ning sponsored by newshour productions, llc >> brangham: good evening. i'm william brangham. judy woodruff is away. on the "newsur" tonight, tornadoes carve a path of destruction through the southeast, claiming over 20 lives and leveling whole sections of towns in alabama and georgia. then, a conversation with carlos vecchio, the man the u.s. recognizes as the venezuelan ambassador, as opposition leader juan guaido returns to a country in crisis. plus, preserving the past-- a new exhibition highlights the painstaking work of photo conservation. >> the misconception especially for photographs is you can just make another one. you know, we can easily printpr twts that are the same, and they're actually not. there are slight differences that make every single print unique. >> brangham: all that and more

on onight's "pbs newshour." >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: ♪ ♪ moving our economy for 160 years. bnsf, the engine that connects us. >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life convertions in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> consumer cellular.

>> the william and flora hewlett foundation. for more than 50 years, advancing ideas and supporting institutions to promote a better world. at www.hewlett.org. >> and with the ongoing support of these institutions: >> this program was made porible by the corporation public broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. >> brangham: search crews in alabama have spent this day looking through tornado wreckage and hoping to find nothing.'s

sundtorm ripped apart everything it hit, with winds of 170 miles-an-hour. at lea 23 people were killed, making it deadliest tornado in the united states in six years.n eauregard, alabama, homes have been reduced to piles of debris along a county highway. the deadly tornado tore through this rural community, just 60 miles northeast of montgomery near the georgia border,n sunday. the storm cut a path nearly one mile wide and 24 miles long after touching down. it snapped pine trees in half, wrapped metal siding around their trunks and ripped down power lines and a cell phone tower, now splayed acrosthe highway. kevin and becky boyd were inside their mobile home when the tornado hit. underneath the bed and the trailer's upside down in the backyard on top of my shed.y it knockedasses off. on i felt it rolling. i tumbled over and ended uy stomach and i had to crawl out once i encould get my legs straiged and he lifted things off of me.

>> brangham: the boyds escaped seneous injury, but at least of their neighbors was killed. >> it looks almost as if someone took a gnt knife and just scrapped the ground. there are slabs where homes formally stood there is debris everywhere. >> brangham: lee county sheriff jay jones warned tdeay that the ath toll is likely to rise as rescue and recovery effort continue. >> a lot of our first responders i have not seen this type of level of devastation ever in my experience here in lee county. >>rangham: overall, the tornado that struck alabama was one of more than a dozen to hitf parteorgia, south carolina and florida over the weekend. >> when you get into this kind of range, like 165 miles per hour, you start to seeot only exterior walls that collapse on well-built homt you also start to see the interior walls. >> brangham: kevin laws is chief scientist at the national weather service in birmingham, alabama. he says the storm quickly intensified after a front of cold arctic air slammed into warm, humid southern air.

and while warnings went out, laws says homes in the area are simply not built to sustain such a storm. >> the teams are out assessing-- they're seeing a lot of where mobile and manufactured homes once were-- are now completely destroyed. so, if you're in one of those homes, it's probably about one of the worst places you can possibly be. >> brangham: just across the , state line from beaurega georgia, another tornado touched down in talbot county, about 80 miles south of atlanta. toaty, residents surveyed whs ft, picking up clothing and other personal items, some thrown hundreds of feet from their yard. one woman id she prayed for her family as the tornado blew through. >> my babies. i just covered them just like this and calling on jesus. just kept saying "jesus cover us, cover us jesus." >> brangham: a handf georgians were hurt, but governor brian kemp today said the state escaped the worst. >> we certainly dodged a bullet, and we're thankful for that. >> brangham: back in alabama, rescue efforts are continuing, but the storm system broughtem

freezingratures in its wake, and some 8,000 people are without power. for an on-the-ground report we're joined by phone by jere y redmon of tlanta journal constitution." he's in lee county, alabama, today. jeremy, thanheyou for being . the pictures we're seeing of the devastation there are just horrible. o wonder if you could give us a sense of whatre seeing on the ground now? >> the sheriff here gave an adequate description. i think he said it looked like someone had take an knife and scraped the ground th it. uregardout there in bea today, and yellow insulation is hanging from the trees, one house has a truck on ids side in the front yard, homes destroyed, roofs offcars on the side, pretty grim. >> brangham: the number of victims expected to go up as search and rescue efforts continue can you tell us about the people who have already been killed in

this tragedy? >> yeah, unfortunately, 23 people have been killed, among them, three children, ages 6, 9, and 10. they've not identified any of them. the oldest is in the '70s or -- 70s or eights, but thesay as they comb through the wreckage, they may find more. a >> branghayou have been hearing from people who survived, what kind of stories have they been telling you? >> pretty harrowinge stories ofople scrambling to get into the bathroom, the bathtub, the closet, the sound of a freight train is how they describe it. people are openly weeping here, a lot of stunned expressions and people are grappling with the devastation. >> brangham: it's still cold there and thousandsutre wit power. how are people holding up? >> it was really striking. this morning around 10:00,re 10:30, tere dozens of people that filed into the

beauregard high school gymnasium, today in the circle and held hands and led ar. pra there were people openly crying current service but certainly a gn of solidarity. >> brangham: and i understood you heard from one local reverend and what happened to his pary.ticular fam >> certainly. so this is providence baptist urch that is serving as a shelter for storm victims. the assocte pastor chuck adams said he got an urgen't call from his daughter that her future father in law was trapped underneath the breckage his own home in the area. the family took shelter ithe house. the storm took the modular home and threw it 70 yards, according to reverend adams, destroying it and trapping h alabama state trooper robby boroughs underneath the debrivment he was rescued but suffered a ncussion, broken ribs and a back injury. >> brangham: jeremy redmon of the atlanta journal

constitution. thank you very much.th >> brangham: iday's other news: house democrats opened two more tnvestigations of presid trump. the judiciary committee demanded documents from 81 people linked to the president and associates. it's part of a probe into possible obstruction of justice and other abuses of power. the president was asked if he'll cooperate with the investigation, as he welcomed the "north dakota state university" football team. >> i coopera all the time with everybody. and you know the beautiful thing: no collusion, it's all a hoax. you're gonna learn about that when you grow older. it's a political hoax. there's no collusionhe >> brangham:emocratic chairs of the house foreign affairs, intelligence and oversight committees also weighed in today. they want records of president trump's meetings with russadn president ir putin. the focus is whether mr. trump tried to conceal detailsicf those commions. president putin has suspended russia's participaon in a landmark arms treaty with the u.s. the 1987 accord banned mium-

range, land-based cruise missiles. putin's action today is asp se to president trump's decision to withdraw from the treaty last month. each country accuses the other of violating the treaty. the president of south today moved to salvage nuclear negotiations between the u.s.ko and norta. moon jae-in called for three-way talks involving both kors and the u.s. he spoke in seoul, following the failed summit betweepresident trump and north korea's kim jong-un. >> ( translated ): we highly value that president trump explained why he could not reach an agreent with north korea inmm meeting and that he showed unchanged trust toward chairman kim jong-un and expressed optimistic views for future talks with kim. also, we praise that president trump clearly showed that he has no intention of pressuringorth korea through further strengthening sanctions or military exercises. >> brangham: moon has labored to ease tensions between northd korea e u.s., and he's also called for reducedhe sanctions onorth. the vatican will open its

pchives about "pope pius the 12th"-- the pope wsided during world war ii. it follows decades of lobbying s by jewish groups and otho say pius did little to save jews from t holocaust. pope francis had been under pressure to make the documentsso available whil holocaust survivors are still alive. in his announcement today, the pope said, "the church isn't afraid of history." back in this country, protests show no f signtting up in sacramento, california, afterde prosecutors denot to charge two policemen for killing an unarmed black man, stephoncl k. police said they saw a flash and believed clark was shooting at th. it turned out he had a cell phone, but no gun. protesters took to the streets and burned flags after saturday's announcement. demonstrations continued on sunday, shutting down a mall. some 3,000 teachers in oakland, california returned to the classroom today after ing a new contract deal. the teachers had stayed out ofho for seven days. the deal gave them an 11% salary

hike over four years, and a one- time, 3% bonus. its week withen a sell-off as investors waited to see if the u.s. and china can reach a trade deal. the dow jones industrial averagt 06 points to close at 25,819. the nasdaq fell 17 points. and the s&p 500 slipped ten. and actor luke perry, who gained fame on the tv series "beverly llls, 90210," died today angeles. he had suffered a major stroke last wk. during the 1990s, perry played the hugely popular dylan mackay on the "90210" series. more recently he had a regular role in the t.v. sw "riverdale." luke perry w 52-years-old. still to come on the "newshour," what is venezuela's opposition leader's next move; amy walter and tamara keith on the ever- widening field of democratic 2020 candidates; a new book examines how the u.s. government responds to hostage ransom

demands; the often hidden world of photo conservation on display in a new exhibition; and much more. ha >> bra venezuela's main opposition leader, juan guaido, returned to his country today, a week aer deadly clashes over aid shipments on his nation's borders. today, thousands gathered in the streets of caracas, thtal, to welcome home the man the u.s. considers the interim president of venezue he continues his effort to unseat sitting president nicolas maduro.ch nickrin has this update. >> reporter: juan guaido hadai kept the d of his travel back into the country secret, fearing the maduro government might arrest him. the u.s. warned it would impose a "strong and significant edsponse" if anything happ to him. but guaido arrived safely in

caracas, and urged his eisupporters to intensify campaign against maduro. >> ( translated ): they threaten all of us here, they threatened me with jailnd death. it will not be through persecution, it will not be through threats they will hold us back. we are here and we're more united than ever. er are here and are stro than ever. >> reporter: the u.s. has been supporting guaido polically since he declared himself interim president on january 10, but so far, nicolas maduro has resisted pressure to step down, and doesn't appear to be going anywhere.t' so wnext? and where does the opposition go from here? to talk about that i'm joined by carlos vecchio, guaido'sve representaere in washington, who is recognized by the administration as the venezuelan ambassador. thank you very much for being on the "newshour". >> thank you for hav. >> reporter: so far, maduro has resisted international diplom mic pressure,assive political protests in the streets. major sanctions and an effrcorto in humanitarian aid. listically tou rea to increase the pressure and oust maduro? >> what we've seen today tell us

that we're in the right path. i mean, we have a man of his sword. s and promised to the people of venezuela he would return to venezuela. he did it. this makes us stronger, and i think the regime is weaker. we need to increase all the pressure at the street levels with demonstrations, we are calling for a new demisstration oming saturday. we will need to increase the pressure at the level of the national assembly, and also from the international community, and if we increase te level of pressure in these three different levels, i tfink we coulnd a peaceful solution in venezuela. that's what we want. >> reporter: if those three elementaries of pressure don't work, you would support a military intervention? >> i would say we want to work with these three difre levels. nobody wants a war. we have a war in place rightno maduro has created a manmade disaster in venezuela. we ae having the consequences of having a war with a war, in

rtain way, and he's trying to push to that scenario, and we need to avoid it. that's why w the pressure now. we have the opportunity to avoid a war right thousand, so we need to increase that pressure if we want a peaceful solution in venezuela. all options will be on the sble, but the main oberve jackal tore a peaceful solutio in venezuela is maduro. that's why we want to increase the pressure. >> reporter: also economic, the economy is expected to collapse more in t coming months due to u.s. sanctions. do youhink the people of venezuela will be hurt more before the maduro's oust? >> the worst sanction venezuela has is maduro. this started a long time ago even before sanctions were imposed. if maduro continues in power you will see a catastrophe in venezuela and more than million people out of

venezuela. it's too much. 20 years has been too much. we have huge portunity in twontfront of us to recover ouro decracy, so the pressure is now. maduro imposed 10% inflation. without any sanctions from the u.s. and maduro has 80% of poverty in venezuela. it's twice the size of the depression the u.s. has in the '30s. the problem is madur we need to recover our democracy and end the power of maduro and this is why we are pushing the pressure in venezuela on the streets. >> reporter: a lot of people describe military support in maduro is th only reason can maintain any power. have you had any talks directly with the m litaryeadership? >> we have been talking with them publicl juan guaido, the new commander-in-chief of the army

force, and we are telling tem you need to support the constitution, you need to back one new president of venezuela, you need to bhe side of the people who are suffering, and the majority of the soldiers, troops, they are with us because they are venezuelans, they are suffering the sam thing all the people are suffering, so they know the peality and, at the end of the day, they will srt what we are doing, they will support the change in veneela venezuela, i don't have any doubt that the military, at the end of the day, will support what we are doing. >> reporter: but as you know, the commanders of e military, the leadership of the military. >> the top. >> reporter: the top of the military does support maduro and get lite of economic, diplomatic, political incentives. >> they are loyal until they aren't, that has been our history. >> reporter: what's the tipping point? how do you convince them? >> i would say if we increase thlevel of pressure in these three different levels, from the entreats, the national andmm international ity, that will move the military to back

what we're doing in venezuela. >> reporter: much of the support has come fre u.s. do you feel that gives mauro a convenient excuse where he can say it's thare yankees tha doing this? >> that is not the reality. >> reporter: but is it not true that the sus supporting guaido? >> i would say this is a movement led by venezuelans. the people that you saw in that video, are they americans? no, they are venezuelao are still talking before of them -- before them. trump? no. so this is an agenda that has been set by us and are getting the support of the intersectional community and not only from the u.s., from the most important latin american countries and european countries. so this is a fight between democracy and dictas rship. thisfight between the free world and the regime of maduro. so that's the way we see it. p

i'm oud to be a venezuelan and a latino because the cause of venezuela is taking mace in our country because to have the courage of our peopl a th putting their life at risk thousand right now including juan guaido in order to cheech our democracy, so we need to respect that. and getting the support of the u.s. is od. it has come an important alliance, but this is beyond the u.s. >> reporter: carlos vecchio, ambassador of the administration, thank you very much. thank you for this time. >> brangham: the field of desecrats eyeing the white h in 2020 keeps growing, and this weekend the candidates were out all ov the country making the case to voters that they're the one who can defeat pd sident trump t things done. lisa desjardins has more on the

race. >> reporter: stressing aec bipartisand in a purple state... >> i think i'm the really the only candidate out there who has a really strong record of bringing people together and getting things done. >> reporter: former coloradove or john hickenlooper today became the latest democrat in the pridential race, adding to a diverse field in background and ideologies. that spectrum was on display i, selma, alabais weekend at events commemorating the bloody 1965 police attack on civil rights marchers there. >> now, on this historic day, we must now recommit ourselves to the cause of our country. r eporter: senators cory booker, bernie sanders andad sherrod brdressed a unity breakfast sunday morning. brown is considering a white >> reporter: but it was sanders who attracted the largest crowds of the weekend, in a kind of autobiographical tour. saturday's stop was his

chn.dhood home-turf of brook and sunday in chicago sanders highlighted his student activism during the cmeil rights mo.>> hose years enabled me to understand a little bit aboutrs how et started, to learn about racism and poverty and other social ills. >> reporter: there are now 12 democrats running for president, falling across a political spectrum. on one side, the moder underscoring their bipartisan credentials. th on the more left end: candidates advocating broad new taxes based on wealth, with money going to social programs. that leaves the mixed middle,ca wheridates are warm toward larger health care programs, but so far ppose more moderate tax increases. >> i just want to be the republican that runs against them. >> rorter: president trump took aim at all of his potential opponents in a freewheeling speech saturday at c-pac, a conference for the political right.

he claimed the farther left democrats go, with sweeping ideas like the green new deal to to only renewable energy, the more it will help him. >> the green new deal, right? green new deal. i encourage it. i think it's really something that they should promote. >> reporter: trump's campaign- style improvisational speech lasted two hours and two minutes. for the pbs newshour, sa desjardins. >> brangham: and that brings us to politics monday with amy walter of the "cook political report" and the host of "politics with amy walter" on wync radio. and tamara keith of npr. she co-costs the "npr politics podcast." s lcome. "politnday." see you guys. so as lisa is reporting, this 2020 field of democrats keeps getting bigger. every time i look down, somebody new is popping into the race, as we saw in selma in lisa's report and other loces, the democrats seem to be trying to cultivate voters of color. re right. >> reporter: how hey

making that message and appeal? >> well, to understand the importance of voters of color, it's both they make up a significant significant constituency in the primaries. in the early primary states, once you get out of new hampshire andowa whch are not diverse, then you get into ereces like south carolina w the electorate in 2016 was over 60% people of color. per tuesday, march 3rd, not long after south carolina, you have states like alabama,gi geand texas, california, again, very sfght comtimu of color -- significant communities of color in thos.se sta for the first few weeks to have the 2020 primary voters of color will be important. in the last two primaries, on candidate pretty much monopolized the votes of that constituency. barack obama woover , 90% of african-american voters and thea

in 2016, it hillary clinton who did well. who did not just well but those voters overwhelmingly. this would be a very different time because you e so many candidates, there's no cleart frontrunner,metimes unlikely we'll get down to south carolina with just two people, we'll have multiple candidates or evean byrch third. the big difference in terms of fernie sanders in terms o reaching out to african-american voters wasn't what just was talking about but had sean king speaking for him, a civil rights activist, young african-erican, been with bernie sanders since the campaign beginning.wa his messag, look, bernie has been with us for a long time. you don't know his story and that the not because he's new to is, it's because he doesn't like talking about himself. and, so, when all the folks come courting you, just remember who's been there from the verbey

nning from the '60s till now. >> brangham: this is something berniemtruggled with last e around. >> absolutely. bernie sanders basically tied in iowa, won new hampshire by a lot and, in theory, could have barreled his way forward, but allary clinton had a wall in south carolina aso nevada and it was because the electorate was more diverse in those states and bernie sanders really struggled to reach those voters. you know that sanders is taking his run much more teriously this time than las time? how do you know he considers himself a frontrunner? because he is out of the gate, trying to fix what he couldn't fix last time. last time he did have somf the younger blac "black lives m" activists, he had younger vots of color but he couldn't win over older voters of color, and he's trying, now, with thirs vey deliberate effort out of the gate to run this campaign diffently and say he

prioritizes those issues, that he doesn't see just fixing income inequality as fixing larger problems for people of color. >> right. >> brangham:his past week we saw whaflt like week one of the democrats taking over the house trotting out michael cohen for algetting allegedly ill mush money payments and dealing with russia on front pages olocal papers all over the country, and we saw jerryadler today putting out a long list of taople he wants to to and documents he wants to see. >> we knew this was no surprise. we knew this was coming whenon democrats tookol of congress. it was clear their priority was to be a check on the president. now they didn't say in their campaign ads, we're going to bring uple 80 people in front of the judiciary committee. the question that's next is is this jus a prelude to the ultimate outcome which is an

inpeoplement proceeding? >> brangham: the leadership doesn't want to see. >> the democrats don't want to talk about it. the president and republicans like talking about it. this has just been eordained from the beginning, we're never going to get a free chance, they're not going to look at us with anything other than malace and prerdained suspension. the other thing is what i think will be interesting is, you know, michael cohen was very nessously flashy first wit but he was also very complicit and wanted to help democrats hold on to the people coming in front of these next committees.t >> branghaey will be drug kicking and screaming. >> they won't be interested inma helpine the case for democrats. >> brangham: in lisa's repthort, speech that the president gave at c-pac this weekend,pe striking to heformance that he gave. he does, as lisa highlighted, seems to relish the ida of running against the democrats, picking on their issues and really diving into this.

>> well, yeah, because he likes a fight, and now he has an opponent or 12 to 14, depending on how you count, and he's ha to have them, and add alexandria ocasio-cortez and the green new deal, add that to his arsenal t the donamp show, a campaign style speech where he goes after everybody and takes no prisoners in. i peopthe crowd at c-pac and his rallies come for the show.in taabout tax policy, that's not what they come for. they come for insult comedy, and now there's more of it. >> yeah, and that, you know, he's hoping that the democrats are able to make a case for him that couldn't be made by him himself, which is you may not like it seems t me, but you likn the blank person less because they go much further. we had a 2018 election that was

a referendum on the president. the republicans did badly. the referendum said we want checks on this president, democrats won the popular votby almost 9 points. if it's a referendum election, the president won't win. it is a choice election, then the president has an opportunity to win. >> brangham: lastly, tam, very quickly, we saw with jay inslee, the governor from washington, say he's going to run on cmate change. how salient do you think that's going to be is this. >> an intting idea, among democrats, climate change is an issue they car about, it's the number two issue back on the eve of the midterms. number thwo issues ind healthcare for democrats, big issue. but if you look at oer polls, pew, some of the srveys, it's the most polarizing issues, democrats think it'is a wg deal, republicans don't want to talk about it. helpful in primary, but in a

general election, very polarim:ng. >> brangmy, tam, thank you very much. >> you're welcome. >> brangham: the islamic state once controlled large parts of iraq and syria, but now that "state" is close tlybeing compleestroyed. the brutal fight against isison has been cled by hundreds of reporters over the last five years, but some of thoseli jours were taken hostage. as judy woodruff explored recently, negotiating with the captors revealed a stark divide between the united states and the united kingdom on one side, and many european tions on the other, over how best to secure the hostages' release. >> woodruff: "we want to negotiate: the secret world of kidnapping, hostages and ransom" explores the ethical, moral dilemmas that arise when trying secure the reease of

reporters when trying to do their job. its author joel simon and we are joined by diane foley, the mother of jalmes ey, an american journalists murdered by the islamic state in 2014. she is th. of the gapless w. foley legacy foundation. welcome to the program. joel, simon, you have a full-time job running the committee to protect journasts. why did you want to write a book at hostage taking and how governments deal wit? >> being kidnapped san occupational hazard fornd journalists arhe world. in 2017 a number of international aid work, and others were ken hostage by the islamic state, and diane actually came to me and asked for my help securing jim's release and, after jim was killed, wead a conversation, and diane encouraged me to look

into this issue. >> woouff: in a nutshell you looked at the approaches taken by so many governments, you heoked at many examples of what has happened overears. what was your final understanding about why the u.s. approach w what it was, which is make nu -- >> yeah, what happened was, in 1973, couple of american diplomats were taken hostage in kartun in sudan. one to have the mands was the release of sur han sur han, the convicted killer of robert f. kennedy. the next day president nixon had a conference scheduled and he was asked what was he dogoing to he said we won't pay black mail or negotiate. the hostages were killed. so the whole policy of don't negotiate was borne in blood and emerged from that moment.o >>druff: diane foley, you've written since your son

was murdered by i theamic state, that the u.s. government could have done more to win hs freedom. what do you believe they could have done and why do you think it would have worked? >> i know that no one can come home if ngovernment plans to talk to captors, and that wash the case, jim was taken. it was as if f.b.i. and state were tied.' han they were not allowed to engage with the captors at all.o so we had ab a one-month window when the captors were reaching out tos. >> woodruff: they were writing to your family. o yes, and gave us pr of life, et cetera. but our government was not lallowed to engage at a, and it was, like, jim's fate was sealed right there. >> woodruff: one of the arguments made about all of this is, when youay, when you say you are willing to pay you run the risk that you are encouraging more kidnapping, more hostage taking in the

future. how do you answeelthat? >> first of all, i started out when i did the research witp that ason, it's logical, but the data doesn't support iti kidn is really a crime of opportunity, and there's no or very littlevidence to suggest that kidnappers are checking paports and yor nationality will determine whether you're kidnapped regardless of the particular policy your government has. >> woodruff: diane, joel isites in the book that you told president obama to face when you met with him at the whii house that administration could have done more than they did. >> and he agreed. tiwhen his ini message was that jim was the highest priority, but i toled th president, with all due respect, that was not the case, and he apologized. he said they could do more. y >> woodruff:ou convinced a ransom would havgotten your son out safely? >> i think what would havego

en him out would have been the engagement of thegovernment or a security firm who could engage and negotiate, talk to them, find out what they really wanted. >> woodruff: but yountpois and i think joel's is no engagement. >> none at all. >> woodruff: joel, is that changing? >> there's a little more -- there is more flexibility under the new rubric, and president obama, when he aounced the hostage policy review, he pointed out hat americans have not been prosecuted for paying ransom. diane and other american hostage families were told at one point they might be prosecuted and going to jail for ran smging their loved ones and president t obama saat has not been the case. but when the hostage policy review wase conducted, ing never on the table was the nos concessiamework.

that was reiterate. so we're still in the framework of we don't negotiate. >> woodruff: the question we keep coming back to is how much rshould a government bepared to do? should there be any limit on what you're prepared to do to win back the life of an amecan citizen? >> national security is a perfectly legitimate framework from which to ask and answer these questions. but i think putting it within a rigid polrkicy frametaking options off the table that could enhance national se and there may be circumstances where bringing a hostage home makes us safer. we owe it to the families to do everything we can to consider every option and to support them and to not take any opt the table. >> woodruff: diane, finally, what would your message be to the american people to look at what happened to you, to your son and wonder, god, we hope this never happens again, what can we make sure itoes snnt.

>> well, the reality is, i think, more and more americans e traveling internationally all the time through work or education, as journalists, aid workers, so, unfortunately, a lot aof terrorisd criminals see hostage taking as a way to get cloud, money, influence, whatever and i do think our government should have the backs of god americans who got -- good americans who go out in therl and being unjustly detained or kidnapped while doing their work. i really think it's important at our country make this a national priority. >> woodruff: diane foy, joel samsimon, thank you both. the book is "we want to negotiate: the secret world of kidnapping, hostages and ransom." thank you. >> thankou, judy. .

>> brangham: and now, we put a lens on the story behind the photos in a major museum. jeffrey brown looks at the artistry that goes into preserving images for years to come. it's part of "canvas," our regular series on arts ande. cult >> reporter: within tht walls of the stitute of chicago resides one of the nation's foremost collections of photography. here, works by 20th century masters such as alfred stieglitz and walker evans share space with daguerreotypes from the earliest days of the medium. for a collection this size and quality to be fit for the viewing publ hours of painstaking work is required behind the scenes. >> reporter: penichon and her >> you could say i am maybe the primary care physician of the photograph collection.

>> reporter: primary care physician? >> yes.r: >> reporhen there's trouble or something's wrong, they call you? >> or maybe not... just fo their annual checkup. iu do a regular checkup to make sure that everythiokay, and that's what we do, too. >> reporter: penichon and herib team are respo for maintaining, preserving and 'spairing the more than 24,000 pieces in the muse collection. it's delicate and time-consuming work, often overlooked and not fully understood. we may think of photographs as "images," but for conservators, they're first and foremost individual "objects." >> i think the misconception especially for photographs is e.u can just make another we often think of photograph as a reproduction medium. you know we can easily print.tw you knowprints are the same, and they're actually not. there are slight differences that make every single print unique. >> reporter: their behthe- scenes work is now getting its own exhibition treatment at the art institute. on display: a history photographic methods and

materials, tools used by conservators, and before-and- after shots that demonstrate the painstaking lengths taken to repair and resre photographs. one example: a photograph by andre kertesz which ffered damage to its corner that required weeks months to anaze and repair. >> for doing this we had to pick a paper that had the same thickness of this photograph, and then build layers so that the sheen of the surface texture of the photograph would be mimicked. so right here we made a new corner basically and repositioned t part that was ripped and painted the area tere the image was missing. >> reporter: buthe conservator's role is as much preserving photograp as pairing them. to that end, the art institute employs a massive cold storage facility where it holds its entire collection. 60 degrees for black and white photographs. it's cold in here! no wmer than 40 degrees for color.

>> the dyes naturally will fade at room temperature, even in the dark. even if we never show them, they will fade.ng by bn the cold, the dyes don't fade as fast.he the colderemperature, the inower reaction. >> reporter: bache exhibit, the effects are plain to see. two prints by joel meyz of the gateway arch in st. louis: one pt in cold storage for 2 years, the other just eight. >> the more we study, the more we understand the effect of timf anertain things like pollution in the air, ozone from the photocopy machine or things like this. and we understand better how certain things have a e ing effect man others. and wery to mitigate those. >> reporter: to penichon, all this is needed to preserve what she describes as the" materiality" of a photograph. >> why is the materiality

important?ot a raph is in itself as an object encapsulate a moment. it is the reflection of a certain moment. the way we decide to do things is a choice. and this choice is encapsulated in the results. so that photograph... not only the image is a moment in time, the object itself represent that moment as well. >> reporter: of course, in the e of smartphones and digital cameras "materiality" has changed. t institute has stepped up its collection of digital mediaf but penichrs something may be lost. need a machine to look them. they're not... you can't stumble on your photograph like you would your grandparents', you know, in a shoe box with prints. our grandkids or great-grand kids, they're not going to stumble on a shoe box. >> reporter: so there's sodthing, something to be s

nor the old shoebox. >> even though it' we tell people don't put your photos in a shoe box. >> reporter: you do? >> yes. yes. because it's not ideal. but there is something to be said about the shoe box. >> reporter: the "conserving photographs" exhibit will run through april. for the pbs newshour, i'm jeffrey brown at the art institute chicago. >> brangham: and we'll be back shortly with a brief but spectacular take on race and confrontations with police. but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station.

>> brangham: as we reported earlier, sacramento is just the latestlash point exposing deep divisions about race and policing in erica. in tonight's brief but spectacular, tetrina blaylock of mississippi offers her personal take on losing a loved one at the hands of t police, and her desire for respect. th can you describe your first hand experience acism and prejudice? >> in mississippi? that's all the time. ( laughs ) i had an incident or the grocery not far from here, where it was an older whit so i'm just gonna give it up to you know she just didn't know better, so we were getting ready to check out, and yes i had morn items er but i was in a

hurry, so she said you should let me in front of you so i turned to her like this and i said oh, okay, i said well she probably couldn't open up her line in a minute and i kept proceeding on, so she said you coloreds don't know your place. you never think your cousinne gonna be theho gonna get shot by the police. i said we have questions that we need answers. i said i'm not saying my cousin was perfect because he was in and out of jail so you automatically assume he a thug. but what happened toy cousin was overkill. from my understanding, my cousia like this when he got shot. the police officers shot my cousin guess what they said?" i was in fear for my life." my cousin wasn't 120 pounds soaking wet with snow boots on. okay? he was shot in his head, he was shot in his arm, he was shot in

his chest. the moment you hit him and he's falling back like this the threat is gone. i'm ying to figure how you have one officer that shoots two people within three or four ofnths of each other back on the job, you have twcers who shot my cousin, they weren't off from work three months, they're back on the job, but you want me to have trust in thiem that it's gonna work in my favor. my personal experiences with the law they've been good and bad. i went to jail for speeding. i think the speed limit's maybe 30, and i think i was going 34, and he said that they don't play that there. i've been taken to jail fome sothing i had nothing to do with. i've been pulled over. i've had them tear my car upor once befe. f i'm likeannie lou hamer, i'm sick and tired of being sick and tired. i have the same rights and privileges that you have. it's a respect thing. tupac once said that you can only beat on the door so long

before you're gonna come and try to kick it down and i done knock on the door, i done rung the doorbell, i've asked and i'm to the point now i'm ready to kick down doors and be like hey, e you're gonna either give respect, or i'mma get my respect. my name is tetrina blalomy, and this irief but spectacular take on respect. >> brangham: you can watch all our "brief but spectacular" episodes at pbs.org/newshour/brief. and that's the newshour for tonight. i'm william brangham. join us on-line and again here tomorrow evening. for all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. >> major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by: >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language, like spanish, french, german, italian, and more. >> bnsf railway.

>> consumer cellular.>> merican cruise lines. >> and b foundation.p. sloan supporting science, technology, and improved economic performance and financial literacy in the 21st century. >> supported by the john d. and catherine t. macarth foundation. committed to building a more just, verdant and peaceful worl more information at macfound.org >> and with the ongoing support of these ititutions >> this program waibmade po by the corporation for puic broadcasting. and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. captioning sponsorur by newsroductions, llc captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

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♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ -today on "america's test kitchen"... becky shows julia the secrets to making pulled chicken indoors... jack challenges bridget to a tasting of basmati rice... lisa shares three of her favorite kitchen gadgets... and erin makes bridget the ultimate flaky buttermilk biscuits. it's all coming up right here on "erica's test kitchen."