, though there have been a few, a handful of republicans who, in the senate, have said that they ally don't support this emergency action. >> woodruff: right. hat's interesting here is that l from 1976 that you just spent a goodong segment talking about includes a fast track thority. the house takes up this bill to terminate the president's emergency order, which we fully expect, it will pass the deitcratic house. ill go to the senate and there's nothing mitch mcconnell can do to avoid a vote, it has to get a vote, so it does require republicans whoe ing up to this, said, wow, this would be terrible, please don't do it, don't put us i this position, it puts them in that position of having tdeo de whether they sort of believe in the article i role of congress or whether they want to support their republican

ndpresident. >>any argued during the obama presidency that he was overreaching. >> woodruff: yes. and power grab, unconstitutional decisions that he madely, specific not surprisingly, around immigration. >> woodruff: dreamers, et cetera. >> right, and their parents. >> woodruff: and their parents. the families. >> that's right. so that was not done using an emergency declaration. >> correct. >> woodruff: it was vene administra and all within the executive branch. this is a little bit different inhat the president has taken the word of congress, congress says this is how much m want to give you for the wall and he's saying, actually, i would like more than that. >> woodruff: it's executive action versus declaration of emergency whic is a mor extreme step to take.ht >> r. >> woodruff: we mentioned 2020, and i want to bring this up, and we've got a map. we've tried to look where the 2020 democratic candidates, they were all over the country in the early states, i was just looking at this, they were in iowa, not surprising, new hampshire,

wisconsin, georgia, south carolina, texas, california and nevada. tam, you know, they're out there, but the other new nathme we have that we heard about over the weekend is william weld, who has run for office and it was the governor of massachusetts, but he's running as a republican, he's challenging pre or at least he's formed an ory committee. >> and you can expect him to spend a lot of time in new hampshire where they may remember him or heard his name. he did run for vice president on the libertarian ticket last time around, he'st like one of the big-name, big-money republicans that potentially could run against president trump in a primarnt but a presi facing a primary, even a weak primary is something that indicates potentially someone out there believes that the president has weaknesses. >> woodruff: and there are other republicans. >> and there are otheran republlooking at it. we'll see.

john kasich the most talked about person who'sikely to challenge him. but what's interesting is the pndidates or thesidents who have had significant primary challenges in recent history, thesident had very low approval right scores among members of their own party, so you think w aboutre jimmy carter's approval rating was when ted kenidy announced,s approval ratings were somewhere in the 40s. whenl.b.j. was chamgd by mcgovern, his approval ratings were somewhere in the 50s. george h.w. bush was somewhee in the 70s when pat buchanan announced his run. this is about 80% around republicans. so there's not an obvious path for republicans to take. you don't want as an incumbe president to have to spend your time and money and energy on this. but we'll sec, elly in new hampshire which is a swing state, a battleground state, one

trump barely lost in 2016, is theristhere a group of republics there that are so disappointed with this willing to support a candidate on the other side for president and that it wil tell about these voters and where do the voters go, do they go with the democrat, stay at home, at the side to stick with the president attend of the day? >> woodruff: this is unfair. we have less than a minute left. you, too, have wanted to talk about not only is there a presidential campaign in 2020, obviously the senate and the house is up, these senate candidates in a number of states where the cycle is their tn, it's a huge concern to republicans and democrats. democrats want to pick up control. >> yeah, whereas the last midterm was a good map for republicans, this is a better map for democrats, but democrats are now frantically trying topl get pwho could potentially be senate candidates not to run for president. >> woodruff: right.

when you're running for president -- >> you can't do both. in places like colorado, montana or georgia where stacey abrams, they're trying to get her to run for seate. >> woodruff: cross pressures. >>at's right. woodruff: amy walter, tamera keith, thank you both. >> you're welcome. >> woodruff: renowned jazz trumpeter terence blanchard has been nominated for the bestca original scoremy award for his work on the film "blackkklansman." tonight jeffrey brown continuesc our feature on nominees as part of canvas, our new focus on arts and culture. >> brown: in the film," blackkklansman", we meet prsolie officemembers of the k.k.k., various characters. and then there's a different

kind of character-- ore, composed by terence blanchard. ♪ >>♪ he role of the music is to like, first of all, to bring some of those intangible things to the fore. if there are things that we can't put into words, there'sem ions we can't really describe, but the music is there to kind of help us experience that. >> brown: "blackkklansman", directed by spike lee, tells the ory of ron stallworth, the olrst black officer with the colorado springse force. played by john david washington, he infiltrates a k.k.k. chapter by impersonating a white man over the phone. his partner, a jewish officerpl ed by adam driver, goes undercover to gather evidence

against the klan. it's set in the 1970s, but les e makerect connections to today. and it's based on a true story, which amazed terence blanchard when he first joined the project. >> when spike first told me, first think i thought of was, man, you need to put the bottle down. >> brown: like, you're makg this u. >> yeah, a black man infiltrated the klan in colorado springs, ally? d d that grabbed me. >> brown: blanchs long been known as a top jazz musician, with six grammy awards. he grew up in new orlean began playing the piano and trumpet as a youngster. he joined the lionel hampton egehestra while still in coll and later art blakey's jazz messengers. he then went solo, eventually heading the group,-collective.

but he's also now being honored for his decades-long work in films, composing more than 40 scores. he first performed on lee's films, "do the right thing" and "mo better blues." that's blanchard you hear whenel deashington plays the trumpet. and has scored almost every lee film since "jungle fever," including alcolm x." what was the hardest thing about learni to write music for a film, as opposed to your other life? >> the hardest thing was putting your ego aside. because i come from a world where all the music was about me, it was about what i wanted o to say, or how i wantedy it. >> brown: because you're not front and center now. >> no, no, it's not about me, it's really about the and it's really about helping the director tell a story in the way he ss fit, you know what i >> brown: he typically begins his work with a first cut of th film, afgreat deal of work

by actors, director lee, and another longtime collaborator, editor barry alexander brown. >> when they hand it to me, it's like a lot of things are done, and i'm one of the last pieces of the puzzle.t so when you , then you go, oh my god, everybody's done a great job. i can't be the guy to drop the ball. so it inspires me toork hard. rown: you can make it better, or you could mess it up, i suppose. >> or really mess it up! the first thing i have to do is let the film tell me what it needs, you know. because-- yeah, because even though it's a great story, the thing is there's lighting, there's editing, there's acting. when i get a cut, with spike you dever know, because you can rea a scene one way and then he will shoot it another way, with emphasis on other thin in the scene. so when i watch it, the pace of it, the look of it, it will all speak to me. it will say, okay, well, it k ows down a little bit here, maybe we need to p the pace here. or, you know what? maybe that's a very powerful moment and maybeawe need to back from that and let the actor have that moment.

there are a lot of little things like that that start tplay a role in how the overall thing takes shape. the other part of it, too, because of spike's unique love for melody, i had to learn how to structure those melodies and orchestrate them onto dialog, in a way that still could be heard, but not get in the way of the dialogue. >> brown: these are things that i'm probably not, i'm not aware of as they're happenight? >> you shouldn't be! you shouldn't be, let's hope.ac >> brown: in "klansman," blanchard worked with an orchestra as well as his own small ensemble, and for the first time, featured the electric guitar. ♪ ♪ >> spike always does a great job at giving you the taste of the peod with the source music, you know, all of the shat are there. i wanted the score to be universal, first of all, but still have elements the '70s, and colors of the '70s, and that electric guitar was one of the ones that we used a grt deal.

>> brown: the oscar nomination, it's a first for you, right? >> oh ah, yeah. >> brown: a lot of attention because it's the first for spike lee after so long. does it feel like just a long time coming for both of you? >> it's hard to answe it, becanever expected it, you know what i mean? i've been telling people it's kind of hard to miss what you never had, you know. it's great, it's awesome, it' been an overwhelming experience, it's been a humbling experience. i look at this movie as being like the culmination of what we've been doing for the last 30 years. >> brown: terence blanchard'sxt ig project: he's working on an opera, his second.th fopbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown in new york. >> woodruff: you can see ath oscar contender in full later tonight on pbs. "pov" will air the documentary,g "minding t," a coming of age tale of three skateboarding friends naviting out of

troubled adolescence, into adulthood. >> i'm making this film because i saw myself in your story. >> i always felt like i didn't fit in with my family. >> my parents ranthis very controlling house. >> i r away a lot. this is more a family than my family. >> how did you get disciplined. well, theyl calit child abuse now, but -- >> life might be movg too fast. we have to fully grow up and it's going to suck. >> when you're a kid, you just act. then somewhere along the line, everyone loses that. i knew you had some huge weight on you. skate beforing meant more to you. i have to a life or death thing. >> i can remember the screaming coming from your room and it was really, really unnerving.

>> one of the last things i said to my dad was that i hate you. >> you can't just have a child and abandon them. life doesn't work like that. >> you still want them to grow up like me. i just want to hide. i just want to run away. that's what the drinking is about. >> maybe you're right. maybe i need to just move o >> i wish you could. i wish i could do it over. >> i could seriously be on the verge of having a mental eakdown. but as long as i'm able to skate, i'm completely fine. >> woodruff: "pov's" "minding the gap" airs tonight on most pbs stations. spring is around the corner, which for some means it's time to clean out the closets. as the newshour's rhana natour explains, the ilosophy has a popular netflix show featuring japanese organizing expert marie kondo encourages peopl discard items in their home that do not "spark joy." >> chose item that spark joy for you.

>> reporter: it's the phrase that's sparking a nationwide w oset clean out. in her netflix "tidying up," japese organizing expert marie kondo helps people transform their cluttered home into tidy retreats. kondo's best selling 2014 book f"the life changing magic tidying up" first popularized her trademark konmari method. the method tackles decluttering by separating items into categories like clothes, booksse and ntimental items. the fundamental idea after that is simple: if an item "sparks joy" it stays. if it doesn't, kondo encourages people to thank the item forpu serving its rpose, then out it goes. >> thank you, thank you for letting me wear you. okay, this sparks joy. >> reporter: the show's inspiring such a tidying craze s econd hand stores nationde are getting inundated with discarded items. following the show's premiere,

one goodwill store in maryland reported a 367% uptick in donations in new york, a popular thrift store that buys used clothing is seeing wait times double for customers hoping to se them their cast off clothing. i hink at first we didn't really know what was happening, and this was what was interesting is that people werin waiting inand you heard people talking about it and they're lik¡oh were you watching that show?'¡ is that why you are you cleaning your closet out?' >> reporter: in chicago, ravenswood used books manager barbara strangeman saytheir getting three times the number of books these days-- nearly 30 xes worth a weekend. >> i noticed something was different because generally people are either moving and they're not happy to get rid of their possessions. but people were happy. people they were like ¡yay! ve got a clean shelf. yay!' ¡these don't spark joy' and that's when i thought ¡oh spark joy'. i know that. >> reporter: the show's tappedra into the culzeitgeist in a major way as illustrated by this "new yorker" cartoon and has propelled marie kondo into a household name in the u.s.

>> i would follow you to a cult compound and never look back. >> reporter: as to why the show, with its petite star who speaks very little english, has become such a sensation. professional organizer jenny albertini, who was trained by marie kondo in 2016, thinks it may be a form of stress relief. j going about our business in times of strife t draining asd stressful so like how can we address on a daily things that will make us feel that we're more connected to r lives. >> reporter: but is throwing things away a sustainable approach? >> when we watch the show, we see people throwing out mounds of things or collecting mounds and that seems to sople wasteful. >> oh i would really start five steps before that and say iwa think ste starts when we purchase those things. what i say to clients often whet we loohese piles that they've created when we look at the bags of things that they're going to say this is the last

time you have to look at something like this like you can choose from here on out that you dot have to live like this >> reporter: and you may want to get moving on decluttering that messy work desk because marie kondo's next book "joy at work" takes tiing up to the office. it is scheduled for release next spring. consider yourself waed. for the pbs newshour, i'm rhana natour. pr uctivity, even blood pressure: all of these have been studied in relation to classical music. it's almost as ithis genre of music is suspected to have superpowers. but producers and performers are still tryi enter the marketing teams. tonight, musician and critic jennifer gersten shares her humble opinion on why the new "sell" is selling the music

short. "> "take some time to relax!" se above it all."" calm and refreshing!" these tagles could be advertisements for a caribbean cruise, or at the very least an ambitious boxed wine. they're actually examples of how radio stations and streaming services across the y sell classical music. classical, this advertising suggests, isn't really for listening. it's for chilling out, tuning out, zoning out. thus, an over-500-year-old art parm is being reduced to a day soundtrack. this marketing sort ofseakes e.mu classicac is perceived as inaccessible, elitist, incomprehensible to anyone who isn't wearing a monocle. perhaps the logic goes that framing the genre as mellifluous ambien might usher people into expensive auditoriums-en if just for a nap.

but this rhetoric is failing the music it's supposed to support. like any other musical genre, classical offers innum sounds and triggers as many emotions. some of it indeed might calm you. other types seem primed to get you skipping down the block. if we think of classical music solely as relaxing, we circumscribe its ability to move us, shake us, twist us in knots. we feed the idea that this music is somehow more elevated than pop or rap, and that itsar practitimore enlightened. this reinforces the implication that classical music ir the rich white people filling opulent concert halls, which is increasingly not the case. i'm a music student with many years of classical training, and i also write about music. i love some things iy and hear; some things i'm just okay with; a few things i despise. for best results, we should learn to think about this music for ourselves, instead of ourcing our opinions to strangers. we can do this by listening

dely and intentionally. >> woodruff: andhohat's the ne for tonight. i'm judy woodruff. join us online and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs ur, thank you and see yo soon. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, germitalian, and more. babbel's 10-15 minute lessons are available as an app, or online. more information on babbel.com.

>> and by the alfredda. sloan founon. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. pommitted to building a more just, verdant anceful world. more information at macfound.org go >> and with the g support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation for tblic broadcasting. and by contributioyour pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org ♪

hello, everyone. welcome to "amanpour" and company. here is what is cing up. a caliphate on the brink of extinction. what does the fure hold for isis? former head of british secret intelligence service on why the threat remains alive. then, to nigeria and this weekend's election in africa's biggest economy. i talked to nobel prize winng poet about nigeria's relationship with itself and with the united states. plus, the immigrationr law who fought the trump administration's tra ban. she says xenophobia is at the heart. ♪