captioning sponsored by wnet >> sreenivas: on this edition for sunday, february 24: the political crisis in venezuela continues while blocked humanitarian aid amasses at the borders.an in our signature segment, a treasure trove of jazz great louis armstrong artifacts and gathe effort to carry his forward. next on pbs newshour weend. >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachenheim iii. seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milsteina ly. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vage the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. barbara hope zuckerberg. icorporate fundinrovided by mutual of america--

designing customized individual du and group retirement ps. that's why we're your retirement company.on addi support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by rcontributions to ys station from viewers like you. thank you. from the tisch wnet studios at lincoln center in new york, hari sreenivasan. >> sreenivasan: good evening ajo thank you foing us. as president trump prepares for his second summit with north korea's leader kim jong un in vietnam this week, sec of state mike pompeo said today north korea remains a nuclear threat, contradicting the president's tweet last june th"" there is no longer a nuclear threat from north korea." >> do you think north korea remains a nuclr threat? >> yes. >> but the president said he doesn't-- >> that's not what he said. >> he tweeted, "there's no longer a nuclear threat from north korea." >> right. what he said was that the efforts that had been made in singapore, this commitment that

chairman kim made, had substantially taken down the risk to the american people. >> sreenivasan: north korea's state tv released footage today of kim jong un's train departure for vietnam. president trump leaves for thero summit tom he promised a "continuation of the progress made at the firstut summit,"ffered no specifics on north korean denuclearization. vice president mike pence will travel to bogota, colombia tomorrow for an emergency summit on venezuela. rspence will meet with leaf more than a dozen latin american and cabbean countries and with venezuan opposition leader juan guaido. two major bridges between colombia and venezuela are closed today after yesterday's protests and blockades.tr oops loyal to venezuelan president nicolas madu fired tear gas and rubber bullets into a crowd of activists trying to deliver humanitarian aid. at least two people were killed and hundreds were injured. at the conclusion of the four- day summit on sexual abuse within the catholic church, pope francis called for "an all-out

battle against the abuse of minors," and compared child abuse toagan practices of human sacrifice. the pope told the hundreds of a church leadethe meeting that the vatican will do everything it can to bringof nders to justice and help the survivors of abuse heal. but representatives ofictims groups said afterwards they are skeptical and criticized the pope for failing to offer any concrete policies. >> i'm a victim, i'm a survivor of childhood rape and sexual abuse. to me it is intolerable that there is not dramatic action. >> sreenivasan: vatican officials did say that the church will formulate follow-up measures from the conference and update current policy. >> sreenivasan: tuesday, theof housepresentatives plans to vote on a resolution to stop president trump's use of a

national emergency declaration to fund construction of walls and barriers on the border withi . but what is actually happening on both sides of the border? i spoke with texas tribune reporter julián aguilar yesterday via skype from el paso about that and the status of the much talked-about caravan. >> well, the estimated 1600 or so folks fro ctral america arrived just across the river from eagle pass, texas. they arrived february 4th and w the housed in a factory that the city turned into a makeshift shelter. so they have been waiting there. from reports i saw, allth mon only 12 to 15 of those were allowed to seek asylum, others were offered visas from the mexican government. allowing them to travel freely and work there. or a temrary visa, that gave them time to get a teorary

visa. at the praised the governments to rushing the boarder or trying to breach cvp or seek asylum the way we saw in november. i think everybody remembers what happened in san ysidro and comparedo that there was a t of order. now there were a lot of upset folks that thought theyere going to be able to seek asylum and they were upset with the mexican government for keeping them there and instead of offering them safe haven in mexico, rather than allowing them to come north. still it was not as chaotic as in november and mexican and state officials lauded these fos for offering them an alrnative although these folks it wasn't ideally what they thought they were going to do. >> sreenivasan: is this a resu of federal policy for mexico, responding to the president request to kp people there and wait for asylum

outside the united states or is it the states taking things in their own hads? >> obviously the immigration proposals come from the federal vernment, the federal side. but some analysts i spoke about they said the federal government within itself is still trying to figure out how it resthnds to trump administration demands an when they get in response. what does the president have t gain from listening to president trump, you know a lot of folks s say there all ongoing trade negotiations going on. this was the federal policy is, but in the meantime, a lot of the responsibility is fawtle on the state government in mexico to deal wh this influx of people. from what i understand,hey are going to keep coming. it should be noted on the flip

side, just across the border here from el paso and the may was upset. he said his sherlts are already full, they have a lot of people waiting to seek asylum, to add another hundreds of folks from other state was not the way things should be done between state governments and local governments here in mexico. >> sreenivasan: julian aguilar from the texas tribune, thanks for joining us. >> thank you. >> sreenivasan: as black history month draws to a close, we bring you the story of one of thegr test musicians in american history-- louis armstrong. he left behind massive and varied archives, all stored in queens, new york, and there's a major effort underway to carry his legacy forward to a new generation of artists. newshour weekend's megan thompson has the story. ♪ ♪ou >> reporter: armstrong:

one of the most famous and influential musicians of the 20th century. a genius on the trumpet, who also had one of the world's most recognizable voices. but that wasn't all. >> he was thperson whodi coed what we now call jazz. he did, in a certain sense, what chaucer did for english literature. >> his improvisations were just light-years ahead of everybody at the time. he had this loose rhythmic feeling that we call swing. and after he, you know, demonstrated how to really approach this music, here comes bing crosby, etzgerald, frank sinatra. and anybody who sings that kind of music today, they're doing what louis armstrong was doing in the 1920's. >> reporter: born a poor family in new orleans in 1901, armstrong went on to appear in more than 30 movies, recd hundreds of albums and perform thousands of shows for crowds

around the world. il 1943, he and his wife l moved into this modest house in the working class new york city neighborhood of corona, queens. today, the home is perfectlyhe preserved asouis armstrong house museum. after armstrong died in 1971, a vast amount of materials were found in his home, what organirs call the largest collection of any jazz musician in the world. 60,000 items, much of it created and collected by armngto himself, are sd for now about four miles away at queens college. robert o'meally, the director of the columbianiversity center for jazz studies, says armstrong knew his legacy would be important. >> armstrong was an auto- archivist. almost from the beginning, heem to realize that he was louis armstrong.ti and so he was lous. and he wanted that his passage through the world was recorded

in full. >> the archives are so extensive and so distinctive. >> reporter: kenyon victor adams the new director of lou armstrong house museum. he's launching an initiative to reignite interest in armstrong's legacy and make these vast archives more accessible. >> this is in no way a dusty lecy. this is a living legacy. >> reporter: the $23 million project includes rehousing the archives in a new 14,000 square- foot performance and educational space across the street from armstrong's home. and the museum recently digitized everything in its collection and put it all online, so it's all available to anyone, anywhere. ricky riccardi, director of research collections, oversaw th >> i'm all armstrong, all the time. >> reporter: riccardi has also written a book and taught classes on armstrong, who went by the nicknames satchmo, satch and pops. riccardi's encyclopedic knowledge of the musician has h earn his own set of

nicknames. >> satchologist. >> reporter: a satchologist? >> it used to be satchologist. rickipedia's kinda taken over. >> reporter: a lot ole know him as "louie." you call him "louis." >> he always referred self at louis. and he actually said one time that, "my mother never called me louie." so to him, that was it. but everybody else managers, his musicians, they all called him louie. buif you call him louis, louie, satchmo, pops, anything, you know, as long as we're talkin' about him, i'm. >> reporter: the archives contain armstrong treasures like his trumpets. >> we have all of his mouthpieces. >> reporter: there are thousands of photos. and here's an original arrangement of aong armstrong made a standard. >> ♪ what a wonderl world >> reporter: armstrong kept meticulous scrapbooks. and he wrote constantly-- letters, stories and two autobiographies. but that wasn't all. >> so something that louis did in his spare time, that people did not know he was doing.

>> reporter: armstrong created hundreds of collages, all held together with scotch tape. in one he mixed pictures of people important to him, tapingi photo of his musical mentor, famed bandleader king oliver, in the middle of his own head. >> making the point that he vedn't do anything without thinking of king o >> reporter: he made one collage from a chopped up christmas card from president richard nixon. another, features materials from his visit with the pope. >> on the back, he rearranged the sentences so it reads, "mr. and mrs. most holy father louis armstrong." >> the collages are so wonderful to see. but the collages can also give you a new way of listening to the music. he's a collage-maker in sound. he's quoting tin pan alley. he's quoting opera. there's one piece called dinah, where he plays the hoochie coochie song. it's on fi.

and in the middle of dinah, he starts to go, ♪ duh duh duhuh duh, duh duh duh duh da da ♪ >> reporter: but his musicy wasn't the odio archive armstrong left to the world. >> this is december 1950. >> always, just like this. >> teagarden. >> reporter: in 1950 armstrong's trombonist jack teagarden showed him how to use a portable tape recorder. >> then-- then-- to play it back, all you got to do is... ♪ ♪ >> now you're in the room.th you're idressing room. and from that first tape, he is so comfortable. i it's, like, thgonna be my way of, you know, of documenting my life. and so that goes on e next 20 years. >> reporter: over th years armstrong recorded more than 1,000 hours-- everything from practicing trumpet to conversations to whatever music

he was listening to at the time. >> perhaps his favorite performer, maybe, of all t ce, was enriuso, the great opera star of the early 20th century.>> eah, yeah, caruso! yeah! you laid it, my man. >> reporter: here armstrong is giving advice to a fan backstage. >> so it's best that you don't rush your-- your musical abity, you know? >> yeah. >> it took me 37 years to almost learn how to play the trumpet. and you never learn it completely. >> reporter: armstrong also loved telling jokes. >> well, it-- it-- mary had a little bear. and the bear was mighty fine. and-- every-- everywhere-- mary went, you-- you see her bare behind.te >> rep his wife lucille appears often in the recordings. in one, the recorder was runnin while before she realized it. >> now, what the ( bleep )?th

you go ( bleep ) thing on? hey. >> you go on and. >> turn your tape recorder off. don't be fluffin' me off. >> i sweari got thousands of tapes. >> i wouldn't give a ( bleep ) about your thousands of tapes. u can come with them tomorrow. turn your tape off. e of thaterase off s ( bleep ). >> golly, you-- you gettin' nervous there. >> i ain't gettin' nervous. but you ain't-- you know, you-- you ain't got no better sense-- >> that's for posterities. >> posterity my ass!le >> reporter: wrmstrong was known for his over-the-top ebullience and huge smiles, he faced the racism every african american performer faced. these are headlines in a scrapbook documenting his first european tour in 1932. >> "storm over negro trumpeter," is one article. but it says a lot about armstrong that he would save all the stuff, knowing that this was all part of the story. >> reporter: towards the end of his career, armstrong's lighthearted, comedic performances prompted some to

call him an uncle tom. but, robert o'meally says,nd behe facade was a stubborn man standing up to rism. >> they would tell him, "you cannot bring your integrated band to the theater." and he'd say, "cance this is my band. they go wherever i go. and that kind of daring must be put together with the comic roles that he played. and we have to realize that people are layered and fractured and-- and very, very complicated. >> reporter: in one recording,ab armstrong ventt a young assistant on a movie set who spoke to him disrespectfully, calling armstrong by a nickname s and joking about giving rt to someone else. >> why you hand me that ( bleep )? ause i'm colored? all the bigwigs was out there, too. and i met them. "shove your picture up your ass," i told 'em. >> reporter:n 1957, during an newspaper interview in north dakota, armstrong shed out publicly, using expletives to describe arkansas governor orval faubus, who had blocked theat inten of little rock's

central high school. armstrong said of president eisenhower, who was slow to intervene, the he was "two- faced" and had "uts." his comments became big news and affected his career. >> at that moment it tch courage. and not all performers stood with him. and he said, "you know, now we should stay with me, brothers and sisters. 'cause i'm notackin' down." and i-- i think it, he lost jobs all over the country. the record sales sank. he took the principled stand. it was very daring. ♪ >> this one's a little different. "last tape recorded by pops. 7/5/71." and he died in his sleep in the early hours of 7/6/71. that is lucille armstrong's handwriting. he doesn't speak on it. there's no big famously lasthi words or anytng. but all the music he listened to the night before he died was his own.

and the very last track on that bum is april in paris. and apl in paris ended. and the rest of the tape was silence. >> the biggest message in the music is that we as a group n represent what it means for humanity to play well together, to improvise together, to recognize that the blues are falling down like rain, but we're going to have a good time anyway. we-- the trouble is right around the corner. somehow we're going to-- we're going to persevere. and we're going to do it with a big smile and with a louis armstrong sense a swing. >> well, folks, that was my life. and i enjoyed all oft. yes, i did.

>> sreenivasan: what's a subject scientists can analyze when they watch the oscars tonight? if you guessed climate change, you'll want to hear from our guest kate marvel, an associate research scientist at columbia univsity and co-host of a ry unique podcast that combines cinema with cmate science. >> we realize that people like science but what people reallys loved movies. and if we can combine science and bad movies that is really productive. >> sreenivasan: what is people getting wrong as far as films? >> i'm a climate scient the day after tomorrow, sharknado and geostorm. and all of these areinreally of disaster movies, right? there are so many disasters and they are allhe happening at same time. but in the real world, climate change is happening.ni it's hap right now, it's

here, around it's us but it's not the only thing that people care about. san francisco for a little bit in the worst airit qualof any city on the planet. and i think it's starting to hit home that climate change has the ability reshape our lives. in ways that maybe we hadn't really thought aorbout bef >> sreenivasan: so in the background of a moyer, the air quality could be just -- of a movie, the air quality could be one of the things in one day of unbreathable air. >> exactly. i don't want to say climate change isn't csing disaster. we know that extreme events like heat waves and floods, are predicd to get worse in the future. but people care about economic justice, racial justice, people care about education, how our society is ofanized, and all o these things are going to be affected by the fact that the

planet we live on is fundamentally changing. >> sreenivasan: your concern is that hollywood has a tremendous amount of power on how they frame this narrative that we take away, it is a fun movie but in the back of your mind some little sliver sticks. >> i think so i think there's a danger setting a standard where you don't have to care s aboutething unless it is going to literally doom all life on the planet. because i think i have higher standards than that you know? i didn't walk up today and say i didn't go extinct, it must have been a good da i think we can aspire to something better than that. >> sreenivasan: is there any good movtiies, anybody g it right? >> i love mad max theory road. i think united states a good entertaining movie but it shows this insane bananas society that is taking place in the future. and nobody is ever like well climate change caused these sert conditions but it's

always there in the background. but it's really a story about, i mean it's a story about things blowing up but it's a story about tths weird society oe future. >> sreenivasan: and is there something that trickled down into classrooms and how you know young people's thinking about climate science chan time if they're exposed to different kind of narratives? >> i think so. and i actually think young people are in a sense ahead of us. you know young people understand that this is their world, that they're growing on. and they have a very vested interest in a staible clmate. so i think young people are already sort of starting to get the message. and i think re's us, whly need to start thinking about this in n ways >> sreenivasan: all right, kate marvel. the podcast,a clled thank you about >> sreenivasan: for more on the 91st academy awards visit pbs.org/newshour. >> this is pbs newshour weekend,

sunday. en >> sasan: this weekend the annual salon de l'agriculture opened in a park in northeast paris. a populaevent, french president emmanuel macron spent most of the day saturday at the farm show, meant to oing the befrench agriculture to the city. on friday events began with a parade of some of the participants. >> ♪ ♪ ♪ >> farmers from regions across france brought some of their most photogenic life stock. -- livestock. th parade and farm show were a way to bridge the divide between rural and urban life. people to longer know the types of cows,his iclear. it is something that a bit

forgotten. so we wanted to show the all the richness of the diversity and the same time, the geographical extent. > >> the sheep and cows will compe for prizes through march 3rd. some city residents said it's a win-win situation when livestock and people know each other better. >> especially for the children but even for us adults. it's a break frome thusual scene, especially being closer to nature. there's noth ng better. d to be green or an ecologist to realize this but it's in ourroots as human beings to return to nature and especially with animals like this. it's great

>> sreenivasan: finally tonight, amid all the predictions for tonight's academy awards, many people try to guess how long it ll go on. a "wall street journal" analysis came up with one important fact: the walking. walking out to present the awards; winners walking to the stage; winners walking off the stage. other things take more time but on average the journal found that over the past four years more than 24 minutes of each oscar broadcast was just walking. happy viewing. hope you picked the winners. that's all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. i'm hari sreenivas thanks for watching. have a good night. captioning sponsored by wnet captioned media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> pbs newshour weekend is made possible by: bernard and irene schwartz. sue and edgar wachheim iii.

seton melvin. the cheryl and philip milstein family. dr. p. roy vagelos and diana t. vagelos. the j.p.b. foundation. rosalind p. walter. g arbara hope zuckerberg. corporate fund provided by mutual of america-- designing customized individua oup retirement products. that's why we're your retirement company. additional support has been provided by: and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you.

(man) support for this program is made possible by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you! from american university in washington dc, t-selling author and financial expert, suze orman, answers ct tical questions abouur money. tonight is all about you! the goal of money is for you to feel secure. the goal of money is for you to feel powerful. you have problems-- but here's the good news-- i have the solutions. (man) suze provides essential advice in... please welcome suze orman! [drums, gui br, & keyboard play ight rhythm] ♪ ♪