ca inewshour productions, llc >> brangham: good evening. i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. on the "newshour" tonight, tornadoes carve a path of destruction through the southeast, claiming over 20 lives and levelinghole sections of towns in alabama and georgia. then, a conversation with carlos vecchio, the man the u.s. recognizes as the venezuelan ambassador, as opposition leader juan guaido returns to a country in crisis. plus, preserving the past-- a new exhibition highlights the painstaking work of photo conservation. >> the misconception especially for photographs is you can just make another one. u know, we can easily print two prints that are the same, and they're actually not. there are slight differences that make every single print unique.

>> brangham: all that and more on tonight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life coersations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> consumer cellular.

>> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions tpromote a better .ld. at www.hewlett.o >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station fromiewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: search crewin alabama have spent this day looking through tornado wreckage and hoping to find nothing.

sunday's storm ripped apart everything it hit, with winds of 170 miles-an-hour. at least 23 people were killed, making it deadliest tornado in the united states in six years. in beauregard, alabama, homes have been reduced to piles of debris along a county highway. the deadly tornado tore through this rural community, just 60 miles northeast of montgomery near the georgia border, on sunday the storm cut a path nearly one mile wide and 24 miles long after touching down. pped pine trees in half, wrapped metal siding around their trunks and ripped down power lines and a cell phone tower, now splayed across the highway.ke n and becky boyd were inside their mobile home when the tornado hit. >> i got underneath the bed and the trailer's upside down in the backyard on top of my shed. it knocked my glasses off. >> i felt it rolling. i tumbled over and ended up on my stomach and i had to crawl out once i could get my legs stened and he lifted things off of me.

>> brangham: the boyds escaped serious injury, but at least one of their neigh >> it looks almost as if someone took a giant knife and just scraed the ground. there are slabs where homes formally stood. there is debris everywhere. >> brangham: lee county sheriff jay jones warned today that the death toll is likely to rise as rescue and recovery efforts continue. >> a lot of our first responders i have not seen this type of level of devastation ever iny experience here in lee county. >> brangham: overall, the tornado that struck alabama was one of more than a dozen to hit parts of georgia, south carolina and florida over the weekend. >> when you get into this kind of range, like 165 miles per hour, you start to see not only exterior walls that collapse on well-built homes, but you also start to see the interior walls. >> brangham: kevin laws is chief scientist at the national weather service in birmingham, alabama. he says the storm quickly intensified after a front of cold arctic air slmed into warm, humid southern air.gs

and while warnent out, laws says homes in the area are simply not built to sustain such a storm. >> the teams are out assessing-y e seeing a lot of where mobile and manufactured homes once were-- are now completely destroyed.'r so, if yin one of those homes, it's probably about one of the worst places you can possibly be.us >> brangham:across the state line from beauregard, in georgia, another tornado touched down in talbot countbout 80 miles south of atlanta. whday, residents surveyed was left, picking up clothing and other personal items, some thrown hundreds of feet from their yard. one womasaid she prayed for her family as the tornado blew through. >> my babies. i just covered them ju c like this aling on jesus. just kept saying "jesus cover us, cover us jesus." >> brangham: a handful ofre georgians urt, but governor brian kemp today said the state escaped the worst. ul we certainly dodged a blet, and we're thankful for that. >> brangham: back in alabama rescue efforts are continuing, but the storm system brought t

freeziperatures in its wake, and some 8,000 people are without power. for an on-the-ground report we're joined by phone by jthemy redmon o"atlanta journal constitution." he's in lee county, alabama, today. jeremy, thank you for being here. the pictures we're seeing of the devastation there ar just horrible. ywonder if you could give us a sense of whatou're seeing on the ground now? >> the sheriff here gave adequate description. i think he said it looked liked someone ke an knife and scraped the ground with it. i went out there in beauregar today, and yellow insulation is hanging from the trees, one house has a truck on ids side in the front yard, homes destroyed, roofs off, cars on the sid pretty grim. >> brangham: the number of victims is expected to go up as search and rescue effortsue cont

can you tell us about the people who have already been kille this tragedy? >> yeah, unfortunately, 23 people have been killed, among them, three children, ages 6, 9, and 10. they've not identified any of them. the oldest is in the '70s or -- 70s or eights, but they say as they comthrough the wreckage, they may find more. >> brangham: as you have been hearing from people who survived, what kind of stories have they been telling you? >> pretty harroofng. storieeople scrambling to get into the bathroom, the bathtub, the closet, the sound of a freight train is how they describe it. people are openly weeping here, a lot of stunned expressions and thpeople are grappling wit devastation. >> brangham: it's still cold there and thousands are without power. how are people holding up? >> it was really striking. this morng around 10:00, 10:30, there were dozens of

people that fled into the beauregard high school dymnasium, today in the circle and held hands aed a prayer. there were people opeynly cring current service but certainly a sign of solidarity. >> brangham: and i understood you heard from one local reverend and what happened to his particular family. >> certainly. this is providence baptist church that is serving as a shelter for storm victims. the associate pastor chuck adams said he got an c urgenl from his daughter that her future father in lawas trapped underneath the breckage of his own home in the are the family took shelter in the house. the storm took the modular home and threw it 70 yards, according to reverend adams, destroying it and trapping h alabama state trooper robby boroughs underneath the debrivment he wa rescued ffered a concussion, broken ribs and a back injury. >> brangham: jeremy redmon of

the atlanta journal constitution. thank you very much. >> brangham: in the day's other news: house mocrats opened two more investigations of president trump. nde judiciary committee de documents from 81 people linked to the president and his associates. it's part of a probe possible obstruction of justice and other abuses of power. the president was asked if he'll cooperate with the investigation, as he welcomed the "north dakota state university" football team. >> i coopete all the time with everybody. and you know the beautiful thing: no collusion, it's all a hoax. you're gonna learn about thatol when you gror. it's a political hoax. there's no collusi t. >> brangha democratic chairs of the house foreign affairs, intelligence and oversight committees also weighed in today. they want records of president trump's meetings with ruvlian presidenimir putin. the focus is whether mr. trump tried to conceal detaiun of those coations. president putin has suspended russia's participation in a landmark arms treatythe u.s. the 1987 accord banned medium-

range, land-based cruise missiles. putin's action today is are onse to president trump's decision to withdraw from the treaty last month. each country accuses the other of violating the treaty. the president of souea today moved to salvage nuclear negotiations between the u.s.h and norea. moon jae-in called for three-way talks involving both koreas and the u.s. he spoke in seoul, following the failed summit beeen president trump and north korea's kim jong-un. >> ( translated ): we highly vae that president trump explained why he could not reach an agreement with north korea iu it meeting and that he showed unchanged trust toward chairman kim jong-un and expressed optimistic views for future talks with kim. also, we praise that president trump clearly showed that he has no intention of pressuring north korea through furtherre thening sanctions or military exercises. >> brangham: moon has labored to ease tensions between northan korethe u.s., and he's also called for reduced t sanctions north.

the vatican will open its hochives about "pope pius the 12th"-- the poperesided during world war ii. it follows decades of lobbying by jewish groups and owho say pius did little to save jews from the holocaust. pope francis had been under pressure to make the documents available while some holocaust survivors are still alive. in his announcement today, the pope said, "the church isn't afraid of history." back in this country, protests show no osiletting up in sacramento, california, afterci prosecutors d not to charge two policemen for killing an unarmed black man, stephon ark. police said they saw a flash and believed clark was shooting at them. it turned out he had a cell phone, but no gun. protesters took to the streets and burned flags after saturday's announcement. demonstrations continued on sunday, shutting down a mall. some 3,000 teachers in oakland, california returned to the classroom today afteoving a new contract deal. the teachers had stayed out ofsc ol for seven days. the deal gave them an 11% salary

hike over four years, and a one- time, 3% bonus. ed its week with a sell-off as investors waited to see if the u.s. and china can reach a trade deal. the dow jones industal average lost 206 points to close at 25,819. the nasdaq fell 17 points. and the s&p 500 slipped ten. and actor luke perry, who gained fame on the tv series "beverly inhills, 90210," died todaos angeles. he had suffered a major stroke lasteek. during the 1990s, perry played the hugely popular dylan mackay on the "90210" series. moreecently he had a regular role in the t.v.how "riverdale." luke perry was 52-years-old. still to come on the "newshour," what is venezuela's opposition leader's next move; amy walter and tamara keith on the ever- widening field of democratic 2020 candidates; a new book examines how the u.s. government

responds to hostage ransom demands; the often hidden world of photo c in a new exhibition; and much more. ra >>ham: venezuela's main opposition leader, juan guaido, returned to his country today, a we after deadly clashes ov aid shipments on his nation's borders. today, thousands gathered in the streets of caracas, the capital, to welcome home the man the u.s. considers the interim presidente of ven, as he continues his effort to unseat sitting president nicolas maduro.ck chifrin has this update. >> reporter: juan guaido had d kept tails of his travel back into the country secret, fearing the maduro governmentim might arrest the u.s. warned it would impose a "strong and significant response" if anything ed to him.

but guaido arrived safely in caracas, and urged his supporters to intenseir campaign against maduro. >> ( translated ): they threaten all of us re, they threatened me with jail and death. it will not be through persecution,t will not be through threats they will hold us back. we are here and we're more united than ever. we are here and are stronger than ever. >> reporter: the u.s. has been supporting guaido litically since he declared himself interim president on january 10, but so far, nicolas maduro has resisted pressure to sp down, and doesn't appear to be going anywhere. so what's next? and where does the opposition go from here? to talk about that i'm joined by carlos vecchio, guaido's representative here in washington, who is recognized ni the adration as the venezuelan ambassador. thank you very much for being on the "newshour". >> thank you for having me. >> reporter: so far, maduro has resisted international diplomatic pressure, massive political protes in the streets. major sanctions and an effort to force in humanitarian aid. what's can you realistically to to increase the pressure and oust maduro?

>> what we've seen today tell us that we're in the right path. i mean, we have a man of his word. he says and promised to the people of venezuela he would return to venezuela. he did it.ke this mus stronger, and i think the regime is weaker.ee weto increase all the pressure at the street levels with demonstrations, we are calling for a new demonstration this coming saturday. we wl need toncrease the pressure at the level of the national assembly, and also from the international community, and if we increase the level of pressure in thse three different levels, i think we could find a peaceful solutionin enezuela. that's what we want. >> reporter: if those re elementaries of pressure doesn't work, you would support a military intervention? s >> i wou we want to work with these three different levels. nobody wants a war. we have a war in place right now. maduro has created a manmade disaster in venezuela. are having the consequences of having a war with a war, in

certain way, and he's trying to push to that scenario, and we need to avot. that's why we need to increase the pressure now. we have the opportunity to avoid a war right thousand, so we need to increase that pressure if we want a peaceful solution in venezuela. all options will be on the table, but the maiserve jackal tore a peacefulio sol in venezuela is maduro. that's why we want to increase the pressure. >> reporter: also economic, the economy is expected to ullapse more in the coming months due to.s. sanctions. do you think the people of venezuela will be hurt more before the mauro's oust? >> the worst sanction venezuela has is maduro. this started a long time ago even before sanctions were imposed. if maduro continues in power you will see a catastrophe in venezuela and more than

5 million people out ofne ela. it's too much. 20 years has been too much. we have a huge opportunity in twontfront of us to recover oure ocracy, so the pressure is now. maduro imposed 10% inflation.ct without any sans from the u.s. and madhaurs 80% of poverty in venezuela. it's twice the size of the depression the u.s. has in the '30s. the problem is maduro. we need to recover our democracy and end the power of maduro and this is why we are pushing the pressure in venezuela on the streets. >> reporter: a lot of people scribe military support in maduro is the only reason he can maintain anpower. have you had any talks directly with the military leadership? >> we have been talking withcl them pub juan guaido, the new

commander-in-chief of the army force, and we are telli them you need to support the constitution, you need to back the new president of venezuela,b you need ton the side of the people who are suffering, and the majority of the soldiers, troops, they are with us because they areez venlans, they are suffering the same thing all the people are suffering, s reality and, at the end of the day, they will support what we are doing, they will support the change in nezuela venezuela, i don't have any doubt that the military, at the end of the day, will support what we are doing. >> reporter: but as you know, the commanders of the military, the leadership of the military. >> the top. >> reporter: the top of the military des support maduro and get quite a lot of economic, diplomatic, political incentives. >> they are loyal until they aren't, that has been our history. >> reporter: what's the tipping point how do you convince them? >> i would say if we increase e level of pressure in these three different levels, from the entreats, the national and

international community, that will move the military to back what we're doing in venezuela. >> reporter: much of the support has come from the us. do you feel that gives maduro a coe enient excuse wheren say it's the yankees that arei doing >> that is not the reality. >> reporter: but is it notth true thasus supporting guaido? >> i would s this is a movement led by venezuelans. the people that you saw in that video, are they ameri no, they are venezuelans, who are still talking beforof them -- before them. trump? no. so this is ana agenda that been set by us and we are getting the support of the ntersectional community a only from the u.s., from the most important latin americane countries anopean countries. so this is a fight between democracy and dictatorship. this is a fight between the free world and the regime of maduro.h

sot's the way we see it. i'm so proud to be a venezuelan and a latino because the cause of venezuela is taking mace in r country because to have the courage of our people. they are putting their life at risk thousand right now including juan guaido in oer to cheech our democracy, so we need to respect that. anegetting the support of t u.s. is good. it has become an important alliance, but this is beyond the u.s. >> reporter: carlos vecchio, ambassador of the administration, thank you very much. >> thank you for this time. >> brangham: the field of hdemocrats eyeing the whise in 2020 keeps growing, and this weekend the candidates were out aleover the country making case to voters that they're the one who can defep president trd get things done.

lisa desjardins has more on the race. >> reporter: stressing a bipartisan record in a purple state... e i think i'm the really only candidate out there who has a really strong record of bringing people together and getting things done. >> reporter: former colorado vernor john hickenlooper today became the latest democrat in thtopresidential race, addin a diverse field in background and ideologies. that spectrum was on display in selma, alabama, this weekend at events commemorating the bloody 1965 police attack on civil rights marchers there. >> now, on this historic day, we must now recommit ourselves to the cause of our country.>> reporter: senators cory booker, bernie sanders andow sherrod brn addressed a unity breakfast sunday morning. brown is considering a white >> reporter: but it was sanders dso attracted the largest cr of the weekend, in a kind of autobiographical tour.

saturday's stop was his lyildhood home-turf of bro and sunday in chicago sanders highlighted his student activism during theveivil rights nt. >> those years enabled me to understand a ltle bit about how wars get started, to learn about racism and povertynd other social ills. >> reporter: there are now 12 democrats running for president, falling across a political spectrum. on one side, the moderates: underscoring their bartisan credentials. then on the more left end: candidates advocating broad new taxes based on wealth, with money going to social programs. that leas the mixed middle, where candidates are warm toward larger health care programs, but so f propose more moderate t increases. >> i just want to be t republican that runs against them. reporter: president tru took aim at all of his potential opponents in a freewheeling speech saturday at c-pac, a conference for the political

right.im he c the farther left democrats go, with sweeping ideas like the green new deal to ve to only renewable energy, the more it will help him. >> the green new deal, right? green new deal. i encourage it.it i thin really something that they should promote. >> reporter: trump's campaign- style improvisational speech lasted two hours and two minutes. for the pbs newshourlisa desjardins. >> brangham: and that brings us olitics monday with amy walter of the "cook political report" and the host ofmy "politics withalter" on wync radio. and tamara keith of npr.e -costs the "npr politics podcast." welcome. "politics monday." see you guys. so as lisa is repsorting, thi 2020 field of democrats keeps getting bigger every time i look down, somebody new is popping into the race, as we saw in selma in lisa's report and other loales, the democrats seem to be trying to cultivate voters of color.

a> right. >> reporter: ho they making that message and appeal? >> well, to understand the importance of voters of color, it's both they make up a significant significant nstituency in the primaries. in the early primary states, once you get out of new hampshire andi iowa whch are not diverse, then you get into places like south carolinahere the electorate in 2016 was over 60% people of color. super tuesday, march 3rd, not long after south c solina, you haates like alabama, georgia and texas, california, again, very sfght communities og color --ficant communities of color in those states. for the first few weeks to have the 2020 primary voters of color wi be important. in the last two primaries, one candidate pretty much monopolized the votes of that constituency. barack obama won over 80, 90% of

african-american voters and then in 2016, it was hillary clinton who did well. who did not st welbut those voters overwhelmingly. this would be a vey different time because you have so manyat cand, there's no clear frontrunner, it sometimes unlikely we'll get down to south carolina with just two people, we'll have multiple candidates or even by march third. the big differee inerms of bernie sanders in terms of reaching out to african-american voters wasn't what he just was talking about bt had sean king speaking for him, a civil rights activist, young african-american, been with bernie sanders since the campaign beginning. his message was, look, bernie has been with us for a long time. you don't know his stoatry and he not because he's new to ohis, it's because he doesn't like talking a himself. and, so, when all these fol come courting you, just remember

who's been there from the very beginning from the '60s till now. >> braham: this is something bernie struggled with last timer nd. >> absolutely. bernie sanders basically tied in iowa, won new hampshire by a lot and, in theory, could have barreled his way forward, but hillary clinton had a wall in a south caroli also nevada and it was because the electorate was more diverse those states and bernie sanders really struggled to reach those voters. w do you know that sanders is taking his run much more seriously this time than last time? how do you know he considershi elf a frontrunner? because he is out of the gate, trying to fix what he couldn't fix last time. last time he did hve somof the younger blac "black lives m" activists, he had younger voters of color but he couldn't win over older voters of color, and he's trying, now, with this very deliberate effort out of the gate to run this campaign

differently and say he prioritizes those issues, that he doesn't see just fixing income inequality as fixing rger problems for people of color. >> right. >> brangham: this past week we saw whaflt likweek one of th democrats taking over the house, trotting out michael cohen for getting allegedly illegal mush money payments and dealing with russia on front pages of local papers all over the country, and we saw jerry nadler today putting out a long list people he wants to talk to and documents he wants to see. >> we knew this was no surprise. s we knew ts coming when democrats took control of congress. it was clear their priority was to be a check on the president. now they didn't say in their campaign ads, we're going to bring uple 80 people in front of the judiciary committee. the question that's next is isus this a prelude to the

ultimate outcome which is an inpeoplement proceed g? >> branghae leadership doesn't want to see. >> the democrats don't want to talk aboes it. the ent and republicans like talking about it. this has just been preordained from the beginning, we're never going to get a free chance, they're not going to look at us with anything othern thalace and pre-ordained suspension. the other thing is wha i think will be interesting is, you know, michael cohen was very obviously flashy first witness but he was also very complicit and nted to help democrats hold on to the people coming front of these next committees.: >> branghey will be drug kicking and screaming. >> they won't be interested ing helpke the case for democrats. >> brangham: in lisa's report, e speech that the president gave at c-pac this weekend,r striking to rformance that he gave. he does, as lisa highlighted, seems to relish the idea of running against the democrats, picking on their issues and

s.ally diving into thi >> well, yeah, because he likes a fight, and now he has an opponent or 12 to 14, depending on how you count, andpp he's hay to have them, and add alexandria ocasio-cortez and the green new deal, add sat to hi arsenal the donald trump show, a campaign style speech where he goes after everybody and takes no prisoners in.le pen the crowd at c-pac and his rallies come for the show.lk g about tax policy, that's not what they come for. they come for insult comedy, and now there's more of it. >> yeah, and that, you know, he's hoping that the democrats are able to make a case for him that couldn't be made by him himself, which is you m not like it seems t me, but you likn the blank person less because they go much further. we had a 2018 election that was

a referendum on the president. the republicans did badly. the referendum said we want checks on this president, democrats won the popular vote by almost 9 points. if it's aen refm election, the president won't win. an it is a choice election, then the president ha opportunity to win. >> brangham: lastly, tam, very quickly, we saw with jay inslee, the governor from washington, say he's going to run onlimate change. how salient do you think that's going to be is this. >> an interesting idea, among democrats, climate change is an issue they care about, it's theu er two issue back on the eve of the midterms. number tbewo issues ind healthcare for democrats, big issue. but if you look at oth polls, pew, some of the surveys, it's the most polarizing issues, democrats think it's ag deal, republicans don't want to talk

about it. helpful in a primary, but in a general election, very pongrizing. >> bm: amy, tam, thank you very much. >> you're welcome. >> brangham: the islamic state once controlled large parts of iraq and syria, but now th "state" is close to being completely destroyed. the brutal fight against isis c has beonicled by hundreds of reporters over the last five years, but some of thoseur lists were taken hostage. as judy woodruff explored recently, negotiating withheir captors revealed a stark divide between the united states and the united kingdom on one side, and many european nations on the other, over how best to secure the hostages' release. >> woodruff: "we want to negotiate: the secret world of kidnapping, hostages and ransom" explores the ethical, ral dilemmas that arise when trying

to secure the rease of reporters when trying to d their job. its author joel simon and we are joined by diane foley, the mother of james foley, an american journalists murdered by the islamic state in 2014. she is t. of the gapless w. foley legacy foundation. welcome to the program. joel, simon, you have a full-time job running the committee to protect jonalists. why did you want to write a book at hosdge taking an how governments deal wit?i >> beingnapped san occupational hazard forar journalistnd the world. in 2017 a number of international aid work, and otherse weken hostage by the islamic state, and diane actually came tod me an asked ior my help securing jim's release and, after was killed, we had a conversation,

and diane encouraged me to lok into this issue. >> woodruff: in a nutshell you looked at the approacken by so many governments, you looked at many examples of what has happened over the years. what was your final understanding about why the u.s. approach was what it was, which is make nu >> yeah, what happened was, in 1973, couple of american diplomats were taken hostage ini kart sudan. one to have the demands was the release of sur han sur han, thee convicted ki of robert f. kennedy. the next day president nixon had a conference scheduled and he was asked what was he going to do. he saide won't pay black mail or negotiate. e hostages were killed. so the whole policy of don't negotiate was borne in blood and emerged from that moment. >> woodruff: diane foley,ve

yoritten since your son was murdered by the islamic state, that the u.s. vernment could have done more to win his veeedom. what do you belhey could have done and why do you think it would have worked? >> i know that no one canome home if no government plans to talk to captors, and that was the case, when jim was taken. it was as if f.b.i. and state departments' hands were tied. they were not allowed to engage with the captors at all. so we had about a one-month window when the captors werere hing out to us. >> woodruff: they were writing to your family. >> yes, and gave us proof of life, etcetera. but our government was not allowed to engage at all, and it s, like, jim's fate was sealed right there. >> woodruff: one of the arguments made about all of this is, when you pay, when you say you are willi r to pay youn the risk that you are encouraging more kidnapping, more hostage takinin the

future. how do you answer that? >> well, first of all, i started out when i did theesearch with that assumption, it's logical,e but ta doesn't support it. kidnapping is really a crime oft opity, and there's no or very little evidence to suggesti thatnappers are checking passports and your nationality will determine whether you're kidnapped regardls of the particular policy your government has. >> woodruff: diane,oel writes in the book that you told mresident obama to his face when you met with at the whi h house thats administration could have done more than they did. >> and he agreed. when his initial message was that jim was thi hghest priority, but i told the president, with all duepe res, that was not the case, and he apologized. he said they could do more. a >> woodruf you convinced a ransom would have gotten your son out safely?wo

>> i think whad have gotten him out would have been the engagement of the government or a security firm who couldeg engage andotiate, talk to them, find out what they really wanted. >> woodruff: but your point is there wasnk joel's is no engagement. l, none at all. >> woodruff: jos that changing? >> there's a little more -- there is more flexibility under the new rubric, and president obama, when he announced the hostage policy review, he pointed out that americans have not been prosecuted for paying ransom. diane and oer american hostage families were told at one point they might be prosecuted and going to jail for ran smgin their loved ones and president obama said that has not beethe case. but when the hostage policy review was conducted, one thing never on the table was the no

concessions framework. that was reiterate. so we're still in the framework of we don't negotiate. >> woodruff: the question we keep coming back to is how much should a government epared to do? should there be any limit on what you're prepared to do to win back the life ofn american citizen? >> national security is a perfectly legitimate framework from which to ask and answe these questions. but i think putting it within a rigid polwoicy fra, taking cutions off the table that could enhance national sty and there may be circumstances where bringing a hostage home mar.kess sa we owe it to the families to do everything we can to csider every option and to support them and to not take any opt the table. >> woodruff: diane, finally, what would your message be to the american people look at what happened to you, to your son and wonder, god, we hope

this never happens again, what can we make sure it does snnt. >> well, the reality is, ie think, mord more americans are traveling internationally all the time through work or education, as journalists, aid workers, so, unfortunately, a lot tsof terrornd criminals see hostage taking as a way to get cloud, money, influence,. whatev and i do think our government should have the backs of god americans who got -- good americans who go out in the world and being unjustly detained or kidnapped while doing their work. i really think it's important that our country make this a national priority. >> woodruff: diane fley, joel samsimon, thank you both. the book is "we want to negotiate: the secret world of kidnapping, hostages and ransom." thank you. >> tha you, judy. .

>> brangham: and now, we put a lens on the story behind the photos in a major museum. jeffrey brown looks at the artistry that goes into preserving images r years to come. it's part of "canvas," our regular series on arts and culture. >> reporter: within the walls of the art institute of chicago resides one of the nation's foremost collections of photography. here, works by 20th century masters such as alfred stieglitz and walker evans share space with daguerreotypes from the earliest days of the medium. for a collection this size and quality to be fit for the viewing public hours of i painstaking worequired behind the scenes. >> reporter: penichon and her >> you could say i am maybe the

primary care physician of the photograph collection. >> reporter: primary care physician? >> yes. >> reporter: when there's trouble or something's wrong, they calyou? >> or maybe not... just for their annual checkup. you do a regular checkup to make sure that everything is okay, and that's what we do, too. >> reporter: penichon and her team are responsible for maintaining, preserving and repairing the morehan 24,000 pieces in the museum's collection. it's delicate and time-consuming work, often overlooked and not fully understood. we may think of photographs as "images," but for conservators, they're first and foremost individual "objects." >> i think the misconception p especially ftographs is you can just make another one. we often think of photograph as a reproduction medium. you know we can easily print. you know, two prints are the same, and they're actually not. there are slight differences that make every single print unique >> reporter: their behind-the- scenes work is now getting its own exhibition treatment at the art institute. on display: a history ofog

phphic methods and materials, tools used by conservators, and be-and- after shots that demonstrate the painstaking lengths taken to repair and restore photographs. ample: a photograph by andre kertesz which suffered damage to its corner that required weeks months to analyze and repair. >> for doing this we had to pick a paper that had the same thickness of this phph, and then build layers so that the sheen of the surface texture of the photograph would be mimicked. so right here we made a new corner basically and reposition the part that was ripped and painted the area where the image was missing.ut >> reporter: bhe conservator's role is as much preserving photographs as repairing them. to that end, the art institute employs a massive cold storage facility where it holds its entire collection. d rees for black and white photographs. it's cold in here!

no warmer than 40 degrees for color. >> the dyes naturally will fade at room temperature, even in the dark. even if we never show them, they will fade. by being in the cold, the dyes don't fade as fast. the colder the temperature, the slower reaction.k >> reporter: b the exhibit, the effects are plain to see. two prints by joel meyerowitz of the gateway arch in st. louis: one kept in cold storage for 22 years, the other just eight. >> the more we study, the more we understand the effect of tim certain things like pollution in the air, ozone from the photocopy machine or things like this. and we understand better how certain things have a aging effect more than others. and we try to mitigate those. >> reporter: to penichon, all this is neededo preserve what she describes as the" materiality" of a photograph.

>> why is the materiality important?ph ograph is in itself as an object encapsulate a moment. it is the reflection of a certain moment. the way we decide to do things is a choice. and this choice is encapsulated in the results. so that photograph... not only the image is a moment in time, the object itself represent that moment as well. >> reporter: of course, in the age of smartphones and digital cameras "materiality" has changed. the art institute has stepped up its collection of digital media, but penichon fears something may be lost. >> you need a machine to look at them. they're not... you can't stumble on your photograph like you would your grandparents', you know, in a shoe box with printsg our grandkids at-grand kids, they're not going to stumble a shoe box.

>> reporter: so there's something, something to be said for the old shoebox. >> even though it's not, we tell people don't put your photos in a shoe box. >> reporter: you do? >> yes. yes. because it's not ideal. but there is something to be said about the shoe box. r orter: the "conserving photographs" exhibit will run through april. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the art institute of chicago. >> brangham: and we'll be back shortlwith a brief but spectacular take on race and confrontations with police. but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station. it's a chance to offer your support, which helps keep programs like ours on the air.

for those who are staying with us, a story about the challenge of finding captive ds a new home. that's the goal for a group of dolphins in baltimore's inner harbor, who've been a major attraction for millions of visitors over the years. miles o'brien has this encore sty. >> reporter: at the national aquarium in baltimore, a dolphin's y is carefully planned and meticulously executed by a team of trainers. susie walker ione of them. >> our dolphins fed six meals a day and there's a lot of t goals we have to accomplish with them throughout the day. we have enrichments between 12:00 and 1:00. it's their free time. ytthey can do pretty much ng they want. 1:00 session is a learning session, so were focusing a lot on learning new behaviors. 3:00 is a relationship session. it's very important that we really understand them as individuals because they're all very different from one another.

>> reporter: somehow in the course of this busy day, there is time for this. >> good morning everybody, welcome to dolphin discovery. >> reporter: chance for people to enjoy these beautiful, smart animals in action. >> it's a thrill to see them up close. >> really good look on how powerful these guys are. >> reporter: but don't call it a show. the aquarium prefers to describe it as a presentation. the semantic shift is telling-- part of a sea change. a new way of thinking aboutis whether s humane. >> this show model doesn'thi really work inaquarium. >> reporter: john racanelli is the c.e.o. and president.ic he says the pu and the professionals-- have become increasingly disenchanted with this s >> we need to get out of that awful era that we've been rough for the last 100 years of caging animals. >> reporter:ut habitat-based organizations, places that really try to give the animals c

that kind ice and control, create naturalistic setting for them, reeate habitats as best we can, i think that's the best hope we have for hums to be able to continue to connect with animals in an increasingly urbanized distant world. >> reporter: but that is not possible here in baltimore's inner harbor. that reality, coupled with a loominneed to spend up to $30 million to repair and renovate this 26-year-old fility, prompted racanelli to announce a bold decision in 2016. the show will not go on. and despite all the doting care, the dolphins' days here are numbered. in 2020, the aquarium plans to move its captive dolphins to a large outdoor sanctuary. an enclosed, yet natural, environment that none of these animals has ever known. >> as far as we know, there arei no sanct like this for eolphins in the world. there are many pe talking

>> reporter: the $15 million dream looks like this: making the rendering real has prompted racanelli and his team to log a lot of mileage on the overseas highway in thida keys. >> ts has been their habitat for probably, millions of years ever since florida was a giant coral reef. >> reporter: on this day, they visited cudjoe key, 20 miles from keyofest. it is onbout 30 sites they have seen, and it is a leading contender. can you imagine your dolphins being here? >> you look at this and you look at that rendering side by side, all we need is an egret to fly to the picture >> reporter: racanelli and dive safety officer jackie cooper got geared up for a look beneath the surface. >> this would be a good spot to work with the dolphins. >> so, so far, so really good. >> reporter: it is an abandoned limestone quarry excavated in the early 1900s build the railroad. it contains about 150 times more water than the concrete tank in

baltimore. it is enclosed, but limestone is allyus, so it is nat filled with the water and life found in the gulf mexico. what they saw underwater did nothing to change their mindsit about the ility of this place. how was it? >> i think the thing that was most impressive was there was life everywhere, everywhere. every time you turn around a bunch of littlclams and scallops are closing their doors. did you hear the snapping shrimp? >> i did hear the pihrimp this time. >> absolutely! that was really cool. they were cracking it up down there, wherever they are. >> lots of lots of life.lots of >> reporter: meanwhile, back in baltimey are working hard to make the move less stressful for the dolphins and the humans. othey have taught the pod drink water so their system can be flushed if they eat the wrong thing. and they are teaching them how to swim onto stretchers.

kerry diehl is an assistant curator of dolphin discovery. >> eventually we'd like to have them come up out of the water and be held by multiple people. from there we want them to be comfortable being lifted in a stretcher. and in theory we can tthem for a ride around baltimore and get used to that, used to being in a truck, the sods, the sights of all that. it's just like any other behavior, we break each behaviot downbaby steps. we're going to do the same thing with this. it's just a bigger, re challenging behavior. >> reporter: they have raised >> reporter: to be sure, these dolphins are not going to be set free. without regular meals they wouln like survive for long in the wild. >> their world since birth has sen governed by interacti with humans. it is one of their key stimuli, and as a result, i really thinka ng away the humans would be one of the worst things we could do. this team is very tightly bonded with the dolins and several of them will go with the dolphins. i think that interaction will continue for a long time, if nos for the full lf these dolphins. >> reporter: so even once theydo are herehin days will be similar.

>> the goal is to try to help the dolphins really feel comftable with some of the things that they're going to experience, so that it's not a whole bu time.change all at one >> it's an exciting experiment because is groundbreaking.ng and there is something about that that's very satisfying, to give these dolphins the opportunitto truly thrive. >> reporter: this is the road not yet traveled, but if it works, the aquarium expects captive dolphins from other facilities will come here, maki it easier to imagine a world where dolphins are no longer confined in concrete. in cudjoe key, florida, i'm miles o'brien for the pbs newshour. ng >> bm: as we reported earlier, sacramento is just the latest flash point exposing deep divisions about race and policing in america.

in tonight's brief but spectacular, tetrina blaylock of mississii offers her personal take on losing a loved one at the hands of the police, and her desire for respect. >> can you describe your first hand experience with racism and prejudice? e. in mississippi? that's all the t ( laughs ) i had an incident in the grocery store not far from here, where it was an older white lady so i'm just gna give it up to you know she just didn't know better, so we we getting ready to check out, and yes i had more items than her but i was in a hurry, so she said you should let me in front of you so i turned to her like this and i said oh, okay, i said well she ably couldn't open up he line in a minute and i kept preeding on, so she said y coloreds don't know your place.

you never think your cousin gonna be the one who gonna get shot by the police i said we have questions that we need answers. n i said i saying my cousin was perfect because he was in and out of jail so you automatically assume he a thug.u what happened to my cousin was overkill. from my understanding, my cousin was like this when he got shot. the police officers who shot my cousin guess what they said?" i was in fear for my life." my cousin wasn't 120 pounds soaking wet with snow boots on. okay? he was shot in his head, he s shot in his arm, he was shot in his chest. the moment you hit him and he's falling back like this the threat is gone. i'm trying to figure how you have one officer that shoots two people months of each other back on the job, you have two officers who shot my cousinthey weren't off

from work three months, they're back on the job, but you want me to have trust in this system that it's gonna workn my favor. p myersonal experiences with the law they've been good and bad. i went to jail for speeding. i think the speed , mit's maybe d i think i was going 34, and he said th they don't play that there. i've been taken to jail for something i had nothing to do with. i've been pulled over. i've had them tear my car up once before. i'm like fannie lou hamer, i'm sick and tired of being sick and tired. i have the same rights and privileges that you have. it's a respect thing. tupac ce said that you can only beat on the door so long before you're gonna come and try to kick it down and i done knock on the door, i done rung the doorbell, i've asked and i'm to the point now i'm ready to kick down doors and be like hey, you're gonna either give me my respect, or i'mma get my respect.am

myis tetrina blalock, and this is my brief but spectacular take ongrespect. >> bm: you can watch all our "brief but spectacular" episodes at pbs.org/newshour/bri and that's the newshour for night. i'm william brangham. join us on-line and again here for all of us at the p newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that tee hes real-lnversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> bnsf railway. >> consumer cellular. >> american cruise lines. >> and by the alfred p. sloan foundation. supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial

literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful world. more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions >> this program was made possible by the corporation foru broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsored by newshour productions, llc captioned by cess group at wgbh access.wgbh.org you're watchin

hello, everyone, and welcome to "amanpour & company." here's what's coming up. terrifying wildfires, catastrophic flooding, polluted ciair. thece of climate change is beyond refute, but is fear now the only thing that can save us? journalist david wallace wells on why it is time panic. then -- >> should these judges at least pretend to be impartiata >> s of hit crime dramathe blacklist," hollywood actor james spader talks h ourry sreenvasan. and more than 500 oays in of the most notorious prisons in the world. journalist jason rezaian on his brutal dettion in tehran.